FOUNDATION OF CURRICULUMASAS-ASAS KURIKULUM

1. Hadliwati Daud 8154162. Sarimah Che Omar 8155843. Norita Omar 815606

SGDC 5013 CURRICULUM AND PEDAGOGYPROF. MADYA DR. ABDULL SUKOR SHAARI

FOUNDATION OF CURRICULUM

Foundations are the forces that influence the minds of curriculum developers.

In this way these effect the content and structure of the curriculum.

FOUNDATION OF CURRICULUM

It includes the following

Historical Foundation Philosophical Foundation Psychological Foundation Economical Foundation Sociological foundation

Historical Foundations of Curriculum

It includes Role of curriculum in achievements of

nations. Guides future plans Factors that influence development of

nation e.g. unity Eliminates the useless traditions.

•Franklin Bobbit (1876-1956) - presented curriculum as a science that emphasizes on students' need. Curriculum prepares for adult life.

•Werret Charters (1875-1952) - considered curriculum also as a science which is based on students' need and the teachers plan the activities.

Curriculum theorists :Historical Foundations of

Curriculum

•Harold Rugg (1886-1960) - Curriculum should develop the whole child. He emphasized social studies in the curriculum and the teacher plans the lesson in advance.

Curriculum theorists :

• William Kilpatrick (1871-1965) - viewed curriculum as purposeful activities which are child-centered. The purpose of curriculum is child development and growth.

Historical Foundations of Curriculum

Curriculum theorists :

•Hollis Caswell (1901-1989) - sees curriculum as organized around social functions of themes, organized knowledge and earner's interests.

• Ralph Tyler (1902-1994) - believes that curriculum is a science and an extension of school's philosophy. Based on students' need and interests.

Historical Foundations of Curriculum

PERKEMBANGAN EMPAT PERINGKAT SISTEM PENDIDIKAN DI MALAYSIA

PENDIDIKAN ZAMAN KOLONIALISME

BRITISH1700-1786

PENDIDIKAN ZAMAN SELEPAS

KOLONIALISME BRITISH

1786-1956

PENDIDIKAN SELEPAS MERDEKA

PENDIDIKAN ALAF BARU

Perkembangan Kurikulum di Malaysia

Rentetan Sejarah Pendidikan Di Negara Malaysia

PENDIDIKAN ZAMAN SEBELUM KOLONIALISME

MASJID ATAU SURAU

SISTEM SEKOLAH PONDOK

SISTEM MADRASAH

ATAU SEKOLAH AGAMA MODEN

Perkembangan Kurikulum di Malaysia

Sistem Pendidikan Sebelum Zaman Kolonolisme British(1400-1786)

ZAMAN KOLONONIAL

BRITISH1786 -1956

SEKOLAH VERNAKULAR

MELAYU

SEKOLAH VERNAKULAR CINA

SEKOLAH

VERNAKULAR TAMIL

SEKOLAH VERNAKULAR

INGGERIS

Perkembangan Kurikulum di Malaysia

Semasa Zaman Kolonialisme British(1786-1956).

PERKEMBANGAN PENDIDIKA N SELEPAS PERANG DUNIA

KE 2

RANCANGAN CHEESEMEN

PENYATA BARNES

PENYATA FERN WUORDINAN

PELAJARAN

PENYATA RAZAK

Perkembangan Kurikulum di Malaysia

Selepas Perang Dunia Kedua (1946-1956)

PERKEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN SELEPAS KEMERDEKAAN

LAPORAN RAHMAN TALIB

AKTA PELAJARAN

LAPORAN HUSSAIN ONN

KBSR DAN KBSM

Perkembangan Kurikulum di Malaysia

Pendidikan Selepas Kemerdekaan (1957-1996)

PENDIDIKAN ALAF BARU

PELAN INDUK PEMBANGUNAN

PENDIDIKAN (PIPP)

SEKOLAH WAWASAN

SEKOLAH BESTARI

SEKOLAH KLUSTER

Perkembangan Kurikulum di Malaysia

Pendidikan Alaf Baru

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONIt is concerned with beliefs. What is real --- ONTOLOGY What is true --- EPISTEMOLOGY What is good – AXIOLOGY

Philosophical oundations of Curriculum

Eight Educational Philosophies

PerennialismEssentialismProgressivismReconstructioni

sm

IdealismPragmatismRealismExistentialism

Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum

PerennialismAim of Education – To educate the rational person; to cultivate the intellect.Role of Education – Teachers help students think with reason.Focus in the Curriculum – Classical subjects, literary analysis and curriculum constant.Curriculum Trends – Use of great books and return to liberal.

Essentialism Aim of Education – To promote the intellectual growth of the individual and educate a competent person.Role of Education – The teacher is the sole authority in his or her subject area or field of specialization.Focus in the Curriculum – Essential skills of the 3 R’s and essential subjects.Curriculum Trends – Excellence in education, back to basics and cultural literacy.

Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum

Progressivism Aim of Education – To promote democratic and social living.Role of Education – Knowledge leads to growth and development of lifelong learners who actively learn by doing.Focus in the Curriculum – Subjects are interdisciplinary, integrative and interactive. Curriculum is focused on students’ interest, human problems and affairs.Curriculum Trends – School reforms, relevant and contextualized curriculum, humanistic education.

Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum

Reconstructionism Aim of Education – To improve and reconstruct society. Education for change.Role of Education – Teachers act as agents of change and reform in various educational projects including research.Focus in the Curriculum – Focus on present and future trends and issues of national and international interest.Curriculum Trends – Equality of educational opportunities in education, access to global education.

Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum

Idealism Aim of Education – The curriculum is

based upon the idea or assumption of the spiritual nature of man

Role of Education – A subject –matter or curriculum must emphasize the great and enduring ideas of the culture.

Focus in the Curriculum – Subjects must be essential for the realization of mental and moral Development

Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum

Pragmatism Aim of Education – developing those

experiences that will enable one to lead a good life.

Role of Education – Education must help its students become excellent citizens in ademocratic society

Focus in the Curriculum – School Curriculummust be part of social context

Curriculum Trends – Instruction organized around problem solving according to the scientific method

Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum

Realism Aim of Education – A pupil shall be taught with strong

states of personal disciplinePupil must be provided with essential

knowledgerequired for survival in natural worldRole of Education – Subjects are

taught by a teacher who is impersonal and objective and knows the subject fully

Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum

Realism Focus in the Curriculum – Curriculum is best organized

according to subject – matter Curriculum should also emphasized

the effects of the social environment on the individual’s life

Curriculum Trends – The teaching method recommended are authoritative

Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum

Existentialism Aim of Education – Teaching

strategiesmust stimulate an awareness that each

person creates a self-concept through significant choices

Role of Education – Teacher should help the student to become for himself what it is he wants to become

Focus in the Curriculum – School assists student in knowing themselves and leaning their place in society

Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum

Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior. It gives insight into:

Child development Learning Inquiry techniques Educational objectives Student characteristics Learning process Teaching method Evaluation procedures

PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM

Three major groups of learning theories:

1.Behaviorists Psychology –

consider that learning should be organized in order that students can experience success in the process of mastering the subject matter

PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM

ALIRAN BEHAVIORISME (1878 - 1958)

Ahli psikologi behaviorismeMenegaskan

TUJUAN ILMU PSIKOLOGImenghurai

menerang

meramal

Mengawal tingkah laku

PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM

Three major groups of learning theories:

2.Cognitive Psychology

- focus their attention on how individuals process information and how the monitor and manage thinking.

PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM

Max Wertheimer 1880 - 1943

Wolfgang Kohler1887 - 1967

Kurt Koffka 1886-1941

AHLI-AHLI PSIKOLOGI KOGNITIVISME

Ahli-ahli Psikologi Gestalt

Jean Piaget( 1896 - 1980)

Lev Semenovich Vygotsky

( 1896 – 1934)

Jerome S. Bruner (1915- ) David Ausubel

(1918 -)

Robert Mills Gagné

(1916 – 2002)

PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM

Three major groups of learning theories:

3. Humanistic Psychology

- concerned with how learners can develop their human potential.

PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM

ALIRAN HUMANISTIK (1908 - 1987 )

PENGASAS

CARL ROGERS(1902-1987)

ABRAHAM MASLOW 1908-1970

PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM

PE

ND

EK

ATA

N H

UM

AN

IST

IK

CARL ROGERS(1902-1987)

ABRAHAM MASLOW 1908-1970

GORDON ALLPORT(1897-1967)

ROLLO MAY(1909-1994)

Pendekatan ini berpendapat bahawa manusia adalah individu yang bebas dan baik dengan potensi untuk berkembang dan mempunyai sasaran untuk dicapai.

Teori ini menyatakan bahawa manusia terdorong bertindak melakukan sesuatu kemahuan atau keperluan.

Mengikut pendekatan ini,manusia sentiasa aktif dan bukan menunggu untuk dirancang oleh orang lain.

PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM

It focuses on: Job or market

oriented curriculum Skill learning

ECONOMICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM

Sociology is the study of social relationships, institutions and society.

It includes Value of society Media explosion New forms of

cooperation Culture etc.

SOSIOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM

Schools exist within the social context.

Schools are made to help to understand the changes globalization brings.

The relationship of curriculum and society is mutual and encompassing.

Schools are not only institutions that can educate people in the society.

SOSIOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM

-THE END-THANK YOU!!!