Asian EFL Journal 2011 conference presentation
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Transcript of Asian EFL Journal 2011 conference presentation
Takeshi SATORyoko UNO
Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Japan
Presentation for Asian EFL International Conference3rd of December, 2011
・What does our native speaker fallacy come from?
・How the native speaker fallacy manifest on their discourse?
Phillipson (1992) designates ‘native speaker fallacy’ as follows:
“[T]he ideal teacher is a native speaker, somebody with native speaker proficiency in English who can serve as a model for pupils.” (p.193)
The notion that the centre variants of English should be the norm for the periphery countries… (Canagarajah 1999).
More opportunities for NNSs to speak English have been increasing with NNSs . (Jenkins 2000).
The ownership of English no longer belongs to NSs (Widdowson 1994)
Native Speakers
Fallacyage
gender
status of English in
their countries Length of
studying English
Previous experience of
staying Anglophone
countries
But, how do we examine their inner thoughts or beliefs?
No statistical relationship between NNSs’ native speaker fallacy and their external
factors
→ their internal factors such as their thoughts or beliefs might be influenced.
Four interviews were conducted
They are
▪ from Sri-Lanka(EOL), Japan(EFL) (without NSF)
▪ and from Italy(EFL) and Hong Kong(EOL) (with NSF)
Obtained 4,549 words
Found metaphorical expressions as to (learning) English based on conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson 1980)
“Metaphor is a device for seeing something in terms of something else.”
(Burke, 1945 from Cameron 2010. p. 3)
• travelers
• obstacles
• destination
source domain:
journey
• lovers
• difficulties
• goal
target domain:
love
Mapping
Ex. We can't turn back now.
What kinds of metaphors do NNSs use?
What kind of belief toward English is reflected in their metaphors?
4 types of the metaphorical expressions were found from the data of those with native speaker fallacy.
...not everybody has high standard of proficiency, so…
I still need something that I need more vocabulary…
I still do not understand the way, it's quite long for me to achieve…include Standard of English.
...you can move upwards in the society. It is not a kind of lingua franca in Hong Kong.
NNSs need more skills
Native speaker competence
as a goal / skill / certificate
Long journey to achieve
• certificate
• skill
• status
• journey
Source domain
• (Learning) English
Target domain
ICM
NNSs with native speakers fallacy have ICM(Lakoff, 1987)
Native Speaker Fallacy may come not so much from external factors as from the thought or belief toward English or Native speakers
This might give us some implications of our instruction.
Cameron, L., & Maslen, R. (2010) Metaphor Analysis: research practice in applied linguistics, social sciences and the humanities. London: Equinox Publishing.
Canagarajah, S. (1999) Interrogating the ‘Native Speaker Fallacy’: Non-Linguistic Roots, Non-Pedagogical Results. In Braine, G.(ed.) Non-Native Educators in English Language Teaching. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Ellis, R. (2008) Learner Beliefs and Language Learning. Asian EFL Journal,10(4). p.7-25
Jenkins, J. (2000) The phonology of English as an International Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lakoff, G. (1987) Woman, fire and dangerous thing. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980) Metaphor we live by. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Quirk, R. (1990) Language varieties and standard language. English Today 21. Sato, T., & Suzuki, A. (2007) Diagnosing Factors of the Preference for Center
Variants of English in English as a Lingua Franca Settings. The Journal of English as an International Language. 2. p.50-64.
Widdowson,H,G. (1994) The Ownership of English. TESOL Quarterly 28(2), 377-389.