Artificial IntelligenceNow and Then

Khoa Nguyen

What is AI? Artificial: describes any

objects which are not created by nature

Intelligence: capacity for learning, reasoning, understanding, and similar forms of mental activity; aptitude in grasping truths, relationships, facts, meaning, etc.

Artificial Intelligence: the ability to learn, reason, understand… that is made by human.

Brief Introduction about the first two presidents of IBM

Thomas J. Watson Sr. Watson joined

the Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation (CTR) on May 1, 1914.

He renamed the company International Business Machines (IBM). Became the first president

When Watson died in 1956, IBM's revenues were about $900 million, and the company had 72,500 employees.

Thomas J. Watson Jr. Was the eldest son

of Thomas J. Watson

Was the president of IBM from 1952 to 1971

He led the company into a period where it dominated the new computer industry

Among many honors, he was called "the greatest capitalist in history" and one of "100 most influential people of the 20th century"

The computing system “Watson”

Named after the first two presidents of IBM

Capable of giving precise, factual answers to questions posed in natural language

In the Jeopardy! Show, Watson wasn’t in the room behind

Over its three-year life, Watson stored the content of tens of millions of documents, which it now accessed to answer questions about almost anything

Why is it so impressive?

Technologists have long regarded this sort of artificial intelligence as a holy grail

Software firms and university scientists have produced question-answering systems for years, but these have mostly been limited to simply phrased questions.

IBM is already working to implement applications in the fields of healthcare, finance and telecom

AI is not always about making computers that can answer questions..

System that can steer Cars With the Power of Thought

Developed by AutoNOMOS innovation labs of Freie Universität Berlin

Using EEG sensors for measuring brain waves in such a way that the computer can read four basic driving commands: accelerate, brake, turn left, and turn right

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDV_62QoHjY

Upside Downside

What is it good for?

You are hands free to do anything: have a drink for example

Big hope for people with disabilities and/or paralysation

Can’t always control our thoughts

Can easily misunderstand “commands” and “actual thoughts”

Great! Now we have computers that can read our mind. What else can they read??

How about human gestures?

ScienceDaily states that future surgeons might use a system recognizes hand gestures as commands to control a robotic scrub nurse or tell a computer to display medical images of the patient during an operation in the future

Both the hand-gesture recognition and robotic nurse innovations might help to reduce the length of surgeries and the potential for infection

Problems? One challenge will be to develop the

proper shapes of hand poses and the proper hand trajectory movements to reflect and express certain medical functions

Other challenges include providing computers with the ability to understand the context in which gestures are made and to discriminate between intended gestures versus unintended gestures.

Question: when will machines have human-level intelligence?

2028

2050

2150- 90%

- 10%

- 50%

Future of Humanity Institute (FHI) Winter Intelligence conference at University of Oxford on machine intelligence in January 2011

References Freie Universität Berlin (2011, February 21). Scientists steer car

with the power of thought. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 1, 2011, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110218083711.htm

Purdue University (2011, February 3). Future surgeons may use robotic nurse, 'gesture recognition'. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 2, 2011, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2011/02/110203152548.htm

Thompson, C. (2010, June 16). What is I.B.M.’s Watson?. The New York Times, Retrieved May 1, 2011 from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/20/magazine/20Computer-t.html

Watson (computer). (2011). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 1, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson_(computer)

Intelligence. (2011). Retrieved April 30, 2011, from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/intelligence

Thomas J. Watson (2011). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 3, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson

Thomas Watson, Jr. (2011). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 3, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Watson,_Jr.

Discussion Do you think all of these new

technologies will increase the number of jobs or decrease it?

Do you think the robotic nurses will be better than the human nurses in terms of proficiency, reflection, knowledge…?