ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE&

LATEST TRENDS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

BY

M.R. Rahul Raj

CONTENTS• Definition• Aims• Scope• History• Branches Of AI• Applications • Problems• Latest Trends Biometrics Robotics Neural Networks• References

Definition

It is defined as intelligence exhibited by an artificial entity.It forms a vital branch of computer science,dealing with intelligent behavior in machines.

Examples:Chess playing,Speech Recognition.

Aims

• To foster the development and understanding of AI.

• To promote interdisciplinary exchanges between AI and other fields of information processing.

• To contribute to the overall aims and objectives for further development.

Scope

It provides a wide range of techniques,which can be applied to wide range of application areas.

-Automated Reasoning

- Belief Revision

-Computer Vision

-Data Mining

History

• 1956-1979:Various artificial intelligence research facilities were setup at MIT and Princeton.

• 1980’s:In 1980 momentum started to swing upward for AI supporters with the re-invention of expert systems.

• 1993-Present Day:From 1993 until the turn of the century AI has reached some incredible landmarks with the creation of intelligent agents.These agents use the surrounding environment to solve the problems effectively and efficiently.

Branches of AI

• Pattern Recognition

• Inference

• Planning

• Ontology

• Heuristics

• Genetic Programming

• Logical AI

Applications

• Game Playing

• Speech Recognition

• Computer Vision

• Expert Systems

• Virtual Reality

• Image Processing

• Artificial Creativity

Problems of AI• Mundane Tasks planning vision robotics natural language processing• Expert tasks required specialized skills and training , for example

Medical Diagnosis,Trouble Shooting Equipments.• Formal Tasks Games Mathematics

Latest Trends

• Biometrics

• Robotics

• Neural Networks

BIOMETRICS

It is the science and technology of measuring and analyzing the data.In Information technology it refers to the science that measure and analyze the human body characteristics.

Biometric systems consists of-

•Scanner

•Software

•Database

Classification of Biometrics

• Physiological Biometrics-measures the distinct traits that people have ,usually dictated by their genetics.

• Behavioral Biometrics-measure the distinct actions that human take,which are very hard to copy from one person to another.They measure characteristics of human body indirectly.

Applications

• Cellular telephone security

• Process control security

• Verification of signatures

• ATM transaction verification

• Building access control

ROBOTICSIt is the science and technology of robots,their design,manufacture and applications.Robotics require a working knowledge of electronics and mechanics.

Applications

• Spot and electric arc welding

• Pick and place operations

• Assembly

• Spray finishing operations

NEURAL NETWORKS

It is a massively parallel distributed processor,made up of simple processing units which has natural tendency for strong knowledge and making it available for use.

Benefits

• Non linearity

• Input output mapping

• Adaptivity

• Contextual information

• Evidential response

• Fault tolerance

• VLSI

References

• Artificial Intelligence,2nd Edition, ELAINE RICH and KEVIN KNIGHT(TMH)

• Comprehensive Overview of the Applications of Artificial Life KYUNG –JOONG KIM and SUNG -BAE CHO

• http://artificialintelligence.ai-depot.com/Philosophy/272.html

• Artificial Intelligence by George F Luger,4th Edition(Pearson Education).