MONARCHS OF EUROPE

• As the Church Lost Power, the government gained more.

• That power shifted to the Monarchs• Divine Right of Kings: Belief that God

Chooses Kings to rule. • “Princes, thus, act as minister of God,

and as His lieutenants on earth, it is through them that he acts on His Empire.”

BACKGROUND

FRANCEThe Monarchs

• Originally a Huguenot, but converted to Catholicism for his Country.

• “Paris is worth a mass!”• Edict of Nantes – A Order

that guaranteed freedom of worship and political rights.

• Improved the taxation systems so that nobles paid more.

HENRY IV

• Son of Henry IV, who was murdered in 1610.

• 8 years old at the time, so his mother ruled in his place.

• Took over in 1617, exiled mother, killed followers

• but was sickly and appointed Cardinal Richelieu to rule in his place.

LOUIS VIII

• Longest reign in French History 72 Years

• Strong believer in the Absolute power of the King

• Drained the Treasury by building Versailles.

• Government lived there, as well as the nobles.

• Nicknamed the Sun King because his power reached far and wide like the rays of the sun.

LOUIS XIV

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9mIjAq4Fmk

• King Louis The XIV believed military power was important.

• He increased the size of the military to about 400,000 – The most powerful in Europe.

• Fought 4 wars to expand territory to the Natural Borders. ( Atlantic Ocean, the mountains, and the sea)

• Struggle for a balance of power. • Led to financial strain.

WARS OF KING LOUIS XIV

• Appointed by Louis the XIV to be a financial advisor.

• He reformed the tax system so the middle class was not paying the majority of the taxes

• Made France a leading economic power• Increased the military• Promoted Colonization in American,

Canada, and Africa.• Did away with the Edict of Nantes, which

led to 200,000 Huguenots fleeing.

JEAN-BAPTISTE COLBERT

MONARCHS OF RUSSIA

• First to be named Czar of Russia• Absolute Power• Ruthless Leader• Built St. Basils Cathedral• http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=56f6V7L9B18&feature=related – part 1

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jO3_q_kQnCE – Part 2

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Anx4Lbdt4ic&feature=related –part 3

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djAHK_JGd_I&feature=related –Part 4

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=LSSG_L8ujb0 –Part 5

IVAN THE TERRIBLE

ST. BASILS CATHEDRAL

• Also could be a ruthless leader• Visionary for the future of Russia• Wanted to step away from

isolation, and make Russia more like the rest of Europe.

• Dressed up as a private citizen to in an attempt to gain European Allies

• Biggest goal was to get a warm water port for Russia from the Ottomans

PETER THE GREAT

RUSSIA UNDER PETER THE GREAT

• Failed to gain a warm water port, but through his travels learn a lot about western cultures.

• Westernized Russia• Built St. Petersburg and made it the Capital of

Russia, became the symbol of a Westernized Russia

• Incorporated French Clothing, more rights for women, forced nobles to shave their beards, and even French language.

• Modernized the army, Balance of Power

PETER THE GREAT

• Absolute control, including with the Orthodox Church

• Reformed the Government• Service nobility, Noble rank depended on

performance in government. • Nobles that were high ranking were given more

serfs, thus, increasing serfdom. • Strong Resentment from the citizens.

PETER THE GREAT

• Married to Peter III, Peter the Great grandson.

• Had the nobles kill her husband so she could be the sole ruler of Russia.

CATHERINE THE GREAT

• Supported the Arts, Sciences, Literature and theater.

• But these meant nothing to most Russians because they lived in extreme poverty.

• Wide gap between rich and poor• Greatness comes from foreign policy• Gained a warm water port with the black sea

and the region of Crimea• Overall gained over 200,000 square miles for

Russia, including colonizing Alaska

CATHERINE THE GREAT

MONARCHS OF ENGLAND

• Beginning in the 1400s, the Tudors became the English Royal Family

• Increased the power of England, Balance of Power

• Henry VII, the first Tudor Ruler. He stabilized England and made it prosperous.

• Henry VIII• Edwards VI, sickly. Only ruled six years.

THE HOUSE OF TUDOR

• The oldest daughter of Queen Henry VIII,

• First Reigning Queen of England

• Devoted Catholic• Determined to bring

England back to Catholicism

• Married Phillip II of Spain who helped lead the Counter Reformation in Spain

• Nicknamed Bloody Mary

QUEEN MARY I

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mjc7oxrEBwI

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=2Zh-151kyfw&NR=1

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=C7yc1eTHJb8

MOVIE!

• Becomes queen after Mary dies.

• Born Protestant, strengthens Protestantism.

• Never Married, Called the Virgin Queen

• Closet Relative: Mary Queen of Scots, a Catholic.

• Killed Mary Queen of Scots for plotting to overthrow

ELIZABETH I

• Defeated the Spanish Armada, a fleet of 130 ships called the invincible Armada.

• Spain was no longer a threat, and Elizabeth secured her protestant rule.

• Believed that religious disunity was harmful to England, so she punished those who did not follow Anglican Faith

• Puritans, Catholics, and other non-Anglican followers had to pay fines. (still better than others)

• Freedom of Speech in Parliment

ELIZABETH I

• Queen Elizabeth Dies, doesn’t have a blood heir

• King James of Scotland became King of England

• Stuart family, end of the Tudors

• Smart, but lacked common sense.

• “Wisest fool in Christendom.”

•

JAMES I

• Strong Supporter of the Anglican Church• Conflict of the Puritans who wanted reform in the

Church• Conceded with w new translation of the bible. The King

James Bible.• At odd with the Parliament, because there were a lot of

puritans.• Could never raise enough taxes to pay for his programs• To try an raise money he sold titles of nobility, granting

monopolies, and raising customs and duties. • Not liked, Tension against Stuarts explodes under the

rule of his son, Charles I.

JAMES I