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AS EQUATIONS - Unit 1Alkanes with O2

Complete combustion CH4+ 2 O2 CO2+ 2H2OIncomplete combustion CH4+ 1.5O2 CO + 2H2O

Alkanes with Cl2 U!CH4+ Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl

Mechanism = Photochemical free radical substitution.

Alkanes imp"o#in$ the %ualit& o' 'uelsCataltic Crac!in" C1#H22 C5H12 + C5H1#

Conditions $ Heat %#oC'( )l2O3*somerisation

Conditions Heat( Pt,eformation

+ H2

Conditions Heat( Pt

Alkenes with (2 H2C=CH2+ H2CH3CH3Conditions Heat( Ni

Alkenes with )"2* he+ane CH3CH=CH2 + -r2CH3CH-rCH2-rColour chan"e %oran"eto colourless'

Mechanism = lectro/hilic )ddition

Alkenes with )"omine wate" CH3CH=CH2 + -r20 H2OCH3CHOHCH2-rColour chan"e %oran"eto colourless'

Mechanism = lectro/hilic )ddition

Alkenes with ()"*,"&*$as CH3CH=CH2 + H-rCH3CH2-rCH3

Maor /roductMechanism = lectro/hilic )ddition/lanation for maor /roduct = econdar carbocationic intermediate

is more stable than /rimar.

Alkenes with .nO/* (2SO/CH3CH=CH2 + O CH3CHOHCH2OH

Colour chan"e %/ur/leto colourless $ H2O4'

Alkenes 0ol&me"isation

C C

H

6

H

H

C C

H

H

H

6n

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AS EQUATIONS - Unit 2"oup 2 metals with (2O

.$ M" + H2OM"O + H2%steam onl'CaS")a Ca + 2H2OCa%OH'2+ H2

"oup 2 metals with O2 2M" + O22M"O

"oup 2 metals with Cl2 M" + Cl2M"Cl2

"oup 2 O+i,es with (2O M"O + H2OM"%OH'2

"oup 2 O+i,es with aci,s M"O + H2O4M"O4+ H2O

The"mal stabilit&"oup 1 Ca"bonates )ll stable to heat ece/t for 7i2CO3

"oup 2 Ca"bonates M"CO3M"O + CO2

"oup 1 Nit"ates i8 27i9O37i2O + 29O2+ :O2 Na 3b Cs 9a9O39a9O2+ :O2

"oup 2 Nit"ates M"%9O3'2M"O + 29O2+ :O2

Solubilit&"oup 1 an, 2 Sulphates ;ecreases do

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Obse"#ations ?hite //t $ soluble in dilute ammonia(alo$enoalkanes - with a%ueous O( CH3CH2-r+ OH

CH3CH2OH + -r

.echanism = 9ucleo/hilic substitution %n1 or n2'

with ethanolic O( CH3CH2-r+ OHH2C=CH2+ -r

+ H2O

.echanism = limination

(alo$enoalkanes - with CN- CH3CH2-r+ C9CH3CH2C9 + -r

.echanism = 9ucleo/hilic substitution

(alo$enoalkanes - with a%ueous sil#e" nit"ateCH3CH2-r+ H2O + )"

+CH3CH2OH + )"-r8astest halo$enoalkane 9 Io,oE+planation = C* bond is

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