Introduction to ASP.NET

OS-Independent Code: Intermediate Languages The trend to support OS-independent binary code is to compile the source code into the binary format of an intermediate language. And to provide an interpreter for the intermediate language on each OS to translate the binary code of the intermediate language into the native binary code of the OS.

OS-Independent Compilation: Intermediate Language

Source Code for Language 1Language 1 Compiler on OS1Intermediate Binary CodeOS1Intermediate Code Interpreter OS1OS2Language 1 Compiler on OS2Binary Code for OS2Binary Code for OS1Intermediate Code Interpreter OS2

.NET OS-Platform-Independence MSIL: Microsoft Intermediate Language

Source Code for Language 1Language 1 Compiler on OS1MSIL CodeOS1MSIL JIT Compiler on OS1OS2Language 1 Compiler on OS2Binary Code for OS2Binary Code for OS1MSIL JIT Compiler on OS2

The Programming Language for .NET: C#C#: (0) C^+^2n; n = 0, 1, 2, => C, C++, C#(1) The most advanced programming language to date(3) OOP (Object-oriented Programming)(4) EDP (Event Driven Programming)(5) Dynamic type generation(6) Platform-independent?: Code runs on any platform with .NET runtime(7) Visual Studio

A Common Language?

.NET Common Language Runtime To make .NET language independent, CLR (Common Language Runtime) is defined as the runtime environment. CLR defines CTS (Common Type System) which should be followed by all languages to be used in the .NET framework. Syntax: int, for, .. Semantics: multiple inheritance is not allowed in CTS The code that follows CTS standard is called managed code.

regular C++ supports multiple inheritancemanaged C++ does not support multiple inheritance

.NET Language-Independence CLR: Common Language Runtime

Source Code for Language 1Language 1 Compiler on OS1MSIL Code Confirming CTS (Managed Code)OS1CLR on OS1OS2Language 2 Compiler on OS2Binary Code for OS2Binary Code for OS1CLR on OS2 Source Code for Language 2

.NET Architecture for Language and Platform Independence(fan-in and fan-out on MSIL)Source Code for Language 1Language 1 Compiler on OS1OS1CLR on OS1OS2Language 2 Compiler on OS2Binary Code for OS2Binary Code for OS1CLR on OS2 Source Code for Language 2MSIL Code Confirming CTS (Managed Code)

CLI (Common Language Infrastructure)CLR/CTS for Everyone?

CLI : Common Language Infrastructure A specification defines an environment for multiple high-level languages to be used on different computer platforms. Created by Microsoft based on .NET, standardized by MS, Intel, HP and others, ratified by ECMA and ISO. .NET is an implementation of CLI for desktop systems. .NET Compact Framework is an implementation of CLI for portable devices. Open Source implementations: Mono development platform (Novell), Portable .NET (dotGNU)

CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) SpecificationOpen Architecture for Language and Platform Independent ProgrammingSource Code for Language 1Language 1 Compiler on OS1OS1CLR for OS1OS2Language 2 Compiler on OS2Binary Code for OS2Binary Code for OS1CLR for OS2 Source Code for Language 2CIL (Common Intermediate Language) Code Confirming CTS (Common Type System)

Even though, CLI/CTS/CLR can make a program written in any language to run on any platform, the entire program (including all libraries used) has to be on the platform before running.

Can we have part of a program on one computer and another part of the same program on another computer?

Distributed Computing. A program is divided into multiple parts and different parts are distribute on different computers.

e.g. virtual surgery.

Web Enabled & Distributed.NET

What is .NET? .Net is a framework for developing OS-platform-independent, programming- language-independent, web-enabled, distributed applications.

.Net is Web-enabled and Distributed To run distributed code on the web, we need a standard way to register the code and a standard way to access the code. Registration:

UDDI Registry: Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration. Access:

SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol WSDL: Web Service DescriptionLanguage

.NET Framework Compositionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework

.NET Framework Compositions Common Language Runtime (CLR ): provides the runtime environment for MSIL code. Framework Class Library (FCL) : provides standard libraries for developing common .Net applications.

.NET runtime environment comes with Windows .NET development environment comes with Visual Studio

OSWeb ServicesDistributedApplications

BrowserAccessibleRemote Applications(ASP.NET)Other Applications(Mobile, ) LocalApplications(Windows Forms or Console Applications).NET Application Types

.Net Framework Class LibrarySystemWindowsForms(GUI)WebData(Database)Enterprise ServicesXML(Data Description)String,UIServicesConnectionDataSetXmlDocumentLanguage Integrated Query, Windows Presentation Foundation, Windows Communication Foundation,

.NET Enterprise Servers Internet Information Services (IIS): web server Commerce Server: e-commerce server SQL Server: database server Exchange Server: MS exchange services Mobile Information Server: wireless server Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server:

firewall, proxy, BizTalk: B2B (Business-to-Business) server

History: .Net & COM : Code Reuse MFC: Microsoft Foundation Class, code reuse within an application (process) COM: Component Object Model, code reuse across applications (processes) DCOM: Distributed COM, code reuse across systems COM+: Internet-based Enterprise COM, code reuse across the Internet .NET: COM+ 2.0, all COM+ services are available in .NET, even those not in managed code, interoperable with COM-based applications

Latest .NET Frameworkhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vstudio/aa496123 Current version: framework 4.5 (08/2012) Framework 4.5 for Windows 8. ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) support in 4.5 on Windows 8 in addition to x86 SIMD (single instruction, multiple data), multi and many core processors (GPUs). Some support through Direct3D. No support yet for SSE (Streaming SIMD Extensions to x86)