arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179....
Transcript of arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179....
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Preprint submitted to Elsevier Science9 November 2018
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Quantum manipulation and simulation using
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Josephson junction arrays
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Xingxiang Zhou and Ari Mizel
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Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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16802, USA
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Abstract
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We discuss the prospect of using quantum properties of large scale Josephson junc-
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tion arrays for quantum manipulation and simulation. We study the collective vi-
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brational quantum modes of a Josephson junction array and show that they provide
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a natural and practical method for realizing a high quality cavity for superconduct-
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ing qubit based QED. We further demonstrate that by using Josephson junction
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arrays we can simulate a family of problems concerning spinless electron-phonon
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and electron-electron interactions. These protocols require no or few controls over
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the Josephson junction array and are thus relatively easy to realize given currently
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available technology.
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Key words: Qubit, Quantum computing, Josephson junction array
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PACS: 03.67.Lx, 74.90.+n, 85.25.Dq, 85.25.Cp
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ad-
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dresses:
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(Xingx-
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i-
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ang
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Zhou),
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(Ari
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Mizel).
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Superconducting
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de-
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vice
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based
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solid
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state
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qubits
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[1]
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are
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at-
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trac-
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tive
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be-
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cause
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of
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their
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in-
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her-
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ent
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scal-
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a-
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bil-
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ity.
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Mi-
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crowave
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spec-
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troscopy
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and
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long
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lived
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pop-
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u-
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la-
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tion
65
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os-
66
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cil-
67
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la-
68
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tion
69
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con-
70
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sis-
71
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tent
72
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with
73
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sin-
74
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gle
75
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[2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
76
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and
77
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two
78
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qubit
79
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quan-
80
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tum
81
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states
82
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[9,10,11,12]
83
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have
84
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been
85
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ob-
86
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served
87
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ex-
88
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per-
89
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i-
90
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men-
91
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tally.
92
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Recently,
93
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a
94
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new
95
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ap-
96
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proach
97
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to
98
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scal-
99
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able
100
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su-
101
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per-
102
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con-
103
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duct-
104
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ing
105
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quan-
106
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tum
107
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com-
108
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put-
109
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ing
110
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anal-
111
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o-
112
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gous
113
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to
114
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atomic
115
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cavity-
116
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QED
117
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was
118
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stud-
119
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ied
120
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the-
121
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o-
122
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ret-
123
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i-
124
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cally
125
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[13,14,15,16]
126
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and
127
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im-
128
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ple-
129
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mented
130
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ex-
131
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per-
132
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i-
133
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men-
134
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tally
135
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[17,18].
136
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This
137
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new
138
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ap-
139
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proach
140
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opens
141
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the
142
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pos-
143
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si-
144
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bil-
145
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ity
146
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of
147
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ap-
148
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ply-
149
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ing
150
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meth-
151
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ods
152
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and
153
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prin-
154
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ci-
155
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ples
156
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from
157
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the
158
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rich
159
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field
160
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of
161
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atomic
162
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QED
163
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in
164
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solid
165
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state
166
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quan-
167
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tum
168
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in-
169
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for-
170
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ma-
171
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tion
172
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pro-
173
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cess-
174
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ing.
175
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One
176
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prac-
177
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ti-
178
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cal
179
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prob-
180
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lem
181
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of
182
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solid
183
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state
184
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qubit
185
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based
186
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QED
187
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is
188
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the
189
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re-
190
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al-
191
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iza-
192
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tion
193
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of
194
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a
195
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high
196
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qual-
197
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ity
198
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res-
199
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onator
200
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to
201
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which
202
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many
203
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qubits
204
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can
205
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cou-
206
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ple.
207
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A
208
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lumped
209
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el-
210
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e-
211
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ment
212
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on-
213
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chip
214
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LC
215
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cir-
216
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cuit,
217
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such
218
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as
219
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that
220
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used
221
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in
222
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[18],
223
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suf-
224
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fers
225
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from
226
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di-
227
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elec-
228
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tric
229
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loss
230
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of
231
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the
232
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ca-
233
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pac-
234
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i-
235
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tor
236
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and
237
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ac
238
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loss
239
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of
240
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the
241
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su-
242
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per-
243
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con-
244
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duc-
245
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tor
246
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[19].
247
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A
248
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high
249
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qual-
250
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ity
251
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res-
252
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onator
253
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can
254
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be
255
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re-
256
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al-
257
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ized
258
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with
259
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a
260
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co-
261
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planar
262
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waveg-
263
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uide
264
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if
265
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high
266
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qual-
267
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ity
268
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sub-
269
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strate
270
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ma-
271
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te-
272
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rial
273
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(such
274
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as
275
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sap-
276
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phire)
277
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is
278
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used
279
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to
280
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min-
281
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i-
282
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mize
283
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the
284
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loss
285
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[20,21].
286
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A
287
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high
288
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qual-
289
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ity,
290
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low
291
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leak-
292
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age
293
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Joseph-
294
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son
295
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junc-
296
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tion
297
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pro-
298
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vides
299
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a
300
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nat-
301
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u-
302
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ral
303
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and
304
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easy
305
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re-
306
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al-
307
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iza-
308
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tion
309
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of
310
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a
311
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high
312
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qual-
313
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ity
314
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res-
315
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onator
316
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due
317
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to
318
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its
319
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high
320
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qual-
321
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ity
322
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tri-
323
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layer
324
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struc-
325
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ture
326
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[22],
327
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how-
328
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ever
329
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only
330
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a
331
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few
332
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qubits
333
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can
334
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cou-
335
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ple
336
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to
337
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such
338
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a
339
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sin-
340
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gle
341
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junc-
342
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tion
343
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res-
344
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onator
345
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[13,14].
346
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In
347
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this
348
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work,
349
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we
350
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study
351
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the
352
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quan-
353
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tum
354
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dy-
355
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nam-
356
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ics
357
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of
358
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a
359
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Joseph-
360
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son
361
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junc-
362
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tion
363
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ar-
364
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ray
365
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and
366
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show
367
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that
368
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the
369
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“phonon
370
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modes”
371
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cor-
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re-
373
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spond-
374
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ing
375
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to
376
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the
377
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small
378
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col-
379
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lec-
380
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tive
381
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vi-
382
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bra-
383
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tions
384
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of
385
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the
386
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junc-
387
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tion
388
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phases
389
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can
390
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be
391
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used
392
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to
393
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re-
394
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al-
395
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ize
396
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a
397
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high
398
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qual-
399
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ity
400
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res-
401
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onator
402
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to
403
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which
404
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many
405
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su-
406
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per-
407
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con-
408
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duct-
409
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ing
410
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qubits
411
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can
412
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cou-
413
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ple.
414
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The
415
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re-
416
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sul-
417
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tant
418
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struc-
419
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ture
420
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is
421
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anal-
422
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o-
423
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gous
424
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to
425
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the
426
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ion
427
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trap
428
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quan-
429
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tum
430
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com-
431
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puter
432
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in
433
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which
434
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qubits
435
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com-
436
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mu-
437
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ni-
438
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cate
439
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through
440
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the
441
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phonon
442
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modes
443
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[23].
444
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We
445
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fur-
446
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ther
447
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show
448
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that,
449
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by
450
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us-
451
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ing
452
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a
453
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prop-
454
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erly
455
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cou-
456
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pled
457
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su-
458
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per-
459
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con-
460
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duct-
461
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ing
462
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qubit
463
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ar-
464
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ray
465
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we
466
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can
467
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sim-
468
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u-
469
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late
470
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a
471
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fam-
472
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ily
473
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of
474
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prob-
475
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lems
476
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in-
477
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volv-
478
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ing
479
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spin-
480
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less
481
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electron-
482
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phonon
483
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and
484
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electron-
485
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electron
486
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in-
487
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ter-
488
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ac-
489
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tions.
490
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Consider
491
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the
492
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sim-
493
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ple
494
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Joseph-
495
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son
496
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junc-
497
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tion
498
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ar-
499
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ray
500
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shown
501
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in
502
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Fig.
503
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1
504
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(a).
505
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De-
506
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note
507
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the
508
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phases
509
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across
510
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the
511
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ver-
512
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ti-
513
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cal
514
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junc-
515
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tions
516
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θ0,
517
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θ1,
518
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...,
519
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θN−1
520
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(the
521
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phase
522
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of
523
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the
524
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ground
525
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is
526
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set
527
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to
528
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0).
529
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The
530
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ca-
531
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pac-
532
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i-
533
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tance
534
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of
535
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the
536
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ver-
537
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ti-
538
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cal
539
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junc-
540
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tions
541
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is
542
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C.
543
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The
544
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hor-
545
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i-
546
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zon-
547
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tal
548
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junc-
549
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tions
550
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are
551
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much
552
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big-
553
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ger
554
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in
555
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size
556
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than
557
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the
558
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ver-
559
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ti-
560
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cal
561
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ones,
562
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and
563
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their
564
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crit-
565
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i-
566
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cal
567
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cur-
568
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rent
569
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is
570
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K2
571
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times
572
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that
573
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of
574
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the
575
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ver-
576
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ti-
577
![Page 578: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/578.jpg)
cal
578
![Page 579: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/579.jpg)
junc-
579
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tions
580
![Page 581: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/581.jpg)
(Ic),
581
![Page 582: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/582.jpg)
where
582
![Page 583: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/583.jpg)
K ≫
583
![Page 584: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/584.jpg)
1.
584
![Page 585: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/585.jpg)
In
585
![Page 586: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/586.jpg)
prac-
586
![Page 587: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/587.jpg)
tice,
587
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all
588
![Page 589: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/589.jpg)
junc-
589
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tions
590
![Page 591: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/591.jpg)
can
591
![Page 592: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/592.jpg)
be
592
![Page 593: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/593.jpg)
re-
593
![Page 594: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/594.jpg)
al-
594
![Page 595: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/595.jpg)
ized
595
![Page 596: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/596.jpg)
by
596
![Page 597: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/597.jpg)
low
597
![Page 598: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/598.jpg)
self-
598
![Page 599: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/599.jpg)
inductance
599
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dc-
600
![Page 601: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/601.jpg)
SQUIDs
601
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to
602
![Page 603: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/603.jpg)
al-
603
![Page 604: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/604.jpg)
low
604
![Page 605: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/605.jpg)
tun-
605
![Page 606: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/606.jpg)
ing
606
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of
607
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their
608
![Page 609: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/609.jpg)
crit-
609
![Page 610: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/610.jpg)
i-
610
![Page 611: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/611.jpg)
cal
611
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cur-
612
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rents;
613
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there-
614
![Page 615: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/615.jpg)
fore
615
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K2
616
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is
617
![Page 618: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/618.jpg)
not
618
![Page 619: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/619.jpg)
nec-
619
![Page 620: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/620.jpg)
es-
620
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sar-
621
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ily
622
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equal
623
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to
624
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the
625
![Page 626: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/626.jpg)
ra-
626
![Page 627: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/627.jpg)
tio
627
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of
628
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the
629
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junc-
630
![Page 631: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/631.jpg)
tion
631
![Page 632: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/632.jpg)
sizes.
632
![Page 633: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/633.jpg)
Each
633
![Page 634: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/634.jpg)
ver-
634
![Page 635: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/635.jpg)
ti-
635
![Page 636: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/636.jpg)
cal
636
![Page 637: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/637.jpg)
junc-
637
![Page 638: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/638.jpg)
tion
638
![Page 639: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/639.jpg)
is
639
![Page 640: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/640.jpg)
bi-
640
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![Page 701: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/701.jpg)
junc-
701
![Page 702: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/702.jpg)
tions,
702
![Page 703: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/703.jpg)
given
703
![Page 704: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/704.jpg)
by
704
![Page 705: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/705.jpg)
V = −EJ
N−1∑
i=0
(ibθi + cos θi)−K2EJ
N−2∑
i=0
cos (θi − θi+1), (1)
705
![Page 706: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/706.jpg)
where
706
![Page 707: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/707.jpg)
EJ =
707
![Page 708: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/708.jpg)
IcΦ0/2π
708
![Page 709: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/709.jpg)
and
709
![Page 710: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/710.jpg)
ib =
710
![Page 711: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/711.jpg)
Ib/Ic.
711
![Page 712: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/712.jpg)
The
712
![Page 713: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/713.jpg)
equi-
713
![Page 714: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/714.jpg)
lib-
714
![Page 715: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/715.jpg)
rium
715
![Page 716: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/716.jpg)
val-
716
![Page 717: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/717.jpg)
ues
717
![Page 718: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/718.jpg)
for
718
![Page 719: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/719.jpg)
the
719
![Page 720: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/720.jpg)
junc-
720
![Page 721: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/721.jpg)
tion
721
![Page 722: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/722.jpg)
phases
722
![Page 723: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/723.jpg)
are
723
![Page 724: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/724.jpg)
de-
724
![Page 725: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/725.jpg)
ter-
725
![Page 726: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/726.jpg)
mined
726
![Page 727: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/727.jpg)
by
727
![Page 728: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/728.jpg)
∂V/∂θi =
728
![Page 729: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/729.jpg)
0,
729
![Page 730: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/730.jpg)
which
730
![Page 731: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/731.jpg)
is
731
![Page 732: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/732.jpg)
just
732
![Page 733: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/733.jpg)
the
733
![Page 734: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/734.jpg)
cur-
734
![Page 735: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/735.jpg)
rent
735
![Page 736: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/736.jpg)
con-
736
![Page 737: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/737.jpg)
ser-
737
![Page 738: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/738.jpg)
va-
738
![Page 739: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/739.jpg)
tion
739
![Page 740: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/740.jpg)
con-
740
![Page 741: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/741.jpg)
di-
741
![Page 742: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/742.jpg)
tion
742
![Page 743: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/743.jpg)
at
743
![Page 744: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/744.jpg)
each
744
![Page 745: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/745.jpg)
node:
745
![Page 746: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/746.jpg)
ib−
746
![Page 747: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/747.jpg)
sin θi−
747
![Page 748: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/748.jpg)
sin (θi − θi−1)−
748
![Page 749: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/749.jpg)
sin (θi − θi+1) =
749
![Page 750: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/750.jpg)
0.
750
![Page 751: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/751.jpg)
(When
751
![Page 752: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/752.jpg)
i =
752
![Page 753: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/753.jpg)
0
753
![Page 754: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/754.jpg)
or
754
![Page 755: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/755.jpg)
N−
755
![Page 756: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/756.jpg)
1
756
![Page 757: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/757.jpg)
there
757
![Page 758: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/758.jpg)
is
758
![Page 759: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/759.jpg)
only
759
![Page 760: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/760.jpg)
one
760
![Page 761: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/761.jpg)
hor-
761
![Page 762: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/762.jpg)
i-
762
![Page 763: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/763.jpg)
zon-
763
![Page 764: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/764.jpg)
tal
764
![Page 765: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/765.jpg)
cur-
765
![Page 766: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/766.jpg)
rent.)
766
![Page 767: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/767.jpg)
In
767
![Page 768: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/768.jpg)
our
768
![Page 769: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/769.jpg)
setup,
769
![Page 770: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/770.jpg)
the
770
![Page 771: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/771.jpg)
equi-
771
![Page 772: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/772.jpg)
lib-
772
![Page 773: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/773.jpg)
rium
773
![Page 774: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/774.jpg)
val-
774
![Page 775: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/775.jpg)
ues
775
![Page 776: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/776.jpg)
for
776
![Page 777: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/777.jpg)
the
777
![Page 778: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/778.jpg)
phases
778
![Page 779: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/779.jpg)
are
779
![Page 780: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/780.jpg)
θ(0)i =
780
![Page 781: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/781.jpg)
θ(0) =
781
![Page 782: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/782.jpg)
arcsin ib
782
![Page 783: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/783.jpg)
for
783
![Page 784: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/784.jpg)
i =
784
![Page 785: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/785.jpg)
0, 1, ...N−
785
![Page 786: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/786.jpg)
1.
786
![Page 787: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/787.jpg)
If
787
![Page 788: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/788.jpg)
we
788
![Page 789: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/789.jpg)
are
789
![Page 790: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/790.jpg)
in-
790
![Page 791: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/791.jpg)
ter-
791
![Page 792: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/792.jpg)
ested
792
![Page 793: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/793.jpg)
in
793
![Page 794: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/794.jpg)
the
794
![Page 795: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/795.jpg)
small
795
![Page 796: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/796.jpg)
os-
796
![Page 797: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/797.jpg)
cil-
797
![Page 798: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/798.jpg)
la-
798
![Page 799: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/799.jpg)
tions
799
![Page 800: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/800.jpg)
of
800
![Page 801: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/801.jpg)
the
801
![Page 802: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/802.jpg)
phases,
802
![Page 803: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/803.jpg)
we
803
![Page 804: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/804.jpg)
fol-
804
![Page 805: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/805.jpg)
low
805
![Page 806: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/806.jpg)
the
806
![Page 807: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/807.jpg)
stan-
807
![Page 808: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/808.jpg)
dard
808
![Page 809: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/809.jpg)
pro-
809
![Page 810: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/810.jpg)
ce-
810
![Page 811: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/811.jpg)
dure
811
![Page 812: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/812.jpg)
ex-
812
![Page 813: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/813.jpg)
pand-
813
![Page 814: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/814.jpg)
ing
814
![Page 815: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/815.jpg)
V
815
![Page 816: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/816.jpg)
to
816
![Page 817: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/817.jpg)
sec-
817
![Page 818: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/818.jpg)
ond
818
![Page 819: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/819.jpg)
or-
819
![Page 820: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/820.jpg)
der,
820
![Page 821: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/821.jpg)
V =
821
![Page 822: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/822.jpg)
12
∑N−1i,j=0 Vijϕiϕj,
822
![Page 823: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/823.jpg)
where
823
![Page 824: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/824.jpg)
ϕi =
824
![Page 825: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/825.jpg)
θi−
825
![Page 826: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/826.jpg)
θ(0)i
826
![Page 827: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/827.jpg)
is
827
![Page 828: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/828.jpg)
the
828
![Page 829: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/829.jpg)
small
829
![Page 830: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/830.jpg)
dis-
830
![Page 831: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/831.jpg)
place-
831
![Page 832: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/832.jpg)
ment
832
![Page 833: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/833.jpg)
of
833
![Page 834: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/834.jpg)
the
834
![Page 835: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/835.jpg)
phase
835
![Page 836: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/836.jpg)
from
836
![Page 837: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/837.jpg)
its
837
![Page 838: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/838.jpg)
equi-
838
![Page 839: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/839.jpg)
lib-
839
![Page 840: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/840.jpg)
rium
840
![Page 841: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/841.jpg)
value
841
![Page 842: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/842.jpg)
and
842
![Page 843: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/843.jpg)
(V )ijEJK2
= δij(2 + cos θ(0)/K2 − δi,0 − δi,N−1)− δi,j−1 − δi,j+1.(2)
843
![Page 844: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/844.jpg)
Notice
844
![Page 845: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/845.jpg)
that
845
![Page 846: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/846.jpg)
the
846
![Page 847: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/847.jpg)
hor-
847
![Page 848: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/848.jpg)
i-
848
![Page 849: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/849.jpg)
zon-
849
![Page 850: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/850.jpg)
tal
850
![Page 851: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/851.jpg)
junc-
851
![Page 852: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/852.jpg)
tions
852
![Page 853: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/853.jpg)
are
853
![Page 854: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/854.jpg)
much
854
![Page 855: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/855.jpg)
larger
855
![Page 856: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/856.jpg)
than
856
![Page 857: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/857.jpg)
the
857
![Page 858: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/858.jpg)
ver-
858
![Page 859: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/859.jpg)
ti-
859
![Page 860: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/860.jpg)
cal
860
![Page 861: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/861.jpg)
ones.
861
![Page 862: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/862.jpg)
In
862
![Page 863: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/863.jpg)
the
863
![Page 864: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/864.jpg)
“wash
864
![Page 865: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/865.jpg)
board”
865
![Page 866: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/866.jpg)
anal-
866
![Page 867: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/867.jpg)
ogy
867
![Page 868: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/868.jpg)
this
868
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cor-
869
![Page 870: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/870.jpg)
re-
870
![Page 871: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/871.jpg)
sponds
871
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to
872
![Page 873: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/873.jpg)
a
873
![Page 874: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/874.jpg)
large
874
![Page 875: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/875.jpg)
“mass”
875
![Page 876: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/876.jpg)
for
876
![Page 877: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/877.jpg)
the
877
![Page 878: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/878.jpg)
hor-
878
![Page 879: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/879.jpg)
i-
879
![Page 880: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/880.jpg)
zon-
880
![Page 881: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/881.jpg)
tal
881
![Page 882: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/882.jpg)
junc-
882
![Page 883: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/883.jpg)
tions.
883
![Page 884: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/884.jpg)
There-
884
![Page 885: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/885.jpg)
fore
885
![Page 886: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/886.jpg)
in
886
![Page 887: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/887.jpg)
cal-
887
![Page 888: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/888.jpg)
cu-
888
![Page 889: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/889.jpg)
lat-
889
![Page 890: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/890.jpg)
ing
890
![Page 891: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/891.jpg)
the
891
![Page 892: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/892.jpg)
ki-
892
![Page 893: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/893.jpg)
netic
893
![Page 894: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/894.jpg)
en-
894
![Page 895: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/895.jpg)
ergy
895
![Page 896: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/896.jpg)
of
896
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the
897
![Page 898: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/898.jpg)
sys-
898
![Page 899: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/899.jpg)
tem
899
![Page 900: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/900.jpg)
we
900
![Page 901: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/901.jpg)
need
901
![Page 902: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/902.jpg)
only
902
![Page 903: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/903.jpg)
con-
903
![Page 904: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/904.jpg)
sider
904
![Page 905: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/905.jpg)
the
905
![Page 906: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/906.jpg)
ver-
906
![Page 907: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/907.jpg)
ti-
907
![Page 908: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/908.jpg)
cal
908
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junc-
909
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tions
910
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(as
911
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ver-
912
![Page 913: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/913.jpg)
i-
913
![Page 914: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/914.jpg)
fied
914
![Page 915: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/915.jpg)
by
915
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nu-
916
![Page 917: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/917.jpg)
mer-
917
![Page 918: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/918.jpg)
i-
918
![Page 919: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/919.jpg)
cal
919
![Page 920: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/920.jpg)
cal-
920
![Page 921: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/921.jpg)
cu-
921
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la-
922
![Page 923: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/923.jpg)
tions):
923
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T =
924
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(1/2)C(Φ0/2π)2 ∑N−1
i=0 ϕ2i .
925
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From
926
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the
927
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po-
928
![Page 929: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/929.jpg)
ten-
929
![Page 930: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/930.jpg)
tial
930
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and
931
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ki-
932
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netic
933
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en-
934
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er-
935
![Page 936: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/936.jpg)
gies
936
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we
937
![Page 938: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/938.jpg)
can
938
![Page 939: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/939.jpg)
solve
939
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for
940
![Page 941: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/941.jpg)
the
941
![Page 942: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/942.jpg)
nor-
942
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mal
943
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modes
944
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of
945
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the
946
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sys-
947
![Page 948: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/948.jpg)
tem,
948
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whose
949
![Page 950: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/950.jpg)
spec-
950
![Page 951: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/951.jpg)
trum
951
![Page 952: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/952.jpg)
is
952
![Page 953: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/953.jpg)
given
953
![Page 954: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/954.jpg)
by
954
![Page 955: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/955.jpg)
νs =
955
![Page 956: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/956.jpg)
ωp
√
1 + (4K2/ cos θ(0)) sin2(sπ/2N),
956
![Page 957: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/957.jpg)
where
957
![Page 958: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/958.jpg)
the
958
![Page 959: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/959.jpg)
plasma
959
![Page 960: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/960.jpg)
fre-
960
![Page 961: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/961.jpg)
quency
961
![Page 962: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/962.jpg)
ωp =
962
![Page 963: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/963.jpg)
√
2πIc/Φ0C(1−
963
![Page 964: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/964.jpg)
i2b)1/4
964
![Page 965: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/965.jpg)
and
965
![Page 966: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/966.jpg)
s =
966
![Page 967: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/967.jpg)
0, 1, ..., N−
967
![Page 968: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/968.jpg)
1.
968
![Page 969: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/969.jpg)
Let
969
![Page 970: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/970.jpg)
the
970
![Page 971: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/971.jpg)
or-
971
![Page 972: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/972.jpg)
thonor-
972
![Page 973: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/973.jpg)
mal-
973
![Page 974: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/974.jpg)
ized
974
![Page 975: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/975.jpg)
nor-
975
![Page 976: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/976.jpg)
mal
976
![Page 977: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/977.jpg)
mode
977
![Page 978: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/978.jpg)
eigen-
978
![Page 979: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/979.jpg)
vec-
979
![Page 980: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/980.jpg)
tors
980
![Page 981: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/981.jpg)
be
981
![Page 982: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/982.jpg)
de-
982
![Page 983: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/983.jpg)
noted
983
![Page 984: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/984.jpg)
bsi .
984
![Page 985: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/985.jpg)
The
985
![Page 986: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/986.jpg)
low-
986
![Page 987: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/987.jpg)
est
987
![Page 988: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/988.jpg)
mode,
988
![Page 989: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/989.jpg)
whose
989
![Page 990: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/990.jpg)
fre-
990
![Page 991: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/991.jpg)
quency
991
![Page 992: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/992.jpg)
is
992
![Page 993: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/993.jpg)
ωp,
993
![Page 994: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/994.jpg)
cor-
994
![Page 995: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/995.jpg)
re-
995
![Page 996: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/996.jpg)
sponds
996
![Page 997: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/997.jpg)
to
997
![Page 998: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/998.jpg)
the
998
![Page 999: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/999.jpg)
cen-
999
![Page 1000: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1000.jpg)
ter
1000
![Page 1001: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1001.jpg)
of
1001
![Page 1002: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1002.jpg)
mass
1002
![Page 1003: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1003.jpg)
mo-
1003
![Page 1004: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1004.jpg)
tion
1004
![Page 1005: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1005.jpg)
of
1005
![Page 1006: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1006.jpg)
the
1006
![Page 1007: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1007.jpg)
phases:
1007
![Page 1008: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1008.jpg)
b0 =
1008
![Page 1009: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1009.jpg)
(1, 1, ..., 1)/√N .
1009
![Page 1010: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1010.jpg)
The
1010
![Page 1011: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1011.jpg)
quan-
1011
![Page 1012: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1012.jpg)
tum
1012
![Page 1013: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1013.jpg)
me-
1013
![Page 1014: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1014.jpg)
chan-
1014
![Page 1015: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1015.jpg)
i-
1015
![Page 1016: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1016.jpg)
cal
1016
![Page 1017: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1017.jpg)
prop-
1017
![Page 1018: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1018.jpg)
er-
1018
![Page 1019: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1019.jpg)
ties
1019
![Page 1020: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1020.jpg)
of
1020
![Page 1021: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1021.jpg)
the
1021
![Page 1022: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1022.jpg)
small
1022
![Page 1023: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1023.jpg)
col-
1023
![Page 1024: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1024.jpg)
lec-
1024
![Page 1025: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1025.jpg)
tive
1025
![Page 1026: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1026.jpg)
vi-
1026
![Page 1027: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1027.jpg)
bra-
1027
![Page 1028: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1028.jpg)
tional
1028
![Page 1029: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1029.jpg)
modes
1029
![Page 1030: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1030.jpg)
of
1030
![Page 1031: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1031.jpg)
the
1031
![Page 1032: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1032.jpg)
phases
1032
![Page 1033: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1033.jpg)
can
1033
![Page 1034: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1034.jpg)
now
1034
![Page 1035: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1035.jpg)
be
1035
![Page 1036: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1036.jpg)
eval-
1036
![Page 1037: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1037.jpg)
u-
1037
![Page 1038: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1038.jpg)
ated
1038
![Page 1039: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1039.jpg)
by
1039
![Page 1040: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1040.jpg)
in-
1040
![Page 1041: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1041.jpg)
tro-
1041
![Page 1042: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1042.jpg)
duc-
1042
![Page 1043: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1043.jpg)
ing
1043
![Page 1044: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1044.jpg)
the
1044
![Page 1045: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1045.jpg)
op-
1045
![Page 1046: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1046.jpg)
er-
1046
![Page 1047: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1047.jpg)
a-
1047
![Page 1048: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1048.jpg)
tor
1048
![Page 1049: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1049.jpg)
ϕi =
1049
![Page 1050: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1050.jpg)
(2π/Φ0)∑N−1
s=0
√
~/2Cνsbsi (as+
1050
![Page 1051: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1051.jpg)
a†s),
1051
![Page 1052: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1052.jpg)
where
1052
![Page 1053: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1053.jpg)
as
1053
![Page 1054: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1054.jpg)
is
1054
![Page 1055: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1055.jpg)
the
1055
![Page 1056: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1056.jpg)
an-
1056
![Page 1057: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1057.jpg)
ni-
1057
![Page 1058: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1058.jpg)
hi-
1058
![Page 1059: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1059.jpg)
la-
1059
![Page 1060: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1060.jpg)
tion
1060
![Page 1061: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1061.jpg)
op-
1061
![Page 1062: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1062.jpg)
er-
1062
![Page 1063: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1063.jpg)
a-
1063
![Page 1064: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1064.jpg)
tor
1064
![Page 1065: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1065.jpg)
for
1065
![Page 1066: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1066.jpg)
the
1066
![Page 1067: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1067.jpg)
sth
1067
![Page 1068: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1068.jpg)
mode.
1068
![Page 1069: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1069.jpg)
We
1069
![Page 1070: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1070.jpg)
pro-
1070
![Page 1071: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1071.jpg)
pose
1071
![Page 1072: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1072.jpg)
to
1072
![Page 1073: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1073.jpg)
use
1073
![Page 1074: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1074.jpg)
the
1074
![Page 1075: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1075.jpg)
cen-
1075
![Page 1076: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1076.jpg)
ter
1076
![Page 1077: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1077.jpg)
of
1077
![Page 1078: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1078.jpg)
mass
1078
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mo-
1079
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tion
1080
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mode
1081
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of
1082
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the
1083
![Page 1084: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1084.jpg)
Joseph-
1084
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son
1085
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junc-
1086
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tion
1087
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ar-
1088
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ray
1089
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to
1090
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cou-
1091
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ple
1092
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su-
1093
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per-
1094
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con-
1095
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duct-
1096
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ing
1097
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qubits,
1098
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in
1099
![Page 1100: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1100.jpg)
anal-
1100
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ogy
1101
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to
1102
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ion
1103
![Page 1104: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1104.jpg)
trap
1104
![Page 1105: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1105.jpg)
quan-
1105
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tum
1106
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com-
1107
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puter
1108
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[23].
1109
![Page 1110: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1110.jpg)
Since
1110
![Page 1111: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1111.jpg)
the
1111
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cen-
1112
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ter
1113
![Page 1114: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1114.jpg)
of
1114
![Page 1115: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1115.jpg)
mass
1115
![Page 1116: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1116.jpg)
mo-
1116
![Page 1117: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1117.jpg)
tion
1117
![Page 1118: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1118.jpg)
mode
1118
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is
1119
![Page 1120: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1120.jpg)
an
1120
![Page 1121: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1121.jpg)
equal
1121
![Page 1122: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1122.jpg)
weight
1122
![Page 1123: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1123.jpg)
su-
1123
![Page 1124: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1124.jpg)
per-
1124
![Page 1125: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1125.jpg)
po-
1125
![Page 1126: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1126.jpg)
si-
1126
![Page 1127: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1127.jpg)
tion
1127
![Page 1128: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1128.jpg)
of
1128
![Page 1129: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1129.jpg)
the
1129
![Page 1130: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1130.jpg)
junc-
1130
![Page 1131: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1131.jpg)
tion
1131
![Page 1132: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1132.jpg)
phases,
1132
![Page 1133: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1133.jpg)
its
1133
![Page 1134: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1134.jpg)
qual-
1134
![Page 1135: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1135.jpg)
ity
1135
![Page 1136: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1136.jpg)
fac-
1136
![Page 1137: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1137.jpg)
tor
1137
![Page 1138: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1138.jpg)
is
1138
![Page 1139: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1139.jpg)
as
1139
![Page 1140: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1140.jpg)
high
1140
![Page 1141: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1141.jpg)
as
1141
![Page 1142: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1142.jpg)
that
1142
![Page 1143: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1143.jpg)
of
1143
![Page 1144: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1144.jpg)
the
1144
![Page 1145: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1145.jpg)
in-
1145
![Page 1146: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1146.jpg)
di-
1146
![Page 1147: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1147.jpg)
vid-
1147
![Page 1148: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1148.jpg)
ual
1148
![Page 1149: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1149.jpg)
junc-
1149
![Page 1150: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1150.jpg)
tions.
1150
![Page 1151: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1151.jpg)
There-
1151
![Page 1152: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1152.jpg)
fore,
1152
![Page 1153: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1153.jpg)
this
1153
![Page 1154: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1154.jpg)
ap-
1154
![Page 1155: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1155.jpg)
proach
1155
![Page 1156: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1156.jpg)
al-
1156
![Page 1157: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1157.jpg)
lows
1157
![Page 1158: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1158.jpg)
us
1158
![Page 1159: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1159.jpg)
to
1159
![Page 1160: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1160.jpg)
take
1160
![Page 1161: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1161.jpg)
ad-
1161
![Page 1162: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1162.jpg)
van-
1162
![Page 1163: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1163.jpg)
tage
1163
![Page 1164: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1164.jpg)
of
1164
![Page 1165: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1165.jpg)
the
1165
![Page 1166: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1166.jpg)
high
1166
![Page 1167: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1167.jpg)
qual-
1167
![Page 1168: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1168.jpg)
ity
1168
![Page 1169: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1169.jpg)
Joseph-
1169
![Page 1170: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1170.jpg)
son
1170
![Page 1171: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1171.jpg)
junc-
1171
![Page 1172: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1172.jpg)
tions
1172
![Page 1173: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1173.jpg)
re-
1173
![Page 1174: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1174.jpg)
quired
1174
![Page 1175: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1175.jpg)
for
1175
![Page 1176: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1176.jpg)
the
1176
![Page 1177: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1177.jpg)
su-
1177
![Page 1178: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1178.jpg)
per-
1178
![Page 1179: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1179.jpg)
con-
1179
![Page 1180: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1180.jpg)
duct-
1180
![Page 1181: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1181.jpg)
ing
1181
![Page 1182: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1182.jpg)
qubits
1182
![Page 1183: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1183.jpg)
to
1183
![Page 1184: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1184.jpg)
re-
1184
![Page 1185: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1185.jpg)
al-
1185
![Page 1186: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1186.jpg)
ize
1186
![Page 1187: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1187.jpg)
a
1187
![Page 1188: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1188.jpg)
high
1188
![Page 1189: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1189.jpg)
qual-
1189
![Page 1190: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1190.jpg)
ity
1190
![Page 1191: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1191.jpg)
res-
1191
![Page 1192: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1192.jpg)
onator.
1192
![Page 1193: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1193.jpg)
Note
1193
![Page 1194: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1194.jpg)
in
1194
![Page 1195: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1195.jpg)
the
1195
![Page 1196: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1196.jpg)
above
1196
![Page 1197: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1197.jpg)
we
1197
![Page 1198: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1198.jpg)
have
1198
![Page 1199: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1199.jpg)
as-
1199
![Page 1200: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1200.jpg)
sumed
1200
![Page 1201: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1201.jpg)
that
1201
![Page 1202: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1202.jpg)
all
1202
![Page 1203: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1203.jpg)
Joseph-
1203
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son
1204
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junc-
1205
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tions
1206
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in
1207
![Page 1208: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1208.jpg)
the
1208
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ar-
1209
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ray
1210
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are
1211
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iden-
1212
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ti-
1213
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cal.
1214
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In
1215
![Page 1216: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1216.jpg)
re-
1216
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al-
1217
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ity,
1218
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this
1219
![Page 1220: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1220.jpg)
will
1220
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not
1221
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be
1222
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the
1223
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case
1224
![Page 1225: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1225.jpg)
due
1225
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to
1226
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un-
1227
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avoid-
1228
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able
1229
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fab-
1230
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ri-
1231
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ca-
1232
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tion
1233
![Page 1234: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1234.jpg)
er-
1234
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rors.
1235
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How-
1236
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ever
1237
![Page 1238: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1238.jpg)
the
1238
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crit-
1239
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i-
1240
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cal
1241
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cur-
1242
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rents
1243
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of
1244
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the
1245
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junc-
1246
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tions
1247
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can
1248
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be
1249
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tuned
1250
![Page 1251: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1251.jpg)
by
1251
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a
1252
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mag-
1253
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netic
1254
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field
1255
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so
1256
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that
1257
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the
1258
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ef-
1259
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fec-
1260
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tive
1261
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Joseph-
1262
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son
1263
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en-
1264
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er-
1265
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gies
1266
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of
1267
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the
1268
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junc-
1269
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tions
1270
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can
1271
![Page 1272: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1272.jpg)
be
1272
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equal-
1273
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ized.
1274
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The
1275
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ef-
1276
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fect
1277
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of
1278
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any
1279
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resid-
1280
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ual
1281
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asym-
1282
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me-
1283
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try
1284
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can
1285
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be
1286
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es-
1287
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ti-
1288
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mated
1289
![Page 1290: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1290.jpg)
by
1290
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per-
1291
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tur-
1292
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ba-
1293
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tion
1294
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the-
1295
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ory.
1296
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As
1297
![Page 1298: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1298.jpg)
long
1298
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as
1299
![Page 1300: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1300.jpg)
the
1300
![Page 1301: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1301.jpg)
am-
1301
![Page 1302: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1302.jpg)
pli-
1302
![Page 1303: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1303.jpg)
tude
1303
![Page 1304: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1304.jpg)
of
1304
![Page 1305: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1305.jpg)
the
1305
![Page 1306: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1306.jpg)
tran-
1306
![Page 1307: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1307.jpg)
si-
1307
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tion
1308
![Page 1309: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1309.jpg)
ma-
1309
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trix
1310
![Page 1311: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1311.jpg)
el-
1311
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e-
1312
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ment
1313
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due
1314
![Page 1315: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1315.jpg)
to
1315
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the
1316
![Page 1317: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1317.jpg)
asym-
1317
![Page 1318: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1318.jpg)
me-
1318
![Page 1319: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1319.jpg)
try
1319
![Page 1320: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1320.jpg)
is
1320
![Page 1321: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1321.jpg)
much
1321
![Page 1322: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1322.jpg)
smaller
1322
![Page 1323: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1323.jpg)
than
1323
![Page 1324: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1324.jpg)
the
1324
![Page 1325: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1325.jpg)
en-
1325
![Page 1326: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1326.jpg)
ergy
1326
![Page 1327: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1327.jpg)
gap
1327
![Page 1328: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1328.jpg)
be-
1328
![Page 1329: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1329.jpg)
tween
1329
![Page 1330: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1330.jpg)
the
1330
![Page 1331: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1331.jpg)
cen-
1331
![Page 1332: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1332.jpg)
ter
1332
![Page 1333: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1333.jpg)
of
1333
![Page 1334: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1334.jpg)
mass
1334
![Page 1335: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1335.jpg)
mo-
1335
![Page 1336: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1336.jpg)
tion
1336
![Page 1337: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1337.jpg)
mode
1337
![Page 1338: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1338.jpg)
and
1338
![Page 1339: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1339.jpg)
higher
1339
![Page 1340: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1340.jpg)
modes,
1340
![Page 1341: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1341.jpg)
the
1341
![Page 1342: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1342.jpg)
en-
1342
![Page 1343: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1343.jpg)
ergy
1343
![Page 1344: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1344.jpg)
and
1344
![Page 1345: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1345.jpg)
wave-
1345
![Page 1346: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1346.jpg)
func-
1346
![Page 1347: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1347.jpg)
tion
1347
![Page 1348: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1348.jpg)
of
1348
![Page 1349: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1349.jpg)
the
1349
![Page 1350: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1350.jpg)
cen-
1350
![Page 1351: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1351.jpg)
ter
1351
![Page 1352: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1352.jpg)
of
1352
![Page 1353: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1353.jpg)
mass
1353
![Page 1354: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1354.jpg)
mo-
1354
![Page 1355: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1355.jpg)
tion
1355
![Page 1356: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1356.jpg)
mode
1356
![Page 1357: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1357.jpg)
re-
1357
![Page 1358: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1358.jpg)
main
1358
![Page 1359: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1359.jpg)
close
1359
![Page 1360: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1360.jpg)
to
1360
![Page 1361: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1361.jpg)
un-
1361
![Page 1362: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1362.jpg)
per-
1362
![Page 1363: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1363.jpg)
turbed.
1363
![Page 1364: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1364.jpg)
In
1364
![Page 1365: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1365.jpg)
or-
1365
![Page 1366: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1366.jpg)
der
1366
![Page 1367: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1367.jpg)
to
1367
![Page 1368: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1368.jpg)
im-
1368
![Page 1369: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1369.jpg)
ple-
1369
![Page 1370: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1370.jpg)
ment
1370
![Page 1371: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1371.jpg)
pro-
1371
![Page 1372: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1372.jpg)
to-
1372
![Page 1373: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1373.jpg)
cols
1373
![Page 1374: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1374.jpg)
de-
1374
![Page 1375: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1375.jpg)
vel-
1375
![Page 1376: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1376.jpg)
oped
1376
![Page 1377: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1377.jpg)
in
1377
![Page 1378: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1378.jpg)
su-
1378
![Page 1379: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1379.jpg)
per-
1379
![Page 1380: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1380.jpg)
con-
1380
![Page 1381: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1381.jpg)
duct-
1381
![Page 1382: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1382.jpg)
ing
1382
![Page 1383: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1383.jpg)
qubit
1383
![Page 1384: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1384.jpg)
based
1384
![Page 1385: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1385.jpg)
cavity-
1385
![Page 1386: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1386.jpg)
QED
1386
![Page 1387: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1387.jpg)
[13,14,15,16],
1387
![Page 1388: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1388.jpg)
we
1388
![Page 1389: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1389.jpg)
need
1389
![Page 1390: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1390.jpg)
to
1390
![Page 1391: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1391.jpg)
cou-
1391
![Page 1392: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1392.jpg)
ple
1392
![Page 1393: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1393.jpg)
the
1393
![Page 1394: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1394.jpg)
su-
1394
![Page 1395: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1395.jpg)
per-
1395
![Page 1396: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1396.jpg)
con-
1396
![Page 1397: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1397.jpg)
duct-
1397
![Page 1398: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1398.jpg)
ing
1398
![Page 1399: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1399.jpg)
qubits
1399
![Page 1400: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1400.jpg)
to
1400
![Page 1401: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1401.jpg)
the
1401
![Page 1402: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1402.jpg)
cen-
1402
![Page 1403: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1403.jpg)
ter
1403
![Page 1404: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1404.jpg)
of
1404
![Page 1405: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1405.jpg)
mass
1405
![Page 1406: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1406.jpg)
mo-
1406
![Page 1407: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1407.jpg)
tion
1407
![Page 1408: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1408.jpg)
mode
1408
![Page 1409: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1409.jpg)
of
1409
![Page 1410: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1410.jpg)
the
1410
![Page 1411: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1411.jpg)
junc-
1411
![Page 1412: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1412.jpg)
tion
1412
![Page 1413: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1413.jpg)
ar-
1413
![Page 1414: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1414.jpg)
ray
1414
![Page 1415: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1415.jpg)
in
1415
![Page 1416: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1416.jpg)
a
1416
![Page 1417: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1417.jpg)
way
1417
![Page 1418: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1418.jpg)
such
1418
![Page 1419: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1419.jpg)
that
1419
![Page 1420: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1420.jpg)
they
1420
![Page 1421: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1421.jpg)
can
1421
![Page 1422: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1422.jpg)
ex-
1422
![Page 1423: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1423.jpg)
change
1423
![Page 1424: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1424.jpg)
en-
1424
![Page 1425: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1425.jpg)
ergy.
1425
![Page 1426: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1426.jpg)
This
1426
![Page 1427: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1427.jpg)
is
1427
![Page 1428: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1428.jpg)
shown
1428
![Page 1429: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1429.jpg)
in
1429
![Page 1430: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1430.jpg)
Fig.
1430
![Page 1431: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1431.jpg)
1
1431
![Page 1432: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1432.jpg)
(b)
1432
![Page 1433: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1433.jpg)
and
1433
![Page 1434: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1434.jpg)
(c)
1434
![Page 1435: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1435.jpg)
for
1435
![Page 1436: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1436.jpg)
both
1436
![Page 1437: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1437.jpg)
charge
1437
![Page 1438: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1438.jpg)
and
1438
![Page 1439: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1439.jpg)
flux
1439
![Page 1440: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1440.jpg)
qubits.
1440
![Page 1441: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1441.jpg)
Here
1441
![Page 1442: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1442.jpg)
each
1442
![Page 1443: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1443.jpg)
ver-
1443
![Page 1444: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1444.jpg)
ti-
1444
![Page 1445: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1445.jpg)
cal
1445
![Page 1446: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1446.jpg)
junc-
1446
![Page 1447: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1447.jpg)
tion
1447
![Page 1448: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1448.jpg)
in
1448
![Page 1449: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1449.jpg)
the
1449
![Page 1450: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1450.jpg)
junc-
1450
![Page 1451: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1451.jpg)
tion
1451
![Page 1452: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1452.jpg)
ar-
1452
![Page 1453: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1453.jpg)
ray
1453
![Page 1454: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1454.jpg)
is
1454
![Page 1455: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1455.jpg)
re-
1455
![Page 1456: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1456.jpg)
placed
1456
![Page 1457: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1457.jpg)
by
1457
![Page 1458: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1458.jpg)
a
1458
![Page 1459: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1459.jpg)
small
1459
![Page 1460: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1460.jpg)
self-
1460
![Page 1461: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1461.jpg)
inductance
1461
![Page 1462: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1462.jpg)
dc-
1462
![Page 1463: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1463.jpg)
SQUID
1463
![Page 1464: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1464.jpg)
and
1464
![Page 1465: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1465.jpg)
cou-
1465
![Page 1466: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1466.jpg)
pled
1466
![Page 1467: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1467.jpg)
in-
1467
![Page 1468: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1468.jpg)
duc-
1468
![Page 1469: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1469.jpg)
tively
1469
![Page 1470: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1470.jpg)
to
1470
![Page 1471: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1471.jpg)
a
1471
![Page 1472: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1472.jpg)
su-
1472
![Page 1473: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1473.jpg)
per-
1473
![Page 1474: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1474.jpg)
con-
1474
![Page 1475: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1475.jpg)
duct-
1475
![Page 1476: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1476.jpg)
ing
1476
![Page 1477: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1477.jpg)
qubit.
1477
![Page 1478: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1478.jpg)
Con-
1478
![Page 1479: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1479.jpg)
sider
1479
![Page 1480: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1480.jpg)
the
1480
![Page 1481: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1481.jpg)
charge
1481
![Page 1482: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1482.jpg)
qubit
1482
![Page 1483: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1483.jpg)
whose
1483
![Page 1484: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1484.jpg)
Hamil-
1484
![Page 1485: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1485.jpg)
to-
1485
![Page 1486: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1486.jpg)
nian
1486
![Page 1487: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1487.jpg)
is
1487
![Page 1488: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1488.jpg)
HQ =
1488
![Page 1489: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1489.jpg)
−Bzσz/2−
1489
![Page 1490: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1490.jpg)
Bxσx/2,
1490
![Page 1491: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1491.jpg)
where
1491
![Page 1492: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1492.jpg)
Bz
1492
![Page 1493: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1493.jpg)
and
1493
![Page 1494: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1494.jpg)
Bx
1494
![Page 1495: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1495.jpg)
are
1495
![Page 1496: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1496.jpg)
de-
1496
![Page 1497: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1497.jpg)
ter-
1497
![Page 1498: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1498.jpg)
mined
1498
![Page 1499: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1499.jpg)
by
1499
![Page 1500: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1500.jpg)
the
1500
![Page 1501: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1501.jpg)
gate
1501
![Page 1502: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1502.jpg)
volt-
1502
![Page 1503: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1503.jpg)
age
1503
![Page 1504: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1504.jpg)
and
1504
![Page 1505: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1505.jpg)
Joseph-
1505
![Page 1506: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1506.jpg)
son
1506
![Page 1507: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1507.jpg)
en-
1507
![Page 1508: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1508.jpg)
ergy
1508
![Page 1509: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1509.jpg)
of
1509
![Page 1510: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1510.jpg)
the
1510
![Page 1511: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1511.jpg)
charge
1511
![Page 1512: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1512.jpg)
qubit.
1512
![Page 1513: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1513.jpg)
When
1513
![Page 1514: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1514.jpg)
its
1514
![Page 1515: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1515.jpg)
en-
1515
![Page 1516: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1516.jpg)
ergy
1516
![Page 1517: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1517.jpg)
Bz
1517
![Page 1518: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1518.jpg)
is
1518
![Page 1519: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1519.jpg)
tuned
1519
![Page 1520: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1520.jpg)
close
1520
![Page 1521: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1521.jpg)
to
1521
![Page 1522: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1522.jpg)
ν0 =
1522
![Page 1523: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1523.jpg)
ωp
1523
![Page 1524: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1524.jpg)
and
1524
![Page 1525: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1525.jpg)
its
1525
![Page 1526: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1526.jpg)
dc-
1526
![Page 1527: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1527.jpg)
SQUID
1527
![Page 1528: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1528.jpg)
is
1528
![Page 1529: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1529.jpg)
bi-
1529
![Page 1530: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1530.jpg)
ased
1530
![Page 1531: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1531.jpg)
at
1531
![Page 1532: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1532.jpg)
Φ0/2
1532
![Page 1533: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1533.jpg)
(in-
1533
![Page 1534: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1534.jpg)
clud-
1534
![Page 1535: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1535.jpg)
ing
1535
![Page 1536: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1536.jpg)
the
1536
![Page 1537: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1537.jpg)
flux
1537
![Page 1538: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1538.jpg)
due
1538
![Page 1539: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1539.jpg)
to
1539
![Page 1540: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1540.jpg)
the
1540
![Page 1541: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1541.jpg)
junc-
1541
![Page 1542: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1542.jpg)
tion
1542
![Page 1543: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1543.jpg)
ar-
1543
![Page 1544: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1544.jpg)
ray’s
1544
![Page 1545: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1545.jpg)
bias
1545
![Page 1546: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1546.jpg)
cur-
1546
![Page 1547: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1547.jpg)
rent
1547
![Page 1548: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1548.jpg)
Ib),
1548
![Page 1549: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1549.jpg)
the
1549
![Page 1550: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1550.jpg)
in-
1550
![Page 1551: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1551.jpg)
duc-
1551
![Page 1552: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1552.jpg)
tive
1552
![Page 1553: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1553.jpg)
cou-
1553
![Page 1554: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1554.jpg)
pling
1554
![Page 1555: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1555.jpg)
re-
1555
![Page 1556: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1556.jpg)
sults
1556
![Page 1557: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1557.jpg)
in
1557
![Page 1558: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1558.jpg)
a
1558
![Page 1559: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1559.jpg)
cou-
1559
![Page 1560: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1560.jpg)
pling
1560
![Page 1561: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1561.jpg)
Hamil-
1561
![Page 1562: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1562.jpg)
to-
1562
![Page 1563: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1563.jpg)
nian
1563
![Page 1564: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1564.jpg)
Hc =
1564
![Page 1565: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1565.jpg)
−g(aσ++
1565
![Page 1566: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1566.jpg)
a†σ−),
1566
![Page 1567: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1567.jpg)
where
1567
![Page 1568: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1568.jpg)
g =
1568
![Page 1569: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1569.jpg)
(M/2)(Ic cos θ(0))IQc (2π/Φ0)
√
~/2CωpN ,
1569
![Page 1570: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1570.jpg)
M
1570
![Page 1571: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1571.jpg)
is
1571
![Page 1572: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1572.jpg)
the
1572
![Page 1573: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1573.jpg)
mu-
1573
![Page 1574: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1574.jpg)
tual
1574
![Page 1575: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1575.jpg)
in-
1575
![Page 1576: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1576.jpg)
duc-
1576
![Page 1577: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1577.jpg)
tance,
1577
![Page 1578: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1578.jpg)
IQc
1578
![Page 1579: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1579.jpg)
is
1579
![Page 1580: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1580.jpg)
the
1580
![Page 1581: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1581.jpg)
crit-
1581
![Page 1582: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1582.jpg)
i-
1582
![Page 1583: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1583.jpg)
cal
1583
![Page 1584: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1584.jpg)
cur-
1584
![Page 1585: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1585.jpg)
rent
1585
![Page 1586: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1586.jpg)
of
1586
![Page 1587: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1587.jpg)
the
1587
![Page 1588: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1588.jpg)
dc-
1588
![Page 1589: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1589.jpg)
SQUID
1589
![Page 1590: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1590.jpg)
junc-
1590
![Page 1591: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1591.jpg)
tions
1591
![Page 1592: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1592.jpg)
of
1592
![Page 1593: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1593.jpg)
the
1593
![Page 1594: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1594.jpg)
charge
1594
![Page 1595: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1595.jpg)
qubit,
1595
![Page 1596: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1596.jpg)
and
1596
![Page 1597: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1597.jpg)
a
1597
![Page 1598: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1598.jpg)
is
1598
![Page 1599: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1599.jpg)
the
1599
![Page 1600: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1600.jpg)
an-
1600
![Page 1601: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1601.jpg)
ni-
1601
![Page 1602: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1602.jpg)
hi-
1602
![Page 1603: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1603.jpg)
la-
1603
![Page 1604: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1604.jpg)
tion
1604
![Page 1605: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1605.jpg)
op-
1605
![Page 1606: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1606.jpg)
er-
1606
![Page 1607: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1607.jpg)
a-
1607
![Page 1608: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1608.jpg)
tor
1608
![Page 1609: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1609.jpg)
for
1609
![Page 1610: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1610.jpg)
the
1610
![Page 1611: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1611.jpg)
cen-
1611
![Page 1612: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1612.jpg)
ter
1612
![Page 1613: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1613.jpg)
of
1613
![Page 1614: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1614.jpg)
mass
1614
![Page 1615: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1615.jpg)
mo-
1615
![Page 1616: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1616.jpg)
tion
1616
![Page 1617: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1617.jpg)
mode
1617
![Page 1618: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1618.jpg)
of
1618
![Page 1619: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1619.jpg)
the
1619
![Page 1620: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1620.jpg)
junc-
1620
![Page 1621: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1621.jpg)
tion
1621
![Page 1622: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1622.jpg)
ar-
1622
![Page 1623: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1623.jpg)
ray.
1623
![Page 1624: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1624.jpg)
In
1624
![Page 1625: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1625.jpg)
de-
1625
![Page 1626: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1626.jpg)
riv-
1626
![Page 1627: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1627.jpg)
ing
1627
![Page 1628: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1628.jpg)
Hc,
1628
![Page 1629: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1629.jpg)
we
1629
![Page 1630: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1630.jpg)
have
1630
![Page 1631: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1631.jpg)
used
1631
![Page 1632: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1632.jpg)
the
1632
![Page 1633: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1633.jpg)
ro-
1633
![Page 1634: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1634.jpg)
tat-
1634
![Page 1635: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1635.jpg)
ing
1635
![Page 1636: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1636.jpg)
wave
1636
![Page 1637: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1637.jpg)
ap-
1637
![Page 1638: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1638.jpg)
prox-
1638
![Page 1639: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1639.jpg)
i-
1639
![Page 1640: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1640.jpg)
ma-
1640
![Page 1641: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1641.jpg)
tion
1641
![Page 1642: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1642.jpg)
to
1642
![Page 1643: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1643.jpg)
drop
1643
![Page 1644: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1644.jpg)
terms
1644
![Page 1645: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1645.jpg)
that
1645
![Page 1646: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1646.jpg)
os-
1646
![Page 1647: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1647.jpg)
cil-
1647
![Page 1648: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1648.jpg)
late
1648
![Page 1649: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1649.jpg)
at
1649
![Page 1650: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1650.jpg)
high
1650
![Page 1651: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1651.jpg)
fre-
1651
![Page 1652: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1652.jpg)
quen-
1652
![Page 1653: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1653.jpg)
cies.
1653
![Page 1654: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1654.jpg)
For
1654
![Page 1655: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1655.jpg)
the
1655
![Page 1656: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1656.jpg)
flux
1656
![Page 1657: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1657.jpg)
qubit
1657
![Page 1658: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1658.jpg)
case
1658
![Page 1659: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1659.jpg)
shown
1659
![Page 1660: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1660.jpg)
in
1660
![Page 1661: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1661.jpg)
Fig.
1661
![Page 1662: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1662.jpg)
1
1662
![Page 1663: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1663.jpg)
(b),
1663
![Page 1664: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1664.jpg)
we
1664
![Page 1665: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1665.jpg)
can
1665
![Page 1666: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1666.jpg)
de-
1666
![Page 1667: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1667.jpg)
rive
1667
![Page 1668: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1668.jpg)
the
1668
![Page 1669: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1669.jpg)
same
1669
![Page 1670: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1670.jpg)
cou-
1670
![Page 1671: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1671.jpg)
pling
1671
![Page 1672: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1672.jpg)
Hamil-
1672
![Page 1673: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1673.jpg)
to-
1673
![Page 1674: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1674.jpg)
nian,
1674
![Page 1675: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1675.jpg)
with
1675
![Page 1676: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1676.jpg)
a
1676
![Page 1677: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1677.jpg)
cou-
1677
![Page 1678: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1678.jpg)
pling
1678
![Page 1679: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1679.jpg)
co-
1679
![Page 1680: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1680.jpg)
ef-
1680
![Page 1681: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1681.jpg)
fi-
1681
![Page 1682: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1682.jpg)
cient
1682
![Page 1683: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1683.jpg)
which
1683
![Page 1684: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1684.jpg)
is
1684
![Page 1685: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1685.jpg)
pro-
1685
![Page 1686: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1686.jpg)
por-
1686
![Page 1687: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1687.jpg)
tional
1687
![Page 1688: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1688.jpg)
to
1688
![Page 1689: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1689.jpg)
the
1689
![Page 1690: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1690.jpg)
mu-
1690
![Page 1691: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1691.jpg)
tual
1691
![Page 1692: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1692.jpg)
in-
1692
![Page 1693: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1693.jpg)
duc-
1693
![Page 1694: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1694.jpg)
tance
1694
![Page 1695: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1695.jpg)
and
1695
![Page 1696: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1696.jpg)
can
1696
![Page 1697: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1697.jpg)
be
1697
![Page 1698: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1698.jpg)
eval-
1698
![Page 1699: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1699.jpg)
u-
1699
![Page 1700: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1700.jpg)
ated
1700
![Page 1701: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1701.jpg)
in
1701
![Page 1702: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1702.jpg)
terms
1702
![Page 1703: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1703.jpg)
of
1703
![Page 1704: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1704.jpg)
the
1704
![Page 1705: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1705.jpg)
qubit
1705
![Page 1706: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1706.jpg)
pa-
1706
![Page 1707: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1707.jpg)
ram-
1707
![Page 1708: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1708.jpg)
e-
1708
![Page 1709: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1709.jpg)
ters
1709
![Page 1710: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1710.jpg)
[24].
1710
![Page 1711: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1711.jpg)
With
1711
![Page 1712: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1712.jpg)
the
1712
![Page 1713: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1713.jpg)
above
1713
![Page 1714: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1714.jpg)
de-
1714
![Page 1715: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1715.jpg)
sign
1715
![Page 1716: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1716.jpg)
we
1716
![Page 1717: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1717.jpg)
then
1717
![Page 1718: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1718.jpg)
have
1718
![Page 1719: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1719.jpg)
a
1719
![Page 1720: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1720.jpg)
struc-
1720
![Page 1721: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1721.jpg)
ture
1721
![Page 1722: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1722.jpg)
in
1722
![Page 1723: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1723.jpg)
close
1723
![Page 1724: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1724.jpg)
anal-
1724
![Page 1725: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1725.jpg)
ogy
1725
![Page 1726: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1726.jpg)
to
1726
![Page 1727: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1727.jpg)
the
1727
![Page 1728: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1728.jpg)
ion
1728
![Page 1729: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1729.jpg)
trap
1729
![Page 1730: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1730.jpg)
quan-
1730
![Page 1731: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1731.jpg)
tum
1731
![Page 1732: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1732.jpg)
com-
1732
![Page 1733: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1733.jpg)
puter
1733
![Page 1734: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1734.jpg)
in
1734
![Page 1735: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1735.jpg)
which
1735
![Page 1736: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1736.jpg)
the
1736
![Page 1737: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1737.jpg)
qubits
1737
![Page 1738: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1738.jpg)
com-
1738
![Page 1739: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1739.jpg)
mu-
1739
![Page 1740: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1740.jpg)
ni-
1740
![Page 1741: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1741.jpg)
cate
1741
![Page 1742: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1742.jpg)
through
1742
![Page 1743: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1743.jpg)
the
1743
![Page 1744: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1744.jpg)
cen-
1744
![Page 1745: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1745.jpg)
ter
1745
![Page 1746: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1746.jpg)
of
1746
![Page 1747: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1747.jpg)
mass
1747
![Page 1748: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1748.jpg)
phonon
1748
![Page 1749: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1749.jpg)
mode.
1749
![Page 1750: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1750.jpg)
To
1750
![Page 1751: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1751.jpg)
re-
1751
![Page 1752: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1752.jpg)
al-
1752
![Page 1753: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1753.jpg)
ize
1753
![Page 1754: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1754.jpg)
a
1754
![Page 1755: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1755.jpg)
uni-
1755
![Page 1756: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1756.jpg)
ver-
1756
![Page 1757: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1757.jpg)
sal
1757
![Page 1758: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1758.jpg)
quan-
1758
![Page 1759: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1759.jpg)
tum
1759
![Page 1760: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1760.jpg)
com-
1760
![Page 1761: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1761.jpg)
puter,
1761
![Page 1762: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1762.jpg)
we
1762
![Page 1763: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1763.jpg)
can
1763
![Page 1764: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1764.jpg)
use
1764
![Page 1765: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1765.jpg)
ei-
1765
![Page 1766: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1766.jpg)
ther
1766
![Page 1767: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1767.jpg)
the
1767
![Page 1768: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1768.jpg)
res-
1768
![Page 1769: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1769.jpg)
o-
1769
![Page 1770: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1770.jpg)
nant
1770
![Page 1771: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1771.jpg)
[13,14]
1771
![Page 1772: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1772.jpg)
or
1772
![Page 1773: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1773.jpg)
dis-
1773
![Page 1774: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1774.jpg)
per-
1774
![Page 1775: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1775.jpg)
sive
1775
![Page 1776: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1776.jpg)
[13,15,16]
1776
![Page 1777: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1777.jpg)
in-
1777
![Page 1778: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1778.jpg)
ter-
1778
![Page 1779: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1779.jpg)
ac-
1779
![Page 1780: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1780.jpg)
tion
1780
![Page 1781: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1781.jpg)
be-
1781
![Page 1782: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1782.jpg)
tween
1782
![Page 1783: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1783.jpg)
the
1783
![Page 1784: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1784.jpg)
qubits
1784
![Page 1785: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1785.jpg)
and
1785
![Page 1786: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1786.jpg)
the
1786
![Page 1787: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1787.jpg)
junc-
1787
![Page 1788: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1788.jpg)
tion
1788
![Page 1789: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1789.jpg)
ar-
1789
![Page 1790: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1790.jpg)
ray
1790
![Page 1791: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1791.jpg)
mode.
1791
![Page 1792: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1792.jpg)
The
1792
![Page 1793: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1793.jpg)
in-
1793
![Page 1794: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1794.jpg)
ter-
1794
![Page 1795: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1795.jpg)
ac-
1795
![Page 1796: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1796.jpg)
tion
1796
![Page 1797: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1797.jpg)
is
1797
![Page 1798: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1798.jpg)
switched
1798
![Page 1799: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1799.jpg)
on
1799
![Page 1800: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1800.jpg)
and
1800
![Page 1801: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1801.jpg)
off
1801
![Page 1802: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1802.jpg)
by
1802
![Page 1803: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1803.jpg)
tun-
1803
![Page 1804: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1804.jpg)
ing
1804
![Page 1805: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1805.jpg)
the
1805
![Page 1806: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1806.jpg)
en-
1806
![Page 1807: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1807.jpg)
ergy
1807
![Page 1808: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1808.jpg)
of
1808
![Page 1809: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1809.jpg)
the
1809
![Page 1810: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1810.jpg)
qubit
1810
![Page 1811: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1811.jpg)
into
1811
![Page 1812: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1812.jpg)
and
1812
![Page 1813: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1813.jpg)
out
1813
![Page 1814: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1814.jpg)
of
1814
![Page 1815: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1815.jpg)
res-
1815
![Page 1816: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1816.jpg)
o-
1816
![Page 1817: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1817.jpg)
nance
1817
![Page 1818: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1818.jpg)
with
1818
![Page 1819: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1819.jpg)
the
1819
![Page 1820: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1820.jpg)
junc-
1820
![Page 1821: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1821.jpg)
tion
1821
![Page 1822: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1822.jpg)
ar-
1822
![Page 1823: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1823.jpg)
ray.
1823
![Page 1824: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1824.jpg)
Typical
1824
![Page 1825: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1825.jpg)
val-
1825
![Page 1826: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1826.jpg)
ues
1826
![Page 1827: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1827.jpg)
for
1827
![Page 1828: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1828.jpg)
ωp
1828
![Page 1829: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1829.jpg)
and
1829
![Page 1830: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1830.jpg)
qubit
1830
![Page 1831: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1831.jpg)
en-
1831
![Page 1832: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1832.jpg)
er-
1832
![Page 1833: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1833.jpg)
gies
1833
![Page 1834: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1834.jpg)
can
1834
![Page 1835: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1835.jpg)
be
1835
![Page 1836: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1836.jpg)
cho-
1836
![Page 1837: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1837.jpg)
sen
1837
![Page 1838: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1838.jpg)
to
1838
![Page 1839: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1839.jpg)
be
1839
![Page 1840: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1840.jpg)
up
1840
![Page 1841: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1841.jpg)
to
1841
![Page 1842: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1842.jpg)
10GHz.
1842
![Page 1843: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1843.jpg)
The
1843
![Page 1844: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1844.jpg)
cou-
1844
![Page 1845: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1845.jpg)
pling
1845
![Page 1846: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1846.jpg)
strength
1846
![Page 1847: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1847.jpg)
g
1847
![Page 1848: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1848.jpg)
can
1848
![Page 1849: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1849.jpg)
be
1849
![Page 1850: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1850.jpg)
tens
1850
![Page 1851: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1851.jpg)
of
1851
![Page 1852: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1852.jpg)
mega-
1852
![Page 1853: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1853.jpg)
hertz
1853
![Page 1854: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1854.jpg)
[15,25].
1854
![Page 1855: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1855.jpg)
When
1855
![Page 1856: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1856.jpg)
the
1856
![Page 1857: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1857.jpg)
sys-
1857
![Page 1858: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1858.jpg)
tem
1858
![Page 1859: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1859.jpg)
scales
1859
![Page 1860: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1860.jpg)
up
1860
![Page 1861: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1861.jpg)
(N
1861
![Page 1862: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1862.jpg)
in-
1862
![Page 1863: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1863.jpg)
creases),
1863
![Page 1864: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1864.jpg)
the
1864
![Page 1865: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1865.jpg)
en-
1865
![Page 1866: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1866.jpg)
ergy
1866
![Page 1867: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1867.jpg)
gap
1867
![Page 1868: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1868.jpg)
be-
1868
![Page 1869: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1869.jpg)
tween
1869
![Page 1870: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1870.jpg)
the
1870
![Page 1871: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1871.jpg)
cen-
1871
![Page 1872: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1872.jpg)
ter
1872
![Page 1873: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1873.jpg)
of
1873
![Page 1874: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1874.jpg)
mass
1874
![Page 1875: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1875.jpg)
mo-
1875
![Page 1876: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1876.jpg)
tion
1876
![Page 1877: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1877.jpg)
mode
1877
![Page 1878: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1878.jpg)
and
1878
![Page 1879: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1879.jpg)
the
1879
![Page 1880: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1880.jpg)
higher
1880
![Page 1881: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1881.jpg)
modes
1881
![Page 1882: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1882.jpg)
should
1882
![Page 1883: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1883.jpg)
re-
1883
![Page 1884: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1884.jpg)
main
1884
![Page 1885: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1885.jpg)
much
1885
![Page 1886: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1886.jpg)
greater
1886
![Page 1887: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1887.jpg)
than
1887
![Page 1888: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1888.jpg)
the
1888
![Page 1889: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1889.jpg)
cou-
1889
![Page 1890: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1890.jpg)
pling
1890
![Page 1891: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1891.jpg)
strength
1891
![Page 1892: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1892.jpg)
g
1892
![Page 1893: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1893.jpg)
to
1893
![Page 1894: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1894.jpg)
avoid
1894
![Page 1895: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1895.jpg)
ex-
1895
![Page 1896: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1896.jpg)
ci-
1896
![Page 1897: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1897.jpg)
ta-
1897
![Page 1898: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1898.jpg)
tion
1898
![Page 1899: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1899.jpg)
of
1899
![Page 1900: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1900.jpg)
up-
1900
![Page 1901: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1901.jpg)
per
1901
![Page 1902: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1902.jpg)
modes.
1902
![Page 1903: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1903.jpg)
When
1903
![Page 1904: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1904.jpg)
N
1904
![Page 1905: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1905.jpg)
is
1905
![Page 1906: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1906.jpg)
large,
1906
![Page 1907: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1907.jpg)
the
1907
![Page 1908: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1908.jpg)
en-
1908
![Page 1909: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1909.jpg)
ergy
1909
![Page 1910: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1910.jpg)
dif-
1910
![Page 1911: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1911.jpg)
fer-
1911
![Page 1912: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1912.jpg)
ence
1912
![Page 1913: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1913.jpg)
be-
1913
![Page 1914: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1914.jpg)
tween
1914
![Page 1915: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1915.jpg)
the
1915
![Page 1916: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1916.jpg)
low-
1916
![Page 1917: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1917.jpg)
est
1917
![Page 1918: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1918.jpg)
two
1918
![Page 1919: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1919.jpg)
modes
1919
![Page 1920: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1920.jpg)
is
1920
![Page 1921: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1921.jpg)
∆ν01 =
1921
![Page 1922: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1922.jpg)
(π2K2/2N2 cos θ(0))ωp.
1922
![Page 1923: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1923.jpg)
For
1923
![Page 1924: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1924.jpg)
K =
1924
![Page 1925: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1925.jpg)
20
1925
![Page 1926: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1926.jpg)
[26]
1926
![Page 1927: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1927.jpg)
and
1927
![Page 1928: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1928.jpg)
ib =
1928
![Page 1929: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1929.jpg)
0.97,
1929
![Page 1930: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1930.jpg)
this
1930
![Page 1931: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1931.jpg)
im-
1931
![Page 1932: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1932.jpg)
plies
1932
![Page 1933: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1933.jpg)
an
1933
![Page 1934: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1934.jpg)
up-
1934
![Page 1935: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1935.jpg)
per
1935
![Page 1936: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1936.jpg)
limit
1936
![Page 1937: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1937.jpg)
of
1937
![Page 1938: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1938.jpg)
a
1938
![Page 1939: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1939.jpg)
few
1939
![Page 1940: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1940.jpg)
hun-
1940
![Page 1941: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1941.jpg)
dred
1941
![Page 1942: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1942.jpg)
for
1942
![Page 1943: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1943.jpg)
N .
1943
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To
1944
![Page 1945: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1945.jpg)
re-
1945
![Page 1946: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1946.jpg)
lax
1946
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this
1947
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limit,
1948
![Page 1949: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1949.jpg)
we
1949
![Page 1950: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1950.jpg)
can
1950
![Page 1951: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1951.jpg)
use
1951
![Page 1952: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1952.jpg)
more
1952
![Page 1953: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1953.jpg)
com-
1953
![Page 1954: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1954.jpg)
pli-
1954
![Page 1955: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1955.jpg)
cated
1955
![Page 1956: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1956.jpg)
de-
1956
![Page 1957: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1957.jpg)
signs
1957
![Page 1958: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1958.jpg)
than
1958
![Page 1959: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1959.jpg)
the
1959
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sim-
1960
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ple
1961
![Page 1962: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1962.jpg)
1d
1962
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ar-
1963
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ray
1964
![Page 1965: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1965.jpg)
in
1965
![Page 1966: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1966.jpg)
Fig.
1966
![Page 1967: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1967.jpg)
1
1967
![Page 1968: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1968.jpg)
(a).
1968
![Page 1969: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1969.jpg)
For
1969
![Page 1970: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1970.jpg)
in-
1970
![Page 1971: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1971.jpg)
stance,
1971
![Page 1972: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1972.jpg)
we
1972
![Page 1973: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1973.jpg)
can
1973
![Page 1974: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1974.jpg)
con-
1974
![Page 1975: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1975.jpg)
sider
1975
![Page 1976: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1976.jpg)
a
1976
![Page 1977: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1977.jpg)
net-
1977
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work
1978
![Page 1979: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1979.jpg)
of
1979
![Page 1980: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1980.jpg)
N
1980
![Page 1981: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1981.jpg)
su-
1981
![Page 1982: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1982.jpg)
per-
1982
![Page 1983: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1983.jpg)
con-
1983
![Page 1984: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1984.jpg)
duct-
1984
![Page 1985: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1985.jpg)
ing
1985
![Page 1986: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1986.jpg)
is-
1986
![Page 1987: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1987.jpg)
lands
1987
![Page 1988: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1988.jpg)
in
1988
![Page 1989: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1989.jpg)
which
1989
![Page 1990: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1990.jpg)
each
1990
![Page 1991: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1991.jpg)
pair
1991
![Page 1992: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1992.jpg)
of
1992
![Page 1993: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1993.jpg)
nodes
1993
![Page 1994: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1994.jpg)
is
1994
![Page 1995: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1995.jpg)
cou-
1995
![Page 1996: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1996.jpg)
pled
1996
![Page 1997: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1997.jpg)
by
1997
![Page 1998: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1998.jpg)
a
1998
![Page 1999: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/1999.jpg)
Joseph-
1999
![Page 2000: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2000.jpg)
son
2000
![Page 2001: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2001.jpg)
junc-
2001
![Page 2002: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2002.jpg)
tion,
2002
![Page 2003: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2003.jpg)
as
2003
![Page 2004: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2004.jpg)
shown
2004
![Page 2005: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2005.jpg)
in
2005
![Page 2006: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2006.jpg)
Fig.
2006
![Page 2007: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2007.jpg)
1
2007
![Page 2008: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2008.jpg)
(d).
2008
![Page 2009: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2009.jpg)
Each
2009
![Page 2010: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2010.jpg)
is-
2010
![Page 2011: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2011.jpg)
land
2011
![Page 2012: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2012.jpg)
is
2012
![Page 2013: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2013.jpg)
still
2013
![Page 2014: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2014.jpg)
grounded
2014
![Page 2015: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2015.jpg)
though
2015
![Page 2016: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2016.jpg)
a
2016
![Page 2017: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2017.jpg)
junc-
2017
![Page 2018: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2018.jpg)
tion
2018
![Page 2019: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2019.jpg)
whose
2019
![Page 2020: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2020.jpg)
plasma
2020
![Page 2021: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2021.jpg)
fre-
2021
![Page 2022: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2022.jpg)
quency
2022
![Page 2023: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2023.jpg)
is
2023
![Page 2024: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2024.jpg)
ωp,
2024
![Page 2025: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2025.jpg)
and
2025
![Page 2026: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2026.jpg)
the
2026
![Page 2027: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2027.jpg)
Joseph-
2027
![Page 2028: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2028.jpg)
son
2028
![Page 2029: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2029.jpg)
en-
2029
![Page 2030: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2030.jpg)
ergy
2030
![Page 2031: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2031.jpg)
of
2031
![Page 2032: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2032.jpg)
the
2032
![Page 2033: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2033.jpg)
cou-
2033
![Page 2034: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2034.jpg)
pling
2034
![Page 2035: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2035.jpg)
junc-
2035
![Page 2036: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2036.jpg)
tions
2036
![Page 2037: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2037.jpg)
is
2037
![Page 2038: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2038.jpg)
K2
2038
![Page 2039: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2039.jpg)
that
2039
![Page 2040: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2040.jpg)
of
2040
![Page 2041: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2041.jpg)
the
2041
![Page 2042: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2042.jpg)
ground-
2042
![Page 2043: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2043.jpg)
ing
2043
![Page 2044: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2044.jpg)
junc-
2044
![Page 2045: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2045.jpg)
tions.
2045
![Page 2046: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2046.jpg)
In
2046
![Page 2047: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2047.jpg)
this
2047
![Page 2048: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2048.jpg)
case,
2048
![Page 2049: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2049.jpg)
the
2049
![Page 2050: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2050.jpg)
cen-
2050
![Page 2051: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2051.jpg)
ter
2051
![Page 2052: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2052.jpg)
of
2052
![Page 2053: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2053.jpg)
mass
2053
![Page 2054: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2054.jpg)
mo-
2054
![Page 2055: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2055.jpg)
tion
2055
![Page 2056: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2056.jpg)
mode
2056
![Page 2057: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2057.jpg)
re-
2057
![Page 2058: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2058.jpg)
mains
2058
![Page 2059: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2059.jpg)
at
2059
![Page 2060: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2060.jpg)
ωp
2060
![Page 2061: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2061.jpg)
and
2061
![Page 2062: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2062.jpg)
all
2062
![Page 2063: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2063.jpg)
higher
2063
![Page 2064: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2064.jpg)
modes
2064
![Page 2065: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2065.jpg)
are
2065
![Page 2066: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2066.jpg)
pushed
2066
![Page 2067: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2067.jpg)
up
2067
![Page 2068: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2068.jpg)
to
2068
![Page 2069: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2069.jpg)
a
2069
![Page 2070: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2070.jpg)
fre-
2070
![Page 2071: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2071.jpg)
quency
2071
![Page 2072: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2072.jpg)
ωp
√
1 +NK2/ cos θ(0).
2072
![Page 2073: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2073.jpg)
The
2073
![Page 2074: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2074.jpg)
num-
2074
![Page 2075: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2075.jpg)
ber
2075
![Page 2076: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2076.jpg)
of
2076
![Page 2077: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2077.jpg)
junc-
2077
![Page 2078: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2078.jpg)
tions
2078
![Page 2079: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2079.jpg)
re-
2079
![Page 2080: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2080.jpg)
quired
2080
![Page 2081: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2081.jpg)
is
2081
![Page 2082: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2082.jpg)
on
2082
![Page 2083: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2083.jpg)
the
2083
![Page 2084: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2084.jpg)
or-
2084
![Page 2085: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2085.jpg)
der
2085
![Page 2086: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2086.jpg)
N2/2.
2086
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In
2087
![Page 2088: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2088.jpg)
the
2088
![Page 2089: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2089.jpg)
above,
2089
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we
2090
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take
2091
![Page 2092: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2092.jpg)
ad-
2092
![Page 2093: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2093.jpg)
van-
2093
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tage
2094
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of
2095
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the
2096
![Page 2097: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2097.jpg)
macro-
2097
![Page 2098: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2098.jpg)
scopic
2098
![Page 2099: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2099.jpg)
quan-
2099
![Page 2100: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2100.jpg)
tum
2100
![Page 2101: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2101.jpg)
be-
2101
![Page 2102: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2102.jpg)
hav-
2102
![Page 2103: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2103.jpg)
ior
2103
![Page 2104: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2104.jpg)
of
2104
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the
2105
![Page 2106: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2106.jpg)
Joseph-
2106
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son
2107
![Page 2108: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2108.jpg)
junc-
2108
![Page 2109: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2109.jpg)
tion
2109
![Page 2110: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2110.jpg)
phases
2110
![Page 2111: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2111.jpg)
to
2111
![Page 2112: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2112.jpg)
con-
2112
![Page 2113: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2113.jpg)
struct
2113
![Page 2114: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2114.jpg)
an
2114
![Page 2115: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2115.jpg)
anal-
2115
![Page 2116: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2116.jpg)
ogy
2116
![Page 2117: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2117.jpg)
of
2117
![Page 2118: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2118.jpg)
the
2118
![Page 2119: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2119.jpg)
ion
2119
![Page 2120: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2120.jpg)
trap
2120
![Page 2121: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2121.jpg)
quan-
2121
![Page 2122: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2122.jpg)
tum
2122
![Page 2123: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2123.jpg)
com-
2123
![Page 2124: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2124.jpg)
puter.
2124
![Page 2125: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2125.jpg)
We
2125
![Page 2126: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2126.jpg)
can
2126
![Page 2127: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2127.jpg)
push
2127
![Page 2128: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2128.jpg)
this
2128
![Page 2129: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2129.jpg)
con-
2129
![Page 2130: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2130.jpg)
cept
2130
![Page 2131: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2131.jpg)
fur-
2131
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ther
2132
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and
2133
![Page 2134: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2134.jpg)
con-
2134
![Page 2135: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2135.jpg)
sider
2135
![Page 2136: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2136.jpg)
us-
2136
![Page 2137: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2137.jpg)
ing
2137
![Page 2138: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2138.jpg)
Joseph-
2138
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son
2139
![Page 2140: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2140.jpg)
junc-
2140
![Page 2141: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2141.jpg)
tion
2141
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ar-
2142
![Page 2143: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2143.jpg)
rays
2143
![Page 2144: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2144.jpg)
to
2144
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sim-
2145
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u-
2146
![Page 2147: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2147.jpg)
late
2147
![Page 2148: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2148.jpg)
the
2148
![Page 2149: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2149.jpg)
dy-
2149
![Page 2150: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2150.jpg)
nam-
2150
![Page 2151: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2151.jpg)
ics
2151
![Page 2152: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2152.jpg)
of
2152
![Page 2153: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2153.jpg)
phys-
2153
![Page 2154: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2154.jpg)
i-
2154
![Page 2155: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2155.jpg)
cal
2155
![Page 2156: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2156.jpg)
sys-
2156
![Page 2157: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2157.jpg)
tems.
2157
![Page 2158: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2158.jpg)
Con-
2158
![Page 2159: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2159.jpg)
sider
2159
![Page 2160: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2160.jpg)
a
2160
![Page 2161: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2161.jpg)
1d
2161
![Page 2162: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2162.jpg)
ar-
2162
![Page 2163: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2163.jpg)
ray
2163
![Page 2164: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2164.jpg)
of
2164
![Page 2165: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2165.jpg)
qubits.
2165
![Page 2166: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2166.jpg)
In
2166
![Page 2167: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2167.jpg)
the
2167
![Page 2168: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2168.jpg)
spin
2168
![Page 2169: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2169.jpg)
1/2
2169
![Page 2170: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2170.jpg)
rep-
2170
![Page 2171: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2171.jpg)
re-
2171
![Page 2172: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2172.jpg)
sen-
2172
![Page 2173: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2173.jpg)
ta-
2173
![Page 2174: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2174.jpg)
tion,
2174
![Page 2175: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2175.jpg)
the
2175
![Page 2176: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2176.jpg)
dy-
2176
![Page 2177: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2177.jpg)
nam-
2177
![Page 2178: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2178.jpg)
ics
2178
![Page 2179: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2179.jpg)
of
2179
![Page 2180: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2180.jpg)
the
2180
![Page 2181: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2181.jpg)
qubits
2181
![Page 2182: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2182.jpg)
are
2182
![Page 2183: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2183.jpg)
de-
2183
![Page 2184: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2184.jpg)
scribed
2184
![Page 2185: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2185.jpg)
by
2185
![Page 2186: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2186.jpg)
the
2186
![Page 2187: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2187.jpg)
spin
2187
![Page 2188: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2188.jpg)
op-
2188
![Page 2189: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2189.jpg)
er-
2189
![Page 2190: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2190.jpg)
a-
2190
![Page 2191: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2191.jpg)
tors
2191
![Page 2192: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2192.jpg)
Sxi ,
2192
![Page 2193: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2193.jpg)
Syi
2193
![Page 2194: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2194.jpg)
and
2194
![Page 2195: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2195.jpg)
Szi
2195
![Page 2196: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2196.jpg)
whose
2196
![Page 2197: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2197.jpg)
com-
2197
![Page 2198: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2198.jpg)
mu-
2198
![Page 2199: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2199.jpg)
ta-
2199
![Page 2200: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2200.jpg)
tion
2200
![Page 2201: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2201.jpg)
re-
2201
![Page 2202: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2202.jpg)
la-
2202
![Page 2203: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2203.jpg)
tions
2203
![Page 2204: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2204.jpg)
are
2204
![Page 2205: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2205.jpg)
de-
2205
![Page 2206: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2206.jpg)
fined
2206
![Page 2207: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2207.jpg)
by
2207
![Page 2208: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2208.jpg)
[Sαi , S
βj ] =
2208
![Page 2209: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2209.jpg)
(i/2)δijǫαβγSγi
2209
![Page 2210: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2210.jpg)
for
2210
![Page 2211: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2211.jpg)
α, β, γ =
2211
![Page 2212: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2212.jpg)
x, y, z
2212
![Page 2213: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2213.jpg)
and
2213
![Page 2214: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2214.jpg)
i, j =
2214
![Page 2215: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2215.jpg)
0, 1, ..., N−
2215
![Page 2216: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2216.jpg)
1.
2216
![Page 2217: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2217.jpg)
By
2217
![Page 2218: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2218.jpg)
us-
2218
![Page 2219: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2219.jpg)
ing
2219
![Page 2220: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2220.jpg)
a
2220
![Page 2221: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2221.jpg)
Jordan-
2221
![Page 2222: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2222.jpg)
Wigner
2222
![Page 2223: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2223.jpg)
trans-
2223
![Page 2224: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2224.jpg)
for-
2224
![Page 2225: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2225.jpg)
ma-
2225
![Page 2226: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2226.jpg)
tion
2226
![Page 2227: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2227.jpg)
[27],
2227
![Page 2228: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2228.jpg)
we
2228
![Page 2229: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2229.jpg)
can
2229
![Page 2230: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2230.jpg)
map
2230
![Page 2231: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2231.jpg)
this
2231
![Page 2232: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2232.jpg)
qubit
2232
![Page 2233: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2233.jpg)
ar-
2233
![Page 2234: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2234.jpg)
ray
2234
![Page 2235: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2235.jpg)
to
2235
![Page 2236: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2236.jpg)
a
2236
![Page 2237: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2237.jpg)
col-
2237
![Page 2238: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2238.jpg)
lec-
2238
![Page 2239: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2239.jpg)
tion
2239
![Page 2240: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2240.jpg)
of
2240
![Page 2241: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2241.jpg)
spin-
2241
![Page 2242: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2242.jpg)
less
2242
![Page 2243: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2243.jpg)
fermions
2243
![Page 2244: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2244.jpg)
an-
2244
![Page 2245: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2245.jpg)
ni-
2245
![Page 2246: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2246.jpg)
hi-
2246
![Page 2247: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2247.jpg)
lated
2247
![Page 2248: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2248.jpg)
by
2248
![Page 2249: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2249.jpg)
the
2249
![Page 2250: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2250.jpg)
op-
2250
![Page 2251: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2251.jpg)
er-
2251
![Page 2252: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2252.jpg)
a-
2252
![Page 2253: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2253.jpg)
tors
2253
![Page 2254: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2254.jpg)
fn = S−n K(n), (3)
2254
![Page 2255: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2255.jpg)
where
2255
![Page 2256: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2256.jpg)
S±n =
2256
![Page 2257: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2257.jpg)
Sxn±
2257
![Page 2258: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2258.jpg)
iSyn
2258
![Page 2259: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2259.jpg)
and
2259
![Page 2260: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2260.jpg)
K(n)
2260
![Page 2261: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2261.jpg)
is
2261
![Page 2262: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2262.jpg)
a
2262
![Page 2263: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2263.jpg)
non-
2263
![Page 2264: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2264.jpg)
lo-
2264
![Page 2265: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2265.jpg)
cal
2265
![Page 2266: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2266.jpg)
op-
2266
![Page 2267: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2267.jpg)
er-
2267
![Page 2268: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2268.jpg)
a-
2268
![Page 2269: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2269.jpg)
tor
2269
![Page 2270: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2270.jpg)
de-
2270
![Page 2271: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2271.jpg)
fined
2271
![Page 2272: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2272.jpg)
by
2272
![Page 2273: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2273.jpg)
K(n) =
2273
![Page 2274: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2274.jpg)
exp[iπ∑n−1
m=0 f+mfm] =
2274
![Page 2275: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2275.jpg)
exp[iπ∑n−1
m=0(Szm+
2275
![Page 2276: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2276.jpg)
1/2)].
2276
![Page 2277: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2277.jpg)
It
2277
![Page 2278: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2278.jpg)
can
2278
![Page 2279: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2279.jpg)
be
2279
![Page 2280: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2280.jpg)
ver-
2280
![Page 2281: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2281.jpg)
i-
2281
![Page 2282: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2282.jpg)
fied
2282
![Page 2283: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2283.jpg)
that
2283
![Page 2284: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2284.jpg)
fn’s
2284
![Page 2285: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2285.jpg)
sat-
2285
![Page 2286: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2286.jpg)
isfy
2286
![Page 2287: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2287.jpg)
the
2287
![Page 2288: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2288.jpg)
anti-
2288
![Page 2289: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2289.jpg)
commutation
2289
![Page 2290: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2290.jpg)
re-
2290
![Page 2291: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2291.jpg)
la-
2291
![Page 2292: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2292.jpg)
tions
2292
![Page 2293: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2293.jpg)
re-
2293
![Page 2294: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2294.jpg)
quired
2294
![Page 2295: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2295.jpg)
for
2295
![Page 2296: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2296.jpg)
fermion
2296
![Page 2297: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2297.jpg)
op-
2297
![Page 2298: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2298.jpg)
er-
2298
![Page 2299: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2299.jpg)
a-
2299
![Page 2300: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2300.jpg)
tors.
2300
![Page 2301: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2301.jpg)
The
2301
![Page 2302: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2302.jpg)
fermion
2302
![Page 2303: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2303.jpg)
num-
2303
![Page 2304: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2304.jpg)
ber
2304
![Page 2305: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2305.jpg)
op-
2305
![Page 2306: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2306.jpg)
er-
2306
![Page 2307: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2307.jpg)
a-
2307
![Page 2308: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2308.jpg)
tor
2308
![Page 2309: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2309.jpg)
is
2309
![Page 2310: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2310.jpg)
sim-
2310
![Page 2311: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2311.jpg)
ply
2311
![Page 2312: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2312.jpg)
f †nfn =
2312
![Page 2313: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2313.jpg)
Szn+
2313
![Page 2314: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2314.jpg)
1/2.
2314
![Page 2315: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2315.jpg)
Now,
2315
![Page 2316: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2316.jpg)
if
2316
![Page 2317: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2317.jpg)
we
2317
![Page 2318: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2318.jpg)
cou-
2318
![Page 2319: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2319.jpg)
ple
2319
![Page 2320: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2320.jpg)
the
2320
![Page 2321: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2321.jpg)
qubits
2321
![Page 2322: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2322.jpg)
by
2322
![Page 2323: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2323.jpg)
near-
2323
![Page 2324: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2324.jpg)
est
2324
![Page 2325: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2325.jpg)
neigh-
2325
![Page 2326: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2326.jpg)
bor
2326
![Page 2327: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2327.jpg)
XXZ
2327
![Page 2328: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2328.jpg)
in-
2328
![Page 2329: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2329.jpg)
ter-
2329
![Page 2330: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2330.jpg)
ac-
2330
![Page 2331: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2331.jpg)
tions,
2331
![Page 2332: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2332.jpg)
the
2332
![Page 2333: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2333.jpg)
Hamil-
2333
![Page 2334: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2334.jpg)
to-
2334
![Page 2335: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2335.jpg)
nian
2335
![Page 2336: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2336.jpg)
of
2336
![Page 2337: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2337.jpg)
the
2337
![Page 2338: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2338.jpg)
sys-
2338
![Page 2339: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2339.jpg)
tem
2339
![Page 2340: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2340.jpg)
is
2340
![Page 2341: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2341.jpg)
H =
2341
![Page 2342: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2342.jpg)
−Jxy∑
i(Sxi S
xi+1+
2342
![Page 2343: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2343.jpg)
Syi S
yi+1)+
2343
![Page 2344: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2344.jpg)
Jz∑
i Szi S
zi+1.
2344
![Page 2345: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2345.jpg)
Un-
2345
![Page 2346: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2346.jpg)
der
2346
![Page 2347: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2347.jpg)
the
2347
![Page 2348: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2348.jpg)
Jordan-
2348
![Page 2349: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2349.jpg)
Wigner
2349
![Page 2350: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2350.jpg)
trans-
2350
![Page 2351: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2351.jpg)
for-
2351
![Page 2352: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2352.jpg)
ma-
2352
![Page 2353: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2353.jpg)
tion,
2353
![Page 2354: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2354.jpg)
the
2354
![Page 2355: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2355.jpg)
sys-
2355
![Page 2356: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2356.jpg)
tem
2356
![Page 2357: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2357.jpg)
Hamil-
2357
![Page 2358: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2358.jpg)
to-
2358
![Page 2359: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2359.jpg)
nian
2359
![Page 2360: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2360.jpg)
is
2360
![Page 2361: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2361.jpg)
trans-
2361
![Page 2362: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2362.jpg)
formed
2362
![Page 2363: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2363.jpg)
to
2363
![Page 2364: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2364.jpg)
H = −(Jxy/2)∑
n
(f †nfn+1 + f †
n+1fn) + Jz
∑
n
(f †nfn − 1/2)(f †
n+1fn+1 − 1/2).(4)
2364
![Page 2365: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2365.jpg)
As
2365
![Page 2366: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2366.jpg)
can
2366
![Page 2367: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2367.jpg)
be
2367
![Page 2368: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2368.jpg)
seen
2368
![Page 2369: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2369.jpg)
the
2369
![Page 2370: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2370.jpg)
cou-
2370
![Page 2371: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2371.jpg)
pling
2371
![Page 2372: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2372.jpg)
in
2372
![Page 2373: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2373.jpg)
the
2373
![Page 2374: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2374.jpg)
XY
2374
![Page 2375: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2375.jpg)
di-
2375
![Page 2376: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2376.jpg)
rec-
2376
![Page 2377: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2377.jpg)
tions
2377
![Page 2378: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2378.jpg)
trans-
2378
![Page 2379: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2379.jpg)
forms
2379
![Page 2380: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2380.jpg)
into
2380
![Page 2381: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2381.jpg)
hop-
2381
![Page 2382: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2382.jpg)
ing
2382
![Page 2383: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2383.jpg)
of
2383
![Page 2384: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2384.jpg)
the
2384
![Page 2385: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2385.jpg)
fermions
2385
![Page 2386: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2386.jpg)
be-
2386
![Page 2387: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2387.jpg)
tween
2387
![Page 2388: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2388.jpg)
neigh-
2388
![Page 2389: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2389.jpg)
bor-
2389
![Page 2390: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2390.jpg)
ing
2390
![Page 2391: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2391.jpg)
sites
2391
![Page 2392: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2392.jpg)
and
2392
![Page 2393: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2393.jpg)
the
2393
![Page 2394: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2394.jpg)
Ising
2394
![Page 2395: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2395.jpg)
cou-
2395
![Page 2396: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2396.jpg)
pling
2396
![Page 2397: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2397.jpg)
causes
2397
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near-
2398
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est
2399
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neigh-
2400
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bor
2401
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in-
2402
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ter-
2403
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ac-
2404
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tions
2405
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be-
2406
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tween
2407
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the
2408
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fermions.
2409
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M’ M’
M M
M’
. . . . . . . . . .
Fig. 2.A1drf-SQUIDqubitar-rayin-duc-tivelycou-pledtolo-calJoseph-sonjunc-tionos-cil-la-tors.Thedc-SQUIDsofthequbitsarein-duc-tivelycou-pledtoo.BothM
andM
′
aretun-ablecou-plings[24,28,29].Thequbitsarear-rangedinaringstruc-turewhenpe-ri-odicbound-arycon-di-tionsarere-quired.
An
2410
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in-
2411
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ter-
2412
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est-
2413
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ing
2414
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sce-
2415
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nario
2416
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arises
2417
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when
2418
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we
2419
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cou-
2420
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ple
2421
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a
2422
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su-
2423
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per-
2424
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con-
2425
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duct-
2426
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ing
2427
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qubit
2428
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ar-
2429
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ray
2430
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and
2431
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“phonon
2432
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modes”
2433
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re-
2434
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al-
2435
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ized
2436
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by
2437
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small
2438
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os-
2439
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cil-
2440
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la-
2441
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tions
2442
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of
2443
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Joseph-
2444
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son
2445
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junc-
2446
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tion
2447
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phases,
2448
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as
2449
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shown
2450
![Page 2451: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2451.jpg)
in
2451
![Page 2452: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2452.jpg)
Fig.
2452
![Page 2453: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2453.jpg)
2.
2453
![Page 2454: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2454.jpg)
Since
2454
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the
2455
![Page 2456: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2456.jpg)
qubit
2456
![Page 2457: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2457.jpg)
ar-
2457
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ray
2458
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can
2459
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be
2460
![Page 2461: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2461.jpg)
trans-
2461
![Page 2462: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2462.jpg)
formed
2462
![Page 2463: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2463.jpg)
into
2463
![Page 2464: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2464.jpg)
a
2464
![Page 2465: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2465.jpg)
fermion
2465
![Page 2466: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2466.jpg)
sys-
2466
![Page 2467: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2467.jpg)
tem,
2467
![Page 2468: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2468.jpg)
this
2468
![Page 2469: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2469.jpg)
al-
2469
![Page 2470: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2470.jpg)
lows
2470
![Page 2471: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2471.jpg)
us
2471
![Page 2472: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2472.jpg)
to
2472
![Page 2473: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2473.jpg)
sim-
2473
![Page 2474: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2474.jpg)
u-
2474
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late
2475
![Page 2476: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2476.jpg)
a
2476
![Page 2477: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2477.jpg)
fam-
2477
![Page 2478: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2478.jpg)
ily
2478
![Page 2479: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2479.jpg)
of
2479
![Page 2480: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2480.jpg)
solid
2480
![Page 2481: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2481.jpg)
state
2481
![Page 2482: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2482.jpg)
prob-
2482
![Page 2483: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2483.jpg)
lems
2483
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con-
2484
![Page 2485: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2485.jpg)
cern-
2485
![Page 2486: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2486.jpg)
ing
2486
![Page 2487: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2487.jpg)
spin-
2487
![Page 2488: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2488.jpg)
less
2488
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electron-
2489
![Page 2490: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2490.jpg)
phonon
2490
![Page 2491: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2491.jpg)
and
2491
![Page 2492: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2492.jpg)
electron-
2492
![Page 2493: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2493.jpg)
electron
2493
![Page 2494: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2494.jpg)
in-
2494
![Page 2495: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2495.jpg)
ter-
2495
![Page 2496: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2496.jpg)
ac-
2496
![Page 2497: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2497.jpg)
tions.
2497
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The
2498
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macro-
2499
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scopic
2500
![Page 2501: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2501.jpg)
na-
2501
![Page 2502: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2502.jpg)
ture
2502
![Page 2503: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2503.jpg)
of
2503
![Page 2504: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2504.jpg)
the
2504
![Page 2505: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2505.jpg)
sys-
2505
![Page 2506: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2506.jpg)
tem
2506
![Page 2507: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2507.jpg)
and
2507
![Page 2508: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2508.jpg)
the
2508
![Page 2509: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2509.jpg)
fine
2509
![Page 2510: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2510.jpg)
con-
2510
![Page 2511: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2511.jpg)
trol
2511
![Page 2512: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2512.jpg)
and
2512
![Page 2513: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2513.jpg)
mea-
2513
![Page 2514: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2514.jpg)
sure-
2514
![Page 2515: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2515.jpg)
ment
2515
![Page 2516: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2516.jpg)
tech-
2516
![Page 2517: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2517.jpg)
niques
2517
![Page 2518: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2518.jpg)
de-
2518
![Page 2519: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2519.jpg)
vel-
2519
![Page 2520: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2520.jpg)
oped
2520
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in
2521
![Page 2522: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2522.jpg)
su-
2522
![Page 2523: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2523.jpg)
per-
2523
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con-
2524
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duct-
2525
![Page 2526: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2526.jpg)
ing
2526
![Page 2527: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2527.jpg)
quan-
2527
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tum
2528
![Page 2529: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2529.jpg)
in-
2529
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for-
2530
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ma-
2531
![Page 2532: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2532.jpg)
tion
2532
![Page 2533: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2533.jpg)
pro-
2533
![Page 2534: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2534.jpg)
cess-
2534
![Page 2535: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2535.jpg)
ing
2535
![Page 2536: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2536.jpg)
al-
2536
![Page 2537: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2537.jpg)
low
2537
![Page 2538: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2538.jpg)
us
2538
![Page 2539: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2539.jpg)
to
2539
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ex-
2540
![Page 2541: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2541.jpg)
am-
2541
![Page 2542: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2542.jpg)
ine
2542
![Page 2543: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2543.jpg)
the
2543
![Page 2544: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2544.jpg)
fermion
2544
![Page 2545: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2545.jpg)
dy-
2545
![Page 2546: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2546.jpg)
nam-
2546
![Page 2547: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2547.jpg)
ics
2547
![Page 2548: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2548.jpg)
di-
2548
![Page 2549: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2549.jpg)
rectly
2549
![Page 2550: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2550.jpg)
and
2550
![Page 2551: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2551.jpg)
closely
2551
![Page 2552: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2552.jpg)
to
2552
![Page 2553: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2553.jpg)
ob-
2553
![Page 2554: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2554.jpg)
tain
2554
![Page 2555: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2555.jpg)
vi-
2555
![Page 2556: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2556.jpg)
tal
2556
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in-
2557
![Page 2558: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2558.jpg)
for-
2558
![Page 2559: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2559.jpg)
ma-
2559
![Page 2560: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2560.jpg)
tion
2560
![Page 2561: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2561.jpg)
about
2561
![Page 2562: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2562.jpg)
the
2562
![Page 2563: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2563.jpg)
sys-
2563
![Page 2564: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2564.jpg)
tem.
2564
![Page 2565: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2565.jpg)
For
2565
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this
2566
![Page 2567: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2567.jpg)
pur-
2567
![Page 2568: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2568.jpg)
pose,
2568
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we
2569
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need
2570
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to
2571
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be
2572
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care-
2573
![Page 2574: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2574.jpg)
ful
2574
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with
2575
![Page 2576: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2576.jpg)
a
2576
![Page 2577: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2577.jpg)
few
2577
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is-
2578
![Page 2579: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2579.jpg)
sues.
2579
![Page 2580: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2580.jpg)
The
2580
![Page 2581: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2581.jpg)
first
2581
![Page 2582: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2582.jpg)
is
2582
![Page 2583: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2583.jpg)
that
2583
![Page 2584: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2584.jpg)
in
2584
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a
2585
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phys-
2586
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i-
2587
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cal
2588
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sys-
2589
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tem
2590
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the
2591
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elec-
2592
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tron
2593
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num-
2594
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ber
2595
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is
2596
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con-
2597
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served;
2598
![Page 2599: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2599.jpg)
how-
2599
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ever
2600
![Page 2601: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2601.jpg)
a
2601
![Page 2602: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2602.jpg)
Bxσx
2602
![Page 2603: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2603.jpg)
term
2603
![Page 2604: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2604.jpg)
of
2604
![Page 2605: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2605.jpg)
the
2605
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qubit
2606
![Page 2607: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2607.jpg)
can
2607
![Page 2608: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2608.jpg)
flip
2608
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its
2609
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ba-
2610
![Page 2611: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2611.jpg)
sis
2611
![Page 2612: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2612.jpg)
states
2612
![Page 2613: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2613.jpg)
de-
2613
![Page 2614: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2614.jpg)
fined
2614
![Page 2615: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2615.jpg)
by
2615
![Page 2616: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2616.jpg)
the
2616
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eigen-
2617
![Page 2618: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2618.jpg)
states
2618
![Page 2619: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2619.jpg)
of
2619
![Page 2620: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2620.jpg)
σz.
2620
![Page 2621: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2621.jpg)
Ac-
2621
![Page 2622: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2622.jpg)
cord-
2622
![Page 2623: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2623.jpg)
ing
2623
![Page 2624: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2624.jpg)
to
2624
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the
2625
![Page 2626: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2626.jpg)
Jordan-
2626
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Wigner
2627
![Page 2628: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2628.jpg)
trans-
2628
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for-
2629
![Page 2630: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2630.jpg)
ma-
2630
![Page 2631: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2631.jpg)
tion
2631
![Page 2632: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2632.jpg)
Eq.
2632
![Page 2633: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2633.jpg)
(3)
2633
![Page 2634: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2634.jpg)
the
2634
![Page 2635: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2635.jpg)
flip-
2635
![Page 2636: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2636.jpg)
ping
2636
![Page 2637: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2637.jpg)
of
2637
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the
2638
![Page 2639: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2639.jpg)
qubit
2639
![Page 2640: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2640.jpg)
state
2640
![Page 2641: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2641.jpg)
cor-
2641
![Page 2642: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2642.jpg)
re-
2642
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sponds
2643
![Page 2644: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2644.jpg)
to
2644
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the
2645
![Page 2646: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2646.jpg)
cre-
2646
![Page 2647: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2647.jpg)
ation
2647
![Page 2648: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2648.jpg)
or
2648
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an-
2649
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ni-
2650
![Page 2651: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2651.jpg)
hi-
2651
![Page 2652: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2652.jpg)
la-
2652
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tion
2653
![Page 2654: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2654.jpg)
of
2654
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a
2655
![Page 2656: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2656.jpg)
fermion.
2656
![Page 2657: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2657.jpg)
There-
2657
![Page 2658: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2658.jpg)
fore,
2658
![Page 2659: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2659.jpg)
we
2659
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must
2660
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keep
2661
![Page 2662: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2662.jpg)
Bx
2662
![Page 2663: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2663.jpg)
of
2663
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the
2664
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qubits
2665
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zero.
2666
![Page 2667: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2667.jpg)
This
2667
![Page 2668: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2668.jpg)
is
2668
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re-
2669
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al-
2670
![Page 2671: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2671.jpg)
ized
2671
![Page 2672: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2672.jpg)
by
2672
![Page 2673: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2673.jpg)
us-
2673
![Page 2674: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2674.jpg)
ing
2674
![Page 2675: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2675.jpg)
small
2675
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self-
2676
![Page 2677: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2677.jpg)
inductance
2677
![Page 2678: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2678.jpg)
dc-
2678
![Page 2679: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2679.jpg)
SQUIDs
2679
![Page 2680: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2680.jpg)
for
2680
![Page 2681: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2681.jpg)
the
2681
![Page 2682: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2682.jpg)
qubits
2682
![Page 2683: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2683.jpg)
and
2683
![Page 2684: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2684.jpg)
bi-
2684
![Page 2685: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2685.jpg)
as-
2685
![Page 2686: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2686.jpg)
ing
2686
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them
2687
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ap-
2688
![Page 2689: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2689.jpg)
pro-
2689
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pri-
2690
![Page 2691: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2691.jpg)
ately
2691
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so
2692
![Page 2693: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2693.jpg)
that
2693
![Page 2694: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2694.jpg)
the
2694
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Bx
2695
![Page 2696: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2696.jpg)
field
2696
![Page 2697: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2697.jpg)
of
2697
![Page 2698: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2698.jpg)
the
2698
![Page 2699: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2699.jpg)
qubit
2699
![Page 2700: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2700.jpg)
is
2700
![Page 2701: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2701.jpg)
much
2701
![Page 2702: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2702.jpg)
smaller
2702
![Page 2703: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2703.jpg)
[15]
2703
![Page 2704: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2704.jpg)
than
2704
![Page 2705: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2705.jpg)
other
2705
![Page 2706: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2706.jpg)
en-
2706
![Page 2707: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2707.jpg)
ergy
2707
![Page 2708: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2708.jpg)
scales
2708
![Page 2709: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2709.jpg)
of
2709
![Page 2710: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2710.jpg)
the
2710
![Page 2711: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2711.jpg)
sys-
2711
![Page 2712: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2712.jpg)
tem
2712
![Page 2713: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2713.jpg)
and
2713
![Page 2714: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2714.jpg)
thus
2714
![Page 2715: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2715.jpg)
can
2715
![Page 2716: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2716.jpg)
be
2716
![Page 2717: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2717.jpg)
ne-
2717
![Page 2718: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2718.jpg)
glected
2718
![Page 2719: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2719.jpg)
for
2719
![Page 2720: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2720.jpg)
the
2720
![Page 2721: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2721.jpg)
time
2721
![Page 2722: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2722.jpg)
scale
2722
![Page 2723: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2723.jpg)
of
2723
![Page 2724: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2724.jpg)
in-
2724
![Page 2725: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2725.jpg)
ter-
2725
![Page 2726: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2726.jpg)
est.
2726
![Page 2727: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2727.jpg)
To
2727
![Page 2728: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2728.jpg)
fur-
2728
![Page 2729: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2729.jpg)
ther
2729
![Page 2730: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2730.jpg)
sup-
2730
![Page 2731: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2731.jpg)
press
2731
![Page 2732: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2732.jpg)
fermion
2732
![Page 2733: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2733.jpg)
cre-
2733
![Page 2734: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2734.jpg)
ation
2734
![Page 2735: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2735.jpg)
and
2735
![Page 2736: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2736.jpg)
an-
2736
![Page 2737: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2737.jpg)
ni-
2737
![Page 2738: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2738.jpg)
hi-
2738
![Page 2739: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2739.jpg)
la-
2739
![Page 2740: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2740.jpg)
tion,
2740
![Page 2741: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2741.jpg)
we
2741
![Page 2742: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2742.jpg)
may
2742
![Page 2743: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2743.jpg)
choose
2743
![Page 2744: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2744.jpg)
Bz
2744
![Page 2745: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2745.jpg)
to
2745
![Page 2746: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2746.jpg)
be
2746
![Page 2747: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2747.jpg)
large,
2747
![Page 2748: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2748.jpg)
which
2748
![Page 2749: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2749.jpg)
makes
2749
![Page 2750: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2750.jpg)
changes
2750
![Page 2751: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2751.jpg)
in
2751
![Page 2752: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2752.jpg)
the
2752
![Page 2753: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2753.jpg)
to-
2753
![Page 2754: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2754.jpg)
tal
2754
![Page 2755: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2755.jpg)
num-
2755
![Page 2756: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2756.jpg)
ber
2756
![Page 2757: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2757.jpg)
of
2757
![Page 2758: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2758.jpg)
fermions
2758
![Page 2759: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2759.jpg)
en-
2759
![Page 2760: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2760.jpg)
er-
2760
![Page 2761: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2761.jpg)
get-
2761
![Page 2762: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2762.jpg)
i-
2762
![Page 2763: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2763.jpg)
cally
2763
![Page 2764: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2764.jpg)
for-
2764
![Page 2765: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2765.jpg)
bid-
2765
![Page 2766: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2766.jpg)
den.
2766
![Page 2767: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2767.jpg)
An-
2767
![Page 2768: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2768.jpg)
other
2768
![Page 2769: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2769.jpg)
point
2769
![Page 2770: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2770.jpg)
is
2770
![Page 2771: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2771.jpg)
that
2771
![Page 2772: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2772.jpg)
the
2772
![Page 2773: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2773.jpg)
cou-
2773
![Page 2774: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2774.jpg)
pling
2774
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be-
2775
![Page 2776: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2776.jpg)
tween
2776
![Page 2777: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2777.jpg)
the
2777
![Page 2778: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2778.jpg)
qubit
2778
![Page 2779: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2779.jpg)
and
2779
![Page 2780: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2780.jpg)
the
2780
![Page 2781: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2781.jpg)
Joseph-
2781
![Page 2782: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2782.jpg)
son
2782
![Page 2783: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2783.jpg)
phase
2783
![Page 2784: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2784.jpg)
should
2784
![Page 2785: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2785.jpg)
not
2785
![Page 2786: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2786.jpg)
al-
2786
![Page 2787: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2787.jpg)
low
2787
![Page 2788: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2788.jpg)
them
2788
![Page 2789: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2789.jpg)
to
2789
![Page 2790: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2790.jpg)
ex-
2790
![Page 2791: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2791.jpg)
change
2791
![Page 2792: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2792.jpg)
ex-
2792
![Page 2793: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2793.jpg)
ci-
2793
![Page 2794: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2794.jpg)
ta-
2794
![Page 2795: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2795.jpg)
tions,
2795
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since
2796
![Page 2797: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2797.jpg)
in
2797
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a
2798
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phys-
2799
![Page 2800: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2800.jpg)
i-
2800
![Page 2801: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2801.jpg)
cal
2801
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sys-
2802
![Page 2803: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2803.jpg)
tem
2803
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no
2804
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pro-
2805
![Page 2806: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2806.jpg)
cess
2806
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hap-
2807
![Page 2808: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2808.jpg)
pens
2808
![Page 2809: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2809.jpg)
in
2809
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which
2810
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an
2811
![Page 2812: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2812.jpg)
elec-
2812
![Page 2813: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2813.jpg)
tron
2813
![Page 2814: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2814.jpg)
is
2814
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cre-
2815
![Page 2816: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2816.jpg)
ated
2816
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(an-
2817
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ni-
2818
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hi-
2819
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lated)
2820
![Page 2821: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2821.jpg)
and
2821
![Page 2822: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2822.jpg)
a
2822
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phonon
2823
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is
2824
![Page 2825: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2825.jpg)
an-
2825
![Page 2826: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2826.jpg)
ni-
2826
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hi-
2827
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lated
2828
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(cre-
2829
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ated).
2830
![Page 2831: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2831.jpg)
In
2831
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the
2832
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fol-
2833
![Page 2834: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2834.jpg)
low-
2834
![Page 2835: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2835.jpg)
ing
2835
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we
2836
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fo-
2837
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cus
2838
![Page 2839: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2839.jpg)
on
2839
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the
2840
![Page 2841: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2841.jpg)
1d
2841
![Page 2842: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2842.jpg)
Hol-
2842
![Page 2843: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2843.jpg)
stein
2843
![Page 2844: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2844.jpg)
model
2844
![Page 2845: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2845.jpg)
of
2845
![Page 2846: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2846.jpg)
spin-
2846
![Page 2847: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2847.jpg)
less
2847
![Page 2848: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2848.jpg)
elec-
2848
![Page 2849: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2849.jpg)
trons,
2849
![Page 2850: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2850.jpg)
a
2850
![Page 2851: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2851.jpg)
prob-
2851
![Page 2852: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2852.jpg)
lem
2852
![Page 2853: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2853.jpg)
of
2853
![Page 2854: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2854.jpg)
both
2854
![Page 2855: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2855.jpg)
the-
2855
![Page 2856: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2856.jpg)
o-
2856
![Page 2857: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2857.jpg)
ret-
2857
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i-
2858
![Page 2859: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2859.jpg)
cal
2859
![Page 2860: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2860.jpg)
and
2860
![Page 2861: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2861.jpg)
prac-
2861
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ti-
2862
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cal
2863
![Page 2864: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2864.jpg)
in-
2864
![Page 2865: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2865.jpg)
ter-
2865
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est
2866
![Page 2867: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2867.jpg)
[30,31].
2867
![Page 2868: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2868.jpg)
The
2868
![Page 2869: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2869.jpg)
Hamil-
2869
![Page 2870: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2870.jpg)
to-
2870
![Page 2871: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2871.jpg)
nian
2871
![Page 2872: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2872.jpg)
of
2872
![Page 2873: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2873.jpg)
the
2873
![Page 2874: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2874.jpg)
sys-
2874
![Page 2875: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2875.jpg)
tem
2875
![Page 2876: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2876.jpg)
is
2876
![Page 2877: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2877.jpg)
H = −t∑
i
(c†ici+1 + c†i+1ci) + ω∑
i
a†iai − g∑
i
(c†ici − 1/2)(ai + a†i ), (5)
2877
![Page 2878: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2878.jpg)
where
2878
![Page 2879: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2879.jpg)
ci
2879
![Page 2880: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2880.jpg)
de-
2880
![Page 2881: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2881.jpg)
stroys
2881
![Page 2882: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2882.jpg)
a
2882
![Page 2883: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2883.jpg)
fermion
2883
![Page 2884: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2884.jpg)
at
2884
![Page 2885: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2885.jpg)
site
2885
![Page 2886: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2886.jpg)
i
2886
![Page 2887: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2887.jpg)
and
2887
![Page 2888: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2888.jpg)
ai
2888
![Page 2889: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2889.jpg)
de-
2889
![Page 2890: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2890.jpg)
stroys
2890
![Page 2891: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2891.jpg)
a
2891
![Page 2892: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2892.jpg)
lo-
2892
![Page 2893: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2893.jpg)
cal
2893
![Page 2894: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2894.jpg)
phonon
2894
![Page 2895: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2895.jpg)
of
2895
![Page 2896: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2896.jpg)
fre-
2896
![Page 2897: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2897.jpg)
quency
2897
![Page 2898: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2898.jpg)
ω.
2898
![Page 2899: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2899.jpg)
This
2899
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sys-
2900
![Page 2901: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2901.jpg)
tem
2901
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at
2902
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half
2903
![Page 2904: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2904.jpg)
fill-
2904
![Page 2905: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2905.jpg)
ing
2905
![Page 2906: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2906.jpg)
has
2906
![Page 2907: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2907.jpg)
two
2907
![Page 2908: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2908.jpg)
phases
2908
![Page 2909: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2909.jpg)
de-
2909
![Page 2910: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2910.jpg)
pend-
2910
![Page 2911: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2911.jpg)
ing
2911
![Page 2912: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2912.jpg)
on
2912
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the
2913
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ra-
2914
![Page 2915: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2915.jpg)
tio
2915
![Page 2916: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2916.jpg)
g/ω.
2916
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When
2917
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g <
2918
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gc,
2919
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the
2920
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ground
2921
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state
2922
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has
2923
![Page 2924: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2924.jpg)
a
2924
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metal-
2925
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lic
2926
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(Lut-
2927
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tinger
2928
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liq-
2929
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uid)
2930
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phase.
2931
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When
2932
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g
2933
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ex-
2934
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ceeds
2935
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gc,
2936
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it
2937
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ex-
2938
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hibits
2939
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an
2940
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in-
2941
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su-
2942
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lat-
2943
![Page 2944: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2944.jpg)
ing
2944
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phase
2945
![Page 2946: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2946.jpg)
with
2946
![Page 2947: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2947.jpg)
charge
2947
![Page 2948: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2948.jpg)
den-
2948
![Page 2949: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2949.jpg)
sity
2949
![Page 2950: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2950.jpg)
wave
2950
![Page 2951: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2951.jpg)
(CDW)
2951
![Page 2952: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2952.jpg)
long
2952
![Page 2953: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2953.jpg)
range
2953
![Page 2954: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2954.jpg)
or-
2954
![Page 2955: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2955.jpg)
der
2955
![Page 2956: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2956.jpg)
[30,31].
2956
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Though
2957
![Page 2958: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2958.jpg)
it
2958
![Page 2959: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2959.jpg)
can
2959
![Page 2960: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2960.jpg)
be
2960
![Page 2961: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2961.jpg)
solved
2961
![Page 2962: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2962.jpg)
an-
2962
![Page 2963: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2963.jpg)
a-
2963
![Page 2964: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2964.jpg)
lyt-
2964
![Page 2965: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2965.jpg)
i-
2965
![Page 2966: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2966.jpg)
cally
2966
![Page 2967: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2967.jpg)
in
2967
![Page 2968: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2968.jpg)
cer-
2968
![Page 2969: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2969.jpg)
tain
2969
![Page 2970: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2970.jpg)
lim-
2970
![Page 2971: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2971.jpg)
its,
2971
![Page 2972: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2972.jpg)
for
2972
![Page 2973: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2973.jpg)
generic
2973
![Page 2974: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2974.jpg)
pa-
2974
![Page 2975: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2975.jpg)
ram-
2975
![Page 2976: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2976.jpg)
e-
2976
![Page 2977: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2977.jpg)
ters
2977
![Page 2978: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2978.jpg)
the
2978
![Page 2979: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2979.jpg)
ac-
2979
![Page 2980: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2980.jpg)
cu-
2980
![Page 2981: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2981.jpg)
rate
2981
![Page 2982: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2982.jpg)
de-
2982
![Page 2983: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2983.jpg)
ter-
2983
![Page 2984: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2984.jpg)
mi-
2984
![Page 2985: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2985.jpg)
na-
2985
![Page 2986: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2986.jpg)
tion
2986
![Page 2987: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2987.jpg)
of
2987
![Page 2988: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2988.jpg)
the
2988
![Page 2989: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2989.jpg)
crit-
2989
![Page 2990: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2990.jpg)
i-
2990
![Page 2991: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2991.jpg)
cal
2991
![Page 2992: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2992.jpg)
cou-
2992
![Page 2993: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2993.jpg)
pling
2993
![Page 2994: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2994.jpg)
strength
2994
![Page 2995: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2995.jpg)
and
2995
![Page 2996: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2996.jpg)
en-
2996
![Page 2997: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2997.jpg)
ergy
2997
![Page 2998: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2998.jpg)
gaps
2998
![Page 2999: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/2999.jpg)
is
2999
![Page 3000: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3000.jpg)
dif-
3000
![Page 3001: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3001.jpg)
fi-
3001
![Page 3002: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3002.jpg)
cult
3002
![Page 3003: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3003.jpg)
and
3003
![Page 3004: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3004.jpg)
only
3004
![Page 3005: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3005.jpg)
lim-
3005
![Page 3006: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3006.jpg)
ited
3006
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size
3007
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sys-
3008
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tems
3009
![Page 3010: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3010.jpg)
at
3010
![Page 3011: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3011.jpg)
half
3011
![Page 3012: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3012.jpg)
fill-
3012
![Page 3013: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3013.jpg)
ing
3013
![Page 3014: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3014.jpg)
have
3014
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been
3015
![Page 3016: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3016.jpg)
stud-
3016
![Page 3017: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3017.jpg)
ied
3017
![Page 3018: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3018.jpg)
nu-
3018
![Page 3019: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3019.jpg)
mer-
3019
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i-
3020
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cally
3021
![Page 3022: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3022.jpg)
[30,31].
3022
![Page 3023: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3023.jpg)
We
3023
![Page 3024: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3024.jpg)
can
3024
![Page 3025: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3025.jpg)
con-
3025
![Page 3026: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3026.jpg)
struct
3026
![Page 3027: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3027.jpg)
an
3027
![Page 3028: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3028.jpg)
ar-
3028
![Page 3029: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3029.jpg)
ti-
3029
![Page 3030: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3030.jpg)
fi-
3030
![Page 3031: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3031.jpg)
cial
3031
![Page 3032: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3032.jpg)
re-
3032
![Page 3033: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3033.jpg)
al-
3033
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iza-
3034
![Page 3035: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3035.jpg)
tion
3035
![Page 3036: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3036.jpg)
of
3036
![Page 3037: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3037.jpg)
the
3037
![Page 3038: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3038.jpg)
1d
3038
![Page 3039: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3039.jpg)
Hol-
3039
![Page 3040: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3040.jpg)
stein
3040
![Page 3041: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3041.jpg)
model
3041
![Page 3042: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3042.jpg)
us-
3042
![Page 3043: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3043.jpg)
ing
3043
![Page 3044: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3044.jpg)
a
3044
![Page 3045: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3045.jpg)
su-
3045
![Page 3046: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3046.jpg)
per-
3046
![Page 3047: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3047.jpg)
con-
3047
![Page 3048: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3048.jpg)
duct-
3048
![Page 3049: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3049.jpg)
ing
3049
![Page 3050: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3050.jpg)
qubit
3050
![Page 3051: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3051.jpg)
ar-
3051
![Page 3052: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3052.jpg)
ray
3052
![Page 3053: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3053.jpg)
and
3053
![Page 3054: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3054.jpg)
lo-
3054
![Page 3055: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3055.jpg)
cal
3055
![Page 3056: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3056.jpg)
os-
3056
![Page 3057: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3057.jpg)
cil-
3057
![Page 3058: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3058.jpg)
la-
3058
![Page 3059: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3059.jpg)
tor
3059
![Page 3060: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3060.jpg)
modes
3060
![Page 3061: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3061.jpg)
re-
3061
![Page 3062: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3062.jpg)
al-
3062
![Page 3063: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3063.jpg)
ized
3063
![Page 3064: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3064.jpg)
by
3064
![Page 3065: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3065.jpg)
Joseph-
3065
![Page 3066: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3066.jpg)
son
3066
![Page 3067: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3067.jpg)
junc-
3067
![Page 3068: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3068.jpg)
tions,
3068
![Page 3069: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3069.jpg)
as
3069
![Page 3070: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3070.jpg)
shown
3070
![Page 3071: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3071.jpg)
in
3071
![Page 3072: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3072.jpg)
Fig.
3072
![Page 3073: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3073.jpg)
2.
3073
![Page 3074: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3074.jpg)
For
3074
![Page 3075: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3075.jpg)
clar-
3075
![Page 3076: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3076.jpg)
ity,
3076
![Page 3077: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3077.jpg)
rf-
3077
![Page 3078: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3078.jpg)
SQUID
3078
![Page 3079: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3079.jpg)
qubits
3079
![Page 3080: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3080.jpg)
are
3080
![Page 3081: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3081.jpg)
shown,
3081
![Page 3082: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3082.jpg)
whose
3082
![Page 3083: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3083.jpg)
dc-
3083
![Page 3084: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3084.jpg)
SQUIDs
3084
![Page 3085: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3085.jpg)
are
3085
![Page 3086: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3086.jpg)
cou-
3086
![Page 3087: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3087.jpg)
pled
3087
![Page 3088: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3088.jpg)
by
3088
![Page 3089: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3089.jpg)
a
3089
![Page 3090: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3090.jpg)
tun-
3090
![Page 3091: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3091.jpg)
able
3091
![Page 3092: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3092.jpg)
mu-
3092
![Page 3093: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3093.jpg)
tual
3093
![Page 3094: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3094.jpg)
in-
3094
![Page 3095: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3095.jpg)
duc-
3095
![Page 3096: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3096.jpg)
tance.
3096
![Page 3097: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3097.jpg)
The
3097
![Page 3098: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3098.jpg)
tun-
3098
![Page 3099: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3099.jpg)
able
3099
![Page 3100: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3100.jpg)
mu-
3100
![Page 3101: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3101.jpg)
tual
3101
![Page 3102: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3102.jpg)
in-
3102
![Page 3103: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3103.jpg)
duc-
3103
![Page 3104: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3104.jpg)
tances
3104
![Page 3105: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3105.jpg)
can
3105
![Page 3106: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3106.jpg)
be
3106
![Page 3107: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3107.jpg)
re-
3107
![Page 3108: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3108.jpg)
al-
3108
![Page 3109: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3109.jpg)
ized
3109
![Page 3110: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3110.jpg)
by
3110
![Page 3111: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3111.jpg)
us-
3111
![Page 3112: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3112.jpg)
ing
3112
![Page 3113: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3113.jpg)
a
3113
![Page 3114: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3114.jpg)
flux
3114
![Page 3115: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3115.jpg)
trans-
3115
![Page 3116: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3116.jpg)
former
3116
![Page 3117: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3117.jpg)
in-
3117
![Page 3118: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3118.jpg)
ter-
3118
![Page 3119: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3119.jpg)
rupted
3119
![Page 3120: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3120.jpg)
by
3120
![Page 3121: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3121.jpg)
a
3121
![Page 3122: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3122.jpg)
dc-
3122
![Page 3123: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3123.jpg)
SQUID
3123
![Page 3124: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3124.jpg)
whose
3124
![Page 3125: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3125.jpg)
crit-
3125
![Page 3126: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3126.jpg)
i-
3126
![Page 3127: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3127.jpg)
cal
3127
![Page 3128: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3128.jpg)
cur-
3128
![Page 3129: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3129.jpg)
rent
3129
![Page 3130: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3130.jpg)
can
3130
![Page 3131: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3131.jpg)
be
3131
![Page 3132: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3132.jpg)
tuned
3132
![Page 3133: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3133.jpg)
by
3133
![Page 3134: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3134.jpg)
a
3134
![Page 3135: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3135.jpg)
flux
3135
![Page 3136: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3136.jpg)
bias,
3136
![Page 3137: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3137.jpg)
as
3137
![Page 3138: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3138.jpg)
dis-
3138
![Page 3139: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3139.jpg)
cussed
3139
![Page 3140: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3140.jpg)
in
3140
![Page 3141: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3141.jpg)
[24,28,29].
3141
![Page 3142: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3142.jpg)
As
3142
![Page 3143: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3143.jpg)
a
3143
![Page 3144: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3144.jpg)
re-
3144
![Page 3145: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3145.jpg)
sult
3145
![Page 3146: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3146.jpg)
of
3146
![Page 3147: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3147.jpg)
this
3147
![Page 3148: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3148.jpg)
inter-
3148
![Page 3149: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3149.jpg)
qubit
3149
![Page 3150: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3150.jpg)
cou-
3150
![Page 3151: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3151.jpg)
pling
3151
![Page 3152: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3152.jpg)
and
3152
![Page 3153: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3153.jpg)
the
3153
![Page 3154: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3154.jpg)
qubit
3154
![Page 3155: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3155.jpg)
bias,
3155
![Page 3156: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3156.jpg)
the
3156
![Page 3157: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3157.jpg)
qubit
3157
![Page 3158: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3158.jpg)
ar-
3158
![Page 3159: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3159.jpg)
ray
3159
![Page 3160: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3160.jpg)
Hamil-
3160
![Page 3161: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3161.jpg)
to-
3161
![Page 3162: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3162.jpg)
nian
3162
![Page 3163: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3163.jpg)
is
3163
![Page 3164: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3164.jpg)
HQ =
3164
![Page 3165: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3165.jpg)
−∑
i BzSz
i −
3165
![Page 3166: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3166.jpg)
J∑
i Sxi S
xi+1,
3166
![Page 3167: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3167.jpg)
where
3167
![Page 3168: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3168.jpg)
Bz
3168
![Page 3169: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3169.jpg)
is
3169
![Page 3170: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3170.jpg)
de-
3170
![Page 3171: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3171.jpg)
ter-
3171
![Page 3172: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3172.jpg)
mined
3172
![Page 3173: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3173.jpg)
by
3173
![Page 3174: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3174.jpg)
the
3174
![Page 3175: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3175.jpg)
flux
3175
![Page 3176: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3176.jpg)
bias
3176
![Page 3177: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3177.jpg)
of
3177
![Page 3178: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3178.jpg)
the
3178
![Page 3179: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3179.jpg)
qubits
3179
![Page 3180: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3180.jpg)
and
3180
![Page 3181: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3181.jpg)
J
3181
![Page 3182: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3182.jpg)
is
3182
![Page 3183: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3183.jpg)
pro-
3183
![Page 3184: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3184.jpg)
por-
3184
![Page 3185: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3185.jpg)
tional
3185
![Page 3186: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3186.jpg)
to
3186
![Page 3187: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3187.jpg)
the
3187
![Page 3188: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3188.jpg)
tun-
3188
![Page 3189: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3189.jpg)
able
3189
![Page 3190: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3190.jpg)
mu-
3190
![Page 3191: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3191.jpg)
tual
3191
![Page 3192: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3192.jpg)
in-
3192
![Page 3193: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3193.jpg)
duc-
3193
![Page 3194: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3194.jpg)
tance
3194
![Page 3195: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3195.jpg)
M .
3195
![Page 3196: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3196.jpg)
The
3196
![Page 3197: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3197.jpg)
lo-
3197
![Page 3198: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3198.jpg)
cal
3198
![Page 3199: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3199.jpg)
phonon
3199
![Page 3200: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3200.jpg)
modes
3200
![Page 3201: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3201.jpg)
are
3201
![Page 3202: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3202.jpg)
re-
3202
![Page 3203: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3203.jpg)
al-
3203
![Page 3204: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3204.jpg)
ized
3204
![Page 3205: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3205.jpg)
by
3205
![Page 3206: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3206.jpg)
Joseph-
3206
![Page 3207: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3207.jpg)
son
3207
![Page 3208: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3208.jpg)
junc-
3208
![Page 3209: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3209.jpg)
tions
3209
![Page 3210: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3210.jpg)
whose
3210
![Page 3211: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3211.jpg)
os-
3211
![Page 3212: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3212.jpg)
cil-
3212
![Page 3213: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3213.jpg)
la-
3213
![Page 3214: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3214.jpg)
tion
3214
![Page 3215: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3215.jpg)
fre-
3215
![Page 3216: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3216.jpg)
quency
3216
![Page 3217: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3217.jpg)
is
3217
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the
3218
![Page 3219: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3219.jpg)
plasma
3219
![Page 3220: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3220.jpg)
fre-
3220
![Page 3221: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3221.jpg)
quency
3221
![Page 3222: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3222.jpg)
ωp.
3222
![Page 3223: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3223.jpg)
These
3223
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junc-
3224
![Page 3225: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3225.jpg)
tions
3225
![Page 3226: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3226.jpg)
should
3226
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have
3227
![Page 3228: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3228.jpg)
a
3228
![Page 3229: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3229.jpg)
deep
3229
![Page 3230: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3230.jpg)
po-
3230
![Page 3231: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3231.jpg)
ten-
3231
![Page 3232: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3232.jpg)
tial
3232
![Page 3233: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3233.jpg)
well
3233
![Page 3234: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3234.jpg)
in
3234
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or-
3235
![Page 3236: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3236.jpg)
der
3236
![Page 3237: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3237.jpg)
to
3237
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guar-
3238
![Page 3239: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3239.jpg)
an-
3239
![Page 3240: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3240.jpg)
tee
3240
![Page 3241: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3241.jpg)
that
3241
![Page 3242: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3242.jpg)
their
3242
![Page 3243: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3243.jpg)
be-
3243
![Page 3244: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3244.jpg)
hav-
3244
![Page 3245: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3245.jpg)
ior
3245
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is
3246
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close
3247
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to
3248
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har-
3249
![Page 3250: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3250.jpg)
monic
3250
![Page 3251: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3251.jpg)
even
3251
![Page 3252: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3252.jpg)
when
3252
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the
3253
![Page 3254: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3254.jpg)
ex-
3254
![Page 3255: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3255.jpg)
ci-
3255
![Page 3256: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3256.jpg)
ta-
3256
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tion
3257
![Page 3258: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3258.jpg)
num-
3258
![Page 3259: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3259.jpg)
ber
3259
![Page 3260: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3260.jpg)
is
3260
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not
3261
![Page 3262: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3262.jpg)
small.
3262
![Page 3263: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3263.jpg)
Al-
3263
![Page 3264: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3264.jpg)
ter-
3264
![Page 3265: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3265.jpg)
na-
3265
![Page 3266: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3266.jpg)
tively,
3266
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if
3267
![Page 3268: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3268.jpg)
we
3268
![Page 3269: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3269.jpg)
are
3269
![Page 3270: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3270.jpg)
also
3270
![Page 3271: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3271.jpg)
in-
3271
![Page 3272: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3272.jpg)
ter-
3272
![Page 3273: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3273.jpg)
ested
3273
![Page 3274: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3274.jpg)
in
3274
![Page 3275: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3275.jpg)
study-
3275
![Page 3276: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3276.jpg)
ing
3276
![Page 3277: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3277.jpg)
the
3277
![Page 3278: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3278.jpg)
ef-
3278
![Page 3279: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3279.jpg)
fect
3279
![Page 3280: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3280.jpg)
of
3280
![Page 3281: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3281.jpg)
non-
3281
![Page 3282: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3282.jpg)
har-
3282
![Page 3283: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3283.jpg)
monic-
3283
![Page 3284: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3284.jpg)
ity
3284
![Page 3285: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3285.jpg)
of
3285
![Page 3286: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3286.jpg)
the
3286
![Page 3287: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3287.jpg)
phonon
3287
![Page 3288: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3288.jpg)
modes
3288
![Page 3289: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3289.jpg)
on
3289
![Page 3290: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3290.jpg)
the
3290
![Page 3291: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3291.jpg)
sys-
3291
![Page 3292: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3292.jpg)
tem
3292
![Page 3293: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3293.jpg)
be-
3293
![Page 3294: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3294.jpg)
hav-
3294
![Page 3295: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3295.jpg)
ior
3295
![Page 3296: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3296.jpg)
[32],
3296
![Page 3297: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3297.jpg)
we
3297
![Page 3298: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3298.jpg)
may
3298
![Page 3299: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3299.jpg)
use
3299
![Page 3300: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3300.jpg)
an
3300
![Page 3301: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3301.jpg)
in-
3301
![Page 3302: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3302.jpg)
duc-
3302
![Page 3303: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3303.jpg)
tor
3303
![Page 3304: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3304.jpg)
(L)
3304
![Page 3305: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3305.jpg)
shunted
3305
![Page 3306: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3306.jpg)
dc-
3306
![Page 3307: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3307.jpg)
SQUID.
3307
![Page 3308: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3308.jpg)
In
3308
![Page 3309: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3309.jpg)
this
3309
![Page 3310: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3310.jpg)
case,
3310
![Page 3311: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3311.jpg)
un-
3311
![Page 3312: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3312.jpg)
der
3312
![Page 3313: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3313.jpg)
the
3313
![Page 3314: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3314.jpg)
con-
3314
![Page 3315: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3315.jpg)
di-
3315
![Page 3316: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3316.jpg)
tion
3316
![Page 3317: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3317.jpg)
LIc ≪
3317
![Page 3318: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3318.jpg)
Φ0/2π,
3318
![Page 3319: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3319.jpg)
the
3319
![Page 3320: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3320.jpg)
Hamil-
3320
![Page 3321: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3321.jpg)
to-
3321
![Page 3322: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3322.jpg)
nian
3322
![Page 3323: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3323.jpg)
for
3323
![Page 3324: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3324.jpg)
the
3324
![Page 3325: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3325.jpg)
phonon
3325
![Page 3326: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3326.jpg)
mode
3326
![Page 3327: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3327.jpg)
is
3327
![Page 3328: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3328.jpg)
Q2/2CJ+
3328
![Page 3329: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3329.jpg)
Φ2/2L′−
3329
![Page 3330: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3330.jpg)
(Ic/24)(2π/Φ0)3Φ4,
3330
![Page 3331: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3331.jpg)
where
3331
![Page 3332: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3332.jpg)
Q
3332
![Page 3333: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3333.jpg)
and
3333
![Page 3334: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3334.jpg)
Φ
3334
![Page 3335: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3335.jpg)
are
3335
![Page 3336: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3336.jpg)
the
3336
![Page 3337: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3337.jpg)
charge
3337
![Page 3338: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3338.jpg)
and
3338
![Page 3339: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3339.jpg)
flux
3339
![Page 3340: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3340.jpg)
across
3340
![Page 3341: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3341.jpg)
the
3341
![Page 3342: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3342.jpg)
dc-
3342
![Page 3343: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3343.jpg)
SQUID,
3343
![Page 3344: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3344.jpg)
CJ
3344
![Page 3345: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3345.jpg)
is
3345
![Page 3346: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3346.jpg)
the
3346
![Page 3347: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3347.jpg)
to-
3347
![Page 3348: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3348.jpg)
tal
3348
![Page 3349: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3349.jpg)
junc-
3349
![Page 3350: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3350.jpg)
tion
3350
![Page 3351: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3351.jpg)
ca-
3351
![Page 3352: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3352.jpg)
pac-
3352
![Page 3353: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3353.jpg)
i-
3353
![Page 3354: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3354.jpg)
tance
3354
![Page 3355: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3355.jpg)
and
3355
![Page 3356: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3356.jpg)
the
3356
![Page 3357: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3357.jpg)
ef-
3357
![Page 3358: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3358.jpg)
fec-
3358
![Page 3359: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3359.jpg)
tive
3359
![Page 3360: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3360.jpg)
in-
3360
![Page 3361: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3361.jpg)
duc-
3361
![Page 3362: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3362.jpg)
tance
3362
![Page 3363: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3363.jpg)
L′ =
3363
![Page 3364: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3364.jpg)
L(1−
3364
![Page 3365: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3365.jpg)
2πLIc/Φ0).
3365
![Page 3366: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3366.jpg)
The
3366
![Page 3367: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3367.jpg)
an-
3367
![Page 3368: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3368.jpg)
har-
3368
![Page 3369: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3369.jpg)
monic-
3369
![Page 3370: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3370.jpg)
ity
3370
![Page 3371: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3371.jpg)
can
3371
![Page 3372: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3372.jpg)
be
3372
![Page 3373: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3373.jpg)
ad-
3373
![Page 3374: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3374.jpg)
justed
3374
![Page 3375: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3375.jpg)
by
3375
![Page 3376: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3376.jpg)
tun-
3376
![Page 3377: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3377.jpg)
ing
3377
![Page 3378: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3378.jpg)
the
3378
![Page 3379: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3379.jpg)
crit-
3379
![Page 3380: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3380.jpg)
i-
3380
![Page 3381: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3381.jpg)
cal
3381
![Page 3382: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3382.jpg)
cur-
3382
![Page 3383: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3383.jpg)
rent
3383
![Page 3384: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3384.jpg)
Ic
3384
![Page 3385: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3385.jpg)
of
3385
![Page 3386: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3386.jpg)
the
3386
![Page 3387: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3387.jpg)
dc-
3387
![Page 3388: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3388.jpg)
SQUID.
3388
![Page 3389: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3389.jpg)
The
3389
![Page 3390: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3390.jpg)
lo-
3390
![Page 3391: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3391.jpg)
cal
3391
![Page 3392: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3392.jpg)
Joseph-
3392
![Page 3393: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3393.jpg)
son
3393
![Page 3394: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3394.jpg)
junc-
3394
![Page 3395: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3395.jpg)
tion
3395
![Page 3396: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3396.jpg)
os-
3396
![Page 3397: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3397.jpg)
cil-
3397
![Page 3398: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3398.jpg)
la-
3398
![Page 3399: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3399.jpg)
tors
3399
![Page 3400: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3400.jpg)
are
3400
![Page 3401: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3401.jpg)
cou-
3401
![Page 3402: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3402.jpg)
pled
3402
![Page 3403: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3403.jpg)
to
3403
![Page 3404: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3404.jpg)
the
3404
![Page 3405: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3405.jpg)
main
3405
![Page 3406: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3406.jpg)
loops
3406
![Page 3407: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3407.jpg)
of
3407
![Page 3408: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3408.jpg)
the
3408
![Page 3409: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3409.jpg)
rf-
3409
![Page 3410: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3410.jpg)
SQUID
3410
![Page 3411: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3411.jpg)
qubits
3411
![Page 3412: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3412.jpg)
us-
3412
![Page 3413: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3413.jpg)
ing
3413
![Page 3414: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3414.jpg)
a
3414
![Page 3415: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3415.jpg)
tun-
3415
![Page 3416: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3416.jpg)
able
3416
![Page 3417: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3417.jpg)
mu-
3417
![Page 3418: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3418.jpg)
tual
3418
![Page 3419: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3419.jpg)
in-
3419
![Page 3420: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3420.jpg)
duc-
3420
![Page 3421: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3421.jpg)
tance
3421
![Page 3422: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3422.jpg)
as
3422
![Page 3423: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3423.jpg)
shown
3423
![Page 3424: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3424.jpg)
in
3424
![Page 3425: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3425.jpg)
Fig.
3425
![Page 3426: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3426.jpg)
2.
3426
![Page 3427: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3427.jpg)
This
3427
![Page 3428: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3428.jpg)
in-
3428
![Page 3429: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3429.jpg)
tro-
3429
![Page 3430: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3430.jpg)
duces
3430
![Page 3431: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3431.jpg)
a
3431
![Page 3432: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3432.jpg)
cou-
3432
![Page 3433: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3433.jpg)
pling
3433
![Page 3434: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3434.jpg)
Hamil-
3434
![Page 3435: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3435.jpg)
to-
3435
![Page 3436: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3436.jpg)
nian
3436
![Page 3437: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3437.jpg)
pro-
3437
![Page 3438: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3438.jpg)
por-
3438
![Page 3439: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3439.jpg)
tional
3439
![Page 3440: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3440.jpg)
to
3440
![Page 3441: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3441.jpg)
SzΦ,
3441
![Page 3442: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3442.jpg)
with
3442
![Page 3443: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3443.jpg)
a
3443
![Page 3444: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3444.jpg)
cou-
3444
![Page 3445: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3445.jpg)
pling
3445
![Page 3446: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3446.jpg)
co-
3446
![Page 3447: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3447.jpg)
ef-
3447
![Page 3448: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3448.jpg)
fi-
3448
![Page 3449: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3449.jpg)
cient
3449
![Page 3450: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3450.jpg)
pro-
3450
![Page 3451: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3451.jpg)
por-
3451
![Page 3452: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3452.jpg)
tional
3452
![Page 3453: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3453.jpg)
to
3453
![Page 3454: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3454.jpg)
the
3454
![Page 3455: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3455.jpg)
mu-
3455
![Page 3456: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3456.jpg)
tual
3456
![Page 3457: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3457.jpg)
in-
3457
![Page 3458: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3458.jpg)
duc-
3458
![Page 3459: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3459.jpg)
tance
3459
![Page 3460: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3460.jpg)
M ′[24].
3460
![Page 3461: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3461.jpg)
Af-
3461
![Page 3462: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3462.jpg)
ter
3462
![Page 3463: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3463.jpg)
quan-
3463
![Page 3464: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3464.jpg)
tiz-
3464
![Page 3465: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3465.jpg)
ing
3465
![Page 3466: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3466.jpg)
the
3466
![Page 3467: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3467.jpg)
lo-
3467
![Page 3468: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3468.jpg)
cal
3468
![Page 3469: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3469.jpg)
phonon
3469
![Page 3470: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3470.jpg)
modes
3470
![Page 3471: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3471.jpg)
and
3471
![Page 3472: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3472.jpg)
ap-
3472
![Page 3473: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3473.jpg)
ply-
3473
![Page 3474: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3474.jpg)
ing
3474
![Page 3475: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3475.jpg)
the
3475
![Page 3476: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3476.jpg)
Jordan-
3476
![Page 3477: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3477.jpg)
Wigner
3477
![Page 3478: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3478.jpg)
trans-
3478
![Page 3479: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3479.jpg)
for-
3479
![Page 3480: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3480.jpg)
ma-
3480
![Page 3481: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3481.jpg)
tion,
3481
![Page 3482: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3482.jpg)
we
3482
![Page 3483: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3483.jpg)
ob-
3483
![Page 3484: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3484.jpg)
tain
3484
![Page 3485: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3485.jpg)
the
3485
![Page 3486: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3486.jpg)
Hamil-
3486
![Page 3487: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3487.jpg)
to-
3487
![Page 3488: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3488.jpg)
nian
3488
![Page 3489: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3489.jpg)
of
3489
![Page 3490: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3490.jpg)
the
3490
![Page 3491: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3491.jpg)
1d
3491
![Page 3492: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3492.jpg)
Hol-
3492
![Page 3493: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3493.jpg)
stein
3493
![Page 3494: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3494.jpg)
model
3494
![Page 3495: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3495.jpg)
Eq.
3495
![Page 3496: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3496.jpg)
(5),
3496
![Page 3497: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3497.jpg)
with
3497
![Page 3498: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3498.jpg)
the
3498
![Page 3499: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3499.jpg)
hop-
3499
![Page 3500: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3500.jpg)
ping
3500
![Page 3501: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3501.jpg)
strength
3501
![Page 3502: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3502.jpg)
t =
3502
![Page 3503: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3503.jpg)
J/4
3503
![Page 3504: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3504.jpg)
and
3504
![Page 3505: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3505.jpg)
the
3505
![Page 3506: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3506.jpg)
phonon
3506
![Page 3507: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3507.jpg)
fre-
3507
![Page 3508: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3508.jpg)
quency
3508
![Page 3509: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3509.jpg)
ω =
3509
![Page 3510: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3510.jpg)
ωp.
3510
![Page 3511: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3511.jpg)
Since
3511
![Page 3512: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3512.jpg)
the
3512
![Page 3513: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3513.jpg)
qubit-
3513
![Page 3514: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3514.jpg)
qubit
3514
![Page 3515: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3515.jpg)
and
3515
![Page 3516: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3516.jpg)
qubit-
3516
![Page 3517: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3517.jpg)
phonon
3517
![Page 3518: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3518.jpg)
in-
3518
![Page 3519: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3519.jpg)
ter-
3519
![Page 3520: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3520.jpg)
ac-
3520
![Page 3521: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3521.jpg)
tions
3521
![Page 3522: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3522.jpg)
are
3522
![Page 3523: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3523.jpg)
re-
3523
![Page 3524: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3524.jpg)
al-
3524
![Page 3525: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3525.jpg)
ized
3525
![Page 3526: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3526.jpg)
with
3526
![Page 3527: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3527.jpg)
tun-
3527
![Page 3528: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3528.jpg)
able
3528
![Page 3529: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3529.jpg)
cou-
3529
![Page 3530: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3530.jpg)
plings,
3530
![Page 3531: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3531.jpg)
the
3531
![Page 3532: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3532.jpg)
ra-
3532
![Page 3533: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3533.jpg)
tio
3533
![Page 3534: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3534.jpg)
of
3534
![Page 3535: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3535.jpg)
t
3535
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and
3536
![Page 3537: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3537.jpg)
g
3537
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to
3538
![Page 3539: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3539.jpg)
ω
3539
![Page 3540: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3540.jpg)
in
3540
![Page 3541: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3541.jpg)
the
3541
![Page 3542: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3542.jpg)
Hol-
3542
![Page 3543: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3543.jpg)
stein
3543
![Page 3544: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3544.jpg)
model
3544
![Page 3545: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3545.jpg)
can
3545
![Page 3546: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3546.jpg)
be
3546
![Page 3547: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3547.jpg)
tuned
3547
![Page 3548: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3548.jpg)
in
3548
![Page 3549: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3549.jpg)
a
3549
![Page 3550: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3550.jpg)
wide
3550
![Page 3551: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3551.jpg)
range.
3551
![Page 3552: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3552.jpg)
This
3552
![Page 3553: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3553.jpg)
al-
3553
![Page 3554: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3554.jpg)
lows
3554
![Page 3555: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3555.jpg)
us
3555
![Page 3556: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3556.jpg)
to
3556
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ex-
3557
![Page 3558: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3558.jpg)
plore
3558
![Page 3559: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3559.jpg)
a
3559
![Page 3560: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3560.jpg)
large
3560
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phase
3561
![Page 3562: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3562.jpg)
space
3562
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of
3563
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the
3564
![Page 3565: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3565.jpg)
sys-
3565
![Page 3566: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3566.jpg)
tem.
3566
![Page 3567: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3567.jpg)
To
3567
![Page 3568: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3568.jpg)
sim-
3568
![Page 3569: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3569.jpg)
u-
3569
![Page 3570: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3570.jpg)
late
3570
![Page 3571: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3571.jpg)
the
3571
![Page 3572: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3572.jpg)
1d
3572
![Page 3573: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3573.jpg)
Hol-
3573
![Page 3574: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3574.jpg)
stein
3574
![Page 3575: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3575.jpg)
model,
3575
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we
3576
![Page 3577: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3577.jpg)
first
3577
![Page 3578: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3578.jpg)
set
3578
![Page 3579: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3579.jpg)
the
3579
![Page 3580: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3580.jpg)
num-
3580
![Page 3581: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3581.jpg)
ber
3581
![Page 3582: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3582.jpg)
of
3582
![Page 3583: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3583.jpg)
spin-
3583
![Page 3584: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3584.jpg)
less
3584
![Page 3585: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3585.jpg)
fermions
3585
![Page 3586: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3586.jpg)
in
3586
![Page 3587: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3587.jpg)
the
3587
![Page 3588: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3588.jpg)
sys-
3588
![Page 3589: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3589.jpg)
tem.
3589
![Page 3590: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3590.jpg)
This
3590
![Page 3591: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3591.jpg)
is
3591
![Page 3592: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3592.jpg)
done
3592
![Page 3593: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3593.jpg)
by
3593
![Page 3594: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3594.jpg)
ini-
3594
![Page 3595: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3595.jpg)
tial-
3595
![Page 3596: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3596.jpg)
iz-
3596
![Page 3597: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3597.jpg)
ing
3597
![Page 3598: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3598.jpg)
half
3598
![Page 3599: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3599.jpg)
the
3599
![Page 3600: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3600.jpg)
qubits
3600
![Page 3601: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3601.jpg)
in
3601
![Page 3602: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3602.jpg)
the
3602
![Page 3603: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3603.jpg)
Sz =
3603
![Page 3604: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3604.jpg)
1/2
3604
![Page 3605: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3605.jpg)
state
3605
![Page 3606: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3606.jpg)
and
3606
![Page 3607: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3607.jpg)
the
3607
![Page 3608: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3608.jpg)
other
3608
![Page 3609: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3609.jpg)
half
3609
![Page 3610: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3610.jpg)
in
3610
![Page 3611: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3611.jpg)
the
3611
![Page 3612: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3612.jpg)
Sz =
3612
![Page 3613: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3613.jpg)
−1/2
3613
![Page 3614: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3614.jpg)
state
3614
![Page 3615: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3615.jpg)
(as-
3615
![Page 3616: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3616.jpg)
sum-
3616
![Page 3617: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3617.jpg)
ing
3617
![Page 3618: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3618.jpg)
we
3618
![Page 3619: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3619.jpg)
are
3619
![Page 3620: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3620.jpg)
in-
3620
![Page 3621: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3621.jpg)
ter-
3621
![Page 3622: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3622.jpg)
ested
3622
![Page 3623: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3623.jpg)
in
3623
![Page 3624: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3624.jpg)
the
3624
![Page 3625: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3625.jpg)
half
3625
![Page 3626: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3626.jpg)
fill-
3626
![Page 3627: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3627.jpg)
ing
3627
![Page 3628: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3628.jpg)
case),
3628
![Page 3629: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3629.jpg)
which
3629
![Page 3630: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3630.jpg)
can
3630
![Page 3631: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3631.jpg)
be
3631
![Page 3632: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3632.jpg)
ac-
3632
![Page 3633: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3633.jpg)
com-
3633
![Page 3634: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3634.jpg)
plished
3634
![Page 3635: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3635.jpg)
by
3635
![Page 3636: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3636.jpg)
ap-
3636
![Page 3637: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3637.jpg)
ply-
3637
![Page 3638: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3638.jpg)
ing
3638
![Page 3639: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3639.jpg)
strong
3639
![Page 3640: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3640.jpg)
Bz
3640
![Page 3641: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3641.jpg)
fields
3641
![Page 3642: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3642.jpg)
to
3642
![Page 3643: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3643.jpg)
the
3643
![Page 3644: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3644.jpg)
qubits
3644
![Page 3645: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3645.jpg)
or
3645
![Page 3646: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3646.jpg)
by
3646
![Page 3647: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3647.jpg)
per-
3647
![Page 3648: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3648.jpg)
form-
3648
![Page 3649: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3649.jpg)
ing
3649
![Page 3650: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3650.jpg)
mea-
3650
![Page 3651: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3651.jpg)
sure-
3651
![Page 3652: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3652.jpg)
ments.
3652
![Page 3653: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3653.jpg)
Then
3653
![Page 3654: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3654.jpg)
t
3654
![Page 3655: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3655.jpg)
and
3655
![Page 3656: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3656.jpg)
g
3656
![Page 3657: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3657.jpg)
are
3657
![Page 3658: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3658.jpg)
turned
3658
![Page 3659: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3659.jpg)
on
3659
![Page 3660: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3660.jpg)
(by
3660
![Page 3661: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3661.jpg)
tun-
3661
![Page 3662: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3662.jpg)
ing
3662
![Page 3663: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3663.jpg)
the
3663
![Page 3664: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3664.jpg)
inter-
3664
![Page 3665: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3665.jpg)
qubit
3665
![Page 3666: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3666.jpg)
and
3666
![Page 3667: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3667.jpg)
qubit
3667
![Page 3668: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3668.jpg)
phonon
3668
![Page 3669: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3669.jpg)
cou-
3669
![Page 3670: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3670.jpg)
plings)
3670
![Page 3671: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3671.jpg)
slowly
3671
![Page 3672: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3672.jpg)
un-
3672
![Page 3673: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3673.jpg)
til
3673
![Page 3674: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3674.jpg)
the
3674
![Page 3675: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3675.jpg)
in-
3675
![Page 3676: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3676.jpg)
tended
3676
![Page 3677: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3677.jpg)
point
3677
![Page 3678: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3678.jpg)
(t, g, ω)
3678
![Page 3679: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3679.jpg)
in
3679
![Page 3680: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3680.jpg)
the
3680
![Page 3681: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3681.jpg)
phase
3681
![Page 3682: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3682.jpg)
space
3682
![Page 3683: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3683.jpg)
is
3683
![Page 3684: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3684.jpg)
reached.
3684
![Page 3685: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3685.jpg)
The
3685
![Page 3686: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3686.jpg)
phase
3686
![Page 3687: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3687.jpg)
of
3687
![Page 3688: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3688.jpg)
the
3688
![Page 3689: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3689.jpg)
sys-
3689
![Page 3690: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3690.jpg)
tem
3690
![Page 3691: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3691.jpg)
can
3691
![Page 3692: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3692.jpg)
be
3692
![Page 3693: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3693.jpg)
in-
3693
![Page 3694: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3694.jpg)
ferred
3694
![Page 3695: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3695.jpg)
by
3695
![Page 3696: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3696.jpg)
mea-
3696
![Page 3697: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3697.jpg)
sur-
3697
![Page 3698: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3698.jpg)
ing
3698
![Page 3699: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3699.jpg)
the
3699
![Page 3700: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3700.jpg)
fermion
3700
![Page 3701: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3701.jpg)
num-
3701
![Page 3702: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3702.jpg)
bers
3702
![Page 3703: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3703.jpg)
f †nfn,
3703
![Page 3704: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3704.jpg)
or
3704
![Page 3705: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3705.jpg)
Szn,
3705
![Page 3706: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3706.jpg)
which
3706
![Page 3707: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3707.jpg)
are
3707
![Page 3708: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3708.jpg)
in-
3708
![Page 3709: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3709.jpg)
de-
3709
![Page 3710: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3710.jpg)
pen-
3710
![Page 3711: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3711.jpg)
dent
3711
![Page 3712: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3712.jpg)
of
3712
![Page 3713: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3713.jpg)
n
3713
![Page 3714: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3714.jpg)
(1/2
3714
![Page 3715: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3715.jpg)
for
3715
![Page 3716: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3716.jpg)
half
3716
![Page 3717: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3717.jpg)
fill-
3717
![Page 3718: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3718.jpg)
ing)
3718
![Page 3719: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3719.jpg)
for
3719
![Page 3720: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3720.jpg)
the
3720
![Page 3721: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3721.jpg)
metal-
3721
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lic
3722
![Page 3723: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3723.jpg)
phase
3723
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and
3724
![Page 3725: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3725.jpg)
vary-
3725
![Page 3726: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3726.jpg)
ing
3726
![Page 3727: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3727.jpg)
with
3727
![Page 3728: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3728.jpg)
n
3728
![Page 3729: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3729.jpg)
for
3729
![Page 3730: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3730.jpg)
the
3730
![Page 3731: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3731.jpg)
in-
3731
![Page 3732: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3732.jpg)
su-
3732
![Page 3733: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3733.jpg)
lat-
3733
![Page 3734: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3734.jpg)
ing
3734
![Page 3735: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3735.jpg)
phase.
3735
![Page 3736: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3736.jpg)
The
3736
![Page 3737: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3737.jpg)
ex-
3737
![Page 3738: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3738.jpg)
ci-
3738
![Page 3739: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3739.jpg)
ta-
3739
![Page 3740: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3740.jpg)
tion
3740
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en-
3741
![Page 3742: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3742.jpg)
ergy
3742
![Page 3743: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3743.jpg)
of
3743
![Page 3744: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3744.jpg)
the
3744
![Page 3745: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3745.jpg)
sys-
3745
![Page 3746: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3746.jpg)
tem
3746
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can
3747
![Page 3748: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3748.jpg)
be
3748
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de-
3749
![Page 3750: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3750.jpg)
ter-
3750
![Page 3751: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3751.jpg)
mined
3751
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by
3752
![Page 3753: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3753.jpg)
spec-
3753
![Page 3754: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3754.jpg)
tro-
3754
![Page 3755: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3755.jpg)
scopic
3755
![Page 3756: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3756.jpg)
meth-
3756
![Page 3757: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3757.jpg)
ods
3757
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like
3758
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in
3759
![Page 3760: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3760.jpg)
[18].
3760
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In
3761
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con-
3762
![Page 3763: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3763.jpg)
clu-
3763
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sion,
3764
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we
3765
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have
3766
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shown
3767
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that
3768
![Page 3769: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3769.jpg)
prop-
3769
![Page 3770: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3770.jpg)
erly
3770
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en-
3771
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gi-
3772
![Page 3773: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3773.jpg)
neered
3773
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Joseph-
3774
![Page 3775: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3775.jpg)
son
3775
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junc-
3776
![Page 3777: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3777.jpg)
tion
3777
![Page 3778: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3778.jpg)
ar-
3778
![Page 3779: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3779.jpg)
rays
3779
![Page 3780: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3780.jpg)
can
3780
![Page 3781: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3781.jpg)
be
3781
![Page 3782: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3782.jpg)
used
3782
![Page 3783: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3783.jpg)
for
3783
![Page 3784: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3784.jpg)
quan-
3784
![Page 3785: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3785.jpg)
tum
3785
![Page 3786: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3786.jpg)
ma-
3786
![Page 3787: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3787.jpg)
nip-
3787
![Page 3788: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3788.jpg)
u-
3788
![Page 3789: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3789.jpg)
la-
3789
![Page 3790: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3790.jpg)
tion
3790
![Page 3791: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3791.jpg)
and
3791
![Page 3792: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3792.jpg)
sim-
3792
![Page 3793: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3793.jpg)
u-
3793
![Page 3794: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3794.jpg)
la-
3794
![Page 3795: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3795.jpg)
tion.
3795
![Page 3796: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3796.jpg)
The
3796
![Page 3797: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3797.jpg)
dis-
3797
![Page 3798: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3798.jpg)
cussed
3798
![Page 3799: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3799.jpg)
pro-
3799
![Page 3800: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3800.jpg)
to-
3800
![Page 3801: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3801.jpg)
cols
3801
![Page 3802: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3802.jpg)
re-
3802
![Page 3803: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3803.jpg)
quire
3803
![Page 3804: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3804.jpg)
only
3804
![Page 3805: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3805.jpg)
lim-
3805
![Page 3806: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3806.jpg)
ited
3806
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con-
3807
![Page 3808: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3808.jpg)
trol
3808
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of
3809
![Page 3810: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3810.jpg)
the
3810
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sys-
3811
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tem
3812
![Page 3813: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3813.jpg)
and
3813
![Page 3814: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3814.jpg)
pro-
3814
![Page 3815: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3815.jpg)
vide
3815
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in-
3816
![Page 3817: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3817.jpg)
ter-
3817
![Page 3818: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3818.jpg)
est-
3818
![Page 3819: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3819.jpg)
ing
3819
![Page 3820: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3820.jpg)
op-
3820
![Page 3821: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3821.jpg)
por-
3821
![Page 3822: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3822.jpg)
tu-
3822
![Page 3823: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3823.jpg)
ni-
3823
![Page 3824: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3824.jpg)
ties
3824
![Page 3825: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3825.jpg)
for
3825
![Page 3826: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3826.jpg)
su-
3826
![Page 3827: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3827.jpg)
per-
3827
![Page 3828: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3828.jpg)
con-
3828
![Page 3829: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3829.jpg)
duct-
3829
![Page 3830: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3830.jpg)
ing
3830
![Page 3831: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3831.jpg)
quan-
3831
![Page 3832: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3832.jpg)
tum
3832
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in-
3833
![Page 3834: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3834.jpg)
for-
3834
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ma-
3835
![Page 3836: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3836.jpg)
tion
3836
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pro-
3837
![Page 3838: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3838.jpg)
cess-
3838
![Page 3839: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3839.jpg)
ing.
3839
![Page 3840: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3840.jpg)
The
3840
![Page 3841: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3841.jpg)
au-
3841
![Page 3842: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3842.jpg)
thors
3842
![Page 3843: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3843.jpg)
ac-
3843
![Page 3844: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3844.jpg)
knowl-
3844
![Page 3845: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3845.jpg)
edge
3845
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fi-
3846
![Page 3847: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3847.jpg)
nan-
3847
![Page 3848: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3848.jpg)
cial
3848
![Page 3849: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3849.jpg)
sup-
3849
![Page 3850: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3850.jpg)
port
3850
![Page 3851: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3851.jpg)
from
3851
![Page 3852: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3852.jpg)
the
3852
![Page 3853: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3853.jpg)
Packard
3853
![Page 3854: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3854.jpg)
Foun-
3854
![Page 3855: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3855.jpg)
da-
3855
![Page 3856: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3856.jpg)
tion.
3856
![Page 3857: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3857.jpg)
References
[1]Y.
3857
![Page 3858: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3858.jpg)
Makhlin,
3858
![Page 3859: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3859.jpg)
G.
3859
![Page 3860: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3860.jpg)
Schon,
3860
![Page 3861: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3861.jpg)
and
3861
![Page 3862: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3862.jpg)
A.
3862
![Page 3863: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3863.jpg)
Shnirman,
3863
![Page 3864: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3864.jpg)
Rev.
3864
![Page 3865: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3865.jpg)
Mod.
3865
![Page 3866: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3866.jpg)
Phys.
3866
![Page 3867: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3867.jpg)
73,
3867
![Page 3868: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3868.jpg)
357
3868
![Page 3869: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3869.jpg)
(2001).
3869
![Page 3870: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3870.jpg)
3870
![Page 3871: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3871.jpg)
[2]
3871
![Page 3872: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3872.jpg)
Y.
3872
![Page 3873: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3873.jpg)
Nakamura,
3873
![Page 3874: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3874.jpg)
Y.
3874
![Page 3875: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3875.jpg)
A.
3875
![Page 3876: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3876.jpg)
Pashkin,
3876
![Page 3877: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3877.jpg)
and
3877
![Page 3878: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3878.jpg)
J.
3878
![Page 3879: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3879.jpg)
S.
3879
![Page 3880: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3880.jpg)
Tsai,
3880
![Page 3881: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3881.jpg)
Nature
3881
![Page 3882: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3882.jpg)
(London)
3882
![Page 3883: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3883.jpg)
398,
3883
![Page 3884: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3884.jpg)
786
3884
![Page 3885: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3885.jpg)
(1999).
3885
![Page 3886: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3886.jpg)
3886
![Page 3887: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3887.jpg)
[3]
3887
![Page 3888: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3888.jpg)
J.
3888
![Page 3889: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3889.jpg)
R.
3889
![Page 3890: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3890.jpg)
Friedman,
3890
![Page 3891: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3891.jpg)
V.
3891
![Page 3892: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3892.jpg)
Patel,
3892
![Page 3893: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3893.jpg)
W.
3893
![Page 3894: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3894.jpg)
Chen,
3894
![Page 3895: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3895.jpg)
S.
3895
![Page 3896: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3896.jpg)
K.
3896
![Page 3897: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3897.jpg)
Tolpygo,
3897
![Page 3898: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3898.jpg)
and
3898
![Page 3899: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3899.jpg)
J.
3899
![Page 3900: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3900.jpg)
E.
3900
![Page 3901: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3901.jpg)
Lukens,
3901
![Page 3902: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3902.jpg)
Nature
3902
![Page 3903: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3903.jpg)
406,
3903
![Page 3904: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3904.jpg)
43
3904
![Page 3905: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3905.jpg)
(2000).
3905
![Page 3906: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3906.jpg)
3906
![Page 3907: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3907.jpg)
[4]
3907
![Page 3908: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3908.jpg)
C.
3908
![Page 3909: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3909.jpg)
H.
3909
![Page 3910: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3910.jpg)
van
3910
![Page 3911: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3911.jpg)
der
3911
![Page 3912: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3912.jpg)
Wal,
3912
![Page 3913: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3913.jpg)
A.
3913
![Page 3914: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3914.jpg)
C.
3914
![Page 3915: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3915.jpg)
J.
3915
![Page 3916: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3916.jpg)
ter
3916
![Page 3917: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3917.jpg)
Haar,
3917
![Page 3918: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3918.jpg)
F.
3918
![Page 3919: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3919.jpg)
K.
3919
![Page 3920: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3920.jpg)
Wilhelm,
3920
![Page 3921: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3921.jpg)
R.
3921
![Page 3922: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3922.jpg)
N.
3922
![Page 3923: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3923.jpg)
Schouten,
3923
![Page 3924: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3924.jpg)
C.
3924
![Page 3925: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3925.jpg)
J.
3925
![Page 3926: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3926.jpg)
P.
3926
![Page 3927: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3927.jpg)
M.
3927
![Page 3928: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3928.jpg)
Harmans,
3928
![Page 3929: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3929.jpg)
T.
3929
![Page 3930: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3930.jpg)
P.
3930
![Page 3931: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3931.jpg)
Orlando,
3931
![Page 3932: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3932.jpg)
S.
3932
![Page 3933: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3933.jpg)
Lloyd,
3933
![Page 3934: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3934.jpg)
and
3934
![Page 3935: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3935.jpg)
J.
3935
![Page 3936: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3936.jpg)
E.
3936
![Page 3937: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3937.jpg)
Mooij,
3937
![Page 3938: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3938.jpg)
Science
3938
![Page 3939: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3939.jpg)
290,
3939
![Page 3940: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3940.jpg)
773
3940
![Page 3941: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3941.jpg)
(2000).
3941
![Page 3942: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3942.jpg)
3942
![Page 3943: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3943.jpg)
[5]
3943
![Page 3944: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3944.jpg)
D.
3944
![Page 3945: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3945.jpg)
Vion,
3945
![Page 3946: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3946.jpg)
A.
3946
![Page 3947: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3947.jpg)
Aassime,
3947
![Page 3948: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3948.jpg)
A.
3948
![Page 3949: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3949.jpg)
Cottet,
3949
![Page 3950: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3950.jpg)
P.
3950
![Page 3951: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3951.jpg)
Joyez,
3951
![Page 3952: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3952.jpg)
H.
3952
![Page 3953: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3953.jpg)
Pothier,
3953
![Page 3954: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3954.jpg)
C.
3954
![Page 3955: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3955.jpg)
Urbina,
3955
![Page 3956: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3956.jpg)
D.
3956
![Page 3957: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3957.jpg)
Esteve,
3957
![Page 3958: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3958.jpg)
and
3958
![Page 3959: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3959.jpg)
M.
3959
![Page 3960: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3960.jpg)
H.
3960
![Page 3961: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3961.jpg)
Devoret,
3961
![Page 3962: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3962.jpg)
Science
3962
![Page 3963: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3963.jpg)
296,
3963
![Page 3964: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3964.jpg)
886
3964
![Page 3965: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3965.jpg)
(2002).
3965
![Page 3966: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3966.jpg)
3966
![Page 3967: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3967.jpg)
[6]
3967
![Page 3968: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3968.jpg)
Y.
3968
![Page 3969: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3969.jpg)
Yu,
3969
![Page 3970: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3970.jpg)
S.
3970
![Page 3971: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3971.jpg)
Han,
3971
![Page 3972: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3972.jpg)
X.
3972
![Page 3973: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3973.jpg)
Chu,
3973
![Page 3974: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3974.jpg)
S-
3974
![Page 3975: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3975.jpg)
I.Chu,
3975
![Page 3976: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3976.jpg)
and
3976
![Page 3977: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3977.jpg)
Z.
3977
![Page 3978: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3978.jpg)
Wang,
3978
![Page 3979: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3979.jpg)
Science
3979
![Page 3980: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3980.jpg)
296,
3980
![Page 3981: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3981.jpg)
889
3981
![Page 3982: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3982.jpg)
(2002).
3982
![Page 3983: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3983.jpg)
3983
![Page 3984: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3984.jpg)
[7]
3984
![Page 3985: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3985.jpg)
J.
3985
![Page 3986: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3986.jpg)
M.
3986
![Page 3987: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3987.jpg)
Martinis
3987
![Page 3988: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3988.jpg)
S.
3988
![Page 3989: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3989.jpg)
Nam,
3989
![Page 3990: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3990.jpg)
J.
3990
![Page 3991: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3991.jpg)
Aumentado,
3991
![Page 3992: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3992.jpg)
and
3992
![Page 3993: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3993.jpg)
C.
3993
![Page 3994: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3994.jpg)
Urbina,
3994
![Page 3995: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3995.jpg)
Phys.
3995
![Page 3996: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3996.jpg)
Rev.
3996
![Page 3997: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3997.jpg)
Lett.
3997
![Page 3998: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3998.jpg)
89,
3998
![Page 3999: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/3999.jpg)
117901
3999
![Page 4000: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4000.jpg)
(2002).
4000
![Page 4001: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4001.jpg)
4001
![Page 4002: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4002.jpg)
[8]
4002
![Page 4003: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4003.jpg)
I.
4003
![Page 4004: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4004.jpg)
Chiorescu,
4004
![Page 4005: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4005.jpg)
Y.
4005
![Page 4006: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4006.jpg)
Nakamura,
4006
![Page 4007: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4007.jpg)
C.
4007
![Page 4008: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4008.jpg)
J.
4008
![Page 4009: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4009.jpg)
P.
4009
![Page 4010: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4010.jpg)
M.
4010
![Page 4011: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4011.jpg)
Harmans,
4011
![Page 4012: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4012.jpg)
and
4012
![Page 4013: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4013.jpg)
J.
4013
![Page 4014: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4014.jpg)
E.
4014
![Page 4015: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4015.jpg)
Mooij,
4015
![Page 4016: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4016.jpg)
Science
4016
![Page 4017: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4017.jpg)
299,
4017
![Page 4018: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4018.jpg)
1869
4018
![Page 4019: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4019.jpg)
(2003).
4019
![Page 4020: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4020.jpg)
4020
![Page 4021: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4021.jpg)
[9]
4021
![Page 4022: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4022.jpg)
Y.
4022
![Page 4023: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4023.jpg)
A.
4023
![Page 4024: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4024.jpg)
Pashkin,
4024
![Page 4025: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4025.jpg)
T.
4025
![Page 4026: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4026.jpg)
Yamamoto,
4026
![Page 4027: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4027.jpg)
O.
4027
![Page 4028: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4028.jpg)
Astafiev,
4028
![Page 4029: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4029.jpg)
Y.
4029
![Page 4030: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4030.jpg)
Nakamura,
4030
![Page 4031: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4031.jpg)
D.
4031
![Page 4032: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4032.jpg)
V.
4032
![Page 4033: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4033.jpg)
Averin,
4033
![Page 4034: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4034.jpg)
and
4034
![Page 4035: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4035.jpg)
J.
4035
![Page 4036: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4036.jpg)
S.
4036
![Page 4037: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4037.jpg)
Tsai,
4037
![Page 4038: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4038.jpg)
Nature
4038
![Page 4039: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4039.jpg)
(London)
4039
![Page 4040: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4040.jpg)
421,
4040
![Page 4041: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4041.jpg)
823
4041
![Page 4042: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4042.jpg)
(2003);
4042
![Page 4043: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4043.jpg)
T.
4043
![Page 4044: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4044.jpg)
Yamamoto,
4044
![Page 4045: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4045.jpg)
Yu.
4045
![Page 4046: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4046.jpg)
A.
4046
![Page 4047: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4047.jpg)
Pashkin,
4047
![Page 4048: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4048.jpg)
O.
4048
![Page 4049: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4049.jpg)
Astafiev,
4049
![Page 4050: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4050.jpg)
Y.
4050
![Page 4051: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4051.jpg)
Nakamura,
4051
![Page 4052: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4052.jpg)
and
4052
![Page 4053: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4053.jpg)
J.
4053
![Page 4054: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4054.jpg)
S.
4054
![Page 4055: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4055.jpg)
Tsai,
4055
![Page 4056: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4056.jpg)
ibid.,
4056
![Page 4057: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4057.jpg)
425,
4057
![Page 4058: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4058.jpg)
941
4058
![Page 4059: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4059.jpg)
(2003).
4059
![Page 4060: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4060.jpg)
4060
![Page 4061: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4061.jpg)
[10]
4061
![Page 4062: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4062.jpg)
A.
4062
![Page 4063: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4063.jpg)
J.
4063
![Page 4064: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4064.jpg)
Berkley,
4064
![Page 4065: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4065.jpg)
H.
4065
![Page 4066: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4066.jpg)
Xu,
4066
![Page 4067: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4067.jpg)
R.
4067
![Page 4068: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4068.jpg)
C.
4068
![Page 4069: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4069.jpg)
Ramos,
4069
![Page 4070: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4070.jpg)
M.
4070
![Page 4071: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4071.jpg)
A.
4071
![Page 4072: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4072.jpg)
Gubrud,
4072
![Page 4073: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4073.jpg)
F.
4073
![Page 4074: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4074.jpg)
W.
4074
![Page 4075: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4075.jpg)
Strauch,
4075
![Page 4076: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4076.jpg)
P.
4076
![Page 4077: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4077.jpg)
R.
4077
![Page 4078: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4078.jpg)
Johnson,
4078
![Page 4079: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4079.jpg)
J.
4079
![Page 4080: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4080.jpg)
R.
4080
![Page 4081: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4081.jpg)
Anderson,
4081
![Page 4082: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4082.jpg)
A.
4082
![Page 4083: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4083.jpg)
J.
4083
![Page 4084: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4084.jpg)
Dragt,
4084
![Page 4085: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4085.jpg)
C.
4085
![Page 4086: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4086.jpg)
J.
4086
![Page 4087: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4087.jpg)
Lobb,
4087
![Page 4088: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4088.jpg)
and
4088
![Page 4089: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4089.jpg)
F.
4089
![Page 4090: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4090.jpg)
C.
4090
![Page 4091: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4091.jpg)
Wellstood,
4091
![Page 4092: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4092.jpg)
Science
4092
![Page 4093: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4093.jpg)
300,
4093
![Page 4094: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4094.jpg)
1548
4094
![Page 4095: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4095.jpg)
(2003).
4095
![Page 4096: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4096.jpg)
4096
![Page 4097: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4097.jpg)
[11]
4097
![Page 4098: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4098.jpg)
A.
4098
![Page 4099: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4099.jpg)
Izmalkov,
4099
![Page 4100: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4100.jpg)
M.
4100
![Page 4101: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4101.jpg)
Grajcar,
4101
![Page 4102: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4102.jpg)
E.
4102
![Page 4103: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4103.jpg)
Il’ichev,
4103
![Page 4104: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4104.jpg)
Th.
4104
![Page 4105: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4105.jpg)
Wagner,
4105
![Page 4106: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4106.jpg)
H.-
4106
![Page 4107: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4107.jpg)
G.
4107
![Page 4108: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4108.jpg)
Meyer,
4108
![Page 4109: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4109.jpg)
A.
4109
![Page 4110: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4110.jpg)
Yu.
4110
![Page 4111: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4111.jpg)
Smirnov,
4111
![Page 4112: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4112.jpg)
M.
4112
![Page 4113: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4113.jpg)
H.
4113
![Page 4114: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4114.jpg)
S.
4114
![Page 4115: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4115.jpg)
Amin,
4115
![Page 4116: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4116.jpg)
A.
4116
![Page 4117: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4117.jpg)
M.
4117
![Page 4118: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4118.jpg)
van
4118
![Page 4119: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4119.jpg)
den
4119
![Page 4120: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4120.jpg)
Brink,
4120
![Page 4121: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4121.jpg)
and
4121
![Page 4122: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4122.jpg)
A.
4122
![Page 4123: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4123.jpg)
M.
4123
![Page 4124: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4124.jpg)
Zagoskin,
4124
![Page 4125: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4125.jpg)
Phys.
4125
![Page 4126: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4126.jpg)
Rev.
4126
![Page 4127: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4127.jpg)
Lett.
4127
![Page 4128: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4128.jpg)
93,
4128
![Page 4129: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4129.jpg)
037003
4129
![Page 4130: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4130.jpg)
(2004).
4130
![Page 4131: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4131.jpg)
4131
![Page 4132: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4132.jpg)
[12]
4132
![Page 4133: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4133.jpg)
I.
4133
![Page 4134: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4134.jpg)
Chiorescu,
4134
![Page 4135: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4135.jpg)
P.
4135
![Page 4136: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4136.jpg)
Bertet,
4136
![Page 4137: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4137.jpg)
K.
4137
![Page 4138: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4138.jpg)
Semba,
4138
![Page 4139: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4139.jpg)
Y.
4139
![Page 4140: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4140.jpg)
Nakamura,
4140
![Page 4141: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4141.jpg)
C.
4141
![Page 4142: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4142.jpg)
J.
4142
![Page 4143: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4143.jpg)
P.
4143
![Page 4144: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4144.jpg)
M.
4144
![Page 4145: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4145.jpg)
Harmans,
4145
![Page 4146: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4146.jpg)
and
4146
![Page 4147: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4147.jpg)
J.
4147
![Page 4148: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4148.jpg)
E.
4148
![Page 4149: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4149.jpg)
Mooij,
4149
![Page 4150: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4150.jpg)
Nature
4150
![Page 4151: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4151.jpg)
(London)
4151
![Page 4152: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4152.jpg)
431,
4152
![Page 4153: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4153.jpg)
159
4153
![Page 4154: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4154.jpg)
(2004).
4154
![Page 4155: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4155.jpg)
4155
![Page 4156: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4156.jpg)
[13]
4156
![Page 4157: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4157.jpg)
F.
4157
![Page 4158: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4158.jpg)
Plastina
4158
![Page 4159: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4159.jpg)
and
4159
![Page 4160: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4160.jpg)
G.
4160
![Page 4161: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4161.jpg)
Falci,
4161
![Page 4162: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4162.jpg)
Phys.
4162
![Page 4163: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4163.jpg)
Rev.
4163
![Page 4164: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4164.jpg)
B
4164
![Page 4165: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4165.jpg)
67,
4165
![Page 4166: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4166.jpg)
224514
4166
![Page 4167: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4167.jpg)
(2003).
4167
![Page 4168: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4168.jpg)
4168
![Page 4169: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4169.jpg)
[14]
4169
![Page 4170: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4170.jpg)
A.
4170
![Page 4171: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4171.jpg)
Blais,
4171
![Page 4172: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4172.jpg)
A.
4172
![Page 4173: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4173.jpg)
M.
4173
![Page 4174: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4174.jpg)
van
4174
![Page 4175: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4175.jpg)
den
4175
![Page 4176: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4176.jpg)
Brink,
4176
![Page 4177: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4177.jpg)
and
4177
![Page 4178: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4178.jpg)
A.
4178
![Page 4179: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4179.jpg)
M.
4179
![Page 4180: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4180.jpg)
Zagoskin,
4180
![Page 4181: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4181.jpg)
Phys.
4181
![Page 4182: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4182.jpg)
Rev.
4182
![Page 4183: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4183.jpg)
Lett.
4183
![Page 4184: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4184.jpg)
90,
4184
![Page 4185: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4185.jpg)
127901
4185
![Page 4186: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4186.jpg)
(2003).
4186
![Page 4187: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4187.jpg)
4187
![Page 4188: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4188.jpg)
[15]
4188
![Page 4189: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4189.jpg)
X.
4189
![Page 4190: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4190.jpg)
Zhou,
4190
![Page 4191: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4191.jpg)
M.
4191
![Page 4192: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4192.jpg)
Wulf,
4192
![Page 4193: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4193.jpg)
Z-
4193
![Page 4194: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4194.jpg)
W.
4194
![Page 4195: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4195.jpg)
Zhou,
4195
![Page 4196: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4196.jpg)
G-
4196
![Page 4197: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4197.jpg)
C.
4197
![Page 4198: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4198.jpg)
Guo,
4198
![Page 4199: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4199.jpg)
and
4199
![Page 4200: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4200.jpg)
M.
4200
![Page 4201: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4201.jpg)
J.
4201
![Page 4202: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4202.jpg)
Feldman,
4202
![Page 4203: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4203.jpg)
Phys.
4203
![Page 4204: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4204.jpg)
Rev.
4204
![Page 4205: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4205.jpg)
A
4205
![Page 4206: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4206.jpg)
69,
4206
![Page 4207: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4207.jpg)
030301R
4207
![Page 4208: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4208.jpg)
(2004).
4208
![Page 4209: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4209.jpg)
4209
![Page 4210: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4210.jpg)
[16]
4210
![Page 4211: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4211.jpg)
A.
4211
![Page 4212: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4212.jpg)
Blais,
4212
![Page 4213: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4213.jpg)
R-
4213
![Page 4214: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4214.jpg)
S.
4214
![Page 4215: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4215.jpg)
Huang,
4215
![Page 4216: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4216.jpg)
A.
4216
![Page 4217: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4217.jpg)
Wallraff,
4217
![Page 4218: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4218.jpg)
S.
4218
![Page 4219: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4219.jpg)
M.
4219
![Page 4220: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4220.jpg)
Girvin,
4220
![Page 4221: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4221.jpg)
and
4221
![Page 4222: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4222.jpg)
R.
4222
![Page 4223: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4223.jpg)
J.
4223
![Page 4224: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4224.jpg)
Schoelkopf,
4224
![Page 4225: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4225.jpg)
Phys.
4225
![Page 4226: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4226.jpg)
Rev.
4226
![Page 4227: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4227.jpg)
A
4227
![Page 4228: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4228.jpg)
69,
4228
![Page 4229: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4229.jpg)
062320
4229
![Page 4230: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4230.jpg)
(2004).
4230
![Page 4231: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4231.jpg)
4231
![Page 4232: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4232.jpg)
[17]
4232
![Page 4233: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4233.jpg)
A.
4233
![Page 4234: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4234.jpg)
Wallraff,
4234
![Page 4235: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4235.jpg)
D.
4235
![Page 4236: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4236.jpg)
I.
4236
![Page 4237: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4237.jpg)
Schuster,
4237
![Page 4238: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4238.jpg)
A.
4238
![Page 4239: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4239.jpg)
Blais,
4239
![Page 4240: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4240.jpg)
L.
4240
![Page 4241: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4241.jpg)
Frunzio,
4241
![Page 4242: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4242.jpg)
R-
4242
![Page 4243: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4243.jpg)
S.
4243
![Page 4244: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4244.jpg)
Huang,
4244
![Page 4245: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4245.jpg)
J.
4245
![Page 4246: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4246.jpg)
Majer,
4246
![Page 4247: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4247.jpg)
S.
4247
![Page 4248: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4248.jpg)
Kumar,
4248
![Page 4249: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4249.jpg)
S.
4249
![Page 4250: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4250.jpg)
M.
4250
![Page 4251: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4251.jpg)
Girvin,
4251
![Page 4252: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4252.jpg)
and
4252
![Page 4253: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4253.jpg)
R.
4253
![Page 4254: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4254.jpg)
J.
4254
![Page 4255: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4255.jpg)
Schoelkopf,
4255
![Page 4256: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4256.jpg)
Nature
4256
![Page 4257: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4257.jpg)
(London)
4257
![Page 4258: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4258.jpg)
431,
4258
![Page 4259: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4259.jpg)
162
4259
![Page 4260: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4260.jpg)
(2004).
4260
![Page 4261: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4261.jpg)
4261
![Page 4262: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4262.jpg)
[18]
4262
![Page 4263: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4263.jpg)
H.
4263
![Page 4264: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4264.jpg)
Xu,
4264
![Page 4265: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4265.jpg)
F.
4265
![Page 4266: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4266.jpg)
W.
4266
![Page 4267: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4267.jpg)
Strauch,
4267
![Page 4268: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4268.jpg)
S.
4268
![Page 4269: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4269.jpg)
Dutta,
4269
![Page 4270: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4270.jpg)
P.
4270
![Page 4271: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4271.jpg)
R.
4271
![Page 4272: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4272.jpg)
Johnson,
4272
![Page 4273: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4273.jpg)
R.
4273
![Page 4274: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4274.jpg)
C.
4274
![Page 4275: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4275.jpg)
Ramos,
4275
![Page 4276: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4276.jpg)
A.
4276
![Page 4277: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4277.jpg)
J.
4277
![Page 4278: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4278.jpg)
Berkley,
4278
![Page 4279: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4279.jpg)
H.
4279
![Page 4280: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4280.jpg)
Paik,
4280
![Page 4281: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4281.jpg)
J.
4281
![Page 4282: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4282.jpg)
R.
4282
![Page 4283: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4283.jpg)
Anderson,
4283
![Page 4284: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4284.jpg)
A.
4284
![Page 4285: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4285.jpg)
J.
4285
![Page 4286: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4286.jpg)
Dragt,
4286
![Page 4287: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4287.jpg)
C.
4287
![Page 4288: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4288.jpg)
J.
4288
![Page 4289: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4289.jpg)
Lobb,
4289
![Page 4290: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4290.jpg)
and
4290
![Page 4291: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4291.jpg)
F.
4291
![Page 4292: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4292.jpg)
C.
4292
![Page 4293: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4293.jpg)
Wellstood,
4293
![Page 4294: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4294.jpg)
Phys.
4294
![Page 4295: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4295.jpg)
Rev.
4295
![Page 4296: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4296.jpg)
Lett.
4296
![Page 4297: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4297.jpg)
94,
4297
![Page 4298: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4298.jpg)
027003
4298
![Page 4299: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4299.jpg)
(2005).
4299
![Page 4300: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4300.jpg)
4300
![Page 4301: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4301.jpg)
[19]
4301
![Page 4302: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4302.jpg)
A.
4302
![Page 4303: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4303.jpg)
M.
4303
![Page 4304: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4304.jpg)
Kadin,
4304
![Page 4305: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4305.jpg)
“Introduction
4305
![Page 4306: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4306.jpg)
to
4306
![Page 4307: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4307.jpg)
superconducting
4307
![Page 4308: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4308.jpg)
circuits,”
4308
![Page 4309: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4309.jpg)
Wiley-
4309
![Page 4310: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4310.jpg)
Interscience,
4310
![Page 4311: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4311.jpg)
1999.
4311
![Page 4312: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4312.jpg)
4312
![Page 4313: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4313.jpg)
[20]
4313
![Page 4314: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4314.jpg)
B.
4314
![Page 4315: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4315.jpg)
A.
4315
![Page 4316: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4316.jpg)
Mazin,
4316
![Page 4317: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4317.jpg)
P.
4317
![Page 4318: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4318.jpg)
K.
4318
![Page 4319: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4319.jpg)
Day,
4319
![Page 4320: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4320.jpg)
H.
4320
![Page 4321: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4321.jpg)
G.
4321
![Page 4322: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4322.jpg)
LeDuc,
4322
![Page 4323: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4323.jpg)
A.
4323
![Page 4324: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4324.jpg)
Vayonakis,
4324
![Page 4325: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4325.jpg)
and
4325
![Page 4326: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4326.jpg)
J.
4326
![Page 4327: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4327.jpg)
Zmuidzinas,
4327
![Page 4328: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4328.jpg)
Proc.
4328
![Page 4329: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4329.jpg)
SPIE
4329
![Page 4330: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4330.jpg)
4849,
4330
![Page 4331: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4331.jpg)
283
4331
![Page 4332: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4332.jpg)
(2002).
4332
![Page 4333: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4333.jpg)
4333
![Page 4334: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4334.jpg)
[21]
4334
![Page 4335: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4335.jpg)
P.
4335
![Page 4336: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4336.jpg)
K.
4336
![Page 4337: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4337.jpg)
Day,
4337
![Page 4338: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4338.jpg)
H.
4338
![Page 4339: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4339.jpg)
G.
4339
![Page 4340: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4340.jpg)
Leduc,
4340
![Page 4341: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4341.jpg)
B.
4341
![Page 4342: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4342.jpg)
A.
4342
![Page 4343: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4343.jpg)
Mazin,
4343
![Page 4344: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4344.jpg)
A.
4344
![Page 4345: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4345.jpg)
Vayonakis,
4345
![Page 4346: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4346.jpg)
and
4346
![Page 4347: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4347.jpg)
J.
4347
![Page 4348: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4348.jpg)
Zmuidzinas,
4348
![Page 4349: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4349.jpg)
Nature
4349
![Page 4350: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4350.jpg)
425,
4350
![Page 4351: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4351.jpg)
817
4351
![Page 4352: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4352.jpg)
(2003).
4352
![Page 4353: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4353.jpg)
4353
![Page 4354: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4354.jpg)
[22]
4354
![Page 4355: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4355.jpg)
N.
4355
![Page 4356: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4356.jpg)
Rando,
4356
![Page 4357: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4357.jpg)
P.
4357
![Page 4358: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4358.jpg)
Videler,
4358
![Page 4359: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4359.jpg)
A.
4359
![Page 4360: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4360.jpg)
Peacock,
4360
![Page 4361: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4361.jpg)
A.
4361
![Page 4362: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4362.jpg)
van
4362
![Page 4363: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4363.jpg)
Dordrecht,
4363
![Page 4364: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4364.jpg)
P.
4364
![Page 4365: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4365.jpg)
Verhoeve,
4365
![Page 4366: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4366.jpg)
R.
4366
![Page 4367: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4367.jpg)
Venn,
4367
![Page 4368: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4368.jpg)
A.
4368
![Page 4369: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4369.jpg)
C.
4369
![Page 4370: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4370.jpg)
Wright,
4370
![Page 4371: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4371.jpg)
and
4371
![Page 4372: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4372.jpg)
J.
4372
![Page 4373: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4373.jpg)
Lumley,
4373
![Page 4374: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4374.jpg)
J.
4374
![Page 4375: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4375.jpg)
Appl.
4375
![Page 4376: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4376.jpg)
Phys.
4376
![Page 4377: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4377.jpg)
77,
4377
![Page 4378: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4378.jpg)
4099
4378
![Page 4379: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4379.jpg)
(1995).
4379
![Page 4380: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4380.jpg)
4380
![Page 4381: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4381.jpg)
[23]
4381
![Page 4382: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4382.jpg)
J.
4382
![Page 4383: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4383.jpg)
I.
4383
![Page 4384: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4384.jpg)
Cirac
4384
![Page 4385: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4385.jpg)
and
4385
![Page 4386: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4386.jpg)
P.
4386
![Page 4387: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4387.jpg)
Zoller,
4387
![Page 4388: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4388.jpg)
Phys.
4388
![Page 4389: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4389.jpg)
Rev.
4389
![Page 4390: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4390.jpg)
Lett.
4390
![Page 4391: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4391.jpg)
74,
4391
![Page 4392: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4392.jpg)
4091
4392
![Page 4393: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4393.jpg)
(1995).
4393
![Page 4394: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4394.jpg)
4394
![Page 4395: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4395.jpg)
[24]
4395
![Page 4396: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4396.jpg)
T.
4396
![Page 4397: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4397.jpg)
P.
4397
![Page 4398: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4398.jpg)
Orlando,
4398
![Page 4399: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4399.jpg)
J.
4399
![Page 4400: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4400.jpg)
E.
4400
![Page 4401: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4401.jpg)
Mooij,
4401
![Page 4402: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4402.jpg)
L.
4402
![Page 4403: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4403.jpg)
Tian,
4403
![Page 4404: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4404.jpg)
C.
4404
![Page 4405: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4405.jpg)
H.
4405
![Page 4406: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4406.jpg)
van
4406
![Page 4407: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4407.jpg)
der
4407
![Page 4408: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4408.jpg)
Wal,
4408
![Page 4409: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4409.jpg)
L.
4409
![Page 4410: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4410.jpg)
S.
4410
![Page 4411: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4411.jpg)
Levitov,
4411
![Page 4412: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4412.jpg)
S.
4412
![Page 4413: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4413.jpg)
Lloyd,
4413
![Page 4414: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4414.jpg)
and
4414
![Page 4415: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4415.jpg)
J.
4415
![Page 4416: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4416.jpg)
J.
4416
![Page 4417: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4417.jpg)
Mazo,
4417
![Page 4418: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4418.jpg)
Phys.
4418
![Page 4419: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4419.jpg)
Rev.
4419
![Page 4420: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4420.jpg)
B.
4420
![Page 4421: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4421.jpg)
60,
4421
![Page 4422: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4422.jpg)
15398
4422
![Page 4423: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4423.jpg)
(1999).
4423
![Page 4424: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4424.jpg)
4424
![Page 4425: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4425.jpg)
[25]
4425
![Page 4426: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4426.jpg)
J.
4426
![Page 4427: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4427.jpg)
Q.
4427
![Page 4428: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4428.jpg)
You,
4428
![Page 4429: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4429.jpg)
C-
4429
![Page 4430: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4430.jpg)
H.
4430
![Page 4431: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4431.jpg)
Lam,
4431
![Page 4432: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4432.jpg)
and
4432
![Page 4433: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4433.jpg)
H.
4433
![Page 4434: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4434.jpg)
Z.
4434
![Page 4435: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4435.jpg)
Zheng,
4435
![Page 4436: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4436.jpg)
Phys.
4436
![Page 4437: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4437.jpg)
Rev.
4437
![Page 4438: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4438.jpg)
B
4438
![Page 4439: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4439.jpg)
63,
4439
![Page 4440: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4440.jpg)
180501R
4440
![Page 4441: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4441.jpg)
(2001).
4441
![Page 4442: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4442.jpg)
J.
4442
![Page 4443: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4443.jpg)
Q.
4443
![Page 4444: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4444.jpg)
You,
4444
![Page 4445: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4445.jpg)
J.
4445
![Page 4446: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4446.jpg)
S.
4446
![Page 4447: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4447.jpg)
Tsai,
4447
![Page 4448: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4448.jpg)
and
4448
![Page 4449: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4449.jpg)
F.
4449
![Page 4450: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4450.jpg)
Nori,
4450
![Page 4451: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4451.jpg)
Phys.
4451
![Page 4452: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4452.jpg)
Rev.
4452
![Page 4453: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4453.jpg)
Lett.
4453
![Page 4454: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4454.jpg)
89,
4454
![Page 4455: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4455.jpg)
197902
4455
![Page 4456: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4456.jpg)
(2002).
4456
![Page 4457: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4457.jpg)
4457
![Page 4458: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4458.jpg)
[26]
4458
![Page 4459: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4459.jpg)
Notice
4459
![Page 4460: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4460.jpg)
as
4460
![Page 4461: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4461.jpg)
mentioned
4461
![Page 4462: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4462.jpg)
earlier
4462
![Page 4463: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4463.jpg)
K2
4463
![Page 4464: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4464.jpg)
is
4464
![Page 4465: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4465.jpg)
not
4465
![Page 4466: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4466.jpg)
necessarily
4466
![Page 4467: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4467.jpg)
the
4467
![Page 4468: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4468.jpg)
ratio
4468
![Page 4469: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4469.jpg)
of
4469
![Page 4470: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4470.jpg)
junction
4470
![Page 4471: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4471.jpg)
sizes
4471
![Page 4472: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4472.jpg)
since
4472
![Page 4473: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4473.jpg)
magnetic
4473
![Page 4474: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4474.jpg)
suppression
4474
![Page 4475: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4475.jpg)
of
4475
![Page 4476: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4476.jpg)
critical
4476
![Page 4477: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4477.jpg)
currents
4477
![Page 4478: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4478.jpg)
is
4478
![Page 4479: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4479.jpg)
usually
4479
![Page 4480: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4480.jpg)
needed.
4480
![Page 4481: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4481.jpg)
4481
![Page 4482: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4482.jpg)
[27]
4482
![Page 4483: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4483.jpg)
P.
4483
![Page 4484: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4484.jpg)
Jordan
4484
![Page 4485: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4485.jpg)
and
4485
![Page 4486: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4486.jpg)
E.
4486
![Page 4487: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4487.jpg)
Wigner,
4487
![Page 4488: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4488.jpg)
Z.
4488
![Page 4489: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4489.jpg)
Phys.
4489
![Page 4490: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4490.jpg)
47,
4490
![Page 4491: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4491.jpg)
631
4491
![Page 4492: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4492.jpg)
(1928).
4492
![Page 4493: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4493.jpg)
4493
![Page 4494: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4494.jpg)
[28]
4494
![Page 4495: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4495.jpg)
J.
4495
![Page 4496: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4496.jpg)
E.
4496
![Page 4497: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4497.jpg)
Mooij,
4497
![Page 4498: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4498.jpg)
T.
4498
![Page 4499: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4499.jpg)
P.
4499
![Page 4500: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4500.jpg)
Orlando,
4500
![Page 4501: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4501.jpg)
L.
4501
![Page 4502: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4502.jpg)
Levitov,
4502
![Page 4503: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4503.jpg)
L.
4503
![Page 4504: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4504.jpg)
Tian,
4504
![Page 4505: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4505.jpg)
C.
4505
![Page 4506: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4506.jpg)
H.
4506
![Page 4507: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4507.jpg)
van
4507
![Page 4508: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4508.jpg)
der
4508
![Page 4509: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4509.jpg)
Wal,
4509
![Page 4510: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4510.jpg)
and
4510
![Page 4511: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4511.jpg)
S.Lloyd,
4511
![Page 4512: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4512.jpg)
Science
4512
![Page 4513: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4513.jpg)
285,
4513
![Page 4514: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4514.jpg)
1036
4514
![Page 4515: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4515.jpg)
(1999).
4515
![Page 4516: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4516.jpg)
4516
![Page 4517: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4517.jpg)
[29]
4517
![Page 4518: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4518.jpg)
T.
4518
![Page 4519: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4519.jpg)
V.
4519
![Page 4520: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4520.jpg)
Filippov,
4520
![Page 4521: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4521.jpg)
S.
4521
![Page 4522: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4522.jpg)
K.
4522
![Page 4523: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4523.jpg)
Tolpygo,
4523
![Page 4524: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4524.jpg)
J.
4524
![Page 4525: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4525.jpg)
Mannik,
4525
![Page 4526: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4526.jpg)
and
4526
![Page 4527: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4527.jpg)
J.
4527
![Page 4528: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4528.jpg)
E.
4528
![Page 4529: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4529.jpg)
Lukens,
4529
![Page 4530: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4530.jpg)
IEEE
4530
![Page 4531: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4531.jpg)
Trans.
4531
![Page 4532: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4532.jpg)
Appl.
4532
![Page 4533: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4533.jpg)
Supercond.
4533
![Page 4534: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4534.jpg)
13,
4534
![Page 4535: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4535.jpg)
1005
4535
![Page 4536: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4536.jpg)
(2003).
4536
![Page 4537: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4537.jpg)
4537
![Page 4538: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4538.jpg)
[30]
4538
![Page 4539: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4539.jpg)
R.
4539
![Page 4540: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4540.jpg)
H.
4540
![Page 4541: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4541.jpg)
McKenzie,
4541
![Page 4542: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4542.jpg)
C.
4542
![Page 4543: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4543.jpg)
J.
4543
![Page 4544: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4544.jpg)
Hamer,
4544
![Page 4545: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4545.jpg)
and
4545
![Page 4546: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4546.jpg)
D.
4546
![Page 4547: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4547.jpg)
W.
4547
![Page 4548: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4548.jpg)
Murray,
4548
![Page 4549: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4549.jpg)
Phys.
4549
![Page 4550: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4550.jpg)
Rev.
4550
![Page 4551: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4551.jpg)
B.
4551
![Page 4552: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4552.jpg)
53,
4552
![Page 4553: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4553.jpg)
9676
4553
![Page 4554: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4554.jpg)
(1996).
4554
![Page 4555: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4555.jpg)
4555
![Page 4556: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4556.jpg)
[31]
4556
![Page 4557: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4557.jpg)
R.
4557
![Page 4558: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4558.jpg)
J.
4558
![Page 4559: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4559.jpg)
Bursill,
4559
![Page 4560: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4560.jpg)
R.
4560
![Page 4561: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4561.jpg)
H.
4561
![Page 4562: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4562.jpg)
McKenzie,
4562
![Page 4563: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4563.jpg)
and
4563
![Page 4564: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4564.jpg)
C.
4564
![Page 4565: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4565.jpg)
J.
4565
![Page 4566: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4566.jpg)
Hamer,
4566
![Page 4567: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4567.jpg)
Phys.
4567
![Page 4568: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4568.jpg)
Rev.
4568
![Page 4569: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4569.jpg)
Lett.
4569
![Page 4570: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4570.jpg)
80,
4570
![Page 4571: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4571.jpg)
5607
4571
![Page 4572: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4572.jpg)
(1998).
4572
![Page 4573: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4573.jpg)
4573
![Page 4574: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4574.jpg)
[32]
4574
![Page 4575: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4575.jpg)
J.
4575
![Page 4576: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4576.jpg)
K.
4576
![Page 4577: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4577.jpg)
Freericks,
4577
![Page 4578: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4578.jpg)
M.
4578
![Page 4579: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4579.jpg)
Jarrell,
4579
![Page 4580: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4580.jpg)
and
4580
![Page 4581: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4581.jpg)
G.
4581
![Page 4582: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4582.jpg)
D.
4582
![Page 4583: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4583.jpg)
Mahan,
4583
![Page 4584: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4584.jpg)
Phys.
4584
![Page 4585: arXiv:quant-ph/0605016v1 1 May 2006 · 2018. 11. 30. · 175. One 176. prac-177. ti-178. cal 179. prob-180. lem 181. of 182. solid 183. state 184. qubit 185. based 186. QED 187. is](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012000/6071b79cabf2531e15156985/html5/thumbnails/4585.jpg)
Rev.
4585
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Lett.
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77,
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(1996).
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