As soon as you begin to exercise your muscle cells increase their demands for oxygen (O 2 ). As...
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Transcript of As soon as you begin to exercise your muscle cells increase their demands for oxygen (O 2 ). As...
As soon as you begin to exercise your muscle cells increase their demands for oxygen (O2). As exercise continues there is also an increased need to remove wastes such as carbon dioxide(CO2) and lactic acid.Immediately, your heart will beat faster and your breathing rate will increase to try and meet this demand.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Immediate responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Heart rate
Describe what happens
Increase in the volume of blood pumped with each contraction
Explain why it happens
Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more blood needs to travel to the muscles. Also more CO2 and lactic acid need to be removed
Immediate responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Stroke volume
(the amount of blood pumped by heart per beat)
Describe what happens
Increase in the amount of blood pumped from the heart per beat
Explain why it happens
Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more blood needs to travel to the muscles. Also more CO2 and lactic acid need to be removed
Immediate responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Cardiac Output
(CO = SV X HR)
Describe what happens
Increase in the amount of blood pumped from the heart each minute
Explain why it happens
Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more blood needs to travel to the muscles. Also more CO2 and lactic acid need to be removed
Immediate responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Blood to muscles
Describe what happens
Increase in the number of beats per minute
Explain why it happens
Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more blood needs to travel to the muscles. Also more CO2 and lactic acid need to be removed
Immediate responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Blood pressure
Describe what happens
Increases slightly. More blood gets to the muscles
Explain why it happens
The pressure of blood in the aorta rises due to more blood being pumped with each heartbeat
(like turning the tap up)
Immediate responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Respiration rate
(The no. of breathes you take per minute)
Describe what happens
Increase in the number of breathes taken per minute
Explain why it happens
Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more air containing oxygen is breathed in . More CO2 needs to be exhaled.
Immediate responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Oxygen uptake
(amount of oxygen muscles can take up and use in 1 minute)
Describe what happens
Increase. More oxygen is absorbed into the blood in the lungs
Explain why it happens
Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more oxygen needs to get into the blood to supply the muscles
Immediate responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Breathe deeper
Describe what happens
Rib cage expands and lungs fill up with more air
Explain why it happens
Muscles need more O2 so more air is needed in lungs
Immediate responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Body Temperature
Describe what happens
Working muscles produce heat
Explain why it happens
Blood transports heat to all parts of the body which causes the body to heat up
Immediate responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Sweat
Describe what happens
Skin gets wet
Explain why it happens
Prevents overheating. Condensation forms on the skin cooling the blood close to the skin surface. Also H2O excreted from muscles
In the long term the training effect on your cardio-respiratory system means that working muscles get a better oxygen delivery service which, in turn, means that you have the capacity to perform better aerobically .
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Long term responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Blood volume
Describe what happens
Increase in the amount of blood in the body
Explain why it happens
Muscles need more oxygen for contraction so more blood means more oxygen will get to the muscles
Long term responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Size of the heart
Describe what happens
Increase in the size of the heart
Explain why it happens
The heart works harder to pump blood so atrophy occurs (it develops more muscle fibres)
Long term responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Heart strength
Describe what happens
The heart gets stronger
Explain why it happens
The heart increases muscle fibres so gets stronger and so pumps more blood with each beat
Long term responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
Describe what happens
More blood and more red blood
cells are produced
Explain why it happens
More red blood cells can carry more
oxygen to the muscles
Long term responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Heart rate at rest
Describe what happens
Decrease in heart rate at rest
Explain why it happens
The heart is stronger and able to pump more blood per beat, more red blood cells carry more O2, O2 uptake is increased so the heart does not have to beat so fast to get required O2 to the muscles.
Long term responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Ability of lungs to distribute oxygen
Describe what happens
More oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream through
the lungs
Explain why it happens
The lungs take in more air, more capillaries develop in the lungs and so more O2 and CO2 are
exchanged
Long term responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Number of blood vessels
Describe what happens
Increase in number of blood vessels
Explain why it happens
More blood vessels are produced to cope with demands of more blood and O2 needed by the muscles to contract. As muscles get bigger more blood vessels are produced.
Long term responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Muscle size
Describe what happens
Increase (hypertrophy) in muscle size
Explain why it happens
More muscle fibres grow and an increase in the size of the fibres
Long term responses to exercise
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Response
Muscle strength
Describe what happens
Increase in muscle strength
Explain why it happens
More muscle fibres grow and an increase in the size of the fibres which in turn gives the muscle more strength
Identify and describe a long term response that occurs from completing a Running training programme.Explain how this response could improve you playing the game
Response identified
Heart rate at rest
Describe what happens
Decrease in heart rate at rest
Explain why it happens
The heart is stronger and able to pump more blood per beat, more red blood cells carry more O2, O2 uptake is increased so the heart does not have to beat so fast to get required O2 to the muscles.
Explain how response improves you playing the game
I will be able to keep running without getting tired as my heart has adapted to increased workloads
Anaerobic threshold
Having a high anaerobic threshold will benefit an endurance athlete or athlete who uses explosive movements? Explain why.
LABORATORY
To measure and observe some of the changes which take place in the body during exercise