Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the Recession and Recovery 2011 EARN Conference
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Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the Recession and Recovery 2011 EARN Conference September 14, 2011 Nicole Woo [email protected] Center for Economic and Policy Research www.cepr.net
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Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the Recession and Recovery 2011 EARN Conference September 14, 2011 Nicole Woo [email protected] Center for Economic and Policy Research www.cepr.net. Diversity and Change: Asian American and Pacific Islander Workers. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the Recession and Recovery 2011 EARN Conference
Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in theRecession and Recovery
2011 EARN ConferenceSeptember 14, 2011
Nicole [email protected]
Center for Economic and Policy Researchwww.cepr.net
Diversity and Change:Asian American and Pacific Islander Workers
• About 7.4 million AAPI workers in the United States• About 7.1 million Asian Americans• About 300,000 Pacific Islanders• 5.3% of the total U.S. workforce
• AAPI workforce is almost 20 times larger than in 1960. • The share of AAPIs in the total workforce is about 10
times larger than in 1960.
Historical Categorization of Asian American and Pacific Islanders in Major U.S. Government Surveys
AAPIs as Share of Workforce, 1960-2009
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2009 20100
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
3 AAPI categories:ChineseJapaneseFilipino
Other AAPIs, includ-ing Asian Indians, were classified as “Other”
5 AAPI categories:ChineseJapaneseFilipinoKorean(In Alaska: Aleut)Hawaiian(In Alaska: Eskimo)
Asian Indianswere classfied as“White”
8 “Asian Pacific Islander (API)” categories:ChineseJapaneseFilipinoKoreanAsian IndianVietnameseHawaiianOther API
11 “Asian” categories:ChineseTaiwaneseJapaneseFilipinoAsian IndianKoreanVietnameseCambodian HmongLaotianThai
8 “Other Asian” categories:BangladeshiBurmeseIndonesianMalayanOkinawanPakistaniSri LankanAll other Asian
12 “Pacific Islander”categories:HawaiianSamoanTahitianTonganOther PolynesianGuamanianNorthern Mariana IslanderPalauanOther MicronesianFijianOther MelanesianPacific Islander n.s.
200020 “Asian” categoriesChinese, Taiwanese, Japanese, Filipino, Asian Indian, Korean, Vietnamese, Cambo-dian, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, Bangladeshi, In-donesian, Malaysian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Other specified Asian, Asian (not specified), All combination of Asian races, Two or more races
10 “Native Hawaiian and Other PacificIslander” categoriesNative Hawaiian, Samoan, Tongan, Other Polynesian, Guamanian/Chamorro, Other Micronesian, Melanesian, Other Na-tive Hawaiian and Pa-cific Islander, Some other race, Two or more races (Detailed mixed categories were also made available)
Decennial Census PUMS (Public Use Microdata Samples), 1960-2000
ACS (Ameri-can Com-
munity Sur-vey), 2005-
2009
2005Same as 2000 PUMs categories for all AAPIs, ex-cept for the ex-clusion of the “Taiwanese” category
Places of Residence and Birth:Asian American and Pacific Islander Workers
• The most AAPI workers are in California (almost 2.4 million)
• Followed by New York (781,000), Texas (450,000), Hawaii (376,000), and New Jersey (353,000)
• 3/4 of AAPI workers were born outside the U.S. • Pacific Islanders are much more likely than Asian
Americans to have been born in the United States. • Over 7-in-10 AAPI workers are U.S. citizens.
Top 20 States of Residence for AAPI WorkersAges 16+, 2009
Distribution of AAPI Workers, by State, in Thousands, Ages 16+, 2009
Immigrant AAPI Workers as Share of AAPI Workforce, by EthnicityAges 16+, 2009
U.S. Citizen AAPI Workers as Share of AAPI Workforce, by EthnicityAges 16+, 2009
Top 20 Countries of Birth for AAPI WorkersAges 16+, 2009
Sri Lanka
Nepal
Malaysia
Indonesia
Guyana
Myanmar
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Thailand
Laos
Hong Kong
Pakistan
Japan
Taiwan
Korea
Vietnam
China
India
Philippines
United States
0 5 10 15 20 25
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.6
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.6
2.0
2.0
2.4
3.1
7.2
9.6
10.3
13.6
15.0
23.3
Percent
Unemployment Rateby Race/Ethnicity, 2006-2010
Source: Authors' analysis of CPS ORG
Unemployment Rate, AAPI Workers
by Ethnicity, Ages 16+, 2009
LatinoBlackWhiteAAPI
Guamanian, ChamorroOther NH or PI
MelanesianNative Hawaiian
Other MicronesianTwo or more races
Other PolynesianTongan
SamoanPACIFIC ISLANDER
MalaysianJapanese
IndonesianThai
Asian IndianChineseFilipinoKorean
Sri LankanCombination of Asian
VietnameseTwo or more races
PakistaniCambodian
BangladeshiHmongLaotian
ASIAN AMERICAN
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
1216.3
8.58
8.89.2
11.111.411.6
12.112.3
17.117.8
12.5
2.74.5
6.677.17.1
7.47.7
88.1
99.3
9.910.4
11.811.9
13.77.8
Percent
Percent Change in Median Annual Household Income by Race/Ethnicity, 2006-2009
Source: Authors' analysis of March Current Population Survey (CPS)
Income and Inequality:Asian American and Pacific Islander Workers
• Earnings inequality is higher for AAPI workers than it is for workers from other racial and ethnic groups.
• The ratio of a high-paid to a low-paid AAPI worker is about 6-to-1, compared to about 5-to-1 for whites, blacks, and Latinos.
Annual Earnings of Full-Time, Full-Year AAPI Workers
by Selected Wage Percentiles and Ethnicity, Ages 16+, 2009
Workers in Povertyby Major Racial/Ethnic Groups, Ages 16+, 1989-2010
Health Insurance Coverage:Asian American and Pacific Islander Workers
• The share of AAPI workers without health insurance is higher than it is for whites (but below rates for blacks and Latinos)
• About 1/4 of Bangladeshis, Pakistanis, and Tongans lack health insurance.
• Employer-provided health coverage fell for AAPI workers from about 7-in-10 in 1989 to close to 6-in-10 in 2009.
Workers with Employer Provided Health CoverageAAPI and White, Ages 16-64, 1989-2010
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
50
60
70
80
90
100Pe
rcen
t of W
orke
rs
AAPI
White
Unionization Rates, by Major Racial/Ethnic GroupsAges 16+, 1989-2010
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
10
20
30
Black White
AAPI Latino
Perc
ent
Diversity and Change: Asian American and Pacific Islander Workers
To be released July 25, 2011. www.cepr.net/documents/publications/aapi-2011-07.pdf
Unions and Upward Mobility for Asian American and Pacific Islander Workers
January 2011. www.cepr.net/index.php/publications/reports/unions-and-upward-mobility-for-asian-american-and-pacific-islander-workers.
November 2009. www.cepr.net/index.php/publications/reports/unions-apa
Asian Pacific American Women Workers and Unions (issue brief)
August 2010. www.cepr.net/documents/publications/unions-apa-women.pdf
Unions and Upward Mobility for Immigrant Workers
March 2010. www.cepr.net/index.php/publications/reports/unions-upward-mobility-immigrant-workers
The Changing Face of Labor, 1983-2008
November 2009. www.cepr.net/index.php/publications/reports/changing-face-of-labor
CEPR’s Research on AAPI Workers
Special thanks to my co-authors, John Schmitt and Hye Jin Rho of CEPR, and Kent Wong and Lucia Lin of UCLA.
Nicole [email protected]
Center for Economic and Policy Researchwww.cepr.net
