Artificial Intelligence

By

John Debovis &Keith Bright

What is Artificial Intelligence?

• Artificial intelligence (AI) is the field of computer science that seeks to build autonomous machines—machines that can carry out complex tasks without human intervention.

• Research in AI is concerned with producing machines to automate tasks requiring intelligent behavior.

Intelligent Agents

• An agent is a device that responds to stimuli from its environment.

• An agent could be a robot, an autonomous plane, a character in a video game, or a program commuting over the Internet.

• The goal of Artificial Intelligence is to build agents that behave intelligently.

Turing Test

• Can Machines Think?– Turing Test was a test designed in the 1950’s to solve this question.

• Layout • A human interrogator sits in a room and uses a computer terminal to

communicate with two respondents, A and B.

• The interrogator knows that one respondent is human and the other is computer.

• After having a conversation with A and B, the human must decide which respondent was the computer.

• Is it a good test for intelligence?• Some argue that the Turing Test doesn’t demonstrate that a computer

understands language

Turing Test Equivalence

• Weak Equivalence– A computer that passes the Turing test would demonstrate weak

Equivalence, meaning that the two systems are equivalent

• Strong Equivalence – Indicates that two systems use the same internal processes to

produce results

• Some AI researchers assert that the true artificial intelligence will not exist until we have achieved strong equivalence

• Chatbots/Eliza programs have been developed for the Turing Test

Strong AI vs. Weak AI

• Weak AI • The assumption that machines can be programmed to exhibit intelligent

behavior.

• Accepted to varying degrees by a wide audience

• Strong AI • The assumption that machines can be programmed to possess

intelligence and consciousness.

• Widely debated

• Opponents of Strong AI argue that a machine is inherently different from a human and can never think about itself the same a human does.

Robotics

• Robotics is the study of physical, autonomous agents that behave intelligently.

• The development of faster, lighter weight computers has lead to greater research in mobile robots that can move about.

• ASIMO

• Despite great advances, most robots are still not very autonomous. They rely on human operators for intelligence.

Current Progress

• Researched aspects of AI

• Looked in programming examples and how they can be used with ELIZA

• Investigated how ELIZA operates and relates to Turing Test

ELIZA

• ELIZA is a famous program which rephrases many of the user's statements as questions and poses them to the user.

• Example– The response to "My head hurts" might be "Why do

you say your head hurts?" The response to "My mother hates me" might be "Who else in your family hates you?"

• We plan on developing our own intelligent agent that is similar to ELIZA.

• Example