Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
-
Upload
abhishekjumwal -
Category
Documents
-
view
228 -
download
0
Transcript of Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
-
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
1/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 1
MW
Asia Motor Works
Vocational raining
Project Report
Submitted By:
Abhishek Jumwal
B.Tech. ME
1154337
Guided By:
Mr. Ramesh Sharma
( Workmanager )
-
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
2/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank the following people for helping
me in completing the vocational training at Asia Motor
Works. Without them it would not have been possible
for me to get practical knowledge.
I am grateful to Mr. Vivek Bhardwaj, Head - Bhagat
Motors (UNA) for giving me the opportunity to
undergo training in AMW (Bhagat Motors).
Mr. Ramesh Sharma (Work Manager), Chintan
Padhiyar (Senior Engineer) - Bhagat Motors who has
guided me throughout my training period.
-
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
3/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 3
LAYOUT OF AMW WORKSHOP UNA
-
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
4/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 4
MEMBERS OF AMW WORKSHOP UNA
RAMESH SHARMA WORKS MANAGER
VIRENDER BANYAL STORE MANAGER
CHINTAN PADHIYAR SENIOR ENGINEER
MOHAN LAL SUPERVISOR
VARUN SHARMA SUPERVISOR
SHUBAM SHARMA ADVISOR
BALVINDER KUMAR ADVISOR
AKHIL CHOUDHARY MECHANIC
RAKESH KUMAR HEAD MECHANIC
KARAN SHARMA HEAD MECHANIC
JASWINDER KUMAR MECHANIC
MUKESH KUMAR HEAD MECHANIC
AJAY KUMAR ELECTRICIAN
DARSHAN LAL MECHANIC
JAGDISH SINGH MECHANIC
SHASHI PAL HELPER
VINOD KUMAR HELPER
ANKUSH KUMAR HELPER
-
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
5/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 5
CONTENTS
o
INTRODUCTION
o FACILITY AT WORKSHOP
o OVERVIEW OF WORKSHOP
o INVESTIGATION PROJECT
-
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
6/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 6
INTRODUCTIONAsia Motor Works Ltd(AMW) manufactures commercial vehicle, auto components, fully
built vehicles and forged components, inIndia.Founded in 2002. AMW is India's third
largest manufacturer of heavy commercial vehicles, having achieved a unique position in the
country's transportation sector through innovative engineering and customer orientation. We
are the fastest growing truck brand in India with a volume growth of over 100% for the last
three years. Our world classtrucksare manufactured at a state of the art, 50,000 units per
annum plant in Bhuj, Gujarat.
AMW's trucks incorporate some of the best automotive technology from around theworld like a 9-speed gearbox and 380 mm power-assisted clutch.
Engineering Excellence
Providing complete solutions from design to delivery
AMWs vision rests on three pillars providing world class quality, delivering on time
and maximizing the economic advantage of large scale. Our integratedmanufacturing facility at Bhuj is built to optimize on all three.
Customer Satisfaction
Delivering customer satisfaction is our number one priority
At AMW, the customer is the focus of our operations, and delivering customersatisfaction is our number one priority. We aim to do it by delivering products thatscore high on safety and quality, so that the customer enjoys a good drivingexperience and enjoys a high return on investment.
Social Responsibility
Leading with initiatives on employment
AMW is an active participant in the development of the local communities, leadingwith initiatives on employment, community building, health and the environment.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://www.amwasia.com/truckshttp://www.amwasia.com/truckshttp://www.amwasia.com/truckshttp://www.amwasia.com/truckshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
7/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 7
AMW PRODUCTIONS:
Tippers Tractors
Haulage Transit Mixers Concrete Pumps Fully Built Vehicles
Operations
The manufacturing facility of AMW is located in Bhuj, Gujarat, in the western region of
India. The capacity for commercial vehicles is at 50,000 annually. The company has capacityfor tipper bodies, fabricated components, pressed metal and frames for chassis production.
AMW manufactures components for the automotive and general engineering industries.
AMWs capacity of 15 million wheel rims makes it the largest single location plant in Asia.
The company supplies pressed metal components to the worlds auto and white goods
manufacturers. AMW has over 60 touch points across India.
Type Private company
Industry Automotive and auto components
Founded 2002
Founder(s) Anirudh Bhuwalka
Headquarters Mumbai,Maharashtra, India[1]
Key peopleAnirudh Bhuwalka
(MD & CEO)
Products
Commercial Vehicles
Auto Components
Road Safety Solutions
Forgings
Website www.amwasia.com
http://www.amwasia.com/trucks/tippershttp://www.amwasia.com/trucks/tractorshttp://www.amwasia.com/trucks/haulagehttp://www.amwasia.com/trucks/transit-mixershttp://www.amwasia.com/trucks/concrete-pumpshttp://www.amwasia.com/trucks/fully-built-vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_business_entityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_business_entityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_MotorWorks#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_MotorWorks#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_MotorWorks#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MD_%26_CEO&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgingshttp://www.amwasia.com/http://www.amwasia.com/http://www.amwasia.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MD_%26_CEO&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_MotorWorks#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_business_entityhttp://www.amwasia.com/trucks/fully-built-vehicleshttp://www.amwasia.com/trucks/concrete-pumpshttp://www.amwasia.com/trucks/transit-mixershttp://www.amwasia.com/trucks/haulagehttp://www.amwasia.com/trucks/tractorshttp://www.amwasia.com/trucks/tippers -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
8/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 8
PRODUCTS
Commercial Vehicles
A commercial vehicleis any type ofmotor vehicle used for transporting goods or
paidpassengers.TheEuropean Union defines "commercial motor vehicle" as any
motorized road vehicle, that by its type of construction and equipment is designed for,
and capable of transporting, whether for payment or not: (1) more than nine persons,
including the driver; (2) goods and "standard fuel tanks". This means the tankspermanently fixed by the manufacturer to all motor vehicles of the same type as the
vehicle in question and whose permanent fitting lets fuel be used directly, both for
propulsion and, where appropriate, to power a refrigeration system. Gas tanks fitted to
motor vehicles for the direct use of diesel as a fuel are considered standard fuel tanks.
Contents
1. Commercial classification
In theUnited States a vehicle is designated commercial when it is titled or registered to acompany. This is a broad definition, as commercial vehicles may befleet vehicles,company
cars,or other vehicles used for business. Vehicles that are designed to carry more than 15
passengers are considered a commercial vehicle.
A vehicle may be considered a commercial vehicle if it is:
Belongs to a company or corporation
Used for business, but is in an individual's name, such as asole proprietor
A leased vehicle and in the name of the financial institution that owns it
Exceeds a certain weight or class and therefore is "classified" as commercial even
though it may not be commercially used or commercially owned. A weight rating of26,001 pounds or more is always consider commercial.
Used to haul anyhazardous material
A vehicle can be used for a business, if not exclusively, and remain privately licensed,
depending on the amount of time used for business
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sole_proprietorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sole_proprietorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Vehicles -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
9/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 9
2. Examples of commercial vehicles
1.Truck
2.Semi truck (articulated lorry)
3.Van
4.Coach
5.Bus
6.Taxicab
7.Trailers
8.Box truck (also known as a straight truck)
3. Commercial truck classification
Commercial trucks are classified according to theGross vehicle weight rating (GVWR).
The United StatesDepartment of Transportation classifies commercial trucks with eight
classes:
Class 1- GVWR ranges from 0 to 6,000 pounds (0 to 2,722 kg)
Class 2- GVWR ranges from 6,001 to 10,000 pounds (2,722 to 4,536 kg)
Class 3- GVWR ranges from 10,001 to 14,000 pounds (4,536 to 6,350 kg)
Class 4- GVWR ranges from 14,001 to 16,000 pounds (6,351 to 7,257 kg)
Class 5- GVWR ranges from 16,001 to 19,500 pounds (7,258 to 8,845 kg).
Class 6- GVWR ranges from 19,501 to 26,000 pounds (8,846 to 11,793 kg)
Class 7- GVWR ranges from 26,001 to 33,000 pounds (11,794 to 14,969 kg)
Class 8- GVWR is anything above 33,000 pounds (14,969 kg)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi_truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coach_(vehicle)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailer_(vehicle)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truck_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_vehicle_weight_ratinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Transportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Transportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_vehicle_weight_ratinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truck_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailer_(vehicle)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coach_(vehicle)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi_truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truck -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
10/29
-
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
11/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 11
Powered by best-in-class 180 HP & 215 HP Cummins engines, AMW trucks easily handleupward inclines and other tough conditions.
B. GearboxAMW trucks come with a technologically advanced gearbox from ZF, Germany and Eaton.
With a gear ratio of 13.1621 enabling a highly improved start-up, even with very heavy loadsand in difficult conditions.
C. Chassis
-
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
12/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 12
A sturdy frame-in-frame chassis offers high reliability and durability
The chassis of an automobile consist of following components suitably mounted:1. Engine and the radiator2. Transmission system, consisting of the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft and the rear axle
3. Suspension System4. Road Wheel5. Steering system6. Brakes7. Fuel tank
All the components listed above are mounted in either of the two ways, the conventional construction,in which a separate frame is used and the frameless or unitary construction in which no separateframe is employed. Out of these, the conventional type of construction is being used presently only forheavy vehicle whereas for car the same has been replaced by the frameless type or the monocoquechassis is manufacture, who still find it economical two use frame.
Chassis are classified as :
1. Conventional control chassis2. Semi forward control chassis3. Full forward control chassis
D. Bogey suspension
The unique bogey suspension adds to the vehicles tenacity, and aids comfortable handling even inthe roughest terrain.
-
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
13/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 13
E. Air-conditioned cabin
AMW trucks provide the most comfortable and safe driving experience for the driver. With a world-class ergonomic design, energy absorbing steering wheel for safety, and entertainment facilities like astereo FM and CD player, these vehicles ensure that the driver is comfortable and therefore able togive his best.
-
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
14/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 14
Integrated Manufacturing Facility
The 515 acre plant at Bhuj, Gujarat forms the backbone of the companys truck manufacturingoperations in India. State-of-the-art plants, assembly lines, aspecially designed frame shop, a
completely automated paint shop, in-house R & D facilities, and a modern warehouse ensure thatonly trucks of international quality roll out from these premises.
FRAME SHOPAMW builds robust chassis systems, specially designed for Indian roads. The rock-sturdy in-framechassis is a fine example. The unique, in-frame structure of each truck chassis improves vehiclebalance, handling, ride characteristics, and maneuverability.
ASSEMBLY LINEAMW takes pride in providing high quality and value at every stage of the manufacturing process.After pre-assembly, carriages, bodies, engines and other parts are assembled on a semi-automatedmodern assembly line, where the bare chassis is brought in and leaves as a fully integrated AMW
world-class truck.
CAB WELD SHOPThe automated cab welding facility manufactures a wide range of cabs for different trucks. With thefocus on increased productivity and quality, the cab welding shop is an integral part of AMWstruck manufacturing facility.
FULLY AUTOMATED PAINT SHOPA fully automated paint shop, designed by Durr, Germany offers superior coating and finishproperties. The paint shop has state-of-the-art coating lines for cabs, with advanced equipment andcoating technology.
QUALITYAMW prides itself on employing only world-class technologies and manufacturing practices.At AMW, meeting and exceeding the expectations of valued customers remains the prime focus at alltimes. Quality assurance teams conduct simulated and field trials on every product. AMW has set thehighest standards for quality with TS 16949 ready systems and processes.
SAFETYSafe manufacturing practices are a high priority at the AMW plant in Bhuj. AMWs safety programencompasses Health, Safety and the Environment. Engineers and managers constantly bring inimprovements in manufacturing practices and technology to ensure a hazard-free work place. Anothercritical aspect of the AMW safety program revolves around the driver who is a key factor in anytransport activity. A safe working environment for the driver means higher productivity and loweroperating costs.
Installed Capacity 50,000 vehicles per year
-
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
15/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 15
VRDE Certification and Testing
AMW trucks go through independent validating tests to verify, validate and certify their performance,durability and reliability. This includes variants as well as new features and product improvements.The tests cover all critical parameters such as maximum speed, acceleration through gears, brakingdeceleration, stopping distance, steering effort, pass by and in-cab noise, cooling, grade ability, waterwading, stability etc.
On-road fuel consumption tests are carried out as per pre-determined cycles to predict fuelconsumption under a variety of traffic and terrain conditions. AMW has entered into an agreementwith the Vehicle Research and Development Establishment (VRDE), a Government of IndiaUndertaking, under which validation of the structural durability of vehicles is carried out on theBelgian Pave and Torture Tracks at VRDE, Ahmednagar.
After-sales Service, Spare partsAMWs strong dealership network, authorized service centers and spare parts outlets ensure thatvehicles run with maximum up-time and minimum stoppage of work. AMWs dealer network is one of
the fastest growing networks, spread across the length and breadth of the country. Its authorizedservice centers and spare parts outlets are strategically placed in almost every city to providecustomers sales, service and spare parts support anywhere, anytime.
AwardsCustomer satisfaction is the highest award. Yet, it is satisfying to be recognized by industry expertsand peers. Voted Truck of the year for 2008 by NDTV, AMW leads the way, offering pride ofownership with unmatched commercial value. AMW also won the Innovation of the year award in2010. This was for a very long truck, in which four wheels are turned by the steering wheel; aninnovation that enhances maneuverability, eliminating the need for articulation.
Fully Built VehiclesAMW manufactures a wide range of Fully Built Vehicle Solutions for on-road and off-roadapplications.
The chassis is designed for use as Tippers, concrete mixers, mobile cranes and other special-purpose bodies. The AMW range includes box body and rock body Tippers, Tip-Trailers and Trailers.
TIPPERSAMW Tippers are manufactured in a state-of-the-art plant, with a robotic welding system. They aredesigned for strength, built to high quality standards, and are proven products, ready to meet arduouschallenges.
-
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
16/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 16
TRAILERS
AMW Trailers are built in a technologically advanced facility and go through stringent qualityprocesses. Custom-designed to suit varied applications, AMW Trailers are sturdy, durable vehicles,increasingly sought after by discerning customers. AMW will soon add Transit Mixers, Bulkers andTankers to its already large product portfolio in the near future.
For customers, the AMW range of Fully Built Vehicles allows for immediate revenue, as they can bequickly attached to trucks or prime movers and deployed for work in various areas without anywaiting time for fabrication or modifications.
INSTALLED CAPACITY
Tippers - 12000 per yearTrailers - 4000 per year
-
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
17/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 17
F CILITY T WORKSHOP
Bhagat Motors deals with the sales/services/repairs of the vehicle. There are
enough facilities in the workshop. There are many types of repairs of the
components of the trucks can be done within the workshop. The plant does not
only the repair facility but it also has the facility of spares and parts. All types of
useful parts are available in the spares shop. It also sales the new trucks. They
make sure a better service always made available to customer. For the new
workers, laborers, and trainees, a training department has been established. Aquality assurance department is also there along with marketing department
which takes care of the better service provided for the customers.
Repairs facilities at the workshop
i. Engine service
ii. Gear box repair
iii. Differential repair
iv. Axle alignment
v. Water wash
vi. Denting
vii. Chassis alignment
viii. Body repair
-
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
18/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 18
INVESTIG TION PROJECT
ENGINE WORKING
A diesel engine(also known as a compression-ignition engine) is aninternal combustion
engine that uses theheat of compression to initiateignition to burn thefuel that has
been injected into thecombustion chamber.This contrasts with spark-ignition engines
such as apetrol engine (gasoline engine) orgas engine (using a gaseous fuel as opposed
togasoline), which use aspark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture.
The diesel engine has the highestthermal efficiency of any standardinternal orexternal
combustion engine due to its very highcompression ratio.Low-speed diesel engines (asused in ships and other applications where overall engine weight is relatively
unimportant) can have a thermal efficiency that exceeds 50%.
Diesel engines are manufactured intwo-stroke andfour-stroke versions. They were
originally used as a more efficient replacement for stationarysteam engines.Since the
1910s they have been used insubmarines and ships. Use in locomotives, trucks,heavy
equipment and electric generating plants followed later. In the 1930s, they slowly began
to be used in a fewautomobiles.Since the 1970s, the use of diesel engines in larger on-
road andoff-road vehicles in the USA increased. According to the British Society of
Motor Manufacturing and Traders, theEU average for diesel cars account for 50% of the
total sold, including 70% in France and 38% in the UK.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_compressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion_chamberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrol_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spark_plughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_equipmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_equipmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-road_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DieselCycle_PV.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-road_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_equipmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_equipmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spark_plughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrol_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion_chamberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_compressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
19/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 19
p-V Diagram for the Ideal Diesel cycle. The cycle follows the numbers 1-4 in clockwise
direction. In the diesel cycle the combustion occurs at almost constant pressure and the
exhaust occurs at constant volume. On this diagram the work that is generated for each cycle
corresponds to the area within the loop.
The diesel internal combustion engine differs from the gasoline powered Otto cycle by using
highly compressed hot air to ignite the fuel rather than using a spark plug (compression
ignitionrather thanspark ignition).
In the true diesel engine, only air is initially introduced into the combustion chamber. The air
is then compressed with a compression ratio typically between 15:1 and 22:1 resulting in 40-
bar (4.0 MPa; 580 psi) pressure compared to 8 to 14 bars (0.80 to 1.4 MPa; 120 to 200 psi) in
the petrol engine. This high compression heats the air to 550 C (1,022 F). At about the top
of the compression stroke, fuel is injected directly into the compressed air in the combustion
chamber. This may be into a (typically toroidal) void in the top of the piston or apre-
chamberdepending upon the design of the engine. The fuel injector ensures that the fuel is
broken down into small droplets, and that the fuel is distributed evenly. The heat of the
compressed air vaporizes fuel from the surface of the droplets. The vapor is then ignited by
the heat from the compressed air in the combustion chamber, the droplets continue to
vaporise from their surfaces and burn, getting smaller, until all the fuel in the droplets hasbeen burnt. The start of vaporization causes a delay period during ignition and the
characteristic diesel knocking sound as the vapor reaches ignition temperature and causes an
abrupt increase in pressure above the piston. The rapid expansion of combustion gases then
drives the piston downward, supplying power to the crankshaft.
As well as the high level of compression allowing combustion to take place without a
separate ignition system, a highcompression ratio greatly increases the engine's efficiency.
Increasing the compression ratio in a spark-ignition engine where fuel and air are mixed
before entry to the cylinder is limited by the need to prevent damagingpre-ignition.Since
only air is compressed in a diesel engine, and fuel is not introduced into the cylinder until
shortly before top dead centre (TDC), premature detonation is not an issue and compressionratios are much higher.
Early fuel injection systems
Diesel's original engine injected fuel with the assistance of compressed air, which atomized
the fuel and forced it into the engine through a nozzle (a similar principle to an aerosol
spray). The nozzle opening was closed by a pin valve lifted by the camshaft to initiate the
fuel injection before top dead centre (TDC). This is called an air-blast injection. Driving the
three stage compressor used some power but the efficiency and net power output was more
than any other combustion engine at that time.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-ignition#Pre-ignitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Dead_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Dead_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Dead_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Dead_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-ignition#Pre-ignitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_ratio -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
20/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 20
Diesel engines in service today raise the fuel to extreme pressures by mechanical pumps anddeliver it to the combustion chamber by pressure-activated injectors without compressed air.
With direct injected diesels, injectors spray fuel through 4 to 12 small orifices in its nozzle.
The early air injection diesels always had a superior combustion without the sharp increase in
pressure during combustion. Research is now being performed and patents are being taken
out to again use some form of air injection to reduce the nitrogen oxides and pollution,
reverting to Diesel's original implementation with its superior combustion and possibly
quieter operation. In all major aspects, the modern diesel engine holds true to Rudolf Diesel's
original design, that of igniting fuel by compression at an extremely high pressure within the
cylinder. With much higher pressures and high technology injectors, present-day diesel
engines use the so-called solid injection system applied byHerbert Akroyd Stuart for hishot
bulb engine.Theindirect injection engine could be considered the latest development of these
low speed hot bulbignition engines.
Fuel delivery
A vital component of all diesel engines is a mechanical or electronicgovernor which
regulates the idling speed and maximum speed of the engine by controlling the rate of fuel
delivery. Unlike Otto-cycle engines, incoming air is not throttled and a diesel engine without
a governor cannot have a stable idling speed and can easily over speed, resulting in its
destruction. Mechanically governed fuel injection systems are driven by the engine'sgear
train.These systems use a combination of springs and weights to control fuel delivery
relative to both load and speed. Modern electronically controlled diesel engines control fuel
delivery by use of an electronic control module (ECM) or electronic control unit (ECU). The
ECM/ECU receives an engine speed signal, as well as other operating parameters such as
intake manifold pressure and fuel temperature, from a sensor and controls the amount of fuel
and start of injection timing throughactuators to maximize power and efficiency and
minimize emissions. Controlling the timing of the start of injection of fuel into the cylinder is
a key to minimizing emissions, and maximizingfuel economy (efficiency), of the engine. The
timing is measured in degrees of crank angle of thepistonbefore top dead centre. For
example, if the ECM/ECU initiates fuel injection when the piston is 10 beforeTDC,the start
of injection, or timing, is said to be 10BTDC.Optimal timing will depend on the engine
design as well as its speed and load.
Advancing the start of injection (injecting before the piston reaches to its SOI-TDC) results in
higher in-cylinder pressure and temperature, and higher efficiency, but also results in elevated
engine noise and increasedoxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions due to higher combustiontemperatures. Delaying start of injection causes incomplete combustion, reduced fuel
efficiency and an increase in exhaust smoke, containing a considerable amount of particulate
matter and unburnedhydrocarbons.
Major advantages
Diesel engines have several advantages over other internal combustion engines:
They burn less fuel than a petrol engine performing the same work, due to the
engine's higher temperature of combustion and greater expansion ratio. Gasoline
engines are typically 30% efficient while diesel engines can convert over 45% of thefuel energy into mechanical energy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Akroyd_Stuarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_bulb_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_bulb_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_injectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_(device)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_trainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_trainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_control_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_economy_in_automobileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Top_Dead_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTDChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxides_of_nitrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxides_of_nitrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTDChttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Top_Dead_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_economy_in_automobileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_control_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_trainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_trainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_(device)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_injectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_bulb_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_bulb_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Akroyd_Stuart -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
21/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 21
They have no high voltage electrical ignition system, resulting in high reliability andeasy adaptation to damp environments. The absence of coils, spark plug wires, etc.,
also eliminates a source of radio frequency emissions which can interfere with
navigation and communication equipment, which is especially important in marine
and aircraft applications.
The life of a diesel engine is generally about twice as long as that of a petrol engine
due to the increased strength of parts used. Diesel fuel has better lubrication properties
than petrol as well.
Diesel fuel is distilled directly from petroleum. Distillation yields some gasoline, but
the yield would be inadequate withoutcatalytic reforming,which is a more costly
process.
Diesel fuel is considered safer than petrol in many applications. Although diesel fuel
will burn in open air using awick,it will not explode and does not release a large
amount of flammable vapor. The low vapor pressure of diesel is especially
advantageous in marine applications, where the accumulation of explosive fuel-airmixtures is a particular hazard. For the same reason, diesel engines are immune to
vapor lock.
For any given partial load the fuel efficiency (mass burned per energy produced) of a
diesel engine remains nearly constant, as opposed to petrol and turbine engines which
use proportionally more fuel with partial power outputs.
They generate less waste heat in cooling and exhaust.
Diesel engines can accept super- or turbo-charging pressure without any natural limit,
constrained only by the strength of engine components. This is unlike petrol engines,
which inevitably suffer detonation at higher pressure.
The carbon monoxide content of the exhaust is minimal, therefore diesel engines areused in underground mines.
Biodiesel is an easily synthesized, non-petroleum-based fuel (through
transesterification)which can run directly in many diesel engines, while gasoline
engines either need adaptation to runsynthetic fuels or else use them as an additive to
gasoline (e.g.,ethanol added togasohol).
Mechanical and electronic injection
Many configurations of fuel injection have been used over the course of the 20th century.
Most present-day diesel engines use a mechanical single plunger high-pressurefuel pump
driven by the engine crankshaft. For each engine cylinder, the corresponding plunger in the
fuel pump measures out the correct amount of fuel and determines the timing of each
injection. These engines useinjectors that are very precise spring-loaded valves that open and
close at a specific fuel pressure. Separate high-pressure fuel lines connect the fuel pump with
each cylinder. Fuel volume for each single combustion is controlled by a slantedgroove in
the plunger which rotates only a few degrees releasing the pressure and is controlled by a
mechanical governor, consisting of weights rotating at engine speed constrained by springs
and a lever. The injectors are held open by the fuel pressure. On high-speed engines the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_reforminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candle_wickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor_lockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodieselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transesterificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injectorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groove_(machining)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groove_(machining)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injectorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transesterificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodieselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor_lockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candle_wickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_reforminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
22/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 22
plunger pumps are together in one unit. The length of fuel lines from the pump to eachinjector is normally the same for each cylinder in order to obtain the same pressure delay.
A cheaper configuration on high-speed engines with fewer than six cylinders is to use an
axial-piston distributor pump, consisting of one rotating pump plunger delivering fuel to avalve and line for each cylinder (functionally analogous to points and distributor cap on an
Otto engine).
Many modern systems have a single fuel pump which supplies fuel constantly at high
pressure with acommon rail (single fuel line common) to each injector. Each injector has a
solenoid operated by an electronic control unit, resulting in more accurate control of injector
opening times that depend on other control conditions, such as engine speed and loading, and
providing better engine performance and fuel economy.
Both mechanical and electronic injection systems can be used in eitherdirect orindirect
injection configurations.
Two-stroke diesel engines with mechanical injection pumps can be inadvertently run
in reverse, albeit in a very inefficient manner, possibly damaging the engine. Large
shiptwo-stroke diesels are designed to run in either direction, obviating the need for a
gearbox.
Indirect injection
An indirect injection diesel engine delivers fuel into a chamber off thecombustion
chamber,called a pre-chamber or ante-chamber, where combustion begins and then
spreads into the main combustion chamber, assisted byturbulence created in the
chamber.
Arrow indicates opening from pre-chamber
Main article:Indirect injection
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_railhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection#Direct_injectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_injectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_injectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-stroke_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-stroke_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion_chamberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion_chamberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbulencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_injectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diesel_Indirect_Injection_Toyota_motor.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_injectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbulencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion_chamberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion_chamberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-stroke_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-stroke_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_injectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_injectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection#Direct_injectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_railhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_engine -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
23/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 23
This system allows for a smoother, quieter running engine, and because combustion is
assisted by turbulence,injectorpressures can be lower, about 100 bar (10 MPa; 1,500 psi),
using a single orifice tapered jet injector. Mechanical injection systems allowed high-speed
running suitable for road vehicles (typically up to speeds of around 4,000 rpm. The pre-
chamber had the disadvantage of increasing heat loss to the engine's cooling system, andrestricting the combustion burn, which reduced the efficiency by 510%. Indirect injection
engines are cheaper to build and it is easier to produce smooth, quiet-running vehicles with a
simple mechanical system. In road-going vehicles most prefer the greater efficiency and
better controlled emission levels of direct injection. Indirect injection diesels can still be
found in the many ATV diesel applications.
Direct injection
Direct injection diesel engines have injectors mounted at the top of the combustion chamber.
The injectors are activated using one of two methods - hydraulic pressure from the fuel pump,
or an electronic signal from an engine controller.
Hydraulic pressure activated injectors can produce harsh engine noise. Fuel consumption is
about 1520% lower than indirect injection diesels. The extra noise is generally not a
problem for industrial uses of the engine, but for automotive usage, buyers have to decide
whether or not the increased fuel efficiency would compensate for the extra noise.
Electronic control of the fuel injection transformed the direct injection engine by allowingmuch greater control over the combustion.
Common rail direct injection
In common rail systems, the separate pulsing high-pressure fuel line to each cylinder'sinjector is also eliminated. Instead, a high-pressure pump pressurizes fuel at up to 2,500 bar
(250 MPa; 36,000 psi), in a "common rail". The common rail is a tube that supplies each
computer-controlled injector containing a precision-machined nozzle and a plunger driven by
asolenoid orpiezoelectric actuator.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection#Direct_injectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection#Direct_injectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injector -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
24/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 24
6 CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE
A 6 cylinder Engine which produces more power works with two extra cylinders that
create additional piston thrust. The process involves the piston traveling down on the
Intake stroke, up on the compression stroke, down on the Power stroke and up on the
exhaust stroke.
Greater the cylinders more the power, more the horse power and greater fuel consumption.Internal combustion engines are made from various parts. Each part has its own location andfunction for proper working of engine. Someimportant parts and its function is as describedbelow.
01)Cylinder Block
In the bore ofcylinder the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture is ignited, compressed by piston and
expanded to give power topiston.
http://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Draw-Valve-Timing-Diagram-For-Four-Stroke-Petrol-Enginehttp://tomrubenoff.hubpages.com/hub/The-Most-Important-Part-of-a-Bicyclehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Preacutions-of-unlubricated-air-cylinderhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Hydraulic-Reciprocating-Pump-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Which-Type-Of-Piston-You-Will-Use-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Which-Type-Of-Piston-You-Will-Use-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Hydraulic-Reciprocating-Pump-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Preacutions-of-unlubricated-air-cylinderhttp://tomrubenoff.hubpages.com/hub/The-Most-Important-Part-of-a-Bicyclehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Draw-Valve-Timing-Diagram-For-Four-Stroke-Petrol-Engine -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
25/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 25
02)Cylinder Head
It carries inlet and valve. Fresh charge is admitted through inlet valve and burnt gases are
exhausted from exhaust valve. In case of engine, a spark plug and in case of diesel engine, a
injector is also mounted on cylinder head.
03) Piston
During suction stroke, it sucks the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture throughinlet valve and
compresses during the compression stroke inside the cylinder. This way piston receives power
from the expanding gases after ignition in cylinder. Also forces the burnt exhaust gases out of thecylinder throughexhaust valve.
http://williamgreen.hubpages.com/hub/Chevy-31-Liter-Engine-Leaking-Intake-Manifold-Gasket-and-Warped-Headshttp://williamgreen.hubpages.com/hub/Chevy-31-Liter-Engine-Leaking-Intake-Manifold-Gasket-and-Warped-Headshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-Types-Of-Valves-Used-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://kidgas.hubpages.com/hub/Heat-Exhaustion-Safety-Tipshttp://kidgas.hubpages.com/hub/Heat-Exhaustion-Safety-Tipshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-Types-Of-Valves-Used-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://williamgreen.hubpages.com/hub/Chevy-31-Liter-Engine-Leaking-Intake-Manifold-Gasket-and-Warped-Heads -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
26/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 26
04)Piston Rings
-It prevents the compressed charge of fuel-airmixture from leaking to the other side of the piston.
Oil rings, is used for removing lubricating oil from the cylinder after lubrication. This ring prevents
the excess oil to mix with charge.
05)Connecting Rod
It changes the reciprocating motion of piston intorotary motion at crankshaft. This way
connecting rod transmits the power produced at piston to crankshaft.
06)Gudgeon Pin
Connects the piston with small end of connecting rod.
http://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Why-Piston-Rings-Are-So-Important-In-Automobile-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Why-Piston-Rings-Are-So-Important-In-Automobile-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-Should-Be-The-Air-Fuel-Ratio-In-Internal-Combustion-Engineeringhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-You-Can-Connect-Piston-To-Crankshaft-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-You-Can-Connect-Piston-To-Crankshaft-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-types-of-Air-Compressor-Part-Ahttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-You-Can-Connect-Piston-To-Crankshaft-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-You-Can-Connect-Piston-To-Crankshaft-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-You-Can-Connect-Piston-To-Crankshaft-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-types-of-Air-Compressor-Part-Ahttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-You-Can-Connect-Piston-To-Crankshaft-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-Should-Be-The-Air-Fuel-Ratio-In-Internal-Combustion-Engineeringhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Why-Piston-Rings-Are-So-Important-In-Automobile-Engine -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
27/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 27
07)Crank Pin
hand over the power and motion to thecrank shaft which come from piston through connecting
rod.
08) Crank Shaft
Receives oscillating motion from connecting rod and gives a rotary motion to the main shaft. It
also drives the camshaft which actuate the valves of theengine.
http://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/details-of-CrankShaft-used-in-Internal-Combustion-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/details-of-CrankShaft-used-in-Internal-Combustion-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/details-of-CrankShaft-used-in-Internal-Combustion-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-is-Bernoullis-Equation-and-its-applicationshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-is-Bernoullis-Equation-and-its-applicationshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/details-of-CrankShaft-used-in-Internal-Combustion-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/details-of-CrankShaft-used-in-Internal-Combustion-Engines -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
28/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
A S I A M O R O R W O R K S , B H A G A T M O T O R S , U N A , H I M A C H A L P R A D E S H Page 28
09)Cam Shaft
It takes driving force from crankshaft through gear train or chain and operates the inletvalve as
well as exhaust valve with the help of cam followers, push rod and rocker arms.
10)Inlet Valve & Exhaust Valve
Inlet valve allow the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture to enter the cylinder bore. Exhaust valve
permits theburnt gases to escape from the cylinder bore at proper timing.
11) Governor
It controls the speed of engine at a different load by regulating fuel supply in diesel engine. In
petrol engine, supplying the mixture of air-petrol and controlling the speed at various load
condition.
http://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Mico-Fuel-Injection-System-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Draw-Valve-Timing-Diagram-For-Four-Stroke-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Important-Guidelines-for-Air-Intake-Pipe-of-Air-Compressorhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Types-Of-Scavengings-Used-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Increase-Ignition-Timing-In-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Increase-Ignition-Timing-In-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Types-Of-Scavengings-Used-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Important-Guidelines-for-Air-Intake-Pipe-of-Air-Compressorhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Draw-Valve-Timing-Diagram-For-Four-Stroke-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Mico-Fuel-Injection-System-Works -
8/10/2019 Asia Motor Work (AMW) Project
29/29
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 2013
12)Fuel Pump
This device supply the petrol to the carburetor sucking from thefuel tank.
13)Fuel Injector
This device is used in diesel engine only and delivers fuel in fine spray under pressure.
http://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Mico-Fuel-Injection-System-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-Should-Be-The-Air-Fuel-Ratio-In-Internal-Combustion-Engineeringhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Construction-And-Working-Of-Fuel-Injection-Pumphttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Construction-And-Working-Of-Fuel-Injection-Pumphttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Construction-And-Working-Of-Fuel-Injection-Pumphttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-Should-Be-The-Air-Fuel-Ratio-In-Internal-Combustion-Engineeringhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Mico-Fuel-Injection-System-Works