Asphalt Technologies for Sustainable StreetsThe American Institute of Architects · Course No....

©2010, 2011 Quest Construction Products LLC. The material contained in this course was researched, assembled, and produced by Integrated Paving Concepts Inc. and Quest Construction Products LLC and remains their property. Questions or concerns about the content of this course should be directed to the program instructor.

Asphalt Technologies for Sustainable Streets

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©2010, 2011 · Table of Contents Slide 2 of 81

Presented By: Quest Construction Products, LLC1465 Pipefitter StreetN Charleston, SC 29405USA

Description: Provides an overview of the features, applications, and the role of asphalt coatings in green design. Included are discussions on the components of sustainable streets, heat island effect, and traffic calming strategies, as well as how pavement design can be used to enhance community connectivity and neighborhood identity.

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Asphalt Technologies for Sustainable Streets

The American Institute of Architects · Course No. AEC391 · This program qualifies for 1.0 HSW/SD/LU hour.

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How to use this Online Learning Course






At the end of this program, participants will be able to:

• list the five components of sustainable streets

• discuss the features and environmental/societal benefits of designing with asphalt coatings

• explain the three environmental considerations for choosing pavements (recyclability, carbon footprint, and heat island effect) and how cool pavements mitigate heat island effect

• discuss pavement design and traffic calming strategies that utilize asphalt coatings, and

• explain how New York City’s Sustainable Street Plan is helping to create a more livable, safer environment.

Learning Objectives






Sustainable Streets

Asphalt Coating Technologies

Environmental Considerations

Colorization Systems for Bike Lanes & Bus Lanes

Traffic Calming Strategies

New York City’s Sustainable Street Plan

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Table of Contents

48






Sustainable Streets






Urban streets and city centers are no longer considered to be the exclusive domain of the automobile. A more balanced approach to street design is underway that considers community, economy, and alternative modes of transportation.

The 21st century has ushered in the idea of complete streets—streets that accommodate pedestrians, bicyclists, transit, as well as automobiles.

A new sensitivity has emerged to public health, environment, and sustainability. Today’s community redevelopment also encourages economic performance through increased property values and business activity.

This course presents an overview of the role of asphalt coating technologies in facilitating innovate streetscape and hardscape design to contribute to more sustainable, livable communities.

Let’s begin with the five components of sustainable streets.

IntroductionSustainable Streets






Similar to the points established by the Transportation Research Board (TRB), below are the five factors that contribute to the creation of sustainable streets.

Five Components of Sustainable Streets Sustainable Streets






The information in the remaining slides in this section was obtained from the TRB 2008 paper, Sustainable Streets: Foundations for an Emerging Practice, University of California, Davis.

In this paper, a definition of sustainable streets is proposed as: “multimodal rights of way designed and operated to create benefits relating to movement, ecology and community that together support a broad sustainability agenda embracing the three E’s: environment, equity, and economy.”

This definition offers a preliminary framework for design professionals that can be utilized as a basis for selecting objectives and features of sustainable streets, as well as for policy making, priority setting, and evaluation.

The paper’s concluding section identifies three related areas of research and application that must advance in order to establish an improved foundation for this emerging practice: knowledge base, design innovation, and planning methods. This inclusive approach to defining sustainable streets is spawned by the objectives and features identified by the sustainable streets review of practice (see table, next slide).

TRB Sustainable Streets Objective HighlightsSustainable Streets






Sustainability Objectives & FeaturesSustainable Streets

Movement Objectives

Movement Features

Ecology Objectives

Ecology Features

Community Objectives Community Features

• Increased pedestrian activity

• Reduced vehicle miles travelled through increased transit and non-motorized mode share and shorter average trip length

• Increased transit use

• High level of overall accessibility

• Increased bicycle use

• Highly connected multimodal network

• Supporting land use patterns with diverse activity in close proximity to and connected by multimodal system

• Vehicle speeds compatible with context, community objectives, and energy-efficient operations

• Facilities for transit services, safe and convenient bicycling and walking

• Mid-block pedestrian paths

• Improved air quality

• Water conservation; improved water quality; compliance with NPDES permitting requirements

• Enhanced ecological health and productivity

• Mitigated urban heat island effect

• Efficient use of energy and resources overall

• Reduced greenhouse gas emissions

• Tree preservation; newly planted trees

• Biofiltration(variety of features)

• Permeable paving

• Use of energy-efficient traffic signals and lighting

• Preserved natural features and processes

• Use of dark-sky lighting

• Placemaking identity, distinction and beauty through natural and built features

• Supporting compact and infill development

• Local priorities, traditions and resources reflected in design

• Positive public health outcomes: physical activity, safety, noise exposure

• Sociability and community life

• Creating value for adjoining properties

• Significantly reduced travel-related injuries and fatalities

• Public gathering places, parks, outdoor dining

• Narrowed carriageway width; “road diets” reducing number of travel lanes

• “Shared streets” and “festival streets” designed for community events

• Custom lighting, furnishings reflecting local design traditions

• Access to adjoining properties

• Landscaping with native plants

• Improved aesthetic environment






To summarize the table on the previous slide, the predominate TRB sustainable street objectives include:

• increase bicycle use• increase transit use• increase pedestrian activity• improve aesthetics, and• mitigate urban heat island effect.

The next section of the course introduces the features and benefits of asphalt coating technologies and their role in addressing sustainable street objectives.

TRB’s Sustainable Street ObjectivesSustainable Streets






Asphalt Coating Technologies






Inherent in the design of sustainable streets is the necessity for environmentally responsible construction techniques. One method to achieve the goal of providing more bicycle and pedestrian use, traffic calming and improved aesthetics is to consider the use of water-based coating for enhancing asphalt surfaces.

In this section we will show how these durable, environmentally-friendly materials contribute to the creation of sustainable streets. These products are available as non-toxic, 100% recyclable coatings that exceed the most stringent government standards for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Southern California Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) requires that VOCs in water-based coatings are no higher than 100. Some manufacturers offer asphalt coatings with as little as 21 VOCs.

As part of the greater monolithic surface, these systems bond permanently and resist shifting, cracking and peeling. Consequently, they are suitable for all wear in all environments. These technologies are available for a range of applications in a variety of systems, including solar reflective. Asphalt coating systems with solar reflective technology work with even darker colors that help reduce urban heat island effect and contribute to more livable communities by making pavement surfaces cooler. Solar reflective technology also contributes to LEED® credits.

IntroductionAsphalt Coating Technologies






Solar reflective asphalt coatings can contribute LEED credits under the following categories:

• New Construction (NC) – Sustainable Sites (SSc7.1) Heat Island Effect – Non-Roof

• Existing Building Operations (EBOM) – Sustainable Sites (SSc7.1) Heat Island Effect –Non-Roof

• Schools – Sustainable Sites (SSc7.1) Heat Island Effect – Non-Roof

• Green Neighborhood Development – Green Infrastructure and Buildings Heat Island Reduction (GIB Credit 9)

One credit can be realized through the use of surface materials which have a solar reflectance index (SRI) of 29 or higher applied to at least 50% of the site’s total hardscape, including parking lots, roads, sidewalks and courtyards.

LEEDAsphalt Coating Technologies






The LEED for Neighborhood Development rating system integrates the principles of smart growth, urbanism, and green building into the first national system for neighborhood design. LEED-ND is currently undergoing a development process in anticipation of a late summer 2010 launch of the post-pilot version of the rating system.

LEED for Neighborhood DevelopmentAsphalt Coating Technologies






NPD Prerequisite 1: Walkable Streets (Required)

• Intent– Promote transportation efficiency, including reduced vehicle miles traveled

(VMT).

– Promote walking and bicycling by providing safe, appealing, and comfortable street environments that support public health, thus reducing the risk of obesity, heart disease, and hypertension by reducing pedestrian injuries and encouraging daily physical activity.

LEED: Neighborhood Pattern & Design (NPD)Asphalt Coating Technologies






NPD Credit 1: Walkable Streets

• 1 to 12 Points• Intent (same as prerequisite on previous slide)

Sidewalks– Continuous sidewalks, or equivalent provisions for walking, are provided along

both sides of all streets within the project, including the project-side of streets bordering the project.

– New sidewalks, whether adjacent to streets or not, must be at least five feet wide on residential blocks or ten feet wide on retail non-residential or mixed-use blocks and at least five feet wide on all other blocks.

– Equivalent provisions for walking include woonerfs (a street where pedestrians and cyclists have legal priority over motorists) and all-weather surface footpaths at least five feet wide.

– Note that these requirements specify wider sidewalks than required by NPD Prerequisite 1.







NPD Credit 11: Visitability and Universal Design

• 1 Point• Intent

– Enable the widest spectrum of people, regardless of age or ability, to more easily participate in their community life by increasing the proportion of areas that are usable by people of diverse abilities.

NPD Credit 12: Community Outreach and Involvement

• 1 to 2 Points• Intent

– Encourage project selection and design that is responsive to community needs by promoting socially equitable and socially engaging communities, by encouraging community participation in the project design and planning, and by involving the people who live or work in a community in deciding how it should be improved or how it should change over time.







Asphalt coating systems are used for crosswalks, traffic calming device treatments, colored bike lanes and bus lanes, civic plazas and more.

Decorative asphalt projects include signature hardscape design for a variety of applications, such as college and university campuses, civic plazas and many other types of pedestrian spaces. Patterned paving products and colored asphalt treatments are ideal for zoo and theme park hardscapes as well.

Asphalt coatings offer solutions with visual excellence and durability for entranceways and driveways for single family subdivisions and townhome projects.

A wide range of decorative asphalt systems provides project stakeholders with almost unlimited design options, from the look of traditional pavers and bricks to a more contemporary image. Some examples of installations are pictured on the next slide.

Asphalt Coating Systems Asphalt Coating Technologies






Asphalt Coating Systems Asphalt Coating Technologies






Features of asphalt coatings:

• Design flexibility• Easy to install• Low maintenance• Design support

– some manufacturers offer design support, providing practical advice to help achieve project creative potential

FeaturesAsphalt Coating Technologies

• Slip- and trip-resistant surfaces that are safe for pedestrians– look for coating systems that comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act

(ADA). Note that coatings that do not accommodate for friction result in slip and skid hazards for pedestrians and vehicles

• Flexible – materials that are too hard will impede normal expansion and contraction of

asphalt surfaces and will end up cracking and damaging the surface






Color stability is an important feature of quality coatings systems. Products that lack color stability fade when exposed to sunlight, and original design intents will suffer as a result.

Color StabilityAsphalt Coating Technologies

This machine performs ASTM Test G155 with a QUV of 2000 hrs. It is an accelerated exposure test that simulates approximately three months of exposure to intense sunlight 24/7. For more information, refer to: www.astm.org/Standards/G155.htm.

This test proves that there is no relevant color change due to exposure to the sun.

http://www.astm.org/Standards/G155.htm






The Rotary Platform Abrasion Tester (commonly referred to as the Taber Abrader) is used for evaluating abrasion and wear resistance. The chart below compares the Taber wet wear test results of tennis court coating, water-based traffic paint, solvent-based traffic paint and advanced asphalt coatings.

Taber Wet Wear Test ResultsAsphalt Coating Technologies

Tennis Court Coating

Water-Based Traffic Paint

Solvent-Based Traffic Paint

Advanced Asphalt Coatings






Coatings must be resistant to damage by fuel, engine oil, and de-icing agents. Compare the results of a fuel emulsion test of a regular polymer coating versus an advanced coating for asphalt surfaces.

Chemical ResistanceAsphalt Coating Technologies






When designing with asphalt coating systems, computer generated graphical representations can be produced in order to visualize the project before actual installation.

Listed below are the critical considerations for proper installation of stamped asphalt.• Well-engineered asphalt, properly installed• Use of correct asphalt reheating technology

– equipment with infrared sensors provides the installer with the ability to monitor surface temperature

– prevent burn damage to HMA surface– no inconsistent “hot or cold” spots

• “Fit for Purpose” designed coatings– materials to perform reliably under varied conditions– engineered with balanced property characteristics

System Design ConsiderationsAsphalt Coating Technologies

A reciprocating heating process is critical to properly and safely heat asphalt.






There are considerable economic advantages when applying surface treatments to existing asphalt surfaces, as there is no need to demolish the substrate or to install cumbersome and time consuming decorative pavements.

Economic Advantages Asphalt Coating Technologies

The Annenberg Community Beach Club sits on the site of the former William Randolph Hearst Beach House. Portions of this historic property still remain.

A LEED-friendly (SRI > 29), limestone-gray colored coating was used on the “boardwalk” and to mark the historical footprint of the original building. The cream color was used to blend the balance of the parking lot into the natural surroundings.






Environmental Considerations






In this section we explore the green advantages of designing with asphalt versus concrete.

The environmental considerations when choosing pavements are:

1. recyclability 2. carbon footprint, and3. heat island effect.

Each of the above points will be reviewed in subsequent slides, beginning with recyclability.

Introduction Environmental Considerations






Reclaimed concrete cannot be rehydrated and reused to make new concrete.

Reclaimed asphalt can be reheated and reused to make high quality new pavements. In fact, over 80% of all reclaimed asphalt pavement is recycled.

RecyclabilityEnvironmental Considerations






The next environmental consideration for discussion is carbon footprint. A National Institute of Standards and Technology “cradle to grave” study concluded that asphalt pavements produce over 60% less carbon dioxide than concrete pavements. The graph below compares the carbon footprint of hot-mix asphalt (HMA), Portland cement concrete (PCC), and PCC with 15% fly ash.

Carbon FootprintEnvironmental Considerations

Figure 1. BEES Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Comparison






Heat island effect is the last environmental consideration for review. Urban heat islands are metropolitan areas where the temperature is higher than in the surrounding rural areas (generally by 5-6 degrees).

Heat Island EffectEnvironmental Considerations






This effect is especially evident at night. The annual mean air temperature of a city with one million or more people can be 1.8 to 5.4°F (1 to 3°C) warmer than its surroundings, and on a clear, calm night, this temperature difference can be as much as 22°F (12°C).

On warm summer days, the air in a city can be 6-8°F hotter than its surrounding areas.

The temperature difference is attributed to more buildings and pavements (roads, parking lots, driveways and sidewalks) that absorb solar radiation. Note that pavement area in U.S. cities average 30-40%. Building development and pavement have taken the place of trees and vegetation that not only shade the ground, reducing surface temperatures, but also cool the air and reduce ambient temperatures through transpiration.

Even smaller cities and towns will produce heat islands, though the effect often decreases as city size decreases.







During the day, pavements absorb more heat than they emit. At night, pavements continue to emit the heat absorbed during the day.







These satellite images of the Fraser River banks in Vancouver, BC, illustrate the impact of the heat island effect. In the past, traditional farmland surrounded the banks of the Fraser River, but it is now largely industrial (with blacktop and rooftop). The thermal image taken in 2009 (right image) indicates the heat islands (purple represents the hottest temperatures).

Heat Island Effect: Vancouver, BCEnvironmental Considerations






The left image of Vancouver, BC, (taken in 1986) compared to the right image (taken in 2004) illustrates how heat island effect grows over time as urban development spreads and increases the density of paved surfaces in a particular area.

Heat Island Effect: Vancouver, BCEnvironmental Considerations

1986 2004

Source of Images: urbanheatislands.com






How does the heat island effect impact power demand? The lighting, heating, and cooling of buildings accounts for 40% of total U.S. energy consumption. The increase in energy requirement and subsequent cost for air conditioning is directly proportional to the difference in temperature between the building interior and the outside. In warm climates, such as Los Angeles, CA, afternoon temperatures can exceed 100°F. Air conditioners are typically set at 72°F. A temperature difference of 30°F increases power demand from approximately 9 billion watts to 15 billion watts, an increase of 6 billion watts.

Heat Island Effect & Power DemandEnvironmental Considerations

Source: Heat Island Group






If an interior temperature is maintained at 75°F and the external temperature is reduced from 105°F to 95°F by heat island mitigation, the air conditioning bill can be reduced by 33%. This is a substantial economic savings, as well as a reduction in the overall energy requirement of a city.

In Houston, TX, about half of all developed land is either paved or rooftops. Various techniques can be employed together (refer to next slide) to mitigate resulting heat islands and reduce the heat load of the city by several kWhr/m2/day and reduce the temperature by as much as 10°-15°F.

Source: “It’s Not Cool to be Hot in Houston”Ronald L. Sass, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Rice University, Houston, TX

Heat Island Effect: Houston, TXEnvironmental Considerations

Houston, TX, Heat Islands






Heat Island Strategy: Houston, TXEnvironmental Considerations

Source: “It’s Not Cool to be Hot in Houston”Ronald L. Sass, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Rice University, Houston, TX






To summarize the previous slide, various tools that can be employed to cool Houston include planting trees in strategic locations and using cool paving technologies on urban surfaces, such as roofs, streets, and parking lots. Where paved surfaces are required, using materials with higher solar reflectance (albedo) will reduce the heat island effect, save energy by reducing the demand for air conditioning, and improve air quality.

Solar reflectance is the fraction of the incident solar energy which is reflected by a surface. A solar reflectance index (SRI) is used to determine the effect of the reflectance and emittance on the surface temperature, and ranges from 100 (for a standard white surface) to zero (for a standard black surface). Recall that the minimum for LEED credit is SRI 29.

The SRI is calculated using ASTM E1980, “Standard Practice for Calculating Solar Reflectance Index of Horizontal and Low-Sloped Opaque Surfaces.” Note that materials with the highest SRI are the coolest and the most suitable choice for mitigating the heat island effect.

Solar Reflectance IndexEnvironmental Considerations






As well as mitigating the heat island effect, cool pavements are safer by keeping surfaces cooler. When outdoor daytime temperatures reach 100°F, pavement surface temperatures are 140°F. Note that skin burns at 130°F. While you can achieve SRI values above 29 with concrete, there are other considerations to keep in mind, some of which will have an environmental impact (refer to next slide).

Cool PavementsEnvironmental Considerations

Concrete Asphalt with Solar Reflective Coating






Concrete vs. Asphalt with SR CoatingEnvironmental Considerations

ConcreteAsphalt with Solar Reflective Coating

High CO2 60% less CO2

Expensive Generally 25% less cost

Damaged by salt No salt issues

Limited recyclability 100% recyclable






Solar reflective coatings on asphalt surfaces reflect the infrared radiation (IR) from the sun and keep pavements cooler. Available in a range of both light and dark colors, solar reflective coatings can contribute LEED credits to sustainable construction projects and are an ideal and affordable solution for green hardscape design.

Asphalt with Solar Reflective CoatingEnvironmental Considerations






Reflectively and surface temperatures of fresh asphalt, aged asphalt, and asphalt with a light-colored SR coating are compared in the image below.

Asphalt with Solar Reflective CoatingEnvironmental Considerations






It is logical to expect some lighter colors to have a high SRI value; however, advancements in the industry have led to the development of dark-colored coatings with high SRI values.

Dark-Colored Solar Reflective CoatingsEnvironmental Considerations

38

33

SRI 33

SRI 38






USS Arizona Memorial PathwaysPearl Harbor, HIProject size: 90,000 sq. ft.

Originally dedicated in 1980, the Museum and Visitor Center of the USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor was in urgent need to replace and expand the existing facility.

The new facility is now complete and is a flagship for sustainable building practices. It has been constructed to attain LEED Silver rating. The new buildings will actually use less energy than the ones they replaced, even though they are in total twice the size.

Construction included asphalt pathways throughout the site that were coated with a cream-colored solar reflective coating (SRI 37) for LEED credits.

Example: Solar Reflective Coatings on AsphaltEnvironmental Considerations






Hannaford’s Grocery Store, Augusta, MEProject size: approximately 70,000 sq.ft.

Through the use of dark-colored solar reflective coatings, Hannaford’s was able to obtain LEED credits that contributed to the first LEED Platinum certified grocery store in the world.

The choice for dark colors maintains the conventional look of parking lots while at the same time helps blend in dirt, grime and darkening that results from normal use.

Patterned paving was used for pedestrian channelization. Note: The slate-colored solar reflective coating is applied only to the parking stalls and entrance areas. No coating is applied to the lanes. This satisfies the 50% coverage criteria to achieve the LEED credit.

Example: Solar Reflective Coatings on AsphaltEnvironmental Considerations






Colorization Systems for Bike Lanes & Bus Lanes






Bike and bus lanes are important components of sustainable street design because they encourage bicycling and the use of transit.

Using colored asphalt for priority bike and bus lanes enhances safety and usability.

Colored pavement helps visually elevate the bike lane or bus lane, further defining the space and helping differentiate the dedicated area from the vehicular portion of the road.

The coloring is a constant and bold visual reminder to motorists that the priority lanes are present.

Introduction Colorization Systems for Bike Lanes & Bus Lanes






Asphalt coating technology designed specially for bike lane or bus lane colorization is available; it is colorfast, will not peel or delaminate, and is skid- and slip- resistant.

Additionally, these water-based products are installation-friendly, with low VOCs and low odor.

Some manufacturers offer these technologies with solar reflectance for cool pavements.

Bike Lane / Bus Lane Colorization Colorization Systems for Bike Lanes & Bus Lanes






Colored bike lanes and bus lanes have been used in Europe for years, with many cities having comprehensive bike sharing and alternative transportation programs. Cities in North America are beginning to embrace these asphalt coating technologies as a practical, long-lasting colorization solution for their alternate transportation requirements.

Bike Lane / Bus Lane Colorization Colorization Systems for Bike Lanes & Bus Lanes






To improve livability, the City of Padova developed an initiative in September, 2007, aimed at promoting bicycling as a means of alternate transportation. Part of the event included an art contest, “Asphalt Art,” in which art students from a local college participated by creating bicycle-related themes for a community piazetta.

Asphalt ArtColorization Systems for Bike Lanes & Bus Lanes






Eight artists were selected, and they were allowed to only use four basic colors, which they could mix to create additional colors.







The result is a local piazetta that can be enjoyed and appreciated by the community, long after the event is over.







Traffic Calming Strategies






In this section of the course, we review how asphalt coatings can be utilized in traffic calming applications.

The next few slides present the various solutions that were aimed at reducing accidents and improving livability in Padova, Italy.

In terms of traffic calming, the challenge was to find a successful strategy that would be accepted by the community.

IntroductionTraffic Calming Strategies






The first traffic calming strategy involved the use of speed bumps, which was not well received since speed bumps, such as this one pictured in the top image, are not gentle on vehicles.

The second attempt used brick pavers on a much wider speed bump (lower image).

Although the increased width makes the speed bump more gentle on vehicles, the introduction of brick pavers into the asphalt surface gave rise to other problems regarding practicality and cost.

Speed BumpsTraffic Calming Strategies






Rather than seeding streets with speed bumps, the option of reducing car speeds by narrowing lane widths is better received by communities.

Speed limits of 40 mph are easier to enforce with a lane width of 10’ and spacing between cars of 33’.

As the lane width narrows, speeds naturally decrease, as well as spacing between cars.

Narrowing Lane WidthsTraffic Calming Strategies

40 mph: Spacing 33’, Lane Width 10’

25 mph: Spacing 24’, Lane Width 8.2’

12 mph: Spacing 15’, Lane Width 6.5’






The recovered space left over after the lane narrowing can then be used for landscaping, bike lanes, and sidewalks (top image).

Another option uses the recovered space for parking stalls (lower image).

Options for Recovered SpaceTraffic Calming Strategies






This is yet another option that utilizes recovered space. Here, the linear geometry of the roadway is disrupted, combined with different colored pavement.

Traffic Calming: Padova, ItalyTraffic Calming Strategies






The planners of the City of Padova decided to narrow lanes and incorporate stamped asphalt as part of their traffic calming initiative. Stamped asphalt was used to visually narrow intersections, thereby influencing motorists to slow down as they approach. Additionally, pedestrian and cyclist areas were clearly delineated with highly visible colors. The color treatments also create a very effective urban renewal look that improves the aesthetics of the city.







The implementing of the traffic calming program has been well received by the community and has resulted in a 63% reduction in accidents. It is so successful that additional communities in Italy, such as Venice, Brescia, and Pisa are looking at implementing similar solutions.







New York City’s Sustainable Street Plan






On Earth Day, 2007, Mayor Bloomberg announced his comprehensive sustainability plan, or PLANYC:

“… the most sweeping plan to enhance New York’s urban environment in the city’s modern history. The combined impact of this plan will not only help ensure a higher quality of life for generations of New Yorkers to come; it will also contribute to a 30% reduction in global warming emissions.”

The plan focused on the five key dimensions of the city’s environment: land, air, water, energy, and transportation.

Goals of the plan included:• having all New Yorkers live within a ten-minute walk of a quality open space, and• creating over 200 miles of new bike paths in 3 years, including piloting high visibility

bike lanes in key locations.

IntroductionNew York City’s Sustainable Street Plan






When creating the NYC bike paths, several colors were tried before they settled on the right color choice.

Note that many miles of bike lanes have been completed throughout the five boroughs of NYC with ongoing programs to install more.

NYC Bike Lanes New York City’s Sustainable Street Plan

Adams Street, Brooklyn, NY






NYC tried fully coated bus lanes, as well as coating bus lanes in places where the wheel path would not go over the coating. Because of the satisfactory wear results, NYC decided on full lane coating. Roughly ten miles of terracotta bus lanes have been installed with ongoing contracts to complete more in high profile locations.

NYC Bus LanesNew York City’s Sustainable Street Plan






In 2008, the “Sustainable Streets” strategic plan was announced by Transportation Commissioner, Janette Sadik-Khan. The plan included, “…an outline for bringing ‘a green approach’ to transportation in the city by implementing safer, more equitable ‘world class streets policies.’” Targeted in the plan were four different areas of emphasis along Broadway Avenue in NYC: Madison Square, Herald Square, Times Square and Columbus Circle.

2008 Sustainable Street PlanNew York City’s Sustainable Street Plan






Madison Square Park (Flat Iron District) was designed with bike lanes and pedestrian spaces. Big planters, used as aesthetic traffic barriers, protect pedestrian areas.

Madison Square ParkNew York City’s Sustainable Street Plan






These “before and after” computer-generated photographs of Madison Square Park show how asphalt coating technologies can be used as part of a sustainable street design strategy, while creating a more livable environment.

Madison Square ParkNew York City’s Sustainable Street Plan

Madison Square Park Before Madison Square Park After






Plans for the Bronx Hub, known as “the Times Square of the Bronx,” include pedestrian refuge islands and a new public plaza.

Bronx Hub, Bronx, NYNew York City’s Sustainable Street Plan

Bronx Hub: Simplification and Enhancement






Red asphalt coatings were applied to bus lanes, and yellow coatings were used on pedestrian spaces. Large planters are used as traffic barriers for safety and aesthetics.


Please remember the exam password SAFETY. You will be required to enter it in order to proceed with the online examination.






Here is an image of the Bronx Hub project.







Below are before and after computer-generated images of Herald Square (Broadway & 6th).

Herald Square New York City’s Sustainable Street Plan

Herald Square Before Herald Square After






Why change Times Square, an iconic landmark? Safety is the predominant reason. Times Square area averages 137% more pedestrian injuries resulting from motorists than other avenues. Over 356,000 people walk Times Square every day, and although there are 4.5 times as many people as vehicles, only 11% of the area is for pedestrians.

Times SquareNew York City’s Sustainable Street Plan






Below are before and after computer-generated images of Times Square.


Times Square Before Times Square After






The NYC Sustainable Street Plan resulted in a 50% reduction in traffic-related injuries.

As well, the project opened more than three acres of pedestrian space.

More information about the NYC project is available in the Street Design Manual:http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/about/streetdesignmanual.shtml

Summary of NYC Sustainable Street PlanNew York City’s Sustainable Street Plan

http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/about/streetdesignmanual.shtml






In 2009, New York City won the Institute for Transportation & Development Policy (ITDP)Sustainable Transport Award for visionary achievements in sustainable transportation and urban livability due to the reasons listedbelow.

• 140 miles of on-street bike lanes implemented• Over 98,000 trees planted• A select bus service implemented• Car-free Sundays introduced• NYC recycles 40% of its asphalt

2009 Sustainable Transportation AwardNew York City’s Sustainable Street Plan

• 49 acres of road space, traffic lanes, and parking spots dedicated for bike lanes, pedestrian areas, and public plazas

• Total of 530 miles of bike lanes with an additional 200 miles over the next three years (note: bike ridership has increased by 35% percent from past year)






• ASTM G155: www.astm.org/Standards/G155.htm(date accessed: March 22, 2010)

• New York City Street Design Manual:http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/about/streetdesignmanual.shtml(date accessed: March 8, 2010)

• LEED:http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CategoryID=19(date accessed: March 8, 2010)

• Quest Construction Products LLCwww.streetbond.com(date accessed: November 21, 2011)

• Quest Construction Products LLC, CAD Library: http://caddetails.com/2004/product.asp?cid=085(date accessed: November 21, 2011)

References & Resources

http://caddetails.com/2004/product.asp?cid=085


http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CategoryID=19

http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/about/streetdesignmanual.shtml

http://www.astm.org/Standards/G155.htm






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Course Evaluations

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