Integrated Crop Managementand Climate Change

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Patancheru- 502 324, Telangana, India

Mamta Sharma On Behalf of Colleagues from ICM

Research Program Asia

Regional Planning Meeting, 4-5 May, 2016, ICRISAT, Patancheru

An Overview

Yield loss

Oerke 2006

ICM@ ICRISAT

Host plant resistance (HPR)

Pathogen/pest virulence spectrum

Mechanism of host x pathogen/pest interaction

Biological control

Climate change & emerging diseases/pests

Major Areas of R &D

Major Diseases and Pests

Chickpea Pigeonpea

Fusarium wilt Fusarium wilt

Dry root rot SMD

Collar rot Phytophthora blight

Ascochyta blight Helicoverpa

BGM

Helicoverpa,

Spodoptera, Maruca

Maruca

Sorghum

Leaf Blight

Downy mildew

Charcoal rot

Shoot fly

Stem borer

Pearl Millet

Downy mildew

Blast

Rust

Strategy and Approach

Etiology, Biology and Epidemiology

Role of climate variablesHost Plant Resistance

Monitoring virulence diversity Identification of resistant sources

Breeding and germplasm

- Standardization of screening protocols

Molecular/geneticPathogenic

Field Controlled environment

Field survey Disease nurseriesHost differential

Specific/multiple Pathotypes

Multi–location and multi-year

evaluation (G x E interaction)

Stability of resistance - multi-location

Virulence pattern

Evolution of new races/pathotypes

Characterization and establishment

of new pathotypes

Development of markers/sequencingOn farm demonstrations in

integration with other

management approaches

Phenotyping Facilities @ Pathology

Chickpea wilt sick-plot Pigeonpea wilt & SMD sick-plot

Growth room for AB & BGM Green house for PB

Phenotyping Facilities @ Pathology

Greenhouse screeningField screening

Pearl millet downy mildew screening

Field screening of sorghum diseases

Sprinklers to facilitate grain mold/anthracnoseWhorl inoculation for

anthracnose/leaf blight

Toothpick inoculation for

charcoal rot

Phenotyping Facilities @ Entomology & IPM

Insect Rearing, Bioassays, Biochemical Mechanisms, HNPV Production

Climate change facilities @

ICRISAT

Current Project Portfolio @ICM

Project # 1 : CoE on Climate change Research

and plant protection (Donor: DST, Climate Change Programme)

Shift in the geographical distribution

Changes in the physiology of host

Changes in the rate of development

More rapid development

Increased transmission and dispersal

More virulent forms

Vulnerability of present day host cultivars

How climate change will impact pests and diseases ?

Objective 1. Predict and map potential changes in relative abundance and geographical distribution of

insect-pests and diseases in grain legumes

Objective 2. Standardize techniques to study insect-pest/pathogen × host plant × environment

interactions

Objective 3. Study biochemical, molecular,genetic interactions between pathogens/ pests × host plant ×environment in relation to expression of resistance to the target diseases and pests

Objective 4. Capacity building for undertaking research on the effect of climate change on crop protection

PHASE I

Team: ICM (Pathology, Entomology)

Project # 1 :CoE on Climate change and plant

protection

PHASE II

Pest and disease management for climate change adaption

National Network on Climate change and Agriculture

Major Objectives

To assess the impacts of climaticvariability on major pests of variousagro-climatic zones of India

To generate strategic knowledge forclimate change adaptation andmitigation for pests and diseases usingfield and simulation studies

To improve capacity of stakeholders &develop a framework for disseminationof climate resilient technologies relatedto pest and diseases

Emerging diseases of significance

Blast PB Collar rot

Mealy bug

Aphid

Team: ICM (Pathology, Entomology, Crop Improvement, Agro-climatologist}

Macrophomina/Rhizoctonia bataticola

Vulnerability to Climate change: A sub-regional analysis of socio-economic and agriculture sectors in South India

(Short-term project)

Objectives:• To assess and identify most vulnerable districts in the state • To identify and prioritize drivers of vulnerability at different

scales • To identify adaptive interventions to address the vulnerability

Outcome:

• Secondary data –Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra collected and analysed

• Research article on Vulnerability to Climate change: A sub-regional analysis of socio-economic and agriculture sectors in South India

Team: KVR, DMS

Project # 2 :

Pigeonpea Projects

Addressing Phytophthora Blight Disease: An Emerging Threat to

Pigeonpea Expansion and Production (Donor: DAC-NFSM, GoI)

Major objectives:

Identify pigeonpea genotypes with resistance to PB of pigeonpea

Evaluate PB resistant genotypes at multi-locations and farmers’ fields

Technology exchange/capacity building in management of PB

Outputs:

Pathotype scenario of Phytophthora cajani in India known.

Screening techniques (greenhouse and field) for identification of resistant sources

for PB in pigeonpea developed.

PB resistant lines identified as donor for use in the breeding program.

Information on PB research generated and shared with NARS institutes

Partners:

SAUs

BHU,

RAKCA,

PAU

Team: MS, RG, CVS, NARS

Pearl Millet & Sorghum Projects

# 1. Genetic analysis of blast resistance in pearl millet (Pennisetumglaucum L. R. Br.) (Donor: Dryland Cereals Competitive Grants 2015)

Major objectives: Study inheritance and nature of resistance using

the crosses made at IARI Characterization of virulence diversity among M.

grisea isolates collected from Delhi and adjoiningareas

#2. Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Spottedstem borer, Chilo partellus in sorghum (Donor: SERB)

Major objectives: Identification of secondary metabolites influencing

antixenosis for oviposition, survival and development ofthe stem borer

Transcriptomic analysis of secondary metabolitesfollowing insect damage to identify molecular markersassociated with expression of resistance to C. partellus.

[Team: RS, SKG]

[Team: SV, HCS]

Compatibility of well demonstrated and documented PGP actinomycetes and further evaluation on vegetable crops under field conditions

Commercialization of sweet sorghum as a complimentary feedstock for ethanol production in the sugar mills of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.

Characterization of cellulose degrading

microbes.

Evaluation by large scale studies under field

conditions.

Value addition (with PGPR)

Mass multiplication and formulation.

Evaluation on promising actinomycetes on ICRISAT mandate crops and vegetables crops

Team: SGK, AAK, IDC

An insight of actinobacteria and nodulating rhizobium possessing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase on salinity tolerance of chickpea

Assessment of actinomycetes as tripartite agent: Biocontrol of BGM, HPR

enhancer and growth promoter on chickpea Cicer arietinum L.).

Mechanism of zinc solubilizing actinobacteria in vitro conditions.

Evaluation for host plant resistance - antioxidant enzyme, phenolic profiling and histochemicalstudies

Partial purification of secondary metabolites.

Isolation of actinobacteria and rhizobium possessing ACC deaminase activity.

Team: SGK, MS, AS, RV, PMG, SS

Young Scientist Projects

Identification and evaluation of Helicoverpa armigera induced plant volatiles incultigen & wild relatives of pigeonpea for increasing the effectiveness of theparasitoid Campoletis chlorideae for pest management (Donor: SERB)

• The identification of morphological and biochemical traits in pigeonpea forattraction of Helicoverpa and its larval parasitoid, Campoletis. chlorideae.

• Olfactometer bioassay with air entrained volatiles from pigeonpea and synthetickairomone blends to H. armigera and C. chlorideae

Major objectives:

Addressing the collar rot disease (S. rolfsii Sacc.), an emerging threat to chickpea

(Donor: SERB)

Major objectives: Development of rapid diagnostic tool for identifying,quantifying S. rolfsii Sequencing of ITS regions to study genotypic variability in S. rolfsii isolates Determination of physio-chemico changes associated with collar rot by various biochemical

assays in different genotype(s) Determination of expression profiling of PR gene(s) identified in chickpea through real-time

PCR

Team: JJ/HCS

Team: AT/MS

Integration with Genetic Gains

Molecular variability and development of markers for assessing variability in pathogens

- Developed DArT Marker platform for Foc in chickpea

Whole genome sequencing of pathogens/PGPR- Comparative WGS of Foc in chickpea, Medicago, pea published

Whole transcriptome of pathogens- Foc during conidial germination

(Team : Genomics and trait discovery)

Non-host resistance mechanism for DRR in chickpea (Cell Molecular Biology & Genetic Eng.)

QTLs for disease resistance genes

Resistance identification in wild spp. (Pre-Breeding)

Phenotyping of germplasm collection. (GeneBank)

Building partnerships

ICAR-ICRISAT Collaborative activities @ICM

Team : with NARS

AICRP Programs : Chickpea PigeonpeaSorghumPearl millet

Screening of the IVT, AVT, NND

Multi-location testing of

disease/pest nurseries

Monitoring of pathogen/pest

variability

Partnerships through various projects on R &D and technology dissemination

ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium

Thank you !