(As per the latest CBSE Syllabus) ImperialStudy.com … · One out of two very long answer question...

Includes: Reading Skills WritingSkills&Grammar Interact inEnglishLiteratureReader Interact inEnglishMainCourseBook Interact inEnglishWorkbook Diary of aYoungGirlNovel TheStory ofMyLifeNovel

10CBSETERM-2

ENGLISHCommunicative

(As per the latest CBSE Syllabus)

FULL MARKS PVT LTDEducational Publishers

New Delhi-110002

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This book is meant for educational and learning purposes. The author(s) of the book has/have taken all reasonable care to ensure that the contents of the book do not violate any existing copyright or other intellectual property rights of any person in any manner whatsoever. In the event the author(s) has/have been unable to track any source and if any copyright has been inadvertently infringed, please notify the publisher in writing for corrective action.

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Branches: Ahmedabad Bengaluru Chennai Dehradun Guwahati Hyderabad Jaipur Kolkata Lucknow Mumbai Ranchi

NEW EDITION



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FULL MARKS ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE10 has been thoroughly revised as per the latest CBSE Syllabus.

As per the new Curriculum, Section A: Reading carries 20 marks with 02 Reading Tasks; Section B: Writing and Grammar carries 25 marks 15 for Writing and 10 for Grammar; Section C: Literature & Long Reading Text carries 25 marks 15 for Literature and 10 for Long Reading Text. Hence, now the question paper will carry only 70 marks. There will be an Assessment of Speaking & Listening (ASL) carrying 20 marks. Marking Scheme and the pattern of questions have been recently modified and so this book has been revised accordingly.

All SectionsReading, Writing, Grammar and Literature have been completely modified. This book contains perfect and high quality content in order to provide complete support to students.

The book meets the need of a high quality, up-to-date, dependable and learner-friendly resource. The support website www.fullmarks.org is an added benefit for the users where one can get much more and also an opportunity to share ones academic complexities.

Note from the Publisher



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Section Total Weightage90

A Reading Skills 20

B Writing Skills with Grammar 25

C Literature Textbooks and Long Reading Text 25

D Assessment of Speaking and Listening (ASL) 20

TOTAL 90

Note: It is division of marks assigned to all the four skills of language. The distribution of marks for Formative Assessments carrying 40% weightage may be done by the school themselves. A veriety of activities to assess all the skills of language may be used for Formative Assessments.

The Summative Assessment Question Papers, if developed by the schools themselves, may be for 70 marks to which 20 marks may be added for Assessment of Speaking and Listening skills making the paper of 90 marks. The one third of the 90 marks i.e. 30 should be added each in both Summative Assessments.

Assessment of Speaking and Listening skills (ASL) will be done formally at the term end examination in Summative-II. Schools can conduct ASL for Summative-I themselves as per the guidelines provided by the CBSE. However assessment of these skills may also be done under the Formative Activities spread over two terms.

There will be one written paper of English at the end of each term carrying 70 marks. The time limit will be three hours.

SECTION A: READING SKILLS 20 MARKS 50 PERIODSQs 1-2: This section will have two unseen passages of a total length of 700-750 words. The arrangement within the reading section is as follows: Q1. A Factual passage of 300-350 words with eight very short answer type

questions. 08 marks Q2. A Discursive passage of 350-400 words with four short answer type questions to

test inference, evaluation and analysis with four MCQs to test vocabulary. 12 marks

SYLLABUS



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SECTION B: WRITING SKILLS & GRAMMAR 25 MARKS 60 PERIODS Q3. Letter to the Editor/Article in about 100-120 words based on any visual/verbal

stimulus. 05 marks Q4. Writing a short story based on a given outline or cue/s in about 150-200 words.

10 marksThe Grammar syllabus will include the following areas in classes IX & X: 1. Tenses 2. Modals (have to/had to, must, should, need, ought to and their negative forms) 3. Use of passive voice 4. Subject verb concord 5. Reporting: (i) Commands and requests (ii) Statements (iii) Questions 6. Clauses: (i) Noun clauses (ii) Adverb clauses of condition and time (iii) Relative clauses 7. Determiners, and 8. PrepositionsThe above items may be tested through test types as given below: Q5. Gap Filling with one or two words to test Prepositions, Articles, Conjunctions and

Tenses. 03 marks Q6. Editing or Omission 04 marks Q7. Sentences Reordering or Sentence Transformation in context. 03 marks

SECTION C: LITERATURE TEXTBOOK 25 MARKS 60 PERIODS & LONG READING TEXT Q8. One out of two extracts from prose/poetry/play for reference to the context. Three

very short answer questions. One mark in each extract will be for vocabulary. One question will be used for testing

local and global comprehension and one question will be on interpretation. 03 marks

Q9. Four short answer type questions from the Literature Reader to test local and global comprehension of theme and ideas (30-40 words each). 2 4 = 08 marks

Q10. One out of two long answer type questions to assess how the values inherent in the text have been brought out. Creativity, imagination and extrapolation beyond the text and across the texts will be assessed (80-100 words). 04 marks

Q11. One out of two very long answer question on theme or plot involving interpretation, inferenece and character in about 150-200 words based on prescribed novel. 10 marks



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Prescribed Books: Published by CBSE, New Delhi

Interact in English Series: Main Course Book (Revised Edition) Workbook(RevisedEdition) LiteratureReader(RevisedEdition)

Novel (either one): Diary of a Young Girl 1947 By Anne Frank (unabridged edition) The Story of My Life 1903 By Helen Keller (unabridged edition)

NOTE: Teachers are advised to: (i) encourage classroom interaction among peers, students and teachers through

activities such as role play, group work etc. (ii) reduce teacher-talking time and keep it to the minimum, (iii) take up questions for discussion to encourage pupils to participate and to

marshal their ideas and express and defend their views, and (iv) use the performance descriptors scale for conversation skills to test the students

for continuous assessment.Besides measuring attainment, texts serve the dual purpose of diagnosing mistakes and areas of non-learning. To make evaluation a true index of learners attainment, each language skill is to be assessed through a judicious mixture of different types of questions. In addition to the summative tests, formative assessment is essential to measure the level of attainment in the four language skills and the learners communicative competence. Formative assessment should be done through in class activities throughout the year.

Reading Section: Reading for comprehension, critical evaluation, inference and analysis is a skill to be tested in Formative as well as Summative Assessments.Writing Section: All types of short and extended writing tasks will be dealt with in both I and II Term Formative as well as in Summative Assessments.Grammar: Grammar items mentioned in the syllabus will be taught and assessed formatively over a period of time. There will be no division of syllabus for Grammar in the Summative Assessment for the two terms.Speaking and Listening Skills: Since the introduction of Assessment of Speaking and ListeningSkills(ASL)inclassesIXandX,ithasbecomeimperativetocarryoutspeakingandlisteningactivitiesinregularclassroomteaching.SufficientpracticeshouldbegiventostudentsinordertopreparethemforASL.Performancedescriptorsshouldbesharedwith students from time to time. 50 Periods



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SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

TEXTBOOKS

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT-I SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT-II

LITERATURE READER

Prose

1. Two Gentlemen of Verona 1. A Shady Plot

2. Mrs. Packletides Tiger 2. Patol Babu, Film Star

3. The Letter 3. Virtually True

Poetry

1. The Frog and the Nightingale 1. Ozymandias

2. Mirror 2. The Rime of Ancient Mariner

3. Not Marble, nor the Gilded Monuments 3. Snake

Drama

1. The Dear Departed 1. Julius Caesar

MAIN COURSE BOOK

1. Health and Medicine 1. Environment

2. Education 2. Travel and Tourism

3. Science 3. National Integration

LONG READING TEXTNOVELS (either one)

Diary of a Young Girl1947 Diary of a Young Girl1947June 12, 1942 to March 14, 1944 March 16, 1944 to August 01, 1944By Anne Frank (unabridged edition) By Anne Frank (unabridged edition)

The Story of My Life1903 The Story of My Life1903Chapters 1-14 Chapters 15-23By Helen Keller (unabridged edition) By Helen Keller (unabridged edition)



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WORKBOOK* Suggested Break-up of Units for the Purpose of Classroom Teaching only NOT FOR TESTING (see the note below).

TERM-I TERM-I

1. Determiners 8. Comparison

2. Tenses 9. Avoiding Repetition

3. Subject-Verb Agreement 10. Nominalization

4. Non-Finites 11. Modals

5. Relatives 12. Active and Passive

6. Connectors 13. Reported Speech

7. Conditionals 14. Prepositions

* NOTE ON WORKBOOKThe suggested split up of the units of the Workbook reflects a distribution for the purpose of classroom teaching only. Since grammar and usage is not be tested discreetly, but in an integrated manner, the split up as shown above will not restrict question in the grammar section of SA I and SA II question papers to the specific units shown in the split up of Workbook units. Grammar will be tested by recycling grammar items learnt over a period of time in a comprehensive manner. Teachers may adapt this suggested distribution for classroom teaching making modifications according to their specific needs. Similarly Formative Assessment of grammar items may also be carried out in an integrated manner along with the skills of Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening as well as Literature.

Note: 1. Formative Assessment is assessment for learning. Thus schools may adapt the above break-up as per their convenience.

2. All activities related to Formative Assessment such as Language games, quizzes, projects, role plays, dramatization, script writing etc. must be done as in class and in school activities. In case, field survey or visit is taken up it must be under the direct supervision of the teacher.



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QUESTION PAPER DESIGN Typology Testing VSAQ Short Long Long Very Total competencies/ 1 mark Answer Answer Answer Long Marks learning outcomes Questions Question-I Question-II Answer 30-40 80-100 100-120 Question words words words 150-200 2 marks 4 marks 5 marks words (HOTS) 10 marks

Reading Conceptual Skills understanding decoding, analyzing, inferring, 12 04 20 interpreting and vocabulary.

Creative Expressing an opinion, Writing reasoning, justifying, Skills and illustrating, appropriacy Grammar of style and tone, using appropriate format and 10 01 01 25 fluency. Applying conventions, using integrated structures with accuracy and fluency.

Literature Recalling, reasoning, and appreciating, applying Textbooks literary conventions, extrapolating, illustrating and justifying etc. Extracting 03 04 01 01 25 relevant information, identifying the central theme and sub themes, understanding the writers message and writing fluently.

Total 2501 0802 0104 0105 0210 70 marks = 25 = 16 = 04 = 05 = 20 marks marks marks marks marks marks

Assessment Interaction, reasoning, of Speaking diction, articulation, and clarity, pronunciation 20 Listening and overall fluency Skills

TOTAL 90



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SECTION A: READING SKILLS 1. Factual Passages ................................................................................................................. 14 2. Discursive Passages ............................................................................................................ 33

SECTION B: WRITING SKILLS & GRAMMAR

PART I: WRITING SKILLS .......................................................................................... 58-86 3. Composition-I ..................................................................................................................... 58 4. Composition-II .................................................................................................................... 78

PART II: GRAMMAR ..................................................................................................... 87-102 5. Gap Filling .......................................................................................................................... 87 6. Editing Task ........................................................................................................................ 90 7. Sentence Reordering & Sentence Transformation ............................................................. 98

SECTION: C TEXTBOOKS

LITERATURE READER ............................................................................................... 103-310

Fiction F4. A Shady Plot ....................................................................................................................... 104 F5. Patol Babu, Film Star .......................................................................................................... 139 F6. Virtually True ...................................................................................................................... 171

Poetry P4. Ozymandias ........................................................................................................................ 201 P5. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner ....................................................................................... 214 P6. Snake ................................................................................................................................... 250

Drama D2. Julius Caesar ....................................................................................................................... 273

CONTENTS



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MAIN COURSE BOOK .................................................................................................. 311-386 4. Environment ....................................................................................................................... 311 5. Travel and Tourism ............................................................................................................. 341 6. National Integration ............................................................................................................ 368

WORKBOOK ................................................................................................................... 387-434 8. Comparison ......................................................................................................................... 387 Integrated Grammar Practice-4 ........................................................................................ 392 9. Avoiding Repetition ............................................................................................................ 395 10. Nominalisation .................................................................................................................... 400 Integrated Grammar Practice-5 ........................................................................................ 404 11. ModalsExpressing Attitudes ........................................................................................... 407 Integrated Grammar Practice-6 ........................................................................................ 412 12. Active and Passive .............................................................................................................. 415 Integrated Grammar Practice-7 ........................................................................................ 420 13. Reported Speech ................................................................................................................. 423 Integrated Grammar Practice-8 ........................................................................................ 427 14. Prepositions ......................................................................................................................... 430 Integrated Grammar Practice-9 ........................................................................................ 433

NOVEL/LONG READING TEXTS.............................................................................. 435-480 1. The Diary of a Young Girl .................................................................................................. 435 2. The Story of My Life .......................................................................................................... 453



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Factual Passages n 13

SECTION A

READING SKILLS20 MARKS

SYLLABUSSECTION A: READING SKILLS 20 MARKS 50 PERIODSQs 1-2: This section will have two unseen passages of a total length of 700-750 words. The arrangement within the reading section is as follows: Q1. A Factual passage of 300-350 words with eight very short answer type

questions. 08 marks

Q2. A Discursive passage of 350-400 words with four short answer type questions to test inference, evaluation and analysis with four MCQs to test vocabulary. 12 marks



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Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow them: (8 marks)

PASSAGE 1

AS DIRTY FACTORIES THRIVE, TOXINS SPREAD ACROSSIndustrial pollution is not restricted to the peripheries but is silently causing damage inside the city. On the Edge, a study by an NGO, has identified 18 potential pollution hotspots in the capital.Unsafe, and often unorganized, methods of e-waste dismantling, dyeing, lead acid battery recycling, cathode-ray tube (CRT) dismantling and other processes have given rise to health and environmental concerns, says the Toxics Link study. Delhi has more than 1.2 lakh industries and 29 industrial estates, necessitating a watch over acid and lead fumes, as well as groundwater and air pollution.The researchers assessed 51 industrial areas on five parameters--industrial processes, chemicals used, emissions, disposal technique and occupational health hazard. They found that 18 of them were flouting the norms.Prem Nagar in Mandoli houses 110 lead acid battery recycling units. There is no understanding of pollution control, claims the report. Most units in this area rely on coal-to-fuel crude furnaces and recover lead in a crude manner. While recycling, battery acid is dumped on the ground, waste pile or into a waterbody. As lead plates are melted, lead ash settles in the surroundings, collects on clothing or is inhaled by workers, it says. A large amount of waste at Seelampur, where e-waste is recycled, comes from the US and Europe. Workshops emit lead fumes and the melted lead solder often finds its way to nearby drains. The working conditions are appalling with poorly ventilated rooms and no safety measures, says the report about Moti Nagar, which recycles CFL devices.The landfills at Ghazipur, Bhalswa and Okhla are responsible for toxic leachate contamination of air and groundwater. The Najafgarh drain basin, which includes Wazirpur, Naraina, Anand Parbat and Okhla industrial areas, is the largest surface drain joining Yamuna and contributes to over 50% of the wastewater discharged into the river. Wazirpur is one of the worst managed areas with 1,200 small units, a majority of which are involved in steel pickling. The report also highlights the need to address toxic smoke and dust from open dumping, burning and spilling of chemicals. In 2011, MCD was supposed to close down around 22,000 units, but not much seems to have been done, said Satish Sinha of Toxics Link. Source: Times News Network

11 Factual Passages

14



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Word-Meaning: Restrictedlimited, lhferA Peripheriesouter-limits, ckgjh lhek,A Potential(here) likely, lEHkkforA Dismantlingdestroying, u"V djukA Concernworry, fpUrkA Emissionsthrowing out in the (air), (gok) esa ckgj NksM+ukA Floutingbreaking, vogsyuk djukA Norms(here) rules, fu;eA Crudenot refined, dPphA Appallingshocking, 'kkspuh;A Ventilated(here) airy, goknkjA Contaminatingpolluting, nwf"kr djrs gq,A Toxicpoisonous, tgjhykA Spillingseparating, vyx djukA

Questions (8 1 = 8) 1. Is industrial pollution restricted to the peripheries in Delhi? 2. How many potential pollution hotspots have been identified by an NGO? 3. Name three things that have given rise to health and environmental concerns. 4. What were the parameters of industrial areas assessed by the researchers? 5. Where does a large amount of waste at Seelampur come from? 6. What harm do the landfills at Ghazipur, Bhalswa and Okhla do to the environment? 7. Name the problems that should be addressed immediately as recommended by the

report. 8. What contributes to 50% of the wastewater discharged into the river?Answers 1. No, the industrial pollution has gone down deeper into the city of Delhi. 2. An NGO has identified 18 potential pollution hotspots in the capital. 3. Unsafe methods of the e-waste dismantling, dyeing and lead acid battery recycling

have given rise to health and environmental concerns. 4. The researchers assessed 51 industrial areas on the given parameters industrial

processes, chemicals used, emissions, disposal technique and occupational health hazard.

5. A large amount of waste at Seelampur where e-waste is recycled, comes from the US and Europe.

6. The landfills at Ghazipur, Bhalswa and Okhla contaminate air and ground water making it toxic.

7. The report highlighted the need to address toxic smoke and dust from open dumping, burning and spilling of chemicals.

8. The Najafgarh drain and the industrial areas contribute to over 50% of the wastewater discharged into the river.

PASSAGE 2 The government indicated on Tuesday that it was considering conferring the countrys highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, on Dhyan Chand. The home ministry has forwarded several recommendations to the PMO for awarding the legendary hockey player. It is now up to PM Narendra Modi to forward his name to the President.In reply to a question in the Lok Sabha, minister of state for home Kiren Rijiju said, The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President of India. Although no formal recommendations for Bharat Ratna are necessary, recommendations have been received from several quarters for Bharat Ratna for Late Major Dhyan Chand. These recommendations have been forwarded to the Prime Ministers Office.Speculation is rife over the identity of this years Bharat Ratna awardees, even as the government has ordered five medallions from the RBI Mint. Two names discussed most frequently are those of freedom fighter Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and of senior BJP leader Atal Behari Vajpayee.



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There has been a growing demand for conferring the award on Dhyan Chand ever since cricketing legend Sachin Tendulkar was given the award this year. The sports ministry had last year recommended Dhyan Chands name too, but the PMO nodded in favour of Tendulkar who had just announced his retirement from international cricket.Many quarters called this a bias in favour of the more popular sport cricket and maintained that Dhyan Chands contribution to sports and the nation was greater than Tendulkars and that he should have been considered first.Several noted people have already expressed favourable views on conferring the award on Dhyan Chand. Cricketer Virender Sehwag, during a CRPF function on Tuesday, said, I am not on the panel so I cant decide whether Dhyan Chand should get the award. But I believe all great sports men who have contributed immensely to any sport must be awarded. Sachin Tendulkar has already got the Bharat Ratna. Others too should be considered.Meanwhile, several BJP MPs, responding to news of Dhyan Chands name having been included in the probable awardees list, expressed happiness. Sports minister Sarbananda Sonowal was quoted as saying: If Major Dhyan Chand is given the Bharat Ratna, we will all be really happy.Born in 1905, Dhyan Chand earned the moniker of Hockey Wizard for his superb skills and ball control. He won three Olympic gold medals for India between 1928 and 1936.Dhyan Chand retired from the game in 1948 and was awarded the Padma Bhushan eight years later. He retired from the Indian Army with the rank of Major and passed away in New Delhi in 1979 at the age of 79. The National Stadium, where the first ever Asian Games were held in 1951, is named after the great player and at the entrance, houses a giant statue of the legendary player.

Word-Meaning: Indicatedpointed out, b'kkjk fd;kA Legendary(here) historically great, ,sfrgkfld O;fDrRoA Speculationsguess work, vUnktsA Mintwhere currency is printed or cast, VdlkyA Biasprejudice, bZ";kZA Moniker(a great name), uke dekukA

Questions (8 1 = 8) 1. What is the intention of the government regarding conferring the Bharat Ratna award

this year? 2. Who has to forward Dhayan Chands name to the President of India for the award? 3. What has the government ordered to the RBI Mint? 4. Who was the first sportsman to be awarded the Bharat Ratna award? 5. Is Dhyan Chands contribution to sports and the nation lesser than Tendulkars? 6. What does Sehwag say about the award? 7. What was the moniker that Dhyan Chand earned during his lifetime? 8. What is the National Stadium named after?Answers 1. The intention of the government is to confer the countrys highest civilian honour,

the Bharat Ratna on Dhyan Chand. 2. The PM Narendra Modi has to forward Dhyan Chand s name to the President of

India for the award. 3. The government has ordered five medallions from the RBI Mint. 4. Sachin Tendulkar was the first sportsman to be awarded the Bharat Ratna award. 5. No, Dhyan Chands contribution to sports and the nation is greater than that of

Tendulkars. 6. Sehwag says that the Bharat Ratna award should be conferred on Dhyan Chand.



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7. Dhyan Chand earned the moniker of Hockey Wizard in his life time. 8. The National Stadium, Delhi is named after the great Hockey Wizard, Dhyan Chand.

PASSAGE 3

DIFFICULT BUT WORTH ITWith high-visibility film releases and continued discounts on all brands, Delhiites usually have a lot to do on their much awaited August 15 holiday. But as some kite lovers tell us, even with all the options available to them, switching off from those options and coming back to kites and socializing is worth it. Amit Chadha, who runs his own business in Kamla Nagar, tells us, The excitement of flying kites is not the same as it used to be when we were kids. Tab toh kuch aur hota hi nahi tha karne ko, sirf terrace kite wars hote they. Now, cancelling movie and travel plans to fly kites with friends seems like a bad idea to most, but my group of friends and I still make it happen. We think its worth switching off from the usual rigmarole on one day and doing something relaxed and fun like this. Every year, we get a lot of friends who see our updates online, and then join us by the evening. This year also, we have a kite flying get-together at my place on the 15th.Saurabh Tiwari, an MBA student staying with his family in Paschim Vihar in West Delhi, adds, Ive been away from home for the last two I-Days, but now that I am back, I want to do what weve always done on this day get a music system on the roof, some snacks, lots of friends - and fly kites. I have made a WhatsApp group and Im convincing my friends to get together and come over to our old flats terrace. August 15 used to be a day-long kite-flying party for us, and I really want to do the same thing now, even though it doesnt happen so much in other parts of the city these days.

Passing on the traditionGetting over the whole August 15 kite flying concept is most difficult for children of the 80s and the 90s, who have grown up participating in society functions where they indulged in kite battles. And for them, getting their kids and the next generation excited about the same is a very important challenge. Juhi Malpani Bhatt, a professor of architecture, who stays with her family in Dwarka, tells us, When we were kids, we would get excited about kites weeks in advance. I really missed all that when I moved out of Delhi for a short while. But now, I want both my kids to feel the same way about kites. Weve been getting them kites for the past couple of years, and thanks to their school functions and our efforts, theyve developed a liking for it and that makes me happy and nostalgic.Vinod Taneja, who works with a bank in Green Park, is still trying to get his kids out of their rooms and onto the terrace. He says, For us, kite flying came so naturally. We were never taught how to do it, bas dekhi dikhai ho jaati thi. I am trying to get my son to be involved in the whole August 15 kite flying thing now. But usko TV se hata ke upar leke jaana hi ek struggle hai. Plus, how do I teach him? This year again, weve got kites and manjhas and have invited friends over. I really want him to feel the way we felt about this day. So lets see what happens.

Word-Meaning: Visibilityin sight, ukj esa vk;h gqbZA Optionsalternatives, fodYiA Switching offchanging, cnyukA Rigmarolecomplicated, isphnkA Conceptidea, fopkjA Manjhasthread for flying kites, Mksj] ek>kA

Questions (8 1 = 8) 1. What do some kite lovers tell about their option? 2. What does Amit Chadha say about the excitement of flying kites? 3. Do people in general like cancelling movies and travel plans to fly kites?



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18 n English-CommuniCativEREading skillsX

4. How does Saurabh Tiwari enjoy flying kites on the roof? 5. Is getting over the whole August 15 kite flying concept easy for children of the 80s

and 90s? 6. What makes Juhi happy and nostalgic? 7. How does Vinod Taneja struggle with his son regarding kite flying? 8. What does Vinod Taneja want his son to feel?Answers 1. Some kite lovers would like to use the option of flying kites on August 15. 2. Amit Chadha feels that the excitement of flying kites is not the same as it used to

be when he was a kid. 3. No, people in general would not like cancelling movies and travel plans to fly kites. 4. Saurabh Tiwari will take some snacks, a music system and lots of friends on the roof

to enjoy kite flying on the Independence Day. 5. No, the children of 80s and 90s were brought up in the tradition of flying kites on

the Independence Day. 6. Flying kites on the Independence Day with her kids makes Juhi happy and nostalgic. 7. Vinod Taneja struggles with his son as the child is glued to the television and has

no interest in flying kites. 8. Vinod Taneja wants his son to feel the way he felt about the Independence Day himself

when he was a kid.

PASSAGE 4

US PIPS RUSSIA AS TOP ARMS SUPPLIER TO INDIAThe US has overtaken Russia as the largest arms supplier to India in the last three years. But in terms of overall numbers, Russia still remains the biggest weapons exporter to India, having notched military sales worth over $40 billion since the first MiG-21 jets and T-55 tanks in the 1960s to the present-day Sukhoi-30MKI fighters and T-90S main-battle tanks.Russia, of course, is now running scared of the aggressive inroads being made by the US into the money-spinning Indian arms market, as if the continuing challenge from France and Israel was not enough. India, incidentally, has even turned to Israel to upgrade some of its Russian-origin equipment.With IAF having inducted over 200 of the 272 Sukhoi-30MKI fighters ordered for over $12 billion, Russia is eager to quickly seal the final R&D contract with India to jointly develop the stealth fifth-generation fighter aircraft. If India indeed moves to induct over 200 such swing-role stealth fighters in the next decade, it will spend close to $35 billion on them.



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But that is in the future. On Tuesday, in a written reply to Rajya Sabha, defence minister Arun Jaitley said India spent Rs 83,458 crore on importing weapons over the last three years. The US stood first in this list with Rs 32,615 crore, followed by Russia (Rs 25,364 crore), France (Rs 12,047 crore) and Israel (Rs 3,389 crore).The US has bagged Indian defence deals worth almost $10 billion since 2007-2008. The deals include ones for 12 C-130J Super Hercules aircraft ($2 billion), eight P-8I long-range maritime patrol aircraft ($2.1 billion) and 10 C-17 Globemaster-III giant strategic airlift aircraft ($4.1 billion), as earlier reported by TOI.India is also now close to inking another two deals with the US, worth over $2.5 billion, for 22 Apache attack helicopters and 15 Chinook heavy-lift choppers. Both these helicopters outgunned their Russian rivals, Mi-28 Havocs and Mi-26s, in the sweepstakes. The Apache deal will get bigger in the coming years since the Army also wants 39 such attack helicopters after IAF inducts the first 22.US defence secretary Chuck Hagel also made a renewed pitch for co-production of another dozen arms projects during his visit here last week. They range from Javelin anti-tank guided missiles, MH-60 Romeo multi-role helicopters, big data and cyber-security to magnetic catapults for aircraft carriers, spy drones, mine-scattering systems and 127mm warship guns.India has consciously tried to diversify its arms imports since the 1999 Kargil conflict due to Russias propensity to not adhere to delivery schedules, jack up costs midway through execution of contracts, create hurdles in transfer of technology and unreliable spares supply. The long-delayed delivery of aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya (Admiral Gorshkov) as well as the huge jump in its refit cost to $2.33 billion was just the most prominent example of it. Source: Times of India

Word-Meaning: Pipsbeats in the race, nkSM+ esa iNkM+ nsrk gSA Notchedachieved, izkIr dj fy;k gSA Scaredfearful, Mjk gqvkA Consciouslydeliberately, tku cw> djA Diversifybranch out, nwljs {ks=kksa esa izos'k djukA Propensityinclination, >qdkoA Adherefollow, viukuk] ekuukA Jack upincrease, c


5. The US, Russia, France and Israel are the four countries that have topped in the sales of weapons to India.

6. US defence secretary made a renewed pitch for co-production of arms in another dozen projects.

7. India is consciously trying to diversify its arms imports as it doesnt want to depend on any one country, mainly Russia, in this regard.

8. INS Vikramaditya is an aircraft carrier of the Indian Navy.

PASSAGE 5

LOOKING TO MAKE A FRESH STARTYesterday, the nation heard its first Independence Day speech by a prime minister born after Independence. Expectations were sky high. And Narendra Modi did deliver, while posting some surprises along the way.For years the norm has been ho-hum speeches and abstract statistics, while doling out favours to different sectors, communities and states. Modi turned that formula on its head, taking it out for a John F Kennedy spin Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. Do jan bhagidhari instead of always asking mujhe kya milega.He also broke with the formulaic fetishising of diversity. He spoke to a shared national character by speaking to shared shame like rapes. A good speech is judged by its style and substance, but above all by its impact. The PMs words on reducing rapes drew huge applause at Red Fort but they derive their true power from the possibility of how they will be heard in the millions of households where they were beamed.No sooner do girls enter puberty that parents become super vigilant, keeping a constant check on where they are going, who they are meeting. From the grand heights of Red Fort, the PM spoke the plainest commonsense It would be better all round if parents quizzed their sons more and daughters less. After all every rapist and almost every extremist is someones son.He laid out an ambitious goal of a toilet in every school within a year, saying it was at this level that giving dignity to the poor started. Speaking extempore, hes shown an ability to meld small details the difficulty that poor women face in relieving themselves with a larger vision and agenda for implementation: a manufacturing revolution, financial inclusion and digital makeover.While Modi may have passed the oratorical test big questions remain: of implementation. For example, take his invitation to the world to Make in India everything from paper to plastic, satellite to submarines. This wont be heeded until India makes big improvements in infrastructure, the land acquisition logjam, labour laws et al.He indicated a greater role for states by reading the obituary of the Planning Commission. Federalist direction was echoed in urging every MP to develop model villages by the next elections. Since there are more MPs from BJP than other parties, its an example of how this PM treads development and electoral tracks simultaneously.Modi was very conscious of addressing all Indians as directly as possible. But he sent a message across the border too If our ancestors threw the coloniser out together, cant we just get along now? Instead of fighting each other, lets fight poverty together. This year, Indias Independence Day speech is sure to get some attention in the neighbourhood too.



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Word-Meaning: Expectationhope, vk'kkA Normsrules, fu;eA Abstract Statisticsvague accounts, vLi"V vkdMs+A Doling outmoney given by the government, ljdkj }kjk iSlk@ku nsukA Formulaicaccording to a formula, iQkeZwykxrA Fetishising(here) spending too much time, cgqr le; yxkrs gq,A Super vigilantover cautious, vfr lkokkuA Quizzedasked questions, loky fd;k tkukA Extempore(here) speaking without reading, vfyf[kr Hkk"k.kA Oratorical(here) speaking art, Hkk"k.k dykA Acquisitionacquiring, gkWfly djukA Logjambottlenecks, ckkk,A Simultaneouslyat the same time, mlh le;A

Questions (8 1 = 8) 1. How did the nation hear the first Independence Day speech of Narendra Modi? 2. What did Modi remind the people like John F. Kennedy? 3. How did the PM speak to a shared national character? 4. When and why do parents become super vigilant? 5. Why did the PM ask the parents to quiz their sons more than their daughters? 6. Did the PM deliver a prepared and written speech on the Independence Day? 7. What invitation did Modi send to the nations of the world regarding India? 8. What should we do instead of fighting each other?Answers 1. The nation heard the first Independence Day speech of Narendra Modi with great

expectations and hopes. 2. Like John F. Kennedy, Modi reminded his countrymen what they can do for their

nation than asking what the nation can do for them. 3. The Prime Minister spoke freely to a shared national character by speaking to a

shared shame like rapes. 4. Parents become super vigilant when their daughters attain puberty, keeping a

constant watch on their activities. 5. The PM asked the parents to quiz their sons more than their daughters as every

rapist and extremist is someones son. 6. No, the Prime Minister made an extempore speech on the Independence Day. 7. Modi invited the advanced nations of the world to invest in India and make things

in India. 8. Instead of fighting each other, we should fight poverty together.

PASSAGE 6 Two-thirds of a century into Indias independence, two aspects of the countrys political evolution are noteworthy. The first is the institutionalization of the periodic transfer of power, peacefully and predictably, recently evident in NDAs victory earlier this year. But the journey has been much rockier with regard to another critical question: how to direct that power for the broader public good.While popular commentary on political power focuses on its misuse for private gain or corruption, there has been less attention on the limited ability of political power to translate intentions into outcomes.The history of independent India is replete with government programmes, ranging from state-owned enterprises to multiple poverty programmes, where political power did have good intentions, but where outcomes have left much to be desired. Critics have put the onus on misaligned incentives and a craven political-bureaucratic nexus.



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These factors have their roots in a distinctive feature of Indias political evolution: namely the weakness of the Indian state, hobbled as much by lack of competence as by corruption. Historically the state in India has always been weak and this changed only modestly after Independence. Yes, the state expanded massively; and yes the social composition of the functionaries of the Indian state has changed markedly.Size and social legitimacy undoubtedly have built state strength the negative power of the Indian state to thwart is certainly manifest. But positive power the power to do something, to execute programmes and provide basic public goods that are the bread and butter of a states responsibilities to its citizens is still a far cry.Why strong states develop in some societies and not in others is a complex historical question. One argument is that a strong state can only be built on a firm foundation of nationhood which itself is still a work-in-progress in India. Another view is that warfare laid the foundations of the modern nation state especially in Europe and East Asia.Historian Charles Tilly famously argued that states make war and war makes states, a reference to the rise of the modern European state after centuries of warfare among hundreds of polities and kingdoms. The ability to wage war successfully requires states to create viable systems of taxation, mobilization and coordination and only those states that can, survive. But these attributes are also critical for any modern state to deliver public goods and services. Devesh Kapur

Word-Meaning: Evolution(here) peaceful progress, fodklA Institutionalisationbecoming a part of an organised system, laLFkkxr Hkkx gks tkukA Periodic(here) from time to time, le; ijA Predictablypossible, lEHkkforA Evidentclear, Li"VA Rockier(here) hard, dfBuA Focussescentres on, osQfUnzr gSA Intentionsdesirous of doing, bjknsA Replete(here) full of, Hkjh gSA Outcomesresults, ifj.kkeA Onusresponsibility, ftEesnkjhA Misalignednot in a correct position, xyr fLFkfrA Incentivessomething that encourages, izksRlkgu nsus okyhA Cravencowardly, dk;jrkiw.kZA Bureaucraticof officials, viQlj'kkgh dkA Nexus(here) (evil) connection, xBtksM+A Distinctivedifferent, vyxA Hobbledlimping, yxM+krs gq,A Competenceability, ;ksX;rkA Modestly(here) limited, lhfer


3. There has been more stress on talking than, giving attention to the implementation, of schemes by the government.

4. The outcomes of the good intentions of the government were not very encouraging. 5. Misaligned incentives and the nexus between politicians and bureaucrats have been

held responsible for the poor show. 6. Providing relief to the masses and implementing the welfare programmes has

remained a far cry so far. 7. Another view is that warfare laid the foundations of the modern nation state in Europe

and East Asia. 8. Historian Charles Tilly argues that states make war and war makes states.

PASSAGE 7

SKILLING INDIA: THE WAY AHEADIndia has over 35,000 institutions of higher education, a number that is one of the largest in the world.The central and state universities together still comprise a substantial percentage of them. However, over the next decade or two, this is likely to shift towards private institutions as more and more Indians decide to get higher education.India today is a rapidly changing country, which is markedly different from what it was 20 years ago when it started on a new path to liberalisation. With a large number of companies in the other hemisphere outsourcing jobs to India, the country has virtually become the worlds back-office. This has also spurred the demand for quality graduates in multiple disciplines.With the number of middle class Indians swelling, the requirements of careers changing and a new breed of young Indians leading the clamour for world-class education at home, Indias education sector is also changing rapidly.The Gross Enrolment Ratio or GER in higher education in India is still a little less than 15 per cent. This too varies from region to region.With 60 per cent of this huge population under the age of 25, the demand for higher education is set to grow. The government is responding to these requirements by establishing more AIIMS and IITS across states, but given the states limited resources, there remains a certain limit to governments spending on education. In these circumstances, the rapidly increasing demands of Indians on the education front can be met only when the private sector invests heavily in the field. And this is something it is already doing.According to a McKinsey report on Indian demography, 590 million people will live in Indian cities by 2030, almost twice the current US population. There will be 91 million urban homes by 2030 in India, as against 20 million today. A large number of rural residents would be shifting base to urban centers, giving up their age-old family profession of farming and cultivation in favour of new avenues for their children.These create a never-before seen demand for higher education in India. This is where the role of the private sector will and is proving to be crucial.It is not just the numbers that are increasing. Another major shift is in the demand for quality. More globally-exposed Indians are today asking why a greater number of Indian educational institutions cannot provide world-class education, comparable to prestigious foreign institutions.



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Consequently, not only are more and more private universities and colleges emerging everywhere, but also there is an increasing consciousness among education providers that quality education is what the young Indians are looking for. Private universities are also breaking new paradigms in education by offering wide options of learning to students and developing new mechanisms of learning. The teaching techniques and the quality of learning have also been transformed. Indian institutions today are also working to cater to a growing international clientele of students that are looking for new pastures to get an education. Some prestigious institutions today also attract foreign students to the country, with their state-of-the-art infrastructure and world-class education. It is time the government recognises the role of private sector education in building a sound future for India. Arvina Purkayastha

Word-Meaning: Substantialenough, dkiQhA Rapidlyfast, rsth lsA Virtuallyliterally, okLro esaA Spurredincreased, c


PASSAGE 8 NEW SAFETY RULES FOR E-RICKSHAWS SOON

Importing motors, batteries and other parts from China to assemble e-rickshaws and selling them in India by fly-by-night operators wont be possible any more with the road transport ministry set to tighten norms governing safety and quality of such vehicles.The new norms and mandatory tests would take care of safety concerns including roll over, brake, battery quality, speed, installation of rear view mirrors for drivers and other parameters for all vehicle parts besides passing gradient test since e-rickshaws also need to cross flyovers. All new models will have to undergo about 28 tests and must comply with the norms before these are registered and are allowed to ply.However, the biggest catch is how the government would regularize the thousands of e-rickshaws that are already plying or standing idle after the Delhi high court order.TOI has learnt that there will be one-time registration of these battery-operated vehicles. The mechanism that is being mooted is the e-rickshaw association would prepare a list of e-rickshaw models and certify them before submitting it to the state government, in case of the capital it would be Delhi government by a cut off date. The transport department would then submit it to test agencies notified under the Central Motor Vehicle Rules such as ICAT and IRAI. After getting the certificate from test agencies the department would register e-rickshaws of that model.But this provision is set to face severe criticism since pulling power tests on 53 e-rickshaws by TERI showed that the components and processes used in the manufacturing of these vehicles are not standardized. Therefore, the performances of e-rickshaws belonging to the same model vary, it had concluded.S P Singh of IFTRT, a think tank on transport issues, said, These vehicles have over 150 variants with different size, structure, material, wheels and tyres, mismatch in payload and gross vehicle weight. Any attempt to retrospective regularization is illegal.He added e-rickshaw kits were imported, assembled and sold in Delhi and other cities and were purchased ignoring notices issued since 2012. Since the manufacturers and assemblers have shortchanged the public exchequer and have sold unsafe, non-certified vehicles for greed they should be directed to take back these vehicles and refund the money to buyers. There cannot be trade off between road safety and business gains, Singh said. Source: Times of India

Word-Meaning: Normsrules, fu;eA Mandatorycompulsory, vfuok;ZA Complyfollow, vuqlj.k djuk] ekuukA Ply(here) move on roads, lM+d ij pyukA Catcha hidden difficulty, Nqih gqbZ ckkk@ijs'kkuhA Mootedput forward, izLrko j[kk x;k gSA Severeharsh, dBksjA Componentsparts, fgLlsA Standardizedaccording to the given standards, ekud osQ vuqlkjA Retrospectivefrom the back date, ihNs lsA Exchequertreasury, [ktkukA

Questions (8 1 = 8) 1. What attitude is the transport ministry going to adopt towards the e-ricks operators? 2. What tests will have to be cleared by all new models of e-rickshaws? 3. What is the biggest catch in the governments ambitious plans? 4. When will the department register e-rickshaws of a particular model? 5. Do the e-rickshaws of the same model give the same performance? 6. How have the assemblers deceived the public and the exchequer?



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7. What is the opinion of a think-tank on transport issues?. 8. Can there be any trade off between road safety and business gains?Answers 1. The transport ministry is set to tighten norms governing safety and quality of

e-rickshaws. 2. All new models will have to undergo 28 tests, and must comply with the safety norms

before they are registered. 3. The biggest catch in this ambitious plan of the government is the regularisation of

thousands of rickshaws that are already plying or standing idle after the High Courts order.

4. The department will register a particular model of e-rickshaw only, after it has cleared all the 28 tests.

5. No, the e-rickshaws of the same model may not give the same kind of performance. 6. The assemblers who deceived the public and the exchequer must be directed to take

back these vehicles and refund the money to buyers. 7. The think-tank on transport issues opined that e-rickshaws have over 150 variants

with different size, structure, material, wheels and tyres, mismatch in payload and gross vechicle weight.

8. No, there cant be any trade off between road safety and business gains.

PASSAGE 9 It was in the 1986 Asian Games at Seoul when Kartar Singh beat Pakistans Shahid Pervaiz Butt in 100kg category to claim the yellow metal. It was the last time an Indian grappler had won gold in the Asian Games.Twenty eight years hence, the wrestling contingent will be looking to break the jinx.The wrestling squad -7 freestyle, 7 Greco-Roman and 4 women will be without two-time Olympic medallist Sushil Kumar who pulled out due to a shoulder injury and lack of preparation.In his absence, London Olympics bronze medallist and Glasgow Commonwealth Games gold winner Yogeshwar Dutt will spearhead the Indian challenge in Incheon.We have trained very well. Sushil ki kami khalegi (The squad will miss Sushils presence). But we are still expecting around four to five medals in freestyle and this includes some gold medals too. In wrestling, an Asian Games medal is like winning the World Championship, a confident Yogeshwar said.Indias performance dropped from six medals (1 silver and 5 bronze) in the 2006 Asiad in Doha to only three bronze medals in 2010. But this time round, the squad promises to surpass expectations.Young Amit Kumar, who won gold in the Glasgow Commonwealth Games and bronze in the World Championship, is one of the leading contenders for gold in the 57kg category. World No. 1 Hassan Rahimi of Iran is likely to pose a tough challenge for the Indian, who is ranked second in the world.World No. 5 Narasingh Yadav will fill in for Sushil in the 74kg category while World Junior medallist Praveen Rana (70kg), who also won a gold in Colorado Springs, US, early this year, will look to impress. The 70kg category is being introduced for the first time after the International wrestling federation (FILA) introduced new rules and tweaked weight categories late last year in an attempt to make the sport more exciting.



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FaCtual PassagEs n 27

Glasgow CWG silver medallist Bajrang Punia (61kg), bronze medallist Pawan Kumar (86kg) and silver medallist Satayavrat Kadiyan (97kg) complete the line-up in the freestyle category.There will be no participation in the 125kg category. The Indians are likely to face a stiff challenge from South Korea, Mongolia, Iraq, Japan and Kazakhstan.This team is better than the team that participated in Guangzhou in 2010. Yogeshwar and Amit are contenders for gold while Bajrang, Praveen and Narsingh have the capability to contribute to Indias medal haul, coach Yashvir summed it up.In the Greco-Roman, India, traditionally a force at the Asian level, are likely to return with a rich medal haul. The squad includes five-time Commonwealth champion and Asian Games bronze medalist Ravinder, Asian champion Krishan Kumar Yadav, World Championship bronze winner Sandeep Yadav, Asian Championship bronze medalist Manoj Kumar and, Arjuna Awardee Dharmender Dalal.

Word-Meaning: Yellow metalgold, lksukA Break the jinxbreak the bad luck, nqHkkZX; nwj gksukA Surpasscross, ikj dj tkukA Contenders(here) rivals, izfr}anhA Stiffhard, dBksjA

Questions (8 1 = 8) 1. When did an Indian grappler win gold in the Asian games last time? 2. What has the wrestling contingent been looking forward to during these 28 years? 3. Name the Olympic medalist who has pulled out of the games due to a shoulder injury. 4. Who will spearhead the Indian challenge in wrestling in Incheon? 5. How is winning an Asian games medal in wrestling like? 6. How did India perform in 2010 in New Delhi? 7. Who will fill in for Sushil in the 74 kg category at the Asian games? 8. Name the countries that will throw a stiff challenge to Indian wrestlers in Incheon.Answers 1. It was in 1986 Asian games at Seoul when the Indian wrestler Kartar Singh won the

gold medal last. 2. During these 28 years the wrestling contingent has been looking forward to break

the jinx. 3. Sushil Kumar, the two time Olympic medallist, has pulled out of the Asian Games

2014 due to a shoulder injury. 4. Yogeshwar Dutt, who won the bronze at the London Olympics will spearhead the

Indian challenge in wrestling in Incheon. 5. Winning an Asian Games medal in wrestling is like winning the world championship. 6. Indias performance dropped from six medals in Doha to only three bronzes in 2010

Asian Games. 7. Nar singh Yadav, World No. 5, will fill in for Sushil in the 74 kg category. 8. South Korea, Mongolia, Iraq, Japan and Kazakhstan will throw a stiff challenge to

Indian wrestlers in Incheon.

PASSAGE 10 98 COUNTRIES HAVE ABOLISHED DEATH PENALTY

Written history has several mentions of capital punishment. The legal principle lex talionis an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a life for a life was mentioned in the 18th century BCE code of Babylonian king Hammurabi. Many ancient societies had similar



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codes to justify judicial executions. The 7th century BCEs Draconian Code of Athens, the 5th century BCE Roman Law and Kautilyas Arthasastra, all had provisions of death sentence. These executions were done by several methods like crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, stoning, burning alive, impalement, hanging and so on.According to Amnesty Internationals 2014 report on death penalties, in 2013, at least 778 executions were reported in 22 countries, 96 more than in 2012. With at least 369 executions in the year, Iran leads the list. It is followed by Iraq (169+), Saudi Arabia (79+), USA (39) and Somalia, where at least 34 judicial executions took place. Other countries that reported more than 10 executions were Sudan and Yemen. The global executions figure does not include China which is believed to have been executed thousands of convicts. China classifies death penalty as a state secret. The report also shows that at least 1,925 people were sentenced to death in 57 countries in 2013. As of 2013, there are 23,392 death row inmates globally. The methods of execution range from beheading, hanging, lethal injection to shooting.Amnesty International reports that as of the end of 2013, more than two-thirds of all countries have abolished death penalty in law or in practice. There are 98 countries which have abolished it for all crimes. Most of these are in Western Europe and the Americas. Seven countries, including Brazil, Chile and Kazakhstan have abolished it for ordinary crimes. In these countries, death penalty can only be given for exceptional crimes such as crime committed under military law or under exceptional circumstances. Another 35 countries are categorized as abolitionist in practice. These retain the death penalty for ordinary crimes, but there have been no executions in the past 10 years. The death sentence is retained by the legal system of 58 countries. More than half of the worlds population lives in these countries.They say that it is possible for innocent people to get executed because of unfair and discriminatory application of the death penalty. Studies across the world have shown that in most cases the person sentenced to death is from an economically and socially backward section of society, indicating the inability to hire good lawyers to contest their cases. Many studies have suggested that there is no evidence to show that capital punishment has any effect on murder rates. It is also argued that the sentence is a denial of human rights and sends a wrong message that killing is acceptable under certain circumstances.

Word-Meaning: Mentionsdescriptions, o.kZuA Capital punishmentdeath, e`R;qnaMA Codes(here) laws, dkuwuA Executionskillings, ekjukA Provisions(here) alternatives, mik;A Convictsthose punished by the law, ltk;krk oSQnhA Ethal(here) deadly, ?kkrdA Categorizedlisted as, lwphc gSaA Abolitionistthose who believe in abolition, tks mUewyu esa@gVkus esa fo'okl djrs gSaA Executedkilled, ekjs tkukA

Questions (8 1 = 8) 1. What did the code of Babylonian king Hammurabi say about death penalty? 2. Name any three methods of executing the death penalty to the condemned persons. 3. How many people were executed in 2013 in different countries of the world? 4. Why does the Amnesty Internationals 2014 report not include China in it? 5. How many countries have abolished the death sentence? 6. How many countries retain the death sentence in their legal system? 7. What do opponents of capital punishment say? 8. Is there any evidence to show that capital punishment has any effect on murder

rates?



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FaCtual PassagEs n 29

Answers 1. The code of Hammurabi believed in the concept an eye for an eye, a tooth for a

tooth, a life for life. 2. Crucifixion, burning alive and hanging were the three main methods of executing

the death penalty to the condemned persons. 3. According to Amnesty Internationals 2014 report, at least 778 people were executed

in 22 countries in 2013. 4. The Amnesty Internationals 2014 report doesnt include China as it classifies death

penalty as a state secret. 5. There are 98 countries in the world which have abolished the death penalty for all

crimes. 6. The legal system of 58 countries still retain the death sentence for the condemned

persons. 7. They argue that the death sentence is a denial of human rights to live. 8. There is no concrete evidence to show that capital punishment has any appreciable

effect on murder rates.

TEST YOUR SKILLSRead the passages given below and answer the questions that follow them: (8 marks) 1. BPOs have often been faulted for the lack of women in their senior managerial

positions. Communication and self-expression are the key challenges that women working in the BPO sector face today. These problems arise from lack of confidence, says the CEO of sitagita.com, a blog for women who work in BPOs.

Not all BPO women are considered to be confident and on par with their male colleagues. Women at the senior level may be very confident but lower rung employees have a long way to go.

Another interesting angle to the debate on female self-expression is the number of women from small towns and conservative backgrounds who are new to the BPO culture. What awaits them at the industry is a complete cross cultural dilemmaa new work culture, pressure of deadlines and never-experienced-before graveyard shifts. Such dilemmas tend to worsen when self-expression is curtailed or not encouraged.

The sector wants more women to join. The companies, especially, are looking at women for the stability factor. The current man-woman ratio in the BPO sector is 69 : 31. And the number of women is set to rise. So sitagita.com is a platform that women can use to express their concerns.

Questions (8 1 = 8) 1. Why have BPOs often been faulted? 2. What main challenges do women working in the BPO sector face today? 3. Why do these problems arise? 4. Are all women considered to be confident? 5. What awaits women from small towns and conservative background working

in BPOs?



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6. Why are companies looking at women? 7. What is the current man-woman ratio in the BPO sector? 8. What is the platform that woman can use to express their concerns?

2. Legends will tell you that flamingoes are no ordinary visitors to Kutch. They were the honoured guests of King Lakho and he had forbidden the hunting of flamingoes, which came to Kutch from various parts of the world every year to breed. For centuries the region has been a haven for the migratory bird. Today, Flamingo City, an island in the middle of the Rann of Kutch, known the world over as one of the biggest breeding grounds of the Greater Flamingo, is strewn with bodies of hundreds of flamingo chicks. The parents of these chicks have fled the island due to lack of food. Zooplanktons, algae and small fish that these birds survive on are dying due to a sudden increase in the salinity of the Rann waters. One can even see dead fish floating.

Flamingoes need salt-encrusted, damp mud to build nests. The place where they build their nests has to be inaccessible to predatory cats and birds. It should also have sufficient food. The right mix of sweet and brackish water in the Rann is crucial for the proliferation of planktons and algae that the flamingoes feed on. Faced with starvation flamingoes have fled the island leaving their chicks to fend for themselves. Till date around a thousand flamingoes have died.

Questions (8 1 = 8) 1. What will legends tell us? 2. Whose honoured guests were flamingoes? 3. Why do they come to Kutch from various parts of the world? 4. Where is flamingo city? 5. What is this land strewn with? 6. Why have the parents fled? 7. What do flamingoes need to build nests? 8. Why is the Rann crucial for flamingoes?

3. Most of us undoubtedly realise that God gives parents the responsibility of raising their children. After all, they are the parents. Sometimes, however, it is great to think outside the box. Recently in an exclusive survey it was discovered that now the time has come for Gen X to start parenting the other way round. To really work out that generation gap and even bring parents up to the maturity levels of a teen and how?

Some of the greatest joys of life can occur as teens and parents come to deeper understanding of each other sharing their feelings, dreams, desires and even fears. Sensitivity and openness is the key, our Gen X feels. Parents need to listen to us, says Gauri, a student of class XI, They need to realise that proper communication is the key to bringing each other closer and to make each other comfortable. For the same, adds Apoorva of class XII, they should participate in the same things as their kids, and try to see things from our point of view. This, she says will give them a lot of perspective and insight in our psyche, and they will understand our problems better.



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Questions (8 1 = 8) 1. What responsibility does God give to parents? 2. Why does God give them this responsibility? 3. What is great to think sometimes? 4. What has time come for now? 5. How can parents work out the generation gap? 6. When do the greatest joys of life come? 7. What can they share with each other? 8. What is the key to bringing each other closer?

4. Do children really need such long summer breaks, was a question posed by some experts recently. Apparently, such a long break disrupts their development and comes in the way of their learning process. Lets get them back to their books, is perhaps the expert view, if not in so many words. One would have thought the children are doing too much during their vacations and not too little, given the plethora of classes, camps and workshops involving swimming, art, personality development, music, computers and the like that seem to cram their calendar. Even the trips taken in the name of holidays seem laden with exotic destinations and customized experience packed into a short period of time. We can do Europe in ten days and Australia in a week and come home armed with digital memories and overflowing suitcases. Holidays are in some way no longer a break but an intensified search for an experience not normally encountered in everyday life.

Questions (8 1 = 8) 1. What do some experts ask recently? 2. What does such a long break disrupt? 3. Where do experts want them to get back? 4. What would one have thought about the children doing in breaks? 5. What things keep them busy during the long summer breaks? 6. How are trips taken in the name of holidays? 7. How do we come from foreign trips? 8. How have holidays no longer remained a long break?

5. The newspapers have taken the place of the Gita, the Bible and the Quran with the people. For them, the printed sheet is gospel truth. The fact throws a great responsibility on the editors and newswriters.

Newspapers are a powerful influence. It is the duty of the editors to see that no false report or report likely to excite the public is published in their newspapers. The editors and their assistants have to be extra careful about the news they give and the manner in which they dress it. In a state of independence, it is practically impossible for Governments to control the Press. It is the duty of the public to keep a strict watch on the newspapers and keep them on the right path. An enlightened public would refuse to patronise inflammatory or indecent newspapers.

Newspapers which indulge in untruth or exaggeration harm the cause they profess to espouse. I admit that there is enough untruth in enough newspapers to warrant action. But my experience is that no amount of public criticism will affect the policy



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of newspapers which make their livelihood by such policy ...... But I write this in no way to condone untruths in newspapers. I am quite clear that if newspapers weighed every word that is printed therein, we should have a speedier removal of abuses whether in the States or elsewhere.

Questions (8 1 = 8) 1. Whose place have the newspaper taken? 2. What is the gospel truth for people? 3. What throws a great responsibility on editors and newswriters? 4. What is the duty of the editors? 5. Is it possible for governments to control the press? 6. What is the duty of the public? 7. How do newspapers harm their own cause? 8. How can we have a speedier removal of abuses?



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Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow them: (12 marks)

PASSAGE 1

Mixed show: Industrial growth slows to 3.4%, retail inflation nears 8%The countrys industrial output growth slowed to 3.4% in June, while retail inflation inched to nearly 8% in July, posing fresh challenges for policymakers, who are battling to revive growth and tame inflation.Data released by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) on Tuesday showed industrial output in June rose 3.4% year-on-year from a decline of 1.8% in June 2013 and slower than the upwardly revised 5% expansion in May 2014.Separate data showed retail inflation rose 7.96% in July, compared to previous months 7.46%, largely driven by pressure on fruits, vegetables and beverages prices. Retail inflation is close to the Reserve Bank of Indias target of keeping it at 8% by January 2015.Inflation uncertainty exists, given that the monsoon outcome, though improving is still below-normal. Under these conditions, inflationary expectations would tend to get embedded till the harvest season sets in, said Madan Sabnavis, chief economist at CARE ratings.Depending on the spread of rainfall, a clearer picture would emerge in September-October on the exact impact on output. Therefore, RBI is likely to maintain a cautious stance in the next policy too, Sabnavis said in a note.Economists said although the factory data for June was disappointing but the overall picture showed some recovery, though not a significant turnaround. The Narendra Modi government has vowed to steer the economy out of two consecutive years of sub 5% growth.Industrial growth too disappointed as it slowed to 3.4% in June after growing at 5% in May. However, its overall performance in first quarter of FY-15 is signalling a gradual recovery, ratings agency Crisil said in a note. Given the first quarter IIP growth and assuming that the construction sector grew at the same rate as in FY-14, industrial GDP is likely to have grown around 3.3% in first quarter of FY15, the agency said.Electricity and mining posted handsome growth but manufacturing remained sluggish and continued to be a concern. The manufacturing sector rose 1.8% in June compared to a contraction of 1.7% in the same month last year.The electricity sector grew 15.7% in June compared to zero growth in June 2013, while the mining sector, which borne the brunt of policy delays, grew 4.3% compared to a contraction of 4.6% in June 2013.

33

22 Discursive Passages



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The consumer goods sector continued to remain sluggish and declined 10% compared to a contraction of 1.5% in June 2013, while consumer durables fell 23.4% in June compared to a decline of 10.1% in June 2013.The industrial sector has remained sluggish for a significant period due to a string of factors such as policy and regulatory delays, high input costs, slowing demand, investment and high interest rates. But the approval to a number of stalled projects is expected to steer a recovery in the months ahead and should augur well for the overall growth. Source: Times News Network

Word-Meaning: Revivebring back, okfil ykukA Tamecontrol, fu;af=kr djukA Inflationhigh prices, eqnzkLiQhfrA Outputproduction, iSnkokjA Targetaim, mn~ns';A Embeddedfixed firmly in, vanj fuf'pr gks tk,xhA Cautiouscareful, lkokkuhiw.kZA Stance(here) attitude, #[k] n`f"Vdks.kA Vowed(here) determined, n`< izfrKkA Steer outtake out, ckgj fudkyukA Consecutivecontinuous, yxkrkjA Gradual(here) slow, khekA Postedshowed, fn[kk;kA Sluggishslow, lqLrA Bore the bruntto suffer the main force of something, fdlh pht dk izHkko] >Vdk lgu djukA Stallednot working, closed, can iMs+ gq,A

Questions I. Answer briefly: (4 2 = 8) 1. What fresh challenges are posed for the economic policy makers in India? 2. Why does inflation uncertainty exist even today? 3. Name the sectors that have posted handsome growth. Why does the

manufacturing sector remain a cause of concern? 4. Give the main reasons for the sluggish growth of the industrial sector. II. Vocabulary: (4 1 = 4) 1. The synonym for the high prices is: (a) inflation (b) depression (c) dearness (d) boom 2. Something fixed firmly in something is: (a) embedded (b) included (c) inclusive (d) studied 3. The opposite of the word fast in the passage is: (a) sluggish (b) slow (c) decreased (d) static 4. The noun form of the word disappoint is: (a) disappointed (b) disappointing (c) disappointment (d) none of theseAnswers I. 1. Slowing down of the countrys industrial output growth to 3.4% and the inching

of the retail inflation to almost 8% have recently posed fresh problems for the economic policy makers in India.

2. Monsoon outcome has been quite erratic so far this year. Though improving, it is still below the normal. Only in September-October, a clearer picture will emerge. Till then inflation uncertainty will continue in India.

3. Electricity and mining sectors have posted handsome growth. Electricity sector grew 15.7% while the mining sector grew 4.3% compared to the last year. The manufacturing sector remained sluggish at 1.8% and continues to be a cause of concern.



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disCuRsivE PassagEs n 35

4. A string of factors were responsible for the sluggish growth of the industrial sector. Policy and regulatory delays, high input costs, slowing demand, investment and high interest rates only slowed down the growth of the industrial sector.

II. 1. (a) inflation 2. (a) embedded 3. (a) sluggish 4. (c) disappointment

PASSAGE 2

CONFUSING SIGNALSPrime Minister Narendra Modis comment during his recent visit to Leh that Pakistan had lost the ability to fight a conventional war and was hence engaging in a proxy war by aiding and abetting terrorists does nothing to move the needle forward on improving India-Pakistan relations. The comment made to Indian soldiers and officers fails to take cognisance of the fact that the Nawaz Sharif government in Islamabad isnt the sole or even main actor in determining Pakistans India policy.Its hardly a coincidence that hours after Modis comment Pakistani troops violated the ceasefire along the border. Again predictably, Islamabads foreign office responded to Modis charge by stating that Pakistan itself was a victim of terrorism and that New Delhi would do well not to engage in blame games. All of this takes away from the positive momentum that had been generated when Modi invited SAARC leaders to attend his swearing-in ceremony in May. That Sharif had made the trip to New Delhi had given rise to hopes that Modi is capable of thinking out of the box on Pakistan. But putting the screws on Islamabad ahead of the upcoming meeting of foreign secretaries will only strengthen hawks in the Pakistani establishment.Moreover, the Sharif government is under siege with two separate protest marches to Islamabad one led by opposition leader Imran Khan and the other by Canada-based religious scholar Tahir-ul Qadri planned for today, Pakistans independence day. Both sets of protesters want Sharif to go and are rumoured to be supported by Pakistans military-intelligence complex. If the latter is true, it would mean that Pakistans security establishment is using the protests to send out a clear message to the civilian dispensation that it retains a veto on key issues.Instead of doing the familiar talks-no talks routine with Pakistan, there is an unconventional path the Modi government can adopt to resolve the various irreconciliables it faces. If the Pakistan army is the main actor in determining India policy, a way must be found to engage the Pakistani armed forces themselves, whether through formal or informal channels, and to assuage their anxieties vis-a-vis India. UPA was hardly capable of this since it generally stuck to the tried and tested path. But Modi has shown a capacity to innovate and surprise, as in the case of his invitation to Sharif. More of such innovation will be needed for progress in India-Pakistan ties.

Word-Meaning: Conventionaltraditional, ijEijkxrA Proxy warhidden war, Nqi dj yM+ukA Abettinginciting, mdlkrs gq,A Cognizanceconsideration, fopkj] uksfVlA Soleonly, osQoy ek=kA Coincidenceby chance, vDlekrA Violatedbroke, Hkax dhA Ceasefirea pact not to fight, ;q&fojkeA Respondedreplied, tokc fn;kA Engagebusy in, o;LrA Momentumspeed, xfrA Generatedproduced, iSnk dh FkhA Hawksthose who believe in wars, tks ;q esa fo'okl j[krs gSaA Under seize(here) under the control and pressure of, nokc esa f?kjh gqbZ gSA Dispensationspecial permission, fo'ks"kkuqefr] fo/kuA Retainskeeps, j[krh gSA Vetodeciding vote, vafre fu.kZ;A



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Channelsavenues, ways, jkLrsA Irreconcilablesthat cant be made to agree, vuesy] ijLij fojks/hA Assuageto make less severe, uje djuk] gYdk djukA Innovate(here) to make sudden changes, fLFkfr osQ vuqlkj vpkud cny tkukA

Questions I. Answer briefly: (4 2 = 8) 1. Why is Pakistan indulging in a proxy war? 2. What hope had Sharifs trip to Delhi during Modis swearing-in-ceremony

generated? Did it materialise? 3. How is the Pakistani security establishment using the protests against the

Sharifs government? 4. How can Modi deal with Pakistan in the new situation? II. Vocabulary: (4 1 = 4) 1. The most appropriate synonym for the word traditional in the passage is: (a) conventional (b) convention (c) convent (d) innovative 2. Choose the right option from those given below to give the noun form of the

word responded in the passage: (a) responsible (b) response (c) responsive (d) responding 3. Those who believe in wars are called: (a) fighters (b) jingoes (c) hawks (d) violents 4. Making sudden changes according to situation is called: (a) invention (b) innovation (c) innovate (d) innovatedAnswers I. 1. Pakistan has lost the ability to fight a conventional war with India. Hence, it is

engaging India in a proxy war by aiding and abetting terrorists. 2. Sharifs trip to New Delhi to attend Modis swearing-in-ceremony generated a

hope that the relations between India and Pakistan would improve in future. The continued ceasefire violations have belied all such expectations.

3. The Pakistani security establishment is using the recent protests led by Imran Khan and Qadri to strengthen its position. It wants to give a clear message to the government that it retains a veto on key issues.

4. Modi has already shown a capacity to innovate and surprise in such complex matters. He can adopt the right strategy to deal with Pakistan in the changed circumstances.

II. 1. (a) conventional 2. (b) response 3. (c) hawks 4. (b) innovation

PASSAGE 3

MY NATION, MY PRAYERSSo many religious and ethnic groups, so much cultural diversity over 350 languages; more than 1600 dialects; nearly 650 different tribes. A different food habit every few kilometers and yet, one country!



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disCuRsivE PassagEs n 37

With Independence, we just didnt become free from British rule; we regained the freedom to be what we are, to live the way we want to. And that freedom has been the hallmark of this great region.Its not a coincidence that India has never invaded a country in her long history. Its her unwritten mission statement to be a giver, not a taker. She gave the concept of zero to the world; the game of chess, algebra, trigonometry and calculus; she gave the world its first university, the earliest school of medicine, and she gave four religions to the world. She nurtures hundreds of mosques, churches, temples and gurdwaras, to name a few; she gave asylum to more than 300,000 refugees who fled religious and political persecution. The list is endless and unparalleled. But all this will pale in front of one gift she has given to the world: PRAYER.Take for example the most popular Gayatri Mantra. It doesnt invoke God for any small individual comfort. Instead, it calls out for inspiration and guidance for our intellect. No polytheism, no segregation, no discrimination. Just a genuine cry for righteousness!And that has been core of all common and popular prayers of this nation. A longing to move from untruth to truth; from darkness to light and from death to immortality is the spirit of Asato ma sad gamaya Where else can we find a more inclusive wish for well-being than the meaning of Sarve bhavantu sukhinah? This elementary prayer wishes happiness, goodness, and freedom from misery and pain for all.There is even a prayer seeking not to hate each other. Add to it such simple but profound prayers like Lokah samastah sukhino bhavantu (May peace and happiness prevail) and Satyam param dhimahi (Let truth, divinity and knowledge shine through me). They unite the entire creation into a bond of divine blessing. Another one-liner that is mind boggling for its exclusiveness came to my knowledge when I heard Sri Sri Ravi Shankar inspire a huge gathering to say the prayer Annadata shukhbava before eating. It was different from the more traditional mealtime prayers like the Brahma arpanam But when explained how this wish for happiness covers the entire food chain from the farmer to the miller to the trader to the cook to the waitress I was awestruck.It made me wonder why we havent made such deep prayers a part of our national consciousness. Who can have objections to prayin

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