Articulations - Westmont College...Classification of Joints (cont.) Structural Classification...

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Articulations Articulations = Joints An area where two or more bones join together (conjoin)

Transcript of Articulations - Westmont College...Classification of Joints (cont.) Structural Classification...

Page 1: Articulations - Westmont College...Classification of Joints (cont.) Structural Classification According to major connective tissue type Whether there is a fluid-filled joint capsule

Articulations

Articulations = JointsAn area where two or more bones

join together (conjoin)

Page 2: Articulations - Westmont College...Classification of Joints (cont.) Structural Classification According to major connective tissue type Whether there is a fluid-filled joint capsule

Arthrology: study of joints

Page 3: Articulations - Westmont College...Classification of Joints (cont.) Structural Classification According to major connective tissue type Whether there is a fluid-filled joint capsule

Classification of Joints Functional Classification

Based on the degree of motion at eachjoint. Synarthrosis (immovable joint) Amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable) Diarthrosis (freely moveable)

Page 4: Articulations - Westmont College...Classification of Joints (cont.) Structural Classification According to major connective tissue type Whether there is a fluid-filled joint capsule

Classification of Joints (cont.)

Structural Classification According to major connective tissue type Whether there is a fluid-filled joint capsule

Fibrous jointsCartilaginous jointsSynovial joints

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Fibrous Joints Held together by Dense

regular CT (fibrous CT)

Immovable

No joint capsule

Example: sutures of theskull

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Cartilaginous Joint Partially (slightly) movable

joint Held together by hyaline or

fibrocartilage Has no joint capsule Fairly strong

Examples: intervertebraldisks, epiphyseal plates,cartilage between ribs andsternum

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Synovial Joints

Freely movable Most abundant Joint capsule (sleeve

around the joint)

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Details of Synovial Joint

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Movable Synovial Joint

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Types of Synovial Joints Pivot Joint

uniaxial One bone rotates on a

horizontal axis

Ball and Socket Joint multiaxial

Condyloid Joint Biaxial Oval convex surface

articulates with concave

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Page 12: Articulations - Westmont College...Classification of Joints (cont.) Structural Classification According to major connective tissue type Whether there is a fluid-filled joint capsule

Types of Synovial Joints Gliding

Two opposing flatsurfaces slide over eachother

Saddle Consists of two saddle-

shaped articulatingsurfaces at right angles

Hinge Unaxial Convex-concave

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Joint is protected by Synovial capsule Synovial membrane Synovial fluid

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Types of Synovial JointsFunctional classification :

ExamplesMovementJoint

Ankle; Elbow (humeroulna);Interphalangeal.

1 axisHinge

Carpal bones within thewrist, intervertebral.

TranslationGliding

Hip; glenohumeral3 axesBall & socket

Thumb: carpometacarpal3 axesSaddle

Wrist (radius & carpals);Metacarpophalangeal

2 axesCondyloid

Atlanto-axial1 axisPivot

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Joint Related Structures - Ligaments

Ligaments – Very strong bands of fibrous connective tissue, that hold the bones of a joint together.

Ligaments can be inside (intracapsular) and outside (extracapsular) the synovial joint capsule.

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Knee Bursae

Bursa – small fluid filled sacks, help to reduce friction in some major joints.

Joint Related Structures

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Joint Related Structures

Tendons – tough bands ofconnective tissue joiningmuscles to bones.

Typically attach to bones nearthe joints.

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Immovable jointsJoints - Fixed

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Slightly movable jointsJoints –Slightly movable