Art's Fluid Flow Data

50
Art Montemayor Valve Resistance to Flow November 24, 1997 Rev: 0 Page 1 of 50 Electronic FileName: document.xls WorkSheet: Durco Valves DURCO VALVES Standard SLEEVELINE model V-Port SLEEVELINE model Standard T-LINE model V-Port T-LINE model BIG MAX Butterfly model CHEMICAL Service Butterfly model Valve size, in Max. Cv K Valve size, in Max. Cv K Valve size, in Max. Cv K Valve size, in Max. Cv K Valve size, i Max. Cv K Valve size, i Max. Cv K 0.5 0.5 5.6 1.781728 0.8 0.8 12.0 1.964355 1.0 48.8 0.375403 1.0 27.2 1.208369 1.0 33.9 0.777926 1.0 23.3 1.646742 1.5 83.5 0.649127 1.5 31.3 4.619701 1.5 95.4 0.497286 1.5 39.6 2.886105 2.0 153.4 0.607865 2.0 53.8 4.941889 2.0 199.0 0.361203 2.0 43.8 7.456058 3.0 322 0.698411 3.0 121.0 4.945974 3.0 343.0 0.615509 3.0 66.3 16.47386 3.0 210.0 1.642041 3.0 172 2.447742 4.0 555 0.743005 4.0 190.0 6.339723 4.0 813.0 0.346255 4.0 415.0 1.328866 4.0 300 2.542933 6.0 955 1.270386 6.0 400.0 7.2414 6.0 1105.0 0.948895 6.0 1115.0 0.93195 6.0 670 2.581029 8.0 1410 1.841871 8.0 1424.0 1.805833 8.0 2020.0 0.897418 8.0 1190 2.585851 10.0 2130 1.970508 10.0 3230.0 0.856905 10.0 1830 2.669533 12.0 12.0 4825.0 0.796284 12.0 2650 2.639798 14.0 3430 2.919184 14.0 6800.0 0.742731 14.0 3690 2.522301 16.0 7000 1.195698 16.0 8800.0 0.756575 16.0 4842 2.499009 18.0 18.0 11500.0 0.70963 18.0 6129 2.498321 20.0 20.0 14000.0 0.729796 20.0 7566 2.498762 24.0 24.0 20500.0 0.705789 24.0 10895 2.49878 Durco SLEEVELINE non-lubricated plug valves are used as block valves and as 3-way directional valves. One style of the straightway model, V-PORT, has a triangular-shaped port that offers better control valve characteristics. The sleeve used is made of PTFE for positive shut-off, self-lubrication and extended service life. Another model is the T-LINE, which has the plug and all other wetted internal parts sleeved with PTFE as well as the plug proper itself. The Chemical service butterfly control valve is 100% PTFE- sleeved on all internal wetted parts.

description

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Transcript of Art's Fluid Flow Data

Page 1: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Valve Resistance to Flow November 24, 1997Rev: 0

Page 1 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Durco Valves

DURCO VALVES

Standard SLEEVELINE model V-Port SLEEVELINE model Standard T-LINE model V-Port T-LINE model BIG MAX Butterfly model CHEMICAL Service Butterfly model

Valve size, in Max. Cv K Valve size, in Max. Cv K Valve size, in Max. Cv K Valve size, in Max. Cv K Valve size, in Max. Cv K Valve size, in Max. Cv K

0.5 0.5 5.6 1.7817280.8 0.8 12.0 1.9643551.0 48.8 0.375403 1.0 27.2 1.208369 1.0 33.9 0.777926 1.0 23.3 1.6467421.5 83.5 0.649127 1.5 31.3 4.619701 1.5 95.4 0.497286 1.5 39.6 2.8861052.0 153.4 0.607865 2.0 53.8 4.941889 2.0 199.0 0.361203 2.0 43.8 7.4560583.0 322 0.698411 3.0 121.0 4.945974 3.0 343.0 0.615509 3.0 66.3 16.47386 3.0 210.0 1.642041 3.0 172 2.4477424.0 555 0.743005 4.0 190.0 6.339723 4.0 813.0 0.346255 4.0 415.0 1.328866 4.0 300 2.5429336.0 955 1.270386 6.0 400.0 7.2414 6.0 1105.0 0.948895 6.0 1115.0 0.93195 6.0 670 2.5810298.0 1410 1.841871 8.0 1424.0 1.805833 8.0 2020.0 0.897418 8.0 1190 2.585851

10.0 2130 1.970508 10.0 3230.0 0.856905 10.0 1830 2.66953312.0 12.0 4825.0 0.796284 12.0 2650 2.63979814.0 3430 2.919184 14.0 6800.0 0.742731 14.0 3690 2.52230116.0 7000 1.195698 16.0 8800.0 0.756575 16.0 4842 2.49900918.0 18.0 11500.0 0.70963 18.0 6129 2.49832120.0 20.0 14000.0 0.729796 20.0 7566 2.49876224.0 24.0 20500.0 0.705789 24.0 10895 2.49878

Durco SLEEVELINE non-lubricated plug valves are used as block valves and as 3-way directional valves. One style of the straightway model, V-PORT, has a triangular-shaped port that offers better control valve characteristics. The sleeve used is made of PTFE for positive shut-off, self-lubrication and extended service life.

Another model is the T-LINE, which has the plug and all other wetted internal parts sleeved with PTFE as well as the plug proper itself.

The Chemical service butterfly control valve is 100% PTFE-sleeved on all internal wetted parts.

Page 2: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Jamesbury Valves November 22, 1997

Page 2 of 36 Electronic File: document.xlsWorkSheet: Jamesbury Valves

SIZE, in inchesMODEL 0.25 0.375 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

CLINCHER, Type 2000; screwed 11 16 16 37 49 49 100 115

Style A DOUBLE-SEAL; screwed 8.3 8.3 8.3 14 35 55 94 115 350

Series 4000, REDUCED PORT 13 33 44 46 95 111

0.13 0.19 0.24 0.27 0.31

Type 5150 & 530S; flanged 9 19 45 125 165 350 690Floating Ball; flanged 765 1890 3900Trunnion model; flanged 1890 3900 6700 5100 8100 11000 16000

Typr 6150 & 6300; Full Port 50 100 270Floating Ball; Full Port 500 1330 2560 5600 10000Trunnion Model; Full Port 10000 16400 23800 27000 37000 47000 60000

3-Way Flanged Ball Valve 50 155 270 440 880 1500 2300

FIRE-TITE ButterflySeries F815W & F815L 165 400 950 1800 2900 4300 5800 8000 10500 14000Series F830W & F830L 165 400 950 1800 2900 4300 5200 6900 9300 11300

JAMESBURY Valves ---- Cv values

Series 4000, FULL PORT; Le in ft

This valve flow resistance data is taken from the Jamesbury Valve Catalog.Art Montemayor

Page 3: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Valve Flow Resistance November 24, 1997Rev: 0

Page 3 of 36 Electronic File: document.xlsWorkSheet: Orbit Valves

SIZE, in inchesMODEL 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

ANSI 150Regular Port; flanged 153 200 572 762 2090 4537 7513 13119 10129 21217 15167Full Port; flanged 49 123 439 1018 2080 4865 6905 11106 17148 30556 41551

ANSI 300Regular Port; flanged 160 243 610 760 1560 4513 7513 13119 10129 21217 15167Full Port; flanged 49 123 407 920 2080 4865 6778 11106 17148 30556 41551

ANSI 1500Regular Port; flanged 205 505 921 2081 3986 5912 11185Full Port; flanged 31 267 676 1359 2951 7301 11603 17030

ORBIT Valves --- Cv values

Source: Orbit Valve CatalogFor each Orbit valve there is a flow coefficient Cv. This is defined as the flow in gallons per minute of water at 60 oF with a pressure drop of 1 psi across the valve. By using the following simplified formulas, the pressure drop for a given set of flow conditions may be calculated:

FOR LIQUIDS: Dp = G(Q/Cv)2 FOR GASES: Dp = 541 x 10-9 (Q/Cv)2(GT/P)

Where, Dp = PSI drop across valve Dp = PSI drop across valve G = Specific gravity of liquid (water=1) G = Specific gravity (Air @ 14.7 psi & 60 oF = 1.0) Q = Flow in gpm T = Absolute temperature, oR Cv = Valve coefficient P = Line pressure, psia Q = Flow in SCFH (@ 14.7 psi & 60 oF) Cv = Valve coefficient

Page 4: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Valve FittingsResistance to Flow

November 24, 1997Rev: 0

Page 4 of 36 Electronic File: document.xlsWorkSheet: Vogt Valves

Me

ter

Glo

be

Me

ter

An

gle

Str

ain

ers

Y"

Pa

tte

rn

0.250 2.6 2.6 1.3 1.5 0.6 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.0 1.20.375 3.9 3.9 2.0 2.9 1.4 0.8 1.9 2.9 3.3 2.1 1.2 2.50.500 9.3 9.3 2.8 3.6 1.8 0.8 2.7 3.6 9.0 7.6 5.9 5.2 2.7 1.2 1.5 1.5 4.0 6.00.750 9.5 28.7 3.2 6.7 3.5 1.0 3.2 6.7 8.8 13.4 10.3 9.1 5.2 1.5 2.4 2.4 6.5 14.01.000 7.5 46.5 6.8 11.9 5.8 1.5 6.7 11.9 16.0 21.7 16.7 14.7 8.7 2.3 4.5 4.5 14.0 14.01.250 80.5 80.5 15.2 20.3 7.6 3.5 14.8 20.3 37.5 28.9 25.5 5.2 23.01.500 83.6 109.6 19.6 26.1 13.2 5.5 19.2 26.1 40.0 51.1 39.2 34.7 8.2 9.7 12.2 32.0 40.02.000 96.7 181.0 27.0 43.4 21.5 5.5 26.6 43.4 65.0 84.2 64.7 57.1 8.2 14.6 19.6 52.0 40.02.500 165.0 258.0 57.6 57.6 81.53.000 247.0 398.0 89.0 89.04.000 410.0 685.0 153.3 153.3

PIPE FITTINGS K

0.42Standard Elbow 0.90Long Sweep Elbow 0.60Medium Sweep Elbow 0.75Close Return Elbow 2.20Tee-Straight Flow 0.60Tee-Side Outlet Flow 1.80

TYPICAL PIPE-TANK RESISTANCES

VOGT Valves --- Cv values (Reference: VOGT Catalog F-12, 1980)

Valve Size

inches Co

mp

act

G

ate

Fu

ll P

ort

G

ate

Co

mp

act

G

lob

e

Fu

ll P

ort

G

lob

e

Ne

ed

le P

oin

t G

lob

e

Co

mp

act

C

he

ck

Fu

ll P

ort

ch

eck

Co

mp

act

S

win

g C

he

ck

Fu

ll P

ort

S

win

g C

he

ck

H.

& V

. C

he

ck

Fu

ll P

ort

A

ng

le

Ne

ed

le P

oin

t A

ng

le

12

44

3 F

low

C

on

tro

l

15

44

3 F

low

C

on

tro

l

45o Elbow

TYPICAL CV FACTORS FOR VOGT VALVES & STRAINERS(FOR ALL VALVES IN FULL-OPEN POSITION)

Page 5: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Valve FittingsResistance to Flow

November 24, 1997Rev: 0

Page 5 of 36 Electronic File: document.xlsWorkSheet: Vogt Valves

Entrance Loss: From Tank to PipeType of Resistance Illustration K

Flush Connection 0.50

Projecting Pipe 0.78

Slightly Rounded 0.23

Well Rounded 0.04

Exit Loss: From Pipe to Tank Any of the above, reversed 1.00

SUDDEN ("ABRUPT") CONTRACTIONd1/d2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

K 0.46 0.45 0.42 0.4 0.36 0.28 0.19 0.1 0.04

SUDDEN ("ABRUPT") EXPANSIONd1/d2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

K 0.98 0.92 0.83 0.71 0.56 0.41 0.28 0.13 0.04

d1

d2

d1

d2

Page 6: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Ball Valve Flow Resistance December 1, 1997Rev: 0

Page 6 of 36 Electronic File: document.xlsWorkSheet: KTM Ball Valves

0.50 260.75 50 10 1.51.00 94 30 61.50 260 40 102.00 480 50 152.50 750 60 223.00 1300 420 67.69 70 32.54.00 2300 770 66.52 80 506.00 5400 1800 66.67 90 758.00 10000 2500 75.00

10.00 16000 4500 71.8812.00 24000 8000 66.6714.00 31400 12000 61.7816.00 43000 14000 67.4418.00 57000 18000 68.4220.00 73000 22000 69.86

KTM Ball Valves --- Cv values

Valve Size

inches

Full Bore Ball Cv

Reduced Bore Ball

Cv

Percent Reduction in Flow by using reduced

bore

TYPICAL CV FACTORS FOR KTM BALL VALVES (FOR ALL VALVES IN FULL-OPEN POSITION)

KTM Ball Valves have inherent equal percentage flow characteristics and are ideally suited for control applications over the widest possible range of flow.

Equal percentage flow characteristics, in simple terms, means that a given percentage change in the valve opening will produce the same percentage change in flow.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

f(x) = 0.0002177698033 x³ − 0.0178147072226 x² + 0.7165546441862 x − 4.3458646616541R² = 0.999342722266189

KTM Ball Valves Cv Values

% of Ball Opening

% o

f M

ax

imu

m C

v

Page 7: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Valve Flow Resistance December 3, 1997Rev: 0

Page 7 of 36 Electronic File: document.xlsWorkSheet: Kitz Valves

Gate Globe

Sw

ing

Ch

eck

2 230 44 75 2 500 460 400 330 330 3003 530 105 175 180 1,350 195 1,150 180 1,050 187 935 187 830 150 7404 930 180 320 545 2,500 535 2,200 550 1,850 510 1,760 510 1,660 410 1,4606 2,380 446 740 790 5,300 765 5,290 745 4,460 740 4,405 740 4,100 590 2,6008 4,180 1,350 1,945 10,500 1,945 9,600 2,220 8,730 2,035 8,475 1,930 8,010 1,400 5,370

10 6,840 2,200 4,050 17,500 4,040 16,750 4,065 14,250 4,050 14,205 3,860 13,310 3,050 8,63012 9,690 3,600 6,900 26,300 7,100 25,500 7,050 22,550 7,025 21,430 6,670 17,070 5,350 12,50014 13,000 5,200 13,100 31,850 13,200 30,050 13,350 28,400 13,300 26,800 12,630 24,27516 17,380 7,000 14,600 43,300 14,580 41,700 14,300 38,150 14,200 36,700 13,490 33,21518 22,800 8,500 19,750 57,300 19,800 55,370 20,350 50,950 19,750 48,700 18,760 43,40020 28,500 9,800 27,750 74,500 28,050 72,300 28,300 65,600 27,300 62,500 20,470 55,93024 41,800 11,600 27,100 112,300 27,130 109,150 27,250 98,150 26,900 94,050 25,500 84,02530 68,000 39,700 179,300 39,800 171,200 40,750 158,90036 96,000 63,100 258,300 63,100 243,050 68,950 226,300

Cv VALUES FOR KITZ LOW-COST, ONE-PIECE, THREADED, CLASS 600, REDUCED BORE BALL VALVES ARE:

Size, in. 0.25 0.375 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2Cv 1.0 2.5 5.5 10.0 15.0 20.0 37.0 60.0

KITZ Valves --- Cv values

Valve Size

inchesT

run

nio

n B

all

Re

du

ced

B

ore

A

NS

I C

LA

SS

15

0

Tru

nn

ion

Ba

ll F

ull

Bo

re

A

NS

I C

LA

SS

15

0

Tru

nn

ion

Ba

ll R

ed

uce

d

Bo

re

AN

SI

CL

AS

S 3

00

Tru

nn

ion

Ba

ll F

ull

Bo

re

A

NS

I C

LA

SS

30

0

Tru

nn

ion

Ba

ll R

ed

uce

d

Bo

re

AN

SI

CL

AS

S 6

00

Tru

nn

ion

Ba

ll F

ull

Bo

re

A

NS

I C

LA

SS

60

0

Tru

nn

ion

Ba

ll R

ed

uce

d

Bo

re

AN

SI

CL

AS

S 9

00

Tru

nn

ion

Ba

ll F

ull

Bo

re

A

NS

I C

LA

SS

90

0

Tru

nn

ion

Ba

ll R

ed

uce

d

Bo

re

AN

SI

CL

AS

S 1

50

0

Tru

nn

ion

Ba

ll F

ull

Bo

re

A

NS

I C

LA

SS

15

00

Tru

nn

ion

Ba

ll R

ed

uce

d

Bo

re

AN

SI

CL

AS

S 2

50

0

Tru

nn

ion

Ba

ll F

ull

Bo

re

A

NS

I C

LA

SS

25

00

TYPICAL CV FACTORS FOR KITZ VALVES (FOR ALL VALVES IN FULL-OPEN POSITION)

From Zidell Valve Corp.-Stafford, TX & KITZ catalog No. 510-E

Page 8: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Marlin/Crane Check Valves Feb 16, 1999Rev: 0

Page 8 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Marlin Check Valves

Marlin Style M High Performance Dual Disc Check ValvesSource: Marlin Catalog # MC - 196

Valve Size, In. Liquid Cv Value

2 54.32.5 82.13 139.34 271.35 482.56 7258 1509

10 264012 407514 530316 734018 994020 1296024 2050030 3720036 5900042 9200048 12600054 18600060 21700066 28000072 325000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000f(x) = 8.94007767577948 x^2.45814602012357R² = 0.999462670255158

Marlin Check Valves

Nominal Valve Size, Inches

Cv

Val

ue

for

Liq

uid

02/16/99 As per Carlos Davila, Marlin/Crane Valves; Montgomery, TX: The "Cracking Pressure" required for Marlin Valves with standard springs is 6" WC and for valves with special, low torque it is 3.5" WC.

Note: These are very low pressure drop, wafer type of valves that require little "cracking" pressure to start to open.

Page 9: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Velan ValvesCv Flow Coefficients

July 27, 1998Rev: 0

Page 9 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Velan Valves

150-800 900-1500 150-1500 150-800 900-1500 150-800 1500-2500 1500-2680 4500 150-800 600-2680 150-800 900-1500 Reduced Port Full Port Reduced Port Full Port Reduced Port Only

1/2 7 14 14 3 3 2.5 5 7 4 9 7 2 2 12 8 26 93/4 14 14 22 4 4 3.5 7 8 7 10 8 3 4 50 13.5 75 151 30 30 34 6 8 6 9 12 9 22 12 6 9 100 34 103 38

1-1/2 100 100 110 14 19 12 34 25 23 55 25 14 21 250 65 206 1252 160 160 200 33 29 28 38 60 47 82 60 25 25 130 430 104 322 165

2-1/2 7203 250 1020 200 760 2504 540 2000 720 5406 770 55008 1900 9800

10 3900 1640012 6700 2380014 5200 2750016 8050 3600018 12500 4600020 15500 5700024 27000 75000

Size Inches

Gate Valve Reduced Port

Gate Valve Full

PortGlobe Valves

St'd DesignGlobe Valves

Bellows SealGlobe Valves

Y - PatternSwing Check

Valves

Piston Check Valves

(Inclined)

Piston Check Valves

(Vertical)

Ball Valves Split Body

SB-150/300/600

Ball Valves Top-Entry Body

SB-150/300/600

Ball Valves Unibody

UB-150/300

Sources of Flow Coefficient (Cv) values: Velan Catalogs #VEL-SFV-96 & #VEL-BV-97

Page 10: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Fittings' Losses

FRICTION LOSS IN STANDARD VALVES AND FITTINGSTable gives equivalent lengths in feet of straight pipe

December 1, 1997REV 0

Page 10 of 36 Electronic File: document.xlsWorkSheet: Fittings' Losses

TYPE OF FITTINGNOMINAL PIPE DIAMETER, INCHES

1/2" 3/4" 1" 1-1/4" 1-1/2" 2" 2-1/2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 8" 10"

Gate Valve, 100% open 0.35 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.5 4.5 5.7Globe Valve, 100% open 17.0 22.0 27.0 38.0 44.0 53.0 68.0 80.0 120.0 140.0 170.0 220.0 280.0Angle Valve, 100% open 8.0 12.0 14.0 18.0 22.0 28.0 33.0 42.0 53.0 70.0 84.0 120.0 140.0Standard Elbow 1.5 2.2 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.2 6.5 8.0 11.0 14.0 16.0 21.0 26.0Medium Sweep Elbow 1.3 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.6 4.6 5.5 7.0 9.0 12.0 14.0 18.0 22.0Long Sweep Elbow 1.0 1.3 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.5 4.3 5.2 7.0 9.0 11.0 14.0 17.0Tee (straight run) 1.0 1.3 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.5 4.3 5.2 7.0 9.0 11.0 14.0 17.0Tee (branch run) 3.2 4.5 5.7 7.5 9.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 22.0 27.0 33.0 43.0 53.0Return Bend 3.5 5.0 6.0 8.5 10.0 13.0 15.0 18.0 24.0 30.0 37.0 50.0 63.0

Source of data: Viking Pump Catalog Section 510 - Engineering Data Page 510.12; Issue C; Figure 11

NOTE: It is unclear what is meant by "Standard", "Medium Sweep" & "Long Sweep" Elbows. The pipe fitting industry supplies two basic Elbow geometries:

1) Short Radius Elbow: R/D = 1.0 (based on nominal, not specific, dimensions) 2) Long Radius Elbow: R/D = 1.5 (based on nominal, not specific, dimensions)

Where, R = Radius of the Elbow curvature (nominal size) D = Nominal diameter of the Elbow (nominal size)

Checking out other fittings' resistance data, it is established that Standard Elbow = Short Radius Elbow Long Sweep Elbow = Long Radius Elbow Medium Sweep Elbow = ? unknown ?

Page 11: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF VALVES AND FITTINGS IN FEETSource: Rules of Thumb for Chem. Engrs; C.R. Branan; Gulf Publ.; p. 3

March 11, 1998Rev: 0

Page 11 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Equiv. Lengths #1

No

min

al

Pip

e s

ize

, in

.

An

gle

va

lve

Sw

ing

Ch

ec

k V

alv

e

Plu

g C

oc

k

Ga

te o

r B

all

Va

lve

Bra

nc

h T

ee

Th

rou

gh

Te

e Expander Reducer

Sudden Std Redu Sudden Std ReduEquivalent Length in terms of small diameter

2 M

iters

3 M

iters

4 M

iters

d/D

=1

/4

d/D

=1

/2

d/D

=3

/4

d/D

=1

/2

d/D

=3

/4

d/D

=1

/4

d/D

=1

/2

d/D

=3

/4

d/D

=1

/2

d/D

=3

/4

1.5 55.0 26.0 13.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 8.0 2.0 5 3 1 4 1 3 2 1 12.0 70.0 33.0 17.0 14.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 10.0 3.0 7 4 1 5 1 3 3 1 12.5 80.0 40.0 20.0 11.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 12.0 3.0 8 5 2 6 2 4 3 2 23.0 100.0 50.0 25.0 17.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 14.0 4.0 10 6 2 8 2 5 4 2 24.0 130.0 65.0 32.0 30.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 19.0 5.0 12 8 3 10 3 6 5 3 36.0 200.0 100.0 48.0 70.0 4.0 4.0 8.0 11.0 28.0 8.0 18 12 4 14 4 9 7 4 4 18.0 260.0 125.0 64.0 120.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 15.0 37.0 9.0 25 16 5 19 5 12 9 5 5 2

10.0 330.0 160.0 80.0 170.0 7.0 7.0 12.0 18.0 47.0 12.0 31 20 7 24 7 15 12 6 6 212.0 400.0 190.0 95.0 170.0 9.0 9.0 14.0 22.0 55.0 14.0 28 21 20 37 24 8 28 8 18 14 7 7 214.0 450.0 210.0 105.0 80.0 10.0 10.0 16.0 26.0 62.0 16.0 32 24 22 42 26 9 20 16 816.0 500.0 240.0 120.0 145.0 11.0 11.0 18.0 29.0 72.0 18.0 38 27 24 47 30 10 24 18 918.0 550.0 280.0 140.0 160.0 12.0 12.0 20.0 33.0 82.0 20.0 42 30 28 53 35 11 26 20 1020.0 650.0 300.0 155.0 210.0 14.0 14.0 23.0 36.0 90.0 23.0 46 33 32 60 38 13 30 23 1122.0 688.0 335.0 170.0 225.0 15.0 15.0 25.0 40.0 100.0 25.0 52 36 34 65 42 14 32 25 1224.0 750.0 370.0 185.0 254.0 16.0 16.0 27.0 44.0 110.0 27.0 56 39 36 70 46 15 35 27 1330.0 312.0 21.0 21.0 40.0 55.0 140.0 40.0 70 51 4436.0 25.0 25.0 47.0 66.0 170.0 47.0 84 60 5242.0 30.0 30.0 55.0 77.0 200.0 55.0 98 69 6448.0 35.0 35.0 65.0 88.0 220.0 65.0 112 81 7254.0 40.0 40.0 70.0 99.0 250.0 70.0 126 90 8060.0 45.0 45.0 80.0 110.0 260.0 80.0 190 99 92

Glo

be

Va

lve

or

Ba

ll C

he

ck

V

alv

e

45

o E

ll

90

o E

ll,

Lo

ng

Ra

diu

s

90

o E

ll,

Sh

ort

Ra

diu

s

90o Miter Elbows

Page 12: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Equivalent Length of FittingsSource: Compressed Air Gas Data; Ingersoll-Rand; 1969; p. 34-78

March 16, 1998Rev: 0

Page 12 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Equiv. Lengths #2

Standard Tee

Through-Flow Branch Flow (L/D=16) (L/D=12)

Inches Feet L/D=340 L/D=145 L/D=13 L/D=135 L/D=18 L/D=16 L/D=30 L/D=20 L/D=20 L/D=60 L/D=50 Short Radius Long Radius

1/2 40 0.622 0.052 17.6 7.5 0.7 7.0 0.9 0.8 1.6 1.0 1.0 3.1 2.6 0.8 0.63/4 40 0.824 0.069 23.3 10.0 0.9 9.3 1.2 1.1 2.1 1.4 1.4 4.1 3.4 1.1 0.81 40 1.049 0.087 29.7 12.7 1.1 11.8 1.6 1.4 2.6 1.7 1.7 5.2 4.4 1.4 1.0

1-1/2 40 1.610 0.134 45.6 19.5 1.7 18.1 2.4 2.1 4.0 2.7 2.7 8 6.7 2.1 1.6

2 40 2.067 0.172 59 25 2.2 23.3 3.1 2.8 5.2 3.4 3.4 10 8.6 2.8 2.12-1/2 40 2.469 0.206 70 30 2.7 27.8 3.7 3.3 6.2 4.1 4.1 12 10 3.3 2.5

3 40 3.068 0.256 87 37 3.3 34.5 4.6 4.1 7.7 5.1 5.1 15 13 4.1 3.14 40 4.026 0.335 114 49 4.4 45.3 6.0 5.4 10 6.7 6.7 20 17 5.4 4.0

5 40 5.047 0.421 143 61 5.5 57 7.6 6.7 13 8.4 8.4 25 21 6.7 5.06 40 6.065 0.505 172 73 6.6 68 9.1 8 15 10 10 30 25 8 68 40 7.981 0.665 226 96 8.6 90 12 11 20 13 13 40 33 11 8

10 40 10.020 0.835 284 121 10.9 113 15 13 25 17 17 50 42 13 10

12 40 11.938 0.995 13 134 18 16 30 20 20 60 50 16 1214 30 13.250 1.104 14 149 18 33 22 22 66 55 18 1316 30 15.250 1.271 17 172 20 38 25 25 76 64 20 1518 30 17.124 1.427 19 193 23 43 29 29 86 71 23 17

20 20 19.250 1.604 21 217 26 48 32 32 96 80 26 1924 20 23.250 1.938 25 262 31 58 39 39 116 97 31 23

Nominal Pipe Size,

Inches

Sched. Number

Pipe's Inside Diameter

Globe Valve

Angle Valve

Gate Valve

Swing Check Valve

Plug Cock

45o Std. Elbow

90o Std Elbow

90o Long

Radius Elbow

Close Return Bend

90o Welding Elbow

Page 13: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art MontemayorReference: Dobie Pump Spreadsheet Dobie Engineering (1992)

EQUIVALENT LENGTHS OF FITTINGSApril 21, 1998

Rev: 0

Page 13 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Equiv. Lengths #3

BASIS:All equivalent lengths are calculated using Crane Tech Paper #410.Pipe walls typical for 150 ASA carbon steel with 1/8 in. corrosion allow.Bends are based on using screwed or SO fittings < 3 in.; long radius weld elbows for 3 to 24 in; miter elbows for > 24iValves (except for Ball type) are based on full port types and swing check valves.

The entrance losses are based on a sharp edge with no inward projection.Ball valves are assumed as Jamesbury Type 5150, ANSI CLASS 150, with reduced ball Cv

EQUIVALENT LENGTHS OF TYPICAL FITTINGS, IN FEET

LINEAR BRANCH GATE GLOBE BALL BUTTERFLY CHECK one size one size Loss Loss

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.50 1.4 0.7 0.9 2.7 0.4 15.5 1.7 n/a 2.3 n/a n/a 0.8 1.7 0.75 1.9 1 1.2 3.7 0.5 21 1.9 n/a 3.1 0.8 1.2 1.2 2.5 1.00 2.4 1.3 1.6 4.8 0.6 27.1 1.3 n/a 4 0.8 1 1.7 3.5 1.50 3.8 2 2.5 7.5 1 42 1.7 n/a 6.2 4.3 8.1 2.8 5.7 2.00 4.8 2.6 3.2 9.7 1.3 55 5.4 n/a 8.1 2 2.6 4.3 8.5 3.00 3.4 2.2 5.1 15.3 2 87 9.2 11.5 12.8 11.5 22.1 7.3 14.6 4.00 4.4 2.9 6.7 20.1 2.7 114 9.7 15.1 16.8 5.4 7.2 10.4 20.7 6.00 6.7 4.3 10.1 30 4 172 69.6 22.7 25.3 20.4 36.4 16.8 34 8.00 8.7 5.6 13.2 39 5.3 224 48.2 29.6 33 11.6 15.1 23.5 47 ### 11 7.1 16.7 50 6.7 284 35.3 29.2 42 12.8 15.5 31 62 ### 13.2 8.5 20 60 8 340 n/a 35 50 10.1 9.7 38 77 ### 14.6 9.4 22.1 66 8.8 n/a n/a 39 55 4.9 2.8 44 88 ### 16.8 10.8 25.4 76 10.2 n/a n/a 32 64 15.3 7.3 52 103 ### 19 12.2 28.8 86 11.5 n/a n/a 36 72 9 6.3 60 120 ### 21.2 13.6 32 96 12.8 n/a n/a 40 80 8.7 5.5 68 136 ### 25.6 16.5 39 116 15.5 n/a n/a 48 97 23.5 23.6 84 167 ### 73 37 49 146 19.5 n/a n/a 61 122 42.2 49.5 109 218 ### 88 44 59 176 23.5 n/a n/a 73 147 37.5 37.3 136 272 ### 103 52 69 206 27.5 n/a n/a 86 172 35.1 30.2 165 331 ### 118 59 78 235 31.3 n/a n/a 98 196 31.8 23.3 196 392 ### 132 66 88 265 35 n/a n/a 110 221 33.7 23 232 465 ### 148 74 98 295 39 n/a n/a 123 246 33.3 20.5 267 534

Reducers assume a 30o included angle. Equivalent feet of the larger size pipe is indicated.

Nom. Size, In.

---- BENDS ---- ----- TEES ----- ------------- VALVES -------------

90o ELL 45o ELL

REDUCE

R

EXPA

NDER

ENTR

ANCE

EXIT

Page 14: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art MontemayorReference: Dobie Pump Spreadsheet Dobie Engineering (1992)

EQUIVALENT LENGTHS OF FITTINGSApril 21, 1998

Rev: 0

Page 14 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Equiv. Lengths #3

EXIT

Page 15: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Equivalent Feet of Pipe Fittings and Valves May 20, 1998Rev: 0

Page 15 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Equiv. Lengths #4

EQUIVALENT LENGTH WORKSHEET

FITTINGS & VALVES QUANTITY SIZE EQ FT FEET

10 2.00 4.8 48.00

0 0.00 0.0 0.00 Through-Flow TEE 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 Branch-Flow TEE 0 1.00 4.8 0.00 GATE VALVE 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 GLOBE VALVE 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 BUTTERFLY VALVE 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 BALL VALVE 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 SWING CHECK VALVE 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 REDUCTION-ONE SIZE 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 EXPANSION-ONE SIZE 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 ENTRANCE LOSS 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 EXIT LOSS 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 OTHER 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 Straight Length PIPE 1250

TOTAL EQUIVALENT FEET = 9.6 1298.0

90o ELL

45o ELL

INSTRUCTIONS:

1) Enter the known quantities and sizes of each fitting type in your hydraulic circuit in the designated YELLOW cells as well as the amount of straight pipe. Note: The sizes of the fittings to be keyed in are the NOMINAL pipe size, not the I. D.. You must furnish both the quantities and sizes to generate a calculated answer.2) The resultant calculated equivalent pipe length(s) appear in RED numbers.

Art Montemayor

Page 16: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Equivalent Feet of Pipe Fittings and Valves May 20, 1998Rev: 0

Page 16 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Equiv. Lengths #4

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.5 1.4 0.7 0.9 2.7 0.4 15.5 n/a 2.30.75 1.9 1 1.2 3.7 0.5 21 n/a 3.1

1 2.4 1.3 1.6 4.8 0.6 27.1 n/a 4

1.5 3.8 2 2.5 7.5 1 42 n/a 6.22 4.8 2.6 3.2 9.7 1.3 55 n/a 8.13 3.4 2.2 5.1 15.3 2 87 11.5 12.84 4.4 2.9 6.7 20.1 2.7 114 15.1 16.86 6.7 4.3 10.1 30 4 172 22.7 25.38 8.7 5.6 13.2 39 5.3 224 29.6 3310 11 7.1 16.7 50 6.7 284 29.2 4212 13.2 8.5 20 60 8 340 35 5014 14.6 9.4 22.1 66 8.8 n/a 39 5516 16.8 10.8 25.4 76 10.2 n/a 32 6418 19 12.2 28.8 86 11.5 n/a 36 7220 21.2 13.6 32 96 12.8 n/a 40 8024 25.6 16.5 39 116 15.5 n/a 48 9730 73 37 49 146 19.5 n/a 61 12236 88 44 59 176 23.5 n/a 73 147

42 103 52 69 206 27.5 n/a 86 17248 118 59 78 235 31.3 n/a 98 19654 132 66 88 265 35 n/a 110 22160 148 74 98 295 39 n/a 123 246

Page 17: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Equivalent Feet of Pipe Fittings and Valves May 20, 1998Rev: 0

Page 17 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Equiv. Lengths #4

0 0 0 0 0

n/a n/a 0.8 1.7 1.70.8 1.2 1.2 2.5 1.9

0.8 1 1.7 3.5 1.3

4.3 8.1 2.8 5.7 1.72 2.6 4.3 8.5 5.4

11.5 22.1 7.3 14.6 9.25.4 7.2 10.4 20.7 9.7

20.4 36.4 16.8 34 69.611.6 15.1 23.5 47 48.212.8 15.5 31 62 35.310.1 9.7 38 77 n/a4.9 2.8 44 88 n/a

15.3 7.3 52 103 n/a9 6.3 60 120 n/a

8.7 5.5 68 136 n/a23.5 23.6 84 167 n/a42.2 49.5 109 218 n/a37.5 37.3 136 272 n/a

35.1 30.2 165 331 n/a31.8 23.3 196 392 n/a33.7 23 232 465 n/a33.3 20.5 267 534 n/a

Page 18: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Typical Resistance Coefficients Fluid Flow in Piping Systems

March 12, 1998Rev: 0

Page 18 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Typical K values

K Art's NotesVALVES:

Globe, Open 9.70 100% wide open positionTypical Depressuring, Open 8.50 ---' ????Angle, Open 4.60 100% wide open positionSwing Check, Open 2.30 100% wide open positionGate, Open 0.21 100% wide open position

SCREWED FITTINGS:

1.95Branch-Flow Tee 1.72 w/ flow in all 3 branches

0.93Through-Flow Tee 0.50 w/ flow in all 3 branches

0.43

MITERED FITTINGS:

1.72

0.93

0.59

0.46

0.46

FABRICATED FITTINGS:Through-Flow Tee 0.50 w/ flow in all 3 branches

WELDED FITTINGS:Branch-Flow Tee 1.37 w/ flow in all 3 branches

0.76 w/ flow in all 3 branches

0.59Through-Flow Lateral 0.50 w/ flow in all 3 branches

0.43Through-Flow Tee 0.38 w/ flow in all 3 branches

0.32

0.21d/d'

CONTRACTION OR EXPANSION: 0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800

Contraction (ANSI) --- --- 0.210 0.135 0.039Contraction (Sudden) 0.500 0.460 0.380 0.290 0.120Expansion (ANSI) --- --- 0.900 0.500 0.110Expansion (Sudden) 1.000 0.950 0.740 0.410 0.110

180o close return

90o Standard Elbow

45o Elbow

90o Single-Miter Elbow

60o Single-Miter Elbow

90o Double-Miter Elbow

90o Triple-Miter Elbow

45o Single-Miter Elbow

45o Branch-Flow Lateral

90o Long-Sweep Elbow

180o Return

90o Elbow

45o Elbow

TYPICAL K VALUES FOR PIPE FITTINGSThis table is taken from API Recommended Practice 521, 2nd Edition, Sep.1982, which obtained it in turn from:

Tube-Turn Catalogue and Engineering Data Book No. 211, Chemetron Corp., Louisville, Kentucky.

Page 19: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Typical Pipe Friction Factors March 12, 1998Rev: 0

Page 19 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Typical Friction Factors

Nominal Pipe Size, Inches Moody Friction Factor (f) Feet Meters

NPS 2, Schedule 40 0.0195 8.8 2.7NPS 3, Schedule 40 0.0178 14.3 4.4NPS 4, Schedule 40 0.0165 20.5 6.3NPS 6, Schedule 40 0.0150 33.6 10.2NPS 8 x 1/4-inch wall 0.0140 48.2 14.7NPS 10 x 1/4-inch wall 0.0135 63.0 19.2NPS 12 x 1/4-inch wall 0.0129 78.8 24.0NPS 14 x 1/4-inch wall 0.0126 89.6 27.3NPS 16 x 1/4-inch wall 0.0123 104.6 31.9NPS 20 x 1/4-inch wall 0.0119 136.0 41.5NPS 24 x 1/4-inch wall 0.0115 169.6 56.7NPS 30 x 1/4-inch wall 0.0110 222.6 67.9NPS 36 x 1/4-inch wall 0.0107 273.4 83.3

Conversion Factor for Equivalent Length per Unit of K

Typical Friction Factors and Conversion Factors for Clean Steel Pipe(Based on Equivalent Roughness of 0.00015 Feet)

Source: API Recommended Practice 521; 2nd Ed., Sep. 1982 (p.49)

Note:NPS = Nominal Pipe Size. The above friction factors and conversion factors apply at high Reynolds numbers, namely above 1 x 106 for NPS 24 and larger.For smaller pipe, down to NPS 2", the applicable Reynolds number is 2 x 105.

Page 20: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Pipe Pro May 07, 1998Revision: 0

Page 20 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Pipe Pro

Type of Pipe Material

Asphalted Cast Iron 400 400Brass & Copper 5 5

Concrete 1,000 to 10,000 4,000

Cast Iron 850 850

Galvanized Iron 500 500

Wrought Iron 150 150Plastic 5 5Steel 150 150Riveted Steel* 3,000 to 30,000 6,000Wood Stave* 600 to 3,000 2,000

VALUES OF ABSOLUTE ROUGHNESS, e, FOR VARIOUS MATERIALS

Range of values (x 10-6), Ft Normal Design value (x 10-6), Ft

This information is taken from the PipePro computer program sold by:

Professional Designers & Engineers, Inc. P.O. Box 11380 Boulder, CO 80301 Phone & Fax: (303) 530-1551

* Note: These two types of material have been obsolete and outdated for approximately 50 years. They are kept here as a reminder to young engineers of the danger and stupidity that some data represents when the authors do not review, proof and edit their technical product(s).Art Montemayor

Page 21: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Pipe Pro May 07, 1998Revision: 0

Page 21 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Pipe Pro

REASONABLE VELOCITIES FOR WATER FLOW THROUGH PIPE

Application & Service Condition Range of Typical Velocities, Ft/sec

Municipal Water Distribution System 2 to 7General Plant Service 4 to 10Pump Suction 4 to 7Drain Lines 4 to 7Boiler Feed System 8 to 15

Note: Long piping systems may require lower velocities to prevent an undesirable pressure drop. Higher velocities may be used or exceeded where pressure drop is not important.

Page 22: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Pipe Pro May 07, 1998Revision: 0

Page 22 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Pipe Pro

RESISTANCE COEFFICIENTS "K" FOR PIPE ENTRANCE AND EXITS

Description of Pipe Entrance or Exit Coefficient K

Inlet - Sharp edge flush to the tank or reservoir 0.50Inlet - Slightly rounded at connection to tank, r/d=0.02 0.28Inlet - Slightly rounded at connection to tank, r/d=0.04 0.24Inlet - Medium rounded at connection to tank, r/d=0.06 0.15Inlet - Medium rounded at connection to tank, r/d=0.10 0.09Inlet - Well rounded at pipe connection, r/d=0.15 & up 0.04Inlet - Pipe projecting into tank or reservoir 0.78

Exit - Open discharge (complete loss of velocity head) 1.00

Exit - Submerged gradual enlargement discharge 0.00 (complete recovery of velocity head)

Where,

Large Diameter, D =

Small Diameter, d =

Length, L =

Coefficient K

Gradual contraction from large diam. to small diam.

Gradual enlargement from small diam. to large diam.

Sudden square edge contraction from D to dSudden square edge enlargement from d to D

The K resistance coefficient represents the resistance to flow in pipes for various configurations of entrances, exits, contraction or enlargement. The resistance coefficient method is based on the assumption that the fluid's pressure loss is all due to pressure drag and is independent of the Reynolds Number.

Description of Enlargement or Contraction:Flow may be directed through pipes of differing sizes by using especially designed enlargements or contractions to achieve the desired coefficient "K". These designs are generally required when a minimum "K" value is desired to limit the pressure drop in the system. The input cells below are provided to calculate the "K" value based on the dimensions of the enlargement or contraction.

Page 23: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Pipe Pro May 07, 1998Revision: 0

Page 23 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Pipe Pro

RESISTANCE COEFFICIENTS "K" FOR VALVES AND FITTINGS

DESCRIPTION OF VALVES AND FITTINGS RECOMMENDED K/f15 degree Corner Miter 430 degree Corner Miter 845 degree Standard Elbow 1645 degree Street Elbow 2645 degree Corner Miter 1560 degree Corner Miter 2590 degree Short Radius Elbow 2090 degree Long Radius Elbow 1490 degree Street Elbow 5090 degree Square Corner Miter 60180 degree Close Pattern Return Bend 50

Tee Flow-through Run 20Tee Flow-through Branch 60Globe valve; perdendicular stem with unguided disc 340Globe valve; perdendicular stem with guided disc 600

175

145

150

200Gate valve; full size, fully open 8Gate valve; 3/4 open 35Gate valve; 1/2 open 160Gate valve; 1/4 open 900

Ball valve; round opening with full bore 3

Plug valve; round opening with full bore 3Plug valve; rectangular opening with full bore, fully open 18Plug valve; 3-way rectangular opening with full bore, straignt flow 30Plug valve; 3-way 80% bore, fully open, branch flow 90Butterfly valve; 2" to 8", fully open 45Butterfly valve; 10" to 14", fully open 35Butterfly valve; 16" to 24", fully open 25Check valve; conventional swing, angle seat, fully open 100Check valve; conventional swing, perpendicular seat, fully open 50

40Check valve; globe type 400Foot valve; hinged disc with strainer 75Foot valve; poppet disc with strainer 420

Globe valve; 60o stem to run with unguided disc

Globe valve; 45o stem to run with unguided disc

Angle valve; 90o with unguided disc

Angle valve; 90o with guided disc

Check valve; tilting disc at 5o to flow (2" to 8")

The resistance coefficient K represents the reduction in static head for flow in pipes caused by valves and fittings. The K value is the number of velocity heads and is valid for all flow conditons. K/f = Constantwhere, f = turbulent Darcy friction factor

Page 24: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Pipe Pro May 07, 1998Revision: 0

Page 24 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Pipe Pro

For Control Valves:

Flowrate, gpm = 100.00

62.37

Pressure drop, psi = 5.00

Cv = 44.72

FLOW COEFFICIENT, Cv, FOR CONTROL VALVES

Density, lb/ft3 =

The Cv flow coefficient for valves expresses the flow rate of 60 oF water in gallon per minute with 1.0 psi pressure drop across the valve. Cv varies for other fluids according to the square root of the weight density of the fluid.For Control Valves:

Cv = Q x (density/62.37/pressure drop)0.5

Where, Q = liquid flowrate in gpm density = liquid density in lb/ft3

pressure drop = pressure drop in psi

Values for Cv are normally provided by the control valve manufacturer. However, desired values for Cv may be calculated below as follows:

Page 25: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor Pipe Pro May 07, 1998Revision: 0

Page 25 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Pipe Pro

Size, inches Control Valve Description Flow Characteristic

1/2 Plug; top guided Equal percentage 4.2 3/4 Plug; top guided Equal percentage 8.651 Plug; cage guided Equal percentage 17.4

1 1/4 Plug; top guided Equal percentage 22.21 1/2 Plug; cage guided Equal percentage 33.42 Plug; cage guided Equal percentage 56.2

2 1/2 Plug; cage guided Equal percentage 87.23 Plug; cage guided Equal percentage 1214 Plug; cage guided Equal percentage 2036 Plug; cage guided Equal percentage 3578 Plug; cage guided Equal percentage 808

10 Plug; port guided Quick opening 128012 Plug; port guided Quick opening 17001 Ball; V-notched 22.3

1 1/2 Butterfly; disc 26.3

2 Butterfly; disc 55.1

2 1/2 Butterfly; disc 91.4

3 Butterfly; disc 136

4 Butterfly; disc 271

6 Butterfly; disc 768

8 Butterfly; disc 1340

10 Butterfly; disc 2170

12 Butterfly; disc 3180

14 Butterfly; disc 3880

16 Butterfly; disc 5210

18 Butterfly; disc 6510

20 Butterfly; disc 8210

24 Butterfly; disc 12200

30 Butterfly; disc 19900

36 Butterfly; disc 29400

48 Butterfly; disc 54200

60 Butterfly; disc 85300

72 Butterfly; disc 123000

Liquid coefficient, Cv

90o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

60o Opening

The Cv sizing coefficient must be obtained from the valved manufacturer; however, a sampling of some typical valve coefficients is listed below.

Page 26: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor RESISTANCE TO FLUID FLOWSource: Crane Tech Paper #410

May 08, 1998Rev: 0

Page 26 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Reducers & Expanders

Steps:

d = small diameter, in. = 3.068D = large diameter, in. = 6.065

diameter ratio = 0.505853L = length of fitting, in. = 5.5

included concentric angle, degrees = 30f = included concentric angle, radians = 0.523599

Resistance Coefficient (based on small diameter) = 0.2

Resistance Coefficient (based on large diameter) = 2.4

d = small diameter, in. = 3.068D = large diameter, in. = 6.065

diameter ratio = 0.505853L = length of fitting,in = 5.5

included concentric angle, degrees = 30f = included concentric angle, radians = 0.523599

Resistance Coefficient (based on small diameter) = 0.0

Resistance Coefficient (based on large diameter) = 1.5

1) Enter the required information in the YELLOW cells2) The calculated results appear in RED numbers.

b =

a =

K1 =

K2 =

b =

a =

K1 =

K2 =

d

l

D

CONCENTRIC REDUCERSfor included angle less than 45o

CONCENTRIC EXPANDERSfor included angle less than 45o

NOTE: Resistance to fluid flow due to pipe reducers, pipe expanders, entrances and exits to pipes is independent of the pipe and fluid's friction factor. These pressure losses are caused by local disturbances, such as changes in pipe cross section. Although considered "minor", these may actually be major losses in the case of a short pipe run. Whenever the velocity of a flowing stream is altered either in direction or in magnitude, eddy currents are set up and a loss of energy in excess of the pipe friction in that same length is created. Such losses may be expressed as velocity heads (KV2/2g) --- where K must be determined for each case. For concentric reducers, a minimum K value of about 0.10 is obtained with an included angle of 20o to 40o. Smaller or larger angles result in higher values of K.

Page 27: Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor RESISTANCE TO FLUID FLOWSource: Crane Tech Paper #410

May 08, 1998Rev: 0

Page 27 of 36 Electronic FileName: document.xlsWorkSheet: Reducers & Expanders

Fitting Size Large Diameter, in. Small Diameter, in. Length, in, Included Angle, Degrees

2 x 1 2.067 1.049 3.000 19

2 x 1-1/2 2.067 1.610 3.000 9

3 x 1 3.068 1.049 3.500 32

3 x 1-1/2 3.068 1.610 3.500 24

3 x 2 3.068 2.067 3.500 16

4 x 2 4.026 2.067 4.000 28

4 x 3 4.026 3.068 4.000 14

6 x 3 6.065 3.068 5.500 30

6 x 4 6 4 6 21

8 x 6 8 6 6 18

10 x 6 10 6 7 32

12 x 6 12 6 8 41

D d

L

This table calculates the included angle for StainlessSteel, schedule 40s, Concentric Reducers. It should also apply to Carbon Steel fittings as well as to Concentric Expanders.

Data source: Flowline Fittings Catalog; 1965; p.48

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VOLUMETRIC CAPACITY FOR BUTT-WELDING FITTINGSAll volumes expressed in cubic inches

Reference: Piping Engineering; Tube Turns Division of Chemetron Corp.; Nov. 1971; p.47

TeesLong Radius Short Radius Long Radius Short Radius Long Radius Full-size outlets

Standard X-Strong Standard X-Strong Standard X-Strong Standard X-Strong Standard X-Strong Standard X-Strong

1/2 0.7 0.6 1.4 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.6 3/4 0.9 0.8 1.9 1.5 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.3

1 2.0 1.7 1.4 4.1 3.4 2.7 1.0 0.8 3.5 2.91-1/4 4.4 3.7 2.9 8.7 7.4 5.9 2.2 1.8 7.5 6.51-1/2 7.2 6.2 4.8 4.2 14.4 12.5 9.6 8.3 3.6 3.1 12.4 10.8

2 15.8 13.9 10.5 9.2 31.6 27.8 21.1 18.3 7.9 7.0 22.2 19.73 52.2 46.7 34.8 31.1 104.4 93.3 69.6 62.2 26.1 23.3 65.2 58.74 119.8 108.3 79.9 72.0 239.7 216.6 159.9 143.9 59.9 54.1 135.8 123.66 408.1 368.3 272.1 245.4 816.1 736.6 544.3 490.8 204.0 184.2 413.2 367.18 942.3 860.3 628.3 572.7 1884.7 1720.6 1256.7 1145.5 471.1 430.1 881.1 811.2

10 1856.9 1758.2 1238.0 1172.2 3713.8 3516.5 2476.0 2344.3 928.5 879.1 1675.4 1594.912 3195.9 3064.2 2130.7 2042.8 6391.8 6128.5 4261.5 4085.6 1598.0 1532.1 2816.9 2712.314 4545.9 4376.1 3030.7 2917.4 9091.8 8752.2 6061.4 5834.8 2273.0 2188.1 3809.3 3681.016 6882.2 6658.4 4301.4 4161.5 13764.5 13316.9 8602.8 8323.0 3441.1 3329.2 5804.3 5634.318 9906.5 9621.7 6054.0 5879.9 19813.1 19243.4 12108.0 11759.8 4953.3 4810.8 8396.5 8179.220 13707.5 13353.8 9366.8 9125.1 27415.0 26707.6 18733.6 18250.2 6853.8 6676.9 11701.3 11429.422 18365.2 17935.8 36730.9 23914.5 9182.7 8967.9 14348.0 14049.224 23995.6 23482.4 14664.0 14350.3 47991.1 46964.7 29327.9 28700.7 11997.8 11471.2 20647.2 20249.726 30644.8 30041.0 61289.6 40054.6 15322.4 15020.5 23912.3 23493.230 47449.7 46642.1 31648.8 31110.5 94899.4 62189.4 63297.7 62221.0 35985.0 35442.534 69490.1 68449.0 110260.5 34745.0 34224.5 52836.7 52135.936 82695.4 81526.6 55130.3 54351.0 176155.6 110260.5 108702.1 41347.7 40763.3 62945.1 62157.542 132116.7 130520.2 88077.8 87013.4 66054.8 65260.1 94207.0 93209.048 198322.0 196203.0 40971.0 40538.0 145443.0 144092.0

Nominal Pipe

Size, in.

90o Elbows 180o Returns 45o Elbows

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V = VolumeD = Inside diameterA = Center to face distance

V = VolumeD = Inside diameterA = Center to center distance

V = VolumeD = Inside diameterA = Center to face distance

Full Size Outlet Tees:

V = VolumeD = Inside diameter

90o Elbows:

V = P2D2A/8

180o Returns:

V = P2D2O/8

45o Elbows:

V = P2D2A/8

V = (PD2/2) (C + M/2) - D3/3

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C = Center to end of runM = center to end of branch

Pipe Caps:

V = VolumeD = Inside diameterE = lengtht = wall thickness

Crosses:

V = VolumeD = Inside diameterC = Center to end of runM = center to end of branch

Concentric & eccentric reducers:

V = (PD2/4) (E - t - D/12)

V = (PD2/2) (C + M) - (2/3)D3

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Caps Crosses Stub Ends Reducers TeesFull-size outlets Lap Joint Concentric & Eccentric with Reducing Outlet

Standard X-Strong Standard X-Strong Standard X-Strong Large end Small end Standard X-Strong Standard X-Strong

0.3 0.2 0.9 0.71

3/8 1.5 1.3 2.7 2.30.6 0.4 1.6 1.3 1/2 1.8 1.4 2.8 2.41.1 0.9 3.5 2.9 3/4 2.1 1.8 3.0 2.61.8 1.5 9.5 8.2 6.0 5.1

1-1/41/2 2.6 2.2 5.8 5.1

2.5 2.0 15.5 13.7 8.1 7.1 3/4 3.1 2.6 6.0 5.43.9 3.2 27.7 24.7 20.1 17.8 1 3.7 3.1 6.3 5.7

11.1 9.4 80.5 72.9 44.4 39.6

1-1/2

1/2 4.0 3.4 9.4 8.324.2 20.8 166.5 152.4 76.4 69.0 3/4 4.6 3.9 9.6 8.677.3 65.7 501.3 441.0 231.1 208.5 1 5.3 4.5 9.9 9.1

148.5 122.3 1061.9 983.0 400.2 365.3 1-1/4 6.5 5.6 10.8 9.9295.6 264.4 2010.4 1920.6 788.5 746.6

2

3/4 7.6 6.6 16.7 15.2517.0 475.0 3371.9 3255.9 1131.0 1084.3 1 8.5 7.4 16.9 15.6684.6 640.0 4171.5 4043.7 1654.6 1592.8 1-1/4 10.0 8.8 17.6 16.5967.6 911.0 6311.7 6144.0 2191.8 2120.6 1-1/2 11.4 10.0 18.4 17.4

1432.6 1363.0 9081.3 8868.1 2804.5 2723.8

3

1 50.9 45.52026.4 1938.0 12634.1 12368.2 3492.5 3402.4 1-1/4 20.2 17.9 51.8 46.42784.1 2682.9 1-1/2 21.9 19.4 52.9 47.33451.0 3313.0 22189.4 21802.9 5094.7 4985.7 2 25.5 22.7 55.1 49.54014.3 3884.1 2-1/2 29.5 26.3 58.6 52.65163.1 5006.4

4

1-1/2 37.3 33.4 108.0 97.72 41.8 37.5 110.4 99.9

7010.8 6811.5 2-1/2 46.6 41.8 113.9 103.210936.3 10666.7 3 54.4 48.9 119.7 108.613480.0 13157.0 3-1/2 62.1 55.9 125.9 114.5

6

2-1/2 11.9 100.6 334.1 301.83 123.7 111.3 340.0 307.4

3-1/2 134.8 121.5 346.3 313.74 147.1 132.8 354.1 321.2

Nominal Pipe Size, in.

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6

5 175.3 158.7 375.7 361.8

8

3 716.9 655.53-1/2 221.7 201.8 722.6 661.0

4 235.6 215.0 730.6 668.75 269.6 245.8 753.0 690.56 309.2 280.9 791.1 719.4

10

4 385.9 362.0 1373.0 1300.05 428.3 401.4 1396.0 1323.06 476.8 444.8 1432.0 1350.08 586.0 546.7 1506.0 1426.0

12

5 639.4 606.4 2318.0 2224.0

6 697.7 658.8 2348.0 2250.08 827.0 779.8 2430.0 2329.0

10 993.8 947.7 2567.0 2468.0

14

6 1496 1419 1992 19158 1738 1646 2587 2488

10 2041 1952 2922 281612 2382 2288 2976 3022

16

6 2621 25328 2321 2212 3396 3283

10 2656 2552 3803 3701

12 3029 2920 4891 474114 3289 3175 5054 4902

18

8 4318 419110 3413 3291 4849 471112 3821 3695 4993 501314 4104 3973 6147 597616 4598 4458 7180 6985

20

8 5360 521410 6010 585512 6248 6059 6204 6221

14 6922 6717 7606 741416 7974 7747 8877 865718 9404 9150 10163 9916

22

10 12027 11745

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22

12 12226 1194414 7333 7129 12394 1211016 8055 7841 12620 1233718 8848 8622 12995 1271020 9711 9474 1345813172

24

10 8701 851912 14972 14603

14 10979 1074516 8637 8419 12795 1252618 9451 9221 14628 1432520 10334 10094 16477 1614122 16606 16287

26

12 20062 1966814 20233 1983716 20465 2007018 20846 2044920 21316 20919

22 21887 2148724 22565 22164

30

14 30283 2976816 30520 3000618 30908 3039220 31386 3086922 31964 3144524 32652 3213126 33458 3293628 34102 33583

34

16 44385 4372418 44779 4411620 45265 4460022 45851 4518424 46548 4587926 47364 4669328 48018 4735130 49058 4838932 50242 49571

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36

16 52701 5195818 53098 5235320 53587 5284122 54177 5342924 54878 5412826 55700 5494728 56359 5561030 30539 30071 57404 5665332 32314 31831 58594 5784234 34176 33698 59940 59185

42

20 76746 7582522 77172 7625324 32031 31561 77639 7672326 33617 33132 78899 7797228 79574 7865030 37053 36540 80636 7971032 38902 38375 81462 8054034 40840 40229 82341 8142536 42866 42311 83276 82365

48

22 125186 12387424 85143 83984 125667 12435826 89354 88163 126693 12537728 127344 12603130 98305 97047 128044 12673632 103044 101753 129561 12824534 107959 106635 130462 12915136 113050 111693 131419 13011338 118317 116927 133521 13220740 123760 122337 134710 13340242 129378 127923 135960 13466044 135173 133685 138742 13743246 141144 139622 140256 138954

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Pipe SizePipe Schedule Number

10 20 30 40 80 1601 1.097 N.A. N.A. 1.049 0.957 0.8152 2.157 N.A. N.A. 2.067 1.939 1.6873 3.260 N.A. N.A. 3.068 2.900 2.6244 4.260 N.A. N.A. 4.026 3.826 3.6246 6.357 N.A. N.A. 6.065 5.761 5.1878 8.329 8.125 8.071 7.981 7.625 6.813

10 10.420 10.250 10.136 10.020 9.562 8.50012 12.390 12.250 12.090 11.938 11.374 10.12614 13.500 13.376 13.250 13.124 12.500 11.188