ASAS PSIKOLOGI health psychology stress, coping, and well-being
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Chapter 11: Health Psychology – Stress, Coping, and Well-Being Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Transcript of ASAS PSIKOLOGI health psychology stress, coping, and well-being
Chapter 11: Health Psychology – Stress, Coping, and Well-Being
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Health Psychology
Investigates the psychological factors related to wellness and illness, including the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems
Psychoneuroimmunology– The study of the relationship
among psychological factors, the immune system, and the brain
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Stress and Coping
Stress– The response to events that threaten or challenge
a person Psychophysiological disorders
– Medical problems that are influenced by an interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties
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The General Adaptation Syndrome
Alarm and mobilization stage– Become aware of the
presence of a stressor Resistance stage
– Preparation to fight the stressor
Exhaustion stage– Negative consequences of
the stress appear
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Categorizing Stressors
Cataclysmic events– Strong stressors that occur
suddenly and typically affect many people simultaneously
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)– Phenomena where victims
of major catastrophes re-experience the original event and the associated feelings in vivid flashbacks or dreams
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Categorizing Stressors
Personal stressors– Major life events that
produce an immediate major reactions that soon tapers off
Background stressors (daily hassles)– Minor irritations of life that
we all face time and time again
Uplifts– Minor positive events that
make one feel good
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Learned Helplessness
A point when people conclude that unpleasant or aversive stimuli cannot be controlled
A view of the the world that becomes so ingrained that they cease trying to remedy the aversive circumstances
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Coping with Stress
Coping– The efforts to control,
reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress
Defense mechanisms– Reactions that maintain a
person’s sense of control and self-worth by distorting or denying the actual nature of the situation
– Emotional insulation• Cessation of emotional
experience
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Coping with Stress
Emotion-focused coping– Method of managing emotion in the face of stress
by seeking to change the way they feel or perceive a problem
Problem-focused coping– Attempts to modify the stressful problem or source
of the stress
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Coping with Stress
Hardiness– Personality characteristic
associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness
• Commitment
• Challenge
• Control Social support
– A mutual network of caring, interested others
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The A’s and B’s of Coronary Heart Disease
Type A behavior pattern– Individuals that are
competitive, show a continual sense of urgency about time, are aggressive, exhibit a driven quality regarding their work, and are hostile both verbally and nonverbally
Type B behavior pattern– Individuals who are more
cooperative, far less competitive, not especially time-oriented, and not usually aggressive, driven, or hostile
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Psychological Aspects of Cancer
Emotional response Optimism
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smoking
Heredity factors Rite of passage Habit forming Quitting
– Replacement therapies
– Psychotherapy
– Societal views
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Well-Being and Happiness
Subjective well-being– Person’s evaluations of their
life, in terms of both their thoughts and emotions
Characteristics– High self-esteem
– Sense of control
– Optimism
– Sociable
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Psychological Factors Related to Physical Illness
Physician-patient communication– Social prestige of physician
– Technical nature of interview
– Cultural values and expectations
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Forms of Patient Noncompliance
Creative nonadherence– Adjust treatment prescribed
by physician Reactance
– Negative emotional and cognitive reaction that results from the restriction of one’s freedom
