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As you navigate through this PowerPoint, make sure you fill in
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20TH CENTURY ART OF ENGLAND AND MEXICO MOST NOTED ARTISTS
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Mexico has had a history of political unrest ever since its war for independence in 1810-1821. From 1821-1857, 50 different governments were in power. After 1857, the government continued to be unstable as liberals and conservatives fought for power. It was not until the 1940s that uprisings ended and the republic gained more strength. The events since 1810 led to a time of great turmoil, experienced by the artists and therefore reflected in their art.
MEXICO – Introduction
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1810-1821: Declaration and war for independence1846: Mexican-American war1848: Loss of Texas and part of California to the US1853: US purchases land on the border1858: Benito Juarez takes power in a liberal reform period
MEXICO – Timeline (1810-1860)
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1862: the Battle of Puebla and the French take control of Mexico1867: Assassination of the Archduke and end of French control. 1877: The Porfiriato (Porfirio Diaz takes complete control after election)1910-1920: Mexican Revolution
MEXICO – Timeline (1860-1910)
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Important leaders:1911: Porfirio Diaz (exiled), Francisco Madero (assassinated)1913: Francisco León de la Barra, Pedro Lascuráin, Victoriano Huerta (arrested)1914: Francisco Carbajal, Eulalio Gutiérrez, Roque González Garza, Venustiano Carranza1915: Francisco Chazaro, Venustiano Carranza 1917: Creation of the modern constitution1919: Assassination of Emiliano Zapata
MEXICO – Timeline (1910-1920)
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Frida Kahlo - Mexico Mexican painter Married to artist
Diego Rivera Suffered from
illnesses including polio
Active communist Paintings
represented her pain and suffering in life
Diego en Mi Pensamiento (Diego in
My Thoughts), 1943
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Diego Rivera - Mexico Mexican
muralist Married to
artist Frida Kahlo
Active communist
Painted murals in many locations including the US
Part of the mural La Gran Tenochtitlan, (The Great
Tenochtitlan) 1945
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José Clemente Orozco - Mexico Mexican
painter Promoted
politics through art
Most common theme was human suffering
Illustrated The Pearl by John Steinbeck
Zapata, 1930
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Rufino Tamayo - Mexico One of the few
Mexican artists who did not paint to support politics
Painted “the real Mexico”
Known for his individuality and unique style Dos Hermanos (Two Brothers),
1987
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In contrast to Mexico’s history full of political issues, England’s history from 1810-1920 was concentrated on the industrial revolution and the advancement of technology to improve lives. While England did participate in several wars including World War I, the government was stable. England had six kings and queens during this time period. Instead of reflecting politics, there would be a whole new theme to the art produced at this time.
ENGLAND – Introduction
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1812-1815 – War of 1812 (US, France)1837 – Queen Victoria assumes the throne1845 – Irish Potato Famine and immigration to the US1851 – The Great Exhibition (A fair displaying the products of the continuing industrial revolution)1854-1856 – Crimean War with Russia
ENGLAND – Timeline (1810-1860)
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1860 – First public toilet (movement for sanitary conditions in cities)1863 – Opening of the Underground1868 – Discovery of disinfectants1876 – Elementary education required1877 – First public electric lighting1883 – First electric railway system1902 – Boer War with Dutch in Africa
ENGLAND – Timeline (1860-1910)
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1914 – Beginning of World War I1918 – End of World War I1920 – Ireland gains independence
ENGLAND – Timeline (1910-1920)
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Ben Nicholson - England British abstract
painter First artwork was
a Peter Pan poster for J. M. Barrie
Met Picasso A famous work is
the White Relief, painted wood with circles and right angles
White Relief, 1933
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Henry Moore - England British sculptor
and artist Best known for
abstract sculptures of humans, usually lying down
One of the key people who started English modernism
Reclining Figure, 1939
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Francis Bacon - England Irish painter Used bold
colors and graphics to show human suffering
Controversial for themes of torture and death Figure in Frame, 1950