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Transcript of Asian Architecture Research Paper
STUDY OF GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES IN GANENDRA ART HOUSE,PJ FOR ACHIEVING
SUSTAINABILITY.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ASIAN ARCHITECTURE (ARC 2213/2234)PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY
Study Of Green Building Strategies In
Ganendra Art House,PJ
For Achieving Sustainability.
NAME : TAN WEN YEE STUDENT ID : 0315155
TUTOR : MS.SHAHRIANNE SUBMISSION DATE : 9 June 2015
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STUDY OF GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES IN GANENDRA ART HOUSE,PJ FOR ACHIEVING
SUSTAINABILITY.
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Table of Contents Page
Abstract........................................................................................................................1
1.0 Introduction.......................................................................................................2
2.0 Green Building & GBI ......................................................................................4
3.0 Green Building Strategies....................................................................................5
3.1 Energy Efficiency……………………..…………………………………………………………….5
3.2 Water Efficiency…………………………….……………………………………………………..12
3.3 Materials…………………………………………..………………………………………………....13
3.4 Bioswales…………………………………………………………………………………………....14
4.0 Green Building Strategies bring Sustainability…………………………………15
5.0 Environmental issues…………………………………………………………….….17
6.0 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….18
7.0 Reference………………………………………………………………………………………..….19
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ABSTRACT
Malaysia is allegedly in the midst of a ‘Green Building Revolution’, powered by the
awarding of ratings to architects who build sustainable buildings. The term ‘Green
Building’ has slowly becoming a new trend in architecture world and it is often related to
‘sustainability’. Strategies of achieving sustainability act as a very important consideration
in almost every building nowadays, in which to reduce the negative impact to our
environment by implementing green building strategies. The focus of this research paper
is to explore the desirable strategies that advocated by Ganendra Art House to create a
sustainable built environment that minimizes impact to ecology, at the same time,
improves human health and cost saving. In order to validate the research, various
literature reviews regarding green building and its strategies were conducted to enhance
the process. This building is the second project to receive a final certification from GBI
under the RNC category and sixth project overall, in Malaysia. Ganendra Art House is also
the first building that presents the unique green features such as wind chimney and
bioswales in that region. Thus this paper will aim on the green building strategies which
based on GBI system that lead to sustainability which including energy efficiency
(building orientation and envelope, renewable energy), water efficiency, the materials
(recycled and green material) being used and also the special features in this building.
The features of each category that the architect adapted in this building and the effect will
be discussed in this paper too. A more thorough analysis of Ganendra Art house shows
that the importance of adaptation of green building strategies in this building will help to
reduce pollution, environmental degradation and also to conserve minerals and resources
on Earth. Last but not least, full utilization of green building strategies in the building will
help to sustain the environment and the building itself.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Ganendra Art House is a tangible symbol of the clients’ commitment to innovation,
sustainability and design. The space provides an inspired backdrop for showcasing an
eclectic range of art and design exhibitions, education programs and events, creating a
contemporary and accessible arena for contemporary art, and platform for cultural
encounter. The building is at the forefront of architectural style, boasting effective and
affordable design. The Ganendra Art House is the first space of its kind in the region and it
was designed by award-winning architect, Ken Yeang, act as an exhibition space that
embraces aesthetic and conceptual distinction, in line with contemporary art thought. It
also accommodates living and work spaces for artists and management who live on
premise.
The Ganendra Art house (one of the green buildings in Malaysia) is the first building to
present unique green building features such as wind chimney, bioswales in that region.
The architect has also adopted different green building strategies in this building.
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It is the second project to receive a final certification from GBI under the RNC category
and sixth project overall, in Malaysia.
This research paper aims to identify and analyze the green building strategies that were
implemented by the architect of Ganendra Art House in order to achieve sustainability in
which to reduce negative impact to the environment. This topic will be further explored by
responding to the following research questions :
Question 1 : What are 'Green Building' & GBI rating system?
Question 2 : What are the green building strategies that are applied on Ganendra Art
House?
Question 3 : How does the green building strategies bring sustainability to
the building?
Question 4 : What is the environment issues that green building strategies will help to
improve?
Question 5 : What are the other features of this building that will lead to sustainability?
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2.0 GREEN BUILDING & GBI
Green Building is a new trend that leads us to a better future by improving
sustainability in a building yet still constituting a subset of existing building. The
numbers of Green Building are increasing rapidly in Malaysia due to the environmental
issue. In contrast to conventional building, "Green Building" design and construction
seek for an opportunity to use resources more efficiently, while creating healthier and
more energy-efficient homes and commercial buildings, while a successful green
buildings will leave a lighter footprint on the environment through conservation of
resources, at the same time balancing energy-efficient, cost-effective, low-maintenance
products for construction needs. In other words, green-building design involves finding
the delicate balance between homebuilding and a sustainable environment.
GBI is an environmental rating system for buildings developed by PAM and ACEM. It
is developed specifically for the Malaysian tropical weather, environmental context,
culture and social needs. GBI is created to define green buildings by establishing a
common language and standard of measurement, to recognize and reward
environmental leadership. Last but not least, transform the built environment to reduce
its environmental impact and ensure new buildings remain relevant in the future and
existing buildings. It is Malaysia’s first comprehensive rating system to evaluate the
environmental design and performance of Malaysian Building based on 6 key criteria:
Energy Efficiency (EE), Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ), Sustainable Site Planning &
Management (SM), Material & Resources (MR), Water Efficiency (WE), and Innovation
(IN).
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3.0 GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES
3.1 Energy Efficiency
Building Orientation
Ganendra Art House has adopted few green building strategies in order to achieve
sustainability without causing much environmental impact to the surrounding. One of
the green building strategies that were being applied by the architect in this building is
energy efficiency. It is achieved by optimizing the building orientation, making it more
comfortable to live in with less energy consumption. A well- orientated building
maximizes day-lighting and wind through the facades, reducing the need for artificial
lighting and air-conditioning.
The building configuration of Ganendra Art House is oriented based on the location’s
solar path north and south. As result, the front and back of the house is aligned while the
west hot sides faces the main noisy road. Besides, the generally open layout plan takes
into consideration the clients’ requirements for organic interaction between the various
spaces. All the spaces in this building are orientated to meet the aim and purposes
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respectively.
a) Entrance porch b)Bedroom
c) Kitchen d)Bathroom
The entrance porch in Ganendra Art house is facing north while the bedrooms and
bathrooms face the south that gives minimum exposure to the sun and therefore it is
more cooling compared to the other spaces. The rooms most used is better to be placed
on the side of the house that is orientated towards the sun such as, the kitchen is placed
at the west side, and it has minimum window openings to reduce solar heat gain from
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the west setting sun.
Other than that, the central courtyard, patios and study room face the east. West sun
is always hotter than east sun. The courtyard is shaded from the sun in the afternoon
and has a comfortable microclimate zone within the site, thus making it a good place to
chill and hang around.
Building Envelope
The building envelope is the physical separator between the interior and exterior of a
building such as wall, windows, door, floors and roof. A well-designed envelope will
respond to the local climate, for example the Ganendra Art House.
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Photo (h) : Light grey façade of Ganendra Art House
The external finish of the building is light grey cement render. This light colour further
reduces heat gain by reflecting up to 50% of solar radiation, thus providing more
comfort to the users in the building.
The sound insulation property of hollow brick is better than a normal brick. For this
reason, the walls for west facing external walls are hollow bricks with double sand
bricks because the west side of the building faces the main noisy road as mentioned
above. Besides, the factor of safety for a hollow brick wall is also better than the normal
brick, as it is a better thermal insulator due to the presence of air in hollow units.
Photo (i)&(j):
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Photo (k)&(l)&(m) : Sun-shading slabs and float glass windows
Photo (i)&(j):
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The majority of the building’s windows have minimal openings with insect netting or
float glass windows. The main sliding door openings have grills with insect netting to
enhance natural ventilation and reduce solar heat gain at all times. The opening at
gallery on ground floor and first floor along with the placement of windows and doors
on opposite walls encourages cross ventilation in this building. Partial stack ventilation
is incorporated at these spaces via high and low openings in the external walls inlets,
designed to be as low as possible to provide airflow at occupants level. All window
openings and doors have vertical or horizontal concrete sun-shading slabs that extend
450mm from the wall, it helps to reduce glare to the internal spaces.
Roof insulation is the most practical and cost effective way to make the building more
energy efficient. Since the greatest amount of heat enters low -rise buildings through the
roof, 80% of the roof in Ganendra Art house is covered with Onduline roofing material
(made from cellulose bitumen) with roof insulation.
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Renewable Energy
Photo(n)&diagram(a): Wind Chimney
Renewable energy systems can be used to supplement or eliminate traditional
heating, cooling, and electrical systems through the utilization of this natural energy.
Ganendra Art House has an innovative ‘wind chimney’ similar to the ventilating
chimneys used in the Middle-East, but it has never been used before in Malaysia. The
shaft consists of 360 degree openings at top to catch wind from all directions and is
internally partitioned to channel the wind down the shaft, with directed flow into the
spaces below. Besides, the extent of wind flow is manually controlled by operable glass
louvers at the base of the shaft.
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Photo(o): View of wind chimney from the inside of the building
The ‘wind chimney’ is located within the main gallery and it is designed to function as
a down-draft shaft to channel the wind from the upper parts of the site at the roof level,
channeling the external wind down the shaft to the gallery spaces below to provide
comfort cooling and natural ventilation. Other than that, the wind chimney’s openings’
orientations were initially configured based on the prevailing wind directions from a
general wind rose for the locality. Temperature analysis & airflow distribution data were
calculated from the air velocity analysis, and therefore the results of these simulations
and models were used to re-design the wind chimney and to enhance its performance as
a ventilating device. Lastly, the post construction measurements will be carried out to
verify the effectiveness of the device.
3.2 Water Efficiency
Water acts as a very important element to a building and its user, and water usage in
another way is also connected to energy consumption as treating wastewater and
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SUSTAINABILITY.
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heating water consume significant energy too, therefore reduction of water use can be
used as a strategy to reduce a building’s carbon and energy footprint.
Ganendra Art House uses water efficient water closets, shower heads, basin taps and
kitchen taps in order to minimize the usage of water in the building over a period of
time. Study shows that a flow rate of 2 litres/min at the wash basin taps in staff and
public toilets is sufficient for normal washing purpose. The lower flow rate will help to
reduce water consumption and save on the water bills. Ganendra Art House has installed
sensor taps with a flow rate of 2 litres/min and these taps also cut off water supply
when the hands are removed from under the tap, or when the preset timing of 30 or 60
seconds is reached, whichever is earlier.
Photo(p): Vegetation on site
Other than water fitting, water efficient landscaping is also one of the features that
being used in Ganendra Art House. In Malaysia, most of the water consumption
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contributes to outdoor (landscaping&vegetation) but it is different in this building, all
trees and shrubs that used for landscaping are native plants that require no artificial
irrigations, therefore decreases water usage in the building.
3.3 Materials
The usage of recycled materials and green materials represent one important strategy
in the design of a building as it promotes conservation of dwindling nonrenewable
resources. These materials are environmentally responsible because the impacts are
considered over the life of the product.
Using locally produced building materials shortens transport distances, thus reducing
air pollution produced by vehicles. Often, local materials are better suited to climatic
conditions, and these purchases support area economies. Hence, in Ganendra Art House,
no imported building materials or products were used. All building materials or
products depicted below have been extracted, harvested, or recovered as well as
manufactured within 500km form the project site.
Moreover, the re-bars and broken concrete blocks recovered from the demolishing of
existing building were retained for use in the construction of hand-rails. In addition, all
timber used for formworks and temporary works were re-cycled from the previous
projects undertaken by the Contractor. This can help to reduce the waste stream and the
demand on virgin natural resources.
Green materials that considered as environmentally benign materials are also used in
Ganendra Art House. VOCs are unstable, carbon-containing compounds that readily
vaporize into the air. When they enter the air, they react with other elements to produce
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ozone, which causes air pollution and a host of health issues including breathing
problems, headache, burning, watery eyes, nausea, and even cancer, thus low volatile
organic compound (VOC) paints are used for all internal walls in this building, so that
the indoor environmental quality remains. Additionally, the floors also have cement
render finish with a groove line patterns throughout. (there are no carpeted nor wooden
floors.) In order to reduce and eliminate the usage of toxic materials, no added urea
formaldehyde products, VOC adhesives or sealants were used in this building.
3.5 Bioswales (special green feature)
Diagram(b): Typical bioswale (http://imgbuddy.com/bioswale-diagram.asp)
Bioswales are sustainable drainage devices used here to remove silt and pollution
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from surface water run-offs and to return surface water back into the ground to
recharge the groundwater and to enable the rainfall that falls on the land to remain on
the land and not drain away. This swaled drainage course has gently sloped sides that
are typically covered with vegetation. There are four bioswales located at the corners of
the Ganendra Art House. A connected sub-soil drainage system is located at the
courtyard, at the front driveway and at the entrance porch to expedite the absorbtion of
rainwater back into the local aquifer.
4.0 Green Building Strategies brings Sustainability
Sustainable design is a design ideology, which harbors the notion of sustainable
human and societal development. Sustainability can be defined in various ways. Every
individual will approach the issue of sustainability in a different manner depending
upon various factors, such as, sustainability goals, background, awareness, and economic
conditions. Sustainability is to ensure that our action today does not prohibit
opportunity of development to the future generation, in terms of resources. One of the
key aspects in sustainability is sustainable construction. Sustainable construction
practices are such that they are based on ecological principles, with no environmental
impacts, have a closed material loop, and have full integration into the landscape after
the service life of the structure is over. The concept of green buildings is the measure of
our efforts in attaining that idealistic sustainable construction practices.
The application of green building strategies on Ganendra Art House has successfully
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brings sustainability to itself and the environment as it minimizes the consumption of
active energy in the building, and optimizes passive energy, such as natural ventilation
and day lighting. Energy efficiency is one of the most important goals in terms of
sustainability, it is fully utilized in this building through materials, components and
different systems, including renewable energy. Indeed, sustainability not only cost
efficient but also allowed building to become a part of the environment, rather than stick
out from it.
All the natural resources around the world are having a crisis now as they are facing
depletion problem due to the rapid economic development and poor management. They
have had large destructive impact on the environment compared to 10 years ago. With
the aid of green building strategies, Ganendra Art House minimizes the usage of
nonrenewable energy for example air-conditioning, therefore reducing the usage of
energy and minerals that we need in that system. The implementation of green building
strategies in Ganendra Art house has help to conserve the minerals and other resources
on Earth indirectly and also to protect the biodiversity and ecosystem because ‘go green
‘ means to sustain the environment without disrupting natural habitat around it, small
disruption can also make an impact to the environment that will be much like a butterfly
effect, resulting worst outcome.
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5.0 Environmental Issues
The design, construction and maintenance of buildings have a tremendous impact on
our environment. The building sector is a significant contributor to air pollution and the
pollutants that cause climate change. The challenge then becomes to build smart so that
buildings use a minimum of nonrenewable energy, and produce minimal pollution, while
increasing the comfort, health, and safety of the people who work there, Obviously,
green building is the answer for this problem.
A carbon footprint is defined as total sets of greenhouse gas emissions caused by
organization, event, product or person, and it is the main factor to global warming,
greenhouse effect and other natural occurrences. Ganendra Art House uses green
building strategies to reduce the carbon footprint to the surrounding because the usage
of active energy in this building is minimized, thus releasing less carbon to surrounding
that cause environmental issue.
Moreover, non-toxic materials such as low VOC paints are used in this building too,
which causes less pollution, improves the air quality and helps to maintain the health of
occupants in the building in a long term. Environmental degradation is one of the largest
threats that happened to our earth today. However, the application of green building
strategies in this building will help to minimize this issue, as this green building
produces less waste, and cause less pollution, therefore indirectly it helps to maintain
the biodiversity of ecosystem on our earth.
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6.0 Conclusion
In conclusion, Ganendra Art House has managed to apply green building architecture
into the design of the building by applying green building strategies efficiently. There
are many considerations when it comes to building a green building and maximize all
the strategies in it. For Ganendra Art House, as for this report, it focuses on the green
building strategies such as energy efficiency, water efficiency, and different types of
materials. By maximizing the usage of the strategies, it will be able to contribute to
the sustainability of the building as it decreases the amount of active energy system in
the building. Besides, it will also help to minimize the environmental issues such as
pollution to our earth and maintain the biodiversity of ecosystem. Lastly, as this
research reveals the ways and benefits in achieving green building in a sustainable
way, it can serve as a reference for future designers or owners when they consider to
construct a sustainable green building.
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Reference
1.Paola Sassi (2006). Strategies for Sustainable Architecture. New York : Taylor and Francis , pp 143-272 2.Francis D.K. Ching, Ian M.Shapiro (2014). Green Building Illustrated : Wiley
3.Michael Bauer, Peter Mosle, and Michael Schwarz (2009). Green Building :Guidebook for sustainable Architecture : Springer 4.What is a Green Building? : Governor’s Green Government Council. Retrieved 27 April 2015,from http://www.epa.gov/statelocalclimate/documents/pdf/ 12_8_what_is_green_GGGC.pdf
5.Ali, H. H., & Al Nsairat, S. F. (2009). Developing a green building assessment tool for developing countries –Case of Jordan. Building and Environment ,44:5, 1053-1064.
6. Betzwood Associates PC (2011). Do Green Homes Cost More to Build than Regular Houses.Company Website 2014. Accessed June 2014.
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