Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials
Transcript of Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials
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Asphalt 104:
An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt
Materials
-Part II-
Mix Design
Scott ShulerCSU
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The MIX
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The MIX
n Rocks
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The MIX
n Rocks
n Asphalt
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The MIX
n Rocks
n Asphalt
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The MIX
n Rocks
n Asphalt
n Air
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The MIX
About 86% n Rocks
n Asphalt
n Air
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The MIX
About 86% n Rocks
n Asphalt
n Air
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The MIX
About 86%
About 10%
n Rocks
n Asphalt
n Air
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The MIX
About 86%
About 10%
n Rocks
n Asphalt
n Air
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The MIX
About 86%
About 10%
4%
n Rocks
n Asphalt
n Air
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The MIX
About 86%
About 10%
4%
n Rocks
n Asphalt
n Air
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Purpose of Mixture Design
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To Build Better Roads
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Better Asphalt Roads are:
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Better Asphalt Roads are:
Coarse
Medium
Fine
A Combination of an Asphalt Binder
And Crushed Rocks
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These Individual Rock Sizes Will Not Make a Good Asphalt Mix Alone
but
A Combination Might
Coarse
Medium
Fine
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What Combination Works?
Coarse Intermediate Fines
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What Combination Works?
Coarse Intermediate Fines
33.3% 33.3% 33.3%
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Maximum Density for Aggregates
Goode and Lufsey, Bureau of Public Roads
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Maximum Density for Aggregates
Goode and Lufsey, Bureau of Public Roads
p = 100
d
D
0.45
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Maximum Density for Aggregates
Goode and Lufsey, Bureau of Public Roads
p = 100
d
D
0.45 p = percent material passing a given sieve d
D = Maximum aggregate size
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Aggregate Gradation Specs
0.075 0.30 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 19.0
Sieve Sizes Raised to 0.45 Power
Perc
ent P
assi
ng
100
Maxsize
Nommaxsize
controlpoints
maximum density line
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What a Mixture Design Does
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What a Mixture Design Does
Creates a Strong Pavement – HOW?
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What a Mixture Design Does
Creates a Strong Pavement – HOW?– The Right Volumes of
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What a Mixture Design Does
Creates a Strong Pavement – HOW?– The Right Volumes of
n Rocks
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What a Mixture Design Does
Creates a Strong Pavement – HOW?– The Right Volumes of
n Rocks
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What a Mixture Design Does
Creates a Strong Pavement – HOW?– The Right Volumes of
About 86% n Rocks
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What a Mixture Design Does
Creates a Strong Pavement – HOW?– The Right Volumes of
About 86% n Rocks
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What a Mixture Design Does
Creates a Strong Pavement – HOW?– The Right Volumes of
About 86% n Rocks
n Asphalt
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What a Mixture Design Does
Creates a Strong Pavement – HOW?– The Right Volumes of
About 86% n Rocks
n Asphalt
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What a Mixture Design Does
Creates a Strong Pavement – HOW?– The Right Volumes of
About 86%
About 10%
n Rocks
n Asphalt
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What a Mixture Design Does
Creates a Strong Pavement – HOW?– The Right Volumes of
About 86%
About 10%
n Rocks
n Asphalt
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What a Mixture Design Does
Creates a Strong Pavement – HOW?– The Right Volumes of
About 86%
About 10%
n Rocks
n Asphalt
n Air
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What a Mixture Design Does
Creates a Strong Pavement – HOW?– The Right Volumes of
About 86%
About 10%
4%
n Rocks
n Asphalt
n Air
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What a Mixture Design Does
Creates a Strong Pavement – HOW?– The Right Volumes of
About 86%
About 10%
4%
n Rocks
n Asphalt
n Air
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Traffic Affects the Air Voids
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Rocks
Traffic Affects the Air Voids
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Rocks
Traffic Affects the Air Voids
86%
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Rocks
Traffic Affects the Air Voids
Asphalt
86%
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Rocks
Traffic Affects the Air Voids
Asphalt
86%
10%
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Rocks
Traffic Affects the Air Voids
Asphalt
86%
10%
Air
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Rocks
Traffic Affects the Air Voids
Asphalt
86%
10%
Air 4%
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Rocks
Traffic Affects the Air Voids
Asphalt
86%
10%
Air 4%
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Rocks
Traffic Affects the Air Voids
Asphalt
86%
10%
Air 4%
Minivans, Cars
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Rocks
Traffic Affects the Air Voids
Asphalt
86%
10%
Air 4%
Minivans, Cars
Heavier Traffic Squeezes Air Out
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Rocks
Traffic Affects the Air Voids
Asphalt
86%
10%
Air 4%
Minivans, Cars
Heavier Traffic Squeezes Air Out
Air 3%
Light Trucks, Vans
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Rocks
Traffic Affects the Air Voids
Asphalt
86%
10%
Air 4%
Minivans, Cars
Heavier Traffic Squeezes Air Out
Air 3%
Light Trucks, Vans
Until There is Less, and Less
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Rocks
Traffic Affects the Air Voids
Asphalt
86%
10%
Air 4%
Minivans, Cars
Heavier Traffic Squeezes Air Out
Air 3%
Light Trucks, Vans
2%
Semis
Until There is Less, and Less
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And Finally…..
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And Finally…..
Rutting
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Rocks
Asphalt
86%
10%
Air 4%
CarsLight Trucks Semis
Adjust Asphalt and Rocks for Traffic
4%4%
9% 8%
88%87%
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Simulate Traffic in the Laboratory
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Simulate Traffic in the Laboratory
Low Gyrations - Cars
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Simulate Traffic in the Laboratory
Low Gyrations - Cars
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Simulate Traffic in the Laboratory
Low Gyrations - Cars
Med Gyrations – Lt Trucks
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Simulate Traffic in the Laboratory
Low Gyrations - Cars
Med Gyrations – Lt Trucks
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Simulate Traffic in the Laboratory
Low Gyrations - Cars
Med Gyrations – Lt Trucks
High Gyrations - Semis
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Simulate Traffic in the Laboratory
Low Gyrations - Cars
Med Gyrations – Lt Trucks
High Gyrations - Semis
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How Much Asphaltto get 4% Air Voids ??????
The Key to Mixture Design
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Med Traffic-50
How Much Asphaltto get 4% Air Voids ??????
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Air
Voi
ds, %
Asphalt, %
The Key to Mixture Design
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Med Traffic-50
How Much Asphaltto get 4% Air Voids ??????
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Air
Voi
ds, %
Asphalt, %
The Key to Mixture Design
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Med Traffic-50
How Much Asphaltto get 4% Air Voids ??????
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Air
Voi
ds, %
Asphalt, %
Low Traffic-35Hi Traffic-75
5.0 5.3
As Traffic Increases
The Key to Mixture Design
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Med Traffic-50
How Much Asphaltto get 4% Air Voids ??????
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Air
Voi
ds, %
Asphalt, %
Low Traffic-35Hi Traffic-75
5.0 5.3
As Traffic Increases
The Key to Mixture Design
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Med Traffic-50
How Much Asphaltto get 4% Air Voids ??????
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Air
Voi
ds, %
Asphalt, %
Low Traffic-35Hi Traffic-75
5.0 5.3
As Traffic Increases
The Key to Mixture Design
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Med Traffic-50
How Much Asphaltto get 4% Air Voids ??????
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Air
Voi
ds, %
Asphalt, %
Low Traffic-35Hi Traffic-75
5.0 5.3
As Traffic Increases
The Key to Mixture Design
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Med Traffic-50
How Much Asphaltto get 4% Air Voids ??????
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Air
Voi
ds, %
Asphalt, %
Low Traffic-35Hi Traffic-75
5.0 5.3 5.7
As Traffic Increases
Decreases
The Key to Mixture Design
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We Must Know TrafficTo Know Asphalt %
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We Must Know TrafficTo Know Asphalt %
Let’s Design for Residential Streetwith 100 cars per day
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We Must Know TrafficTo Know Asphalt %
Let’s Design for Residential Streetwith 100 cars per day
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We Must Know TrafficTo Know Asphalt %
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Air
Voi
ds, %
Asphalt, %
Let’s Design for Residential Streetwith 100 cars per day
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We Must Know TrafficTo Know Asphalt %
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Air
Voi
ds, %
Asphalt, %
Low Traffic-35
Let’s Design for Residential Streetwith 100 cars per day
![Page 81: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
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We Must Know TrafficTo Know Asphalt %
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Air
Voi
ds, %
Asphalt, %
Low Traffic-35
5.7
Let’s Design for Residential Streetwith 100 cars per day
![Page 82: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
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Would this DesignWork on I-25??????
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Air
Voi
ds, %
Asphalt, %
5.7
1.8
Low Traffic-35
![Page 83: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
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Would this DesignWork on I-25??????
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Air
Voi
ds, %
Asphalt, %
5.7
1.8
Hi Traffic-75
Low Traffic-35
![Page 84: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
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Would this DesignWork on I-25??????
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Air
Voi
ds, %
Asphalt, %
5.7
1.8NO!1.8% Air Voids Is Too Low
Hi Traffic-75
Low Traffic-35
![Page 85: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
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Would this DesignWork on I-25??????
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Air
Voi
ds, %
Asphalt, %
5.7
1.8NO!1.8% Air Voids Is Too Low
Hi Traffic-75
5.0
Decrease AC%
Low Traffic-35
![Page 86: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
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Superpave Mix Design
![Page 87: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
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Superpave Mix Design
Gyratory Compactor Simulates Traffic Better Than Hammer
![Page 88: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
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Superpave Mix Design
Gyratory Compactor Simulates Traffic Better Than Hammer
![Page 89: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
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Superpave Mix Design
Gyratory Compactor Simulates Traffic Better Than Hammer
Volumetric Analysis (Voids)
![Page 90: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
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Superpave Mix Design
Gyratory Compactor Simulates Traffic Better Than Hammer
Volumetric Analysis (Voids)
![Page 91: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
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Superpave Mix Design
Gyratory Compactor Simulates Traffic Better Than Hammer
Volumetric Analysis (Voids)
Adjusts AC% to Traffic and Climate
![Page 92: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
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![Page 93: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
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Volumetric Analysis
![Page 94: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
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Volumetric Analysis
Air Voids
![Page 95: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
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Volumetric Analysis
Air VoidsVMA (Voids in Mineral Aggregate
![Page 96: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
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Volumetric Analysis
Air VoidsVMA (Voids in Mineral AggregateVMA Filled with AC%
![Page 97: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
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Volumetric Analysis
Air VoidsVMA (Voids in Mineral AggregateVMA Filled with AC%Absorption
![Page 98: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
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VMA Concept
![Page 99: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
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VMA Concept
Durability – Enough Binder… Not Too Much
![Page 100: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
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VMA Concept
Durability – Enough Binder… Not Too Much
About 86% n Rocks
![Page 101: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
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VMA Concept
Durability – Enough Binder… Not Too Much
About 86%
About 10%
n Rocks
n Asphalt
![Page 102: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
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VMA Concept
Durability – Enough Binder… Not Too Much
About 86%
About 10%
4%
n Rocks
n Asphalt
n Air
VMA = Effective Asphalt + Air
Voids are Just Full Enough
![Page 103: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
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If VMA Too Low
![Page 104: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
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If VMA Too Low
Durability Suffers…Not Enough Coating
About 88%
About 8%
4%
n Rocks
n Asphalt
n Air
VMA = Effective Asphalt + Air
Voids are Not Full Enough
![Page 105: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
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If VMA Too High
![Page 106: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
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If VMA Too High
Stability Suffers…Too Much Coating
About 84%
About 12%
4%
n Rocks
n Asphalt
n Air
VMA = Effective Asphalt + Air
Voids are Too Full of Asphalt
![Page 107: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
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Select Asphalt and Aggregates
Aggregates
1. Coarse Aggregate Angularity (fractured faces)2. Fine Aggregate Angularity3. Flat and Elongated Particles4. Clay Content (sand equivalent)5. Toughness (LA Abrasion)6. Soundness7. Deleterious Stuff8. Gradation
![Page 108: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
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Evaluate Compaction
Air
Void
s, %
0
Low Med HighCompaction
Ninit
Ndes
Nmax
11
5
2
3
![Page 109: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
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StabilityPressure
Load
RubberAllows LateralMovement
![Page 110: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
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Optimum AC%
![Page 111: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
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Optimum AC%6
4
2
0
45
35
25
% Voids
Stability, %
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
minimum
![Page 112: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
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Optimum AC%6
4
2
0
45
35
25
% Voids
Stability, %
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
minimum
![Page 113: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
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Optimum AC%6
4
2
0
45
35
25
% Voids
Stability, %
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
minimum
![Page 114: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
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Optimum AC%
5.3
6
4
2
0
45
35
25
% Voids
Stability, %
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
minimum
![Page 115: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
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Verify 5.3% AC
![Page 116: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
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Verify 5.3% AC
VMA OK?
![Page 117: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
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Verify 5.3% AC
VMA OK?
![Page 118: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
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Verify 5.3% AC
VMA OK?
VFA OK?
![Page 119: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
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Verify 5.3% AC
VMA OK?
VFA OK?
![Page 120: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
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Verify 5.3% AC
VMA OK?
VFA OK?
Stability OK?
![Page 121: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
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Verify 5.3% AC
VMA OK?
VFA OK?
Stability OK?
![Page 122: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
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Verify 5.3% AC
VMA OK?
VFA OK?
Stability OK?
Moisture Sensitivity OK?
![Page 123: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
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Let’s Pave!
![Page 124: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
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Let’s Pave!
![Page 125: Asphalt 104: An Introduction to Hot Mix Asphalt Materials](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052106/628745a35db9971c710e2445/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
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