Asian Natural

Farming

v 0.4

Gurkan Yeniceri

gurkan.yeniceri@gmail.com

History of Natural Farming

– Natural Farming (NF) was developed by Dr. Cho Han Kyu at the Janong Natural Farming Institute in South Korea

– Intended to change the chemical-based and harmful farming methods

– Promotes respect and care for the environment

– Produces more with less cost and labour

– Utilizes indigenous resources for production

– Natural Farmers believe that the best way to achieve top quality yield is to respect the nature of life.

– Promotes using local and cheap/free resources

Strengths And Benefits

– Environmental friendly

– Allows higher yield

– Low cost

– Produces high brix food

– Farmer friendly

– Non chemical approach

– Promotes soil biology

Nutritive Cycle Theory

– Guides the Natural Farmer on what inputs to apply, how much and how often

– Plants and livestock need different nutrients during different stages of growth

– Utilising resources as they are required

– No waste

– VEGETATIVE GROWTH STAGE

– From seed to first flower

– CROSS-OVER PERIOD

– First flower to visible fruit, pregnant cow

– REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH STAGE

– Maturing the fruit

– DORMANCY STAGE (Added by me)

– A perennial in winter or a cow not milked or a tree pruned heavily to promote new growth

Indigenous Micro-Organisms

IMO

– Meadow, forest, bog

– Sunny, shady

– Wet, dry

– Under certain plants

– Mycorrhiza, bacteria, yeast, mould, nematodes etc.

– Help us to replenish the missing soil organisms

– MAYA = Starter culture for your soil, cheese, yogurt etc. for all your

fermentation

– Help to decompose complex organic compounds

Cultivating IMOs.

IMO1

– Cook rice without oil or salt, it shouldn’t be sticky.

– Find a rattan or wood container about 10cm high in various sizes

– Fill in the container half with rice

– Secure a paper towel on top with rubber bands

– Burry the container in soil at a healthy, wild place

– Burry it only as high as the container so the top is flush with ground

– Cover with leaves, mesh wire etc. and protect from rain

– Depending on the temp, collect the box between 3 to 6 days later

– There will be white mycelium growing on top

Cultivating IMOs

IMO2 and IMO3

– Transfer rice in a clean sterile glass jar by measuring the weight

– Measure equal amount of brown organic sugar

– Mix sugar and rice in the jar leaving 1/4 of the jar empty

– Cover the jar with kitchen towel securing it with a rubber band

– Prepare a rice bran heap on soil about 30-40cm high and cover with an organic material like hay or rice straws so that it doesn’t dry off

– Next day apply the mixture on rice bran diluted to 1:1000 ratio with water to make IMO3. The heap will be %65-70 wet.

– FPJ and FFJ can also be added

Cultivating IMOs

IMO3

– The temp in the heap should not raise above 40-50C

– The temp should not be below 40C

– Adjust the moisture to %65

– It takes about 7 days to finish

– Turn over the heap just like compost to prevent over heating

– When the white mycelium covers the rice brans entirely, it is ready

– Keep the IMO3 in jute bags at a well ventilated dark area.

Cultivating IMOs

IMO4

– 1:1 ratio IMO3 and soil

– Where soil is consisting %50 garden soil and %50 termite nest soil

– Mixing should be done on a soil floor

– Create a heap 20cm high

– Cover the mixture with hay

– Keep moist with FPJ, FFJ, FAA or LAB for 2 days

– This is the final product that can be used directly on soil or combined with double digging (bio-intensive) in the bottom layer for clay soils.

– It should be reapplied every year

– IMO4 can be used on aquaponics systems

Cultivating IMOs

IMO5 - Chris’ Video

– IMO4 with added

– Cow bone powder

– Blood & Bone commercial fertilizer

– Crushed shrimp shells

– Crushed crab shells

– Diatomaceous earth

– BSFL or Meal Worm left over (high in ammonia)

– And ferment for more than a week

Fermented Plant Juice

FPJ

– Plants that are strong against cold and can grow well in spring

– Plants that grow fast and are vigorous

– Pruned tomato suckers

– Thinned-out fruit from fruit trees (young, unripe fruit)

– Avoid days when there is excessive sunshine or rainfall to collect plants

– Collect the ingredients just before sunrise

– Shake off dirt from the Plants but do not wash in water

– Cut them to adequate sizes, about 3 to 5 cm

Fermented Plant Juice

FPJ

– Do not mix different kinds of plants in one container

– Measure the weight of the plant material

– The weight of brown sugar should be half of the plants

– Mix sugar and plants in a glass jar leaving ¼ empty for air exchange

– Osmosis will burst the cells of the plant releasing nutrients

– Cover the jar with paper towel and secure it with rubber band

– To use strain and dilute 1:800 to 1:1000 ratio during germination and early

vegetative growth.

Fermented Plant Juice

FPJ

– Store it in a brown glass or glazed clay container.

– Out of sun

– Should be refrigerated if it is going to be used next year

– FPJ is ready in 5-7 days then strain and store in a cool, dark place

Fermented Fruit Juice

FFJ

– Artificial honey

– Nutritional activation enzyme

– Used to revitalize crops, livestock and humans

– The fruits used must be sweet

– Grape FFJ used only for grapes and citrus FFJ is only for citrus

– Prepare at least 3 fully ripened fruits, don’t mix different fruits

– For 1 Kg of fruit ingredient, use 1.2 to 1.3 Kg of brown sugar in summer and 1Kg

in winter.

Fermented Fruit Juice

FFJ

– Clean and disinfect a jar

– Spread sugar on the chopping board

– Dice your fruit ingredients and quickly put them in the container

– Sprinkle more sugar in the jar and on the chopping board

– Fruits that are difficult to dice may be slightly crunched with masher in the jar

– Cover the top of the fruits in the jar with sugar

– Slowly stir the mixture of diced fruits and sugar, about 2 to 3 times with a

wooden stick

– Cover with a paper towel and secure it with a rubber band

– Let it ferment for 5 to 8 days depending on ambient temperature

Fermented Fruit Juice

FFJ

– Use at cross-over period if fruit used was not ripe

– Acid from FFJs of less ripe fruits is good such as those from Grape, Papaya, Mulberry

or Raspberry. Includes gibberellin hormone

– Use at reproductive growth stage if fruit used was ripe

– FFJs made from fully ripened fruits like apple, banana, mango, papaya, peach, and

grape are useful to supply the calcium demand of crops at this stage

– After the Changeover period of crops, they are applied with FFJ that has been

diluted in 1:1000 ratio in water

– Sprayed to chicken housing, vegetables, orchard for protection against diseases.

Oriental Herbal Nutrient

OHN

– Most expensive KNF prep

– Mixture of edible, aromatic herbs extracted with alcohol and fermented with

brown sugar

– Used to discourage the growth of anaerobic, potentially pathogenic microbes

– Encourage beneficial aerobic microbes in the soil and on plants

– OHN consists of five herbs extracted with liquor and allowed to ferment

separately with the addition of brown sugar

– Herbal extracts are: 1 part garlic, 1 part ginger or turmeric, 1 part liquorice,

1 part cinnamon, 2 parts angelica

– https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/SA-11.pdf

Oriental Herbal Nutrient

OHN

– Foliar spray on plants to repel insects

– Mixed with FPJ and BRV to prevent powdery mildew and downy mildew. Sprayed every 10-12 days on leaves

– As a soil drench to activate dormant soil microorganisms

– As part of a seed-soak solution

– As a prebiotic in poultry and livestock water at 1:1000 diluted – 3 times per week

– You can drink it too

– All stages of the nutritive cycle

Oriental Herbal Nutrient

OHN

– Ginger can be replace with turmeric

– Using both ginger and turmeric at the same time is overkill

– Angelica acutiloba is hard to find; you can use Angelica sinensis

– Dong Quai at Chinese medicine is Angelica Sinensis

– Angelica Archangelica is also commonly available

– Licorice roots available in dry form at Chinese grocery shops

– Mentioned beer/rice wine in the document is a mistranslation. Actually it is makgeolli, a fermented Korean Rice Wine which has more microbiology than the commercial beer. Add kefir whey to beer for same affect

Fish Amino Acid

FAA

– Cut fish into pieces and put in a clay pot or plastic jar

– Meat, bones and guts are okay

– Add brown sugar of an equal amount (1:1 weight ratio)

– Cover the opening of jar with a mosquito net

– The fish will ferment in 7 to 10 days

– Extract the solution and use the liquid to crops at 1:1000 diluted

– FAA is rich with nitrogen. It is good fertilizer for applying both to soil and foliage

– For leafy vegetable, it is possible to use FAA continuously to increase yield and improve taste and fragrance

Fish Amino Acid

FAA

– Mackerel FAA is very effective in getting rid of mites and the green house

whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)

– Keep it in a dark place out of sun

– Use as a foliar spray during the vegetative growth and cross-over stages

– Can be used on aquaponics as a foliar spray

Lactic Acid Bacteria

LAB

– Spare the water after washing the rice

– Put it in a deep jar

– Leave open mouth to ferment at room temperature for 2 days

– Mix rice-wash with 3 times more milk (a tbsp. of kefir would increase diversity)

– Milk should be unhomogenised or preferably raw

– Milk will separate in 3-4 days into 3 distinct layers

– Curds on top

– Clear greenish liquid in the middle

– Some sinking debris at the bottom

Lactic Acid Bacteria

LAB

– Put some chux cloth in a colander and empty the jar

– Make sure you have a bigger cup underneath the colander to catch the whey

– The strained whey is your LAB

– Can be used at 1:1000 diluted on leaves and as soil drench

– Can be mixed with FPJ for a better foliar spray

– Can be mixed with IMO and sprayed on the pastures to increase fertility

– 1:500 LAB and 1:300 FPJ as drinking water for livestock replenishes the digestive

bacteria

Lactic Acid Bacteria

LAB

– used during the vegetative growth period of fruiting vegetables and fruit

– Higher quality plants will result better fruits which will keep for longer periods

in storage

– LAB increases the solubility of the fertilizer

– Using LAB in phosphate-accumulated soil will increase its capacity to absorb the

insoluble form of phosphates and help overcome the saline disorder as a result

of decomposition of the phosphates

– Compost piles can be watered with LAB to speed up the composting

Water Soluble Potassium

WS-K aka WP

– Potassium activates the starch-synthesizing enzyme

– Potassium facilitates the translocation of photosynthate

– Potassium helps to relocate the storage substances in starchy crops

– Potassium content in the leaf decreases rapidly in the fruit enlargement period

because a lot of potassium is translocated to the fruit

– The principal function of potassium is to grow meristematic tissues

– Potassium regulates the plant stomata and water use

– Potassium plays a vital role in cell enlargement

Water Soluble Potassium

WS-K aka WP

– Originally made from Tobacco leaves and stems which makes it illegal in

Australia

– Any nightshade family of plants can be used.

– Spinach, broccoli, cucumber, zucchini and eggplant will work (fruit+plant)

– Put 1 Kg cut plant material in a pillow case

– Dunk it in a 5 litres of water and wait 7 days

– Use 700ml for 20L water and use it as a foliar spray

Water Soluble Phosphoric Acid

WS-PA aka WPA

– Major element of the reproductive body of the plant

– Phosphoric acid is a substance that composes the cell nucleus.

– Phosphoric acid is used for cellular division when it moves to the bud, root tip or seed

– Original recipe is with charred sesame stems but 100g freeze-dried parsley has 548mg phosphorus which in turn can be used

– You need to char the parsley stems, roots in a low oxygen burner like making charcoal. Charred parsley would have Phosphorus pentoxide

– Phosphorus pentoxide when exposed to water i.e. soaked in water turns into phosphoric acid

Water Soluble Phosphoric Acid

WS-PA aka WPA

– Make charcoal out of sesame or parsley stems

– Put 1 Kg of sesame stem charcoal in the cloth bag and dip it in 5 liters of water

– It takes about 7 days for Phosphoric acid to dissolve in water

– Aerate with a blower every second day

– Used during the cross-over period as foliar spray

– It promotes the differentiation of flower buds resulting in high fertility and yield

– Dilute 700ml with 20L water

– 1:1000 WS-PA and 1:1000 WS-Ca can be mixed and used

Water Soluble Calcium

WS-Ca aka WCA

– One of the most common substances in the world next to oxygen

– Calcium carbonate is extracted from egg shells using vinegar

– Calcium prevents crops from overgrowing

– Calcium makes fruits firm and prolongs the storage period

– Maintains the health of the plant

– Calcium carries and accumulates nutrients

– Calcium promotes absorption of phosphoric acid

Water Soluble Calcium

WS-Ca aka WCA

– Collect egg shells. I put them in an oven tray in the oven

– Once you are using the oven for baking, egg shells will roast. This process

removes the organic matter in the shell

– Once roasted, crush them into small pieces and put them in a glass jar

– Pour ACV or normal vinegar on top and watch it bubble

– Once the bubbling finished it is ready

– Strained it from chux cloth and bottle it up.

– Remaining egg shells can be incorporated in worm farm

Water Soluble Calcium

WS-Ca aka WCA

– WS-Ca is used with WS-CaPo, FPJ, OHN and SW for better taste and more aromatic fruits

– It is sprayed on the leaves after the fruits have become large

– The basic dilution ratio is 1:1000

– WS-Ca is very effective in the cross-over period when the growth of crop changes from vegetative to reproductive growth

– WS-Ca leads nutrients to be accumulated in flower buds and fruits

– WS-Ca should not be given when vigorous vegetative growth is needed

– Can be stored at a dark cool place

Water Soluble Calcium Phosphate

WS-CaPo aka WCAP

– WS-CaPo is an essential substance for plant growth

– WS-CaPo is used on plants before and after the cross-over period

– Spray WS-CaPo on leaves during the periods of cross-over and vegetative growth

– Use WS-CaPo when the crop overgrows

– Use WS-CaPo when the initial growth is poor

– Use as drinking water (1:500) for the livestock that are pregnant or ovulating

– Bones after making the bone broth are great for WS-CaPo

– Clean the bones from fat and meat

– Char them completely on BBQ, this will take time

Water Soluble Calcium Phosphate

WS-CaPo aka WCAP

– Crush the charred bones into small pieces

– About 200g charred bones in a clean 2 litres jar

– Add 1 litre of ACV or normal vinegar

– Calcium Phosphate dissolves from the bones into the acidic vinegar

– Once bubbling from bones stopped, it is ready, strain and bottle

– WS-CaPo is diluted 1:500 to 1:1000 ratio water for crops for a foliar spray

Bacterial Mineral Water

BMW

– BMW has abundant minerals and trace elements

– BMW promotes plant growth

– BMW produces mineral-rich crops and improves storability

– BMW deodorizes manure

– Install a circulation pump to increase the BMW concentration

Bacterial Mineral Water

BMW

– Use granite, limestone, basalt, elvan, marble and

other basaltic rocks

– Add IMO4 in a bag

– Water should splash on rocks before trickling into

the container

Brown Rice/Apple Cider Vinegar

BRV/ACV – Chris’ Video

– BRV/ACV in low concentrations facilitates vegetative growth and affects the

initial growth of leaves

– BRV/ACV applied on the leaves to form a wax layer, which creates thicker leaves,

fastens foliation and increases resistance to diseases and insects

– BRV/ACV improves the flexibility of the tree and increases absorption ability

when Natural Farming materials are sprayed

– Due to the activity of the acetic acid bacteria, BRV/ACV has an ability to sterilize

and restrain bacterial growth

– BRV/ACV maximizes the effect of calcium when used with WS-Ca

Brown Rice/Apple Cider Vinegar

BRV/ACV

– For the purpose of sterilizing, use BRV/ACV with a dilution ratio of 1:500 at the

juvenile leaf stage and a ratio of 1:200-1:300 at the adult leaf stage

– BRV/ACV is used for making Soil Ground work, Seed and Seedling Treatment,

treatment of Nutritional Growth Period, Crossover Period and Reproductive

Growth Period

– BRV/ACV is used for making IMO-3, IMO-4 and enriched compost

Yeast

– Apples, hop flowers, grape, wheat, chick pea, rye, stinging nettle, pineapple etc. are naturally attract yeast bacteria. The ones growing on your land are better

– Yeast micro-organism is usually in the genus of Saccharomyces which is used for making bread dough, sour dough, wine, mead etc.

– Different strains work at different pH and alcohol levels

– Once it is active, it should be used immediately to have the maximum affect

– Used as a foliar spray on weak or on plants showing signs of distress because of a virus or disease

– On wind damaged branches

– When humidity is high to prevent fungal diseases (to outcompete mold)

– When livestock lose appetite

Yeast

– Collect your chosen fruit or flower; you can mix them for a greater diversity

– Do not wash them, use as it is

– Prepare a sterilized glass container and put your material in it, crushing it slightly

– Add 5-6 dried raisins to feed the yeast

– Cover with a cheese cloth secured with a rubber band

– If the plant material looks dry add a bit of de-chlorinated water 1:1 ratio or less

– Shake or stir from time to time to prevent surface fungi growth

– Keep the container at 23-25°C and a dark place

– Once it is frothing strain and dilute at 1:1000 ratio and apply quickly on leaves

– Application should be done in the warm evening hours

Sea Water

SW aka SEA

– Ocean water has lots of organisms and minerals

– It is a tonic when diluted and applied to soil

– SW = 33ml sea water mixed with 1L rain water

– If no access to ocean water use celtic sea salt or similar with a ratio of 2g salt to 1L water

– 33ml ocean water mixed with 1L water, 5ml FPJ, rice wash water and 5ml OHN is a skin tonic for humans

– To sweeten fruits. WS-Ca is added to diluted seawater and then the solution is sprayed twice in one month and then 20 days before harvest

Sea Water

SW aka SEA

– To avoid feather loss of chickens in summer, raw ACV (1:200) and WS-Ca (1:500)

is mixed with SW and fed to chickens once every second day

– Greater energy comes out where the sea mixes with fresh water at river mouth.

This edge effect (permaculture) creates abundant food source with planktons

and other small creatures which supports fish and other larger animals in turn.

– River mouths supports more fish than the adjacent sea and river alone. This

affect is what we are trying to replicate.

Seed/Seedling Solution

SSES

– The quality of seeds is very important to the success of farming

– Good seed comes from a healthy plant

– Natural Farming aims to maximize the seed’s strength

– Increased germination rate is our aim

– Conventional method of soaking seeds in water causes to loose nutrients

– SESS prevents nutrient loss and feeds the seed for a better germination

– Use only heirloom seeds and learn to collect and store your own seeds

Seed/Seedling Solution

SSES

– SESS solution is

– 2ml FPJ

– 2ml BRV/ACV

– 1ml OHN

– 1000ml water

– If seedlings are small and weak add 1ml FAA

– If seedlings are overgrown and soft add 1ml WS-Ca for seedling application

Seed/Seedling Solution

SSES

– Duration of treatment applied to type of seed

Type of Seed Duration of treatment

Fast germinating (turnip, cabbage, bean)

2 hours

Intermediate(cucumber, melon, squash, lotus)

4 hours

Slow germinating(rice, barley, tomato)

7 hours

Other(potato, ginger, garlic, taro)

30min to 1 hour

Soil Solution

SOS

– The recipe is for 1 acre (4000sqm)

– 500ml IMO2

– 500ml FPJ

– 500ml OHN

– 500ml ACV

– 300ml LAB

– 300 ml WS-CaPo

– 300ml FAA

– 50Kg charcoal crushed to small pieces

– 3L SW

– 200L rain water

– 1000Kg farm yard manure

Soil Solution

SOS

– The mixture is set aside for 3-5 hours for microorganisms to propagate

– Soil treatment may be done 7 days before seeding or transplanting

– Common practice is to apply the solution three times before or after broadcast

of seeds and then during the middle and later stages of plant growth

– In case the field has repeated cultivation disorder, soil treatment should be

done 14 days before seeding

Fermented Mixed Compost

FMC

– Mixed compost is a very useful Natural Farming input. FMC is quite similar to farm yard manure or ordinary compost, but the quality is completely different

– FMC is very effective in promoting micronutrient absorption

– FMC enhances plant hormone’s effectiveness and in providing vitamins

– Hot and humid weather in between spring and summer is favourable for bacteria to multiply (for Canberra)

– Cool and dry weather between late fall and winter is favourable for fermenting microbes to multiply (FMC pile covered to prevent over wetting)

– In the first stage the fermenting microbes utilize the FMC and adapt to Make the sugars. They can be active without hindrance from bacteria in the season between late fall and winter. This is the reason why FMC should be made in the late fall.

Fermented Mixed Compost

FMC

– The appropriate place for making FMC is some place where little wind and good

drainage is available

– Water availability also is important

– The floor must be soil

– If the floor is made of concrete, it will get wet and cause FMC to decay. This will

reduce the nutrients in it

– There are many variations to FMC but this is the original recipe

Fermented Mixed Compost

FMC

– IMO4 (%10 of total organic material)

– Organic matter (spent coffee grounds, fallen leaves, herbaceous yard waste etc.)

– Rock dust, Diatomaceous Earth, dusted egg shells, oyster shells, kelp powder

– Blood and bone can be sprinkled in layers

– Pile should be on a soil base 1m by 1m

– Pile should be at least 500Kg

– It is difficult to maintain fermentation heat with smaller volumes

– Mix ingredients under a roof or indoors, protected from direct sunlight and rain

Fermented Mixed Compost

FMC

– Heap it to a height of 40 cm when hot and 80 cm when cold weather

– This is to let oxygen get into the material and also to control the temperature

– Adjust moisture level to %60 using FPJ, FAA, OHN at 1:500 diluted

– The matter should be slightly wet to the hand and can barely maintain shape when squeezed

– Cover with rice straw mat to control moisture, temperature and the propagation of FMC

– When temperature reaches 50°C, use a shovel or machine to turn the material over

– Do first turning on 2nd day, second turning on 5th or 6th day and third turning on 8th

or 10th day

Fermented Mixed Compost

FMC

– Do not let the pile go over 70°C to prevent moisture loss with evaporation

– Control moisture level when necessary. Use NF inputs such as FPJ, FAA and all

the other inputs of the NF

– After 20 days, FMC is complete

– A well-made FMC has a sweet smell. If it stinks, it’s not fermented properly; it’s

deteriorating. In worst cases, when you do not turn it over well or gave too

much water, you may even have maggots

– Put FMC in sacks or gunny bags for storage. Keep in cool shade. You can store

FMC for about a year

Fermented Mixed Compost

FMC – How to Use

– FMC is applied to the field 2-3 hours before sunset (avoid hot sun) or on a

cloudy day, in order to prevent strong UV radiation. Ultraviolet rays of the sun

will kill the microorganisms

– It is important to cover FMC with soil right after applying or to put FMC in to the

soil by lightly ploughing with a 1 to 2 inch rotary hoe

– Mulch after application

Aromatic Insect Attractant

AIA

– Slit open the two sides of a PET bottle

– Put in rice wine and FPJ or FFJ diluted 300 times

– Install at the height of the fruits/leaves that moths/butterflies like

– Install it at the beginning of the season and refill as it evaporates

– 4 to 6 PET bottles must be hung according to the size of the tree

Vegetative Growth Stage

Treatment

– Treatment is used to promote vegetative growth and increase the volume and

size of crops

– 1ML OHN

– 2ML ACV

– 1ml FAA

– 1ml WS-Pa

– 2ml FPJ

– 1000ml water

Cross Over Period Treatment

– This treatment is given to supply the demand for phosphoric acid during this stage

– 1ml OHN

– 2ml ACV

– 2ml FPJ from unripe fruit

– 2ml FFJ

– 1ml WS-CaPo

– 1ml WS-PA

– 1ml WS-Ca

– 1000ml water

Reproductive Growth Stage

Treatment

– At this stage, more calcium is required

– 1ml OHN

– 2ml ACV

– 2ml FPJ

– 5ml WS-Ca

– 30ml SW

– 1000ml water

– If growth is weak add 1ml FAA

Dormancy Stage

– Fertilize soil 1 month after first strong freeze

– Tree lost its leaves and dormant

– Don’t apply if soil is frozen or snow covered

– Use WS-K and WS-PA as soil drench at the drip line of the trees and perennial

plants

– Use OHN to wash the tree to prevent fungal diseases

– 4 weeks before the apple flowers use vegetative growth and cross over period

preps with neem oil holistic spray recipe (google it)

Ripeness And Enhanced

Sweetness

– 1ml OHN

– 2ml WS-Ca

– 30ml SW

– 1000ml water

– Spray once every 15 days and 2 days (2 times) before harvesting to promote

sweetness and maturity in the fruits

Crack Prevention in Fruits and

Vegetables

– Fruits crack when rains arrive after a long drought. The following inputs

comprise the treatment to be applied during drought

– 1ml OHN

– 2ml ACV

– 2ml FPJ

– 1ml LAB

– 20ml SW

– 1000ml water

References

– Korean Natural Farming Facebook group

– Some of my experiments continue below

Rooting Hormone + Pest Mgmt

FPJ-RH

– FPJ made with young willow tree shoots and bark

– Releases salicylic acid

– Used as natural rooting hormone

– Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic phytohormone and is found in plants with roles in plant growth and development, photosynthesis, transpiration, ion uptake and transport.[38] SA is involved in endogenous signaling, mediating in plant defense against pathogens.

– Can be used at Dormancy stage as a soil drench and tree wash

– The herb meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) can be used instead

Pest Management

FPJ-PM

– FPJ made with Gaultheria procumbens (wintergreens)

– Releases Methyl salicylate

– Some plants release the same compound when attacked by herbivorous insects

– Apply to leaves and fruit

– FPJ made with any strong aromatic plants like scented geranium, mint,

perennial basil, lemongrass, nasturtium, coriander can be used to fool insects