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As A Way of Knowing Emotion By Shani Ma and Logan McFann.
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Transcript of As A Way of Knowing Emotion By Shani Ma and Logan McFann.
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As A Way of KnowingEmotion
By Shani Ma and Logan McFann
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Key Concepts of Emotion in TOK
• The issues of emotion vs. reason• Emotions as a way of knowing• Rationalization• Intuition• James-Lange Theory and empathy
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Emotion vs. Reason• Emotion and reason are the two
primary thought processes used by the human mind to make a decision.
• The picture to the right defines the differences between the thought processes.
• Emotion governs our ability to decide which course of action to take based off our biased preconceptions.
• Reason gives us the ability to analyze perceptive evidence to determine the possible effects of our actions.
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Emotion vs. Reason (cont.)• The age old debate of emotion vs. reason asks
which process brings the best results.
• Many ancient philosophers and stoics believed that reason brought far better results than emotion and therefore attempted to block emotional thinking from their thought process.
• Modern studies have shown that in order for the brain to decide an appropriate course of action both processes need to be functional and involved.
• The processes work simultaneously and without both decision making becomes over-analytical or impulsive.
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Emotions as a Way of Knowing
• Emotions are governed by physical movements, expressions, and visuals.
• These perceptions can influence our emotions and based on predetermined biases alter the way we understand the subject in our minds.
• The human mind works on more than a primal level like most animals. Our biases and decisions are based off of the emotional outcome of actions.
• Our minds can also credit or discredit logical information based on its emotional connection to us.
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Rationalization• A famished fox saw a cluster of ripe black
grapes hanging from a vine. She tried all her tricks to get them, but she couldn't reach. Finally she turned away and said, "the grapes are sour, and not ripe as I thought"
• Getting fired is an example of an emotional issue that we sometimes rationalize
• Another example: when someone is losing badly in a game, they say it's a "stupid game".
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• Imagine an angry Mr. Guy that has an emotional prejudice against immigrants.
• Biased perception - he sees a landscaping team working, but he only notices the 2 immigrant-looking men drinking water. He overlooks the several others that are hard at work
• Fallacious reasoning - he makes a hasty generalization from his own limited experience and thinks to himself, "Look at those lazy Mexicans."
• Emotive language - then he makes a conclusion that immigrants are "good-for-nothing" who come to America to take jobs, yet they don't know the meaning of "hard work".
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• Our emotions can not only distort our beliefs but also lead us to make poor decisions
• Some emotions are urgent and short-sighted, and they can easily blind us to the long-term consequences of our actions
• Example: saying something in a moment of anger and immediately regretting it.
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Intuition• It can be a source of knowledge
• There are three types of intuition:
• Core intuition: our most fundamental intuitions about life, the universe and everything
• Subject-specific intuitions: the intuitions we have in various areas of knowledge such as science and ethics
• Social intuitions: our intuitions about other people, what they like, wether or not they can be trusted, etc.
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Core intuition• Reason and perception ultimately depend on
intuition
• Reason: the laws of logic are the starting point for all our reasoning
• Perception: this is an important source of knowledge. We have an overwhelmingly strong intuition that the dream hypothesis is far and that what we are experiencing is reality
• Playing the Why? Game
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Subject specific intuition
• We sometimes appeal to intuition to justify our knowledge claims in various areas of knowledge
• Research says this should be treated with caution
• Our uneducated intuitions in subjects such as logic, mathematics, physics, biology, history, economics, and ethics are at best confused and at worst false.
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Social intuition• One program with intuition as a source of
knowledge: it's fallible, but also we tend to be over-confident about our own intuitions
• Especially with social intuitions
• We put a lot of trust in our intuitions about people and we pride ourselves as being good judges of character
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The James-Lange Theory & Empathy
• The fact that primary emotions have a typical facial expression associated with them suggests that there is a close connection between our emotions and our bodies.
• Emotions are essentially physical in nature, and bodily changes come before, and cause, emotional changes.
• If you remove the physical symptoms the corresponding emotion disappears.
• Holds true for all emotions
• Also suggests a mechanism through which we can come to know and emphasize with other people's feelings.
• In other words, you can tell what someone's mood is by observing the way they're acting.
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Controversy of the James-Lange
Theory• The James-Lange theory now has been discredited because physical stimulus has been determined to influence emotions
• This means his theory couldn't be more opposite of the truth. People's emotions are influenced by the physical response they perceive.