Artificial Intelligence By: David Hunt Lee Evans Jonathan Moreton Rachel Moss.

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Artificial Intelligence By: By: David Hunt David Hunt Lee Evans Lee Evans Jonathan Moreton Jonathan Moreton Rachel Moss Rachel Moss

Transcript of Artificial Intelligence By: David Hunt Lee Evans Jonathan Moreton Rachel Moss.

Page 1: Artificial Intelligence By: David Hunt Lee Evans Jonathan Moreton Rachel Moss.

Artificial Intelligence

By: By:

David HuntDavid Hunt

Lee EvansLee Evans

Jonathan Moreton Jonathan Moreton

Rachel Moss Rachel Moss

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Introduction

What is AI? Theory behind AI The development of AI How AI is being used in the

identification of individuals Current Issues Conclusion

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What is AI?

2 main branches of AI research:BiologicalPhenomenal

Type of AILogicalSearchPattern Recognition

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What Makes AI Intelligent?

Intelligence is the ability to achieve goals in the world

Written in specialist programming languages

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AI In Life And Business

Computer games, Expert systems, Speech recognition

Deep Blue Widely used in businesses to organize

operations

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Interoperation of data

Intelligence is about the interpretation of data Turing test thought of in 1950 Humans remember mental images, machines

raw data

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AI vs Humans

AI – Very precise, can cope with high amounts of data, needs vast amount of hardware power to achieve worthwhile goals

Human – Can react to a situation quickly and (usually) efficiently, highly advanced hardware capabilities, highly adaptable and self sufficient

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Theoretical concepts behind AI

Computers are unable to recognise shapes and recall them like the human mind.

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The human mind uses neurons as the basic unit of memory, and can explain the human minds ability to recall and recognise people for example.

Neural networks have developed as a result of research into the human neuron.

A neural network draws from and emulates the structure of the brain in terms of neurons. These draw from and emulate the structure of the brain in terms of neurons. The networks are made to ‘learn’ from training sessions and repeat what has been learnt when given new data.

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The Artificial Neuron

The Artificial Neuron receives one or more inputs and sum them to produce an output.

The original artificial neuron is the Threshold Logic Unit, it is a step function taking on the values 1 or 0 only, as required by microprocessor technology.

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How AI has developed

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Key Developments in AI 1950 Alan Turing introduces the Turing test

to test of a machine’s capability to perform human-like conversation.

1958 John McCarthy invented the Lisp programming language.

1972 The Prolog programming langauge was developed by Alan Golmeraver.

1974 The first expert system was developed for medical diagnosis and therapy.

1997 The Deep Blue Chess program beats world chess champion.

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Recent Developments

After the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks there has been much interest and funding for threat-detection.

AI systems have potential in this area and why they are being used in the identification of individuals.

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How AI is being used in the identification of Individuals Fingerprint recognition – algorithms

to identify and match minutiae (ridge characteristics to stored images.

Facial recognition – algorithms to find and measure the 14-22 nodal points needed for facial recognition.

Speech recognition – algorithms to match your speech to recorded data allowing it to understand and convert it to data. e.g. text

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How AI is being used in the identification of Individuals – Fingerprint Recognition

The minutiae are extracted from the image and post processed to be easier identify. The ridges are then thinned and then the minutiae are detected. These are then matched to a database.

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In Conclusion…

The field of AI has developed in a short period of time.

These developments are being used in the “War on Terror.”

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Any Questions?