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431 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH

Development Pocket Book Therapy and Rehabilitation Injury: Business Opportunities on Sport Aspect ServicesInternational Journal of Economic ResearchVolume 15, Number 2, 2018, ISSN : 0972-9380available at http: www.serialsjournals.com

Sport science faculty, Yogyakarta State University Indonesia, E-mail: bambang_pa@uny.ac.id

Abstract: Injuries are often experienced by everyone due to physical activity such as sports, work and more.Therapists and rehabilitation numbers are still not comparable with the population. First aid needs to bedone. Understanding of injury needs to be known to everyone. Until now still needed a guide like a handbaginjury handbook. On the other hand, not many people are interested in doing business services for therapeuticand rehabilitation services. This study aims to develop a pocket book handling sports injuries. And look at thebusiness opportunity perspective of therapeutic services and rehabilitation of sports injuries. This research isincluded in the research and development. Data were collected by questionnaire, and data analysis was performedwith quantitative descriptive with percentage. The results showed that the development of pocket book therapyand foot joint injury rehabilitation results obtained that the product is feasible and meet the rules that apply.On the other hand from the observation and study results it is found that therapeutic and rehabilitationservices are prospective business opportunities to be developed. It can be concluded that therapy andrehabilitation are included in potential business opportunities.

Keywords: pocket book, therapy, rehabilitation, business, services, sports

PRELIMINARY

Sports in the modern era is now very advanced anddeveloped with the application of science and technology.Sports can devide for physical fitness, achievement andrecreation. Sports based on the Constitution of theRepublic of Indonesia number 3 of 2005 about sportssystems that sport is all aspects related with sports thatrequire regulation, education, training, coaching,development and oversight. Then the sport can improvehuman resources healthy and healthy Indonesia. Regularand directed exercise and programmed will improve thecondition of the prime body as revealed by Giri Wiarto,(2013: 163) said that Sports is a systematic musculoskeletalsystem activities and structured with the frequency, intensity,type and time has been determined. Irregular, directed, andprogrammed sports will cause prolonged injury.

Sports injuries result from errors of both externalviolence, internal violence, and overuse, as expressed by

Mukhamad Ikhwan Zein (2016: 7) that sports injuriescan calculated based on the cause. Another opinion fromAndun Sudijandoko (2000: 7) reveals that, sports injuriesare a pain caused by exercise, which can cause disability,injury, and damage to muscles or joints and other partsof the body. occurs when and anywhere, and all sportsare at risk of injury without exception. Sports Injuriescan affect all parts of the body, especially areas that havemotion functions or become the foundation during themove, which is characterized by symptoms of pain,swelling, bruising, abrasions, and broken on the bone.(Ali Satia Graha, 2005: 2). Types of sports injuries thatare often experienced by the perpetrators of many sports,one of the most common is an ankle injury.

Ankle joint injuries usually occur because of sprainsand ankle joint injury is an injury that is often experiencedby the sport but long healing process. Ankle sprains areone of the most common acute injuries experienced by

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 432

Bambang Priyonoadi, Ali Satia Graha, Siswantoyo and Ahmad Fauzi

athletes. The ankle joint is easily injured because it is lessable to resist the medial, lateral, pressure and rotationalforces (Sri Sumartiningsih, 2012: 54). Ankle injuries are adaunting thing for the sportsman, because everyone willbe lazy to exercise and athlete achievement becomesdecreased. Initial observations of both college studentsand practicing athletes resulted in: (1) Many students andathletes during practice and lecture classes suffered bodilyinjury, (2) Many students and injured athletes were unableto continue sports or exercise activities. (3) Injuries thatoccur in students who are in practice and athletes whoare training one of them is ankle joint injury, (4) Bothathletes and many students who do not know help inhandling ankle injuries, (5) Reference or book an ankleinjury handling guide does not exist as a first aid guide.

Based on this background it is necessary to developa pocket book guide handling injury and rehabilitation atthe ankle joint. How to develop a pocket manual forhandling injuries and rehabilitation at ankle joints withankle injuries? This study aims to produce a book productpocket guide handling injuries and rehabilitation at thewrist joints provide an understanding of the handling ofinjury and rehabilitation at the ankle joint.

The development of an injection handbook for injuryand rehabilitation of the ankle joint will be useful forproviding knowledge about the handling of ankle jointinjury and rehabilitation, Providing ease in learning tounderstand and recognize the handling of ankle joint injuryand rehabilitation, facilitate sports actors in providing jointinjury treatment solutions ankle and rehabilitation.

RESEARCH METHODS

Design The research used in this research is research anddevelopment with approach developed by borg and gall.Called research-based development, according toSugiyono (2012: 407), development research method is aresearch method used to produce a particular product,and review the effectiveness of the product or in otherwords to produce a specific product needs analysis needsand to test the effectiveness of the product. Theinstrument in this development study is to use severaldata collection instruments, with questionnaires.Technique of data analysis conducted in this research isquantitative analysis technique.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Learning media developed in the form of learning mediain the form of pocket book. The initial product producedis called “The Handbook of Injury and RehabilitationHandbooks on Ankle Hands” to provide anunderstanding of the handling of injuries andrehabilitation of the ankle joints. Learning media products“The Handbook of Injury and Rehabilitation Handbookson Ankle “ is developed with the concept of introducingways of handling ankle joint injuries to sports actors.Thus, “Handbook of Injury and Rehabil itationHandbooks on Ankle” is expected to be used as aninteresting learning resource and preferred by sportsactors so that it can be an alternative in introducing waysof handling ankle injuries through the media of a pocketbook.

The “Handbook of Hand Wrist Injury Handbookand Rehabilitation of Ankle” products developed is abook that contains material on how to handle injuriesand rehabilitation at the ankle joint with a picture as wellas a simple but clear explanation so that it is expected tobe a guide for the sports actors in deal with ankle injuries.This pocket book also comes with case examples in caseof ankle joint injury and prevention efforts to minimizethe occurrence of ankle joints. Pocket book made withpocket-sized clothes with an attractive appearance that isexpected to be used as a medium of learning by theperpetrators of sports.

The development of instructional media “TheHandbook of Injury Handling and Rehabilitation ofAnkle Hands” is validated by experts in their field, whichis a learning media expert and sports injury materialexpert. This expert review yields several revisions asfollows: In the first stage of validation the percentageobtained 85% can thus be stated that according to thematerial expert, in the first validation stage the pocketbook learning media developed from the contentfeasibility aspects get the category “Eligible”.

In the second stage of validation percentage obtainedincreased from 85% to 95% of the maximum score. Andthe media expert in validating the first phase of thepercentage obtained 73.33% thus can be stated thataccording to media experts, in the first validation stage

433 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH

Development Pocket Book Therapy and Rehabilitation Injury: Business Opportunities on Sport Aspect Services

of learning media pocket book developed from designfeasibility aspects get the category “worthy”. Field testresults obtained total score assessment feasibility of medialearning pocket book according to student respondentsof 85.62% categorized “Eligible”.

Based on small group and large group test trialsshowing results in the “Eligible” category. The results ofthe data obtained are interpreted according topredetermined categories. The categories used in thisdevelopment study are divided into sections, ie for values<40% categorized as inappropriate, 41-55% arecategorized as unfeasible, 56-75% are categorized asreasonable, and 76-100% are categorized as viable.

According to Ali Satia Graha (2009: 25) Massagetherapy sports injury, used for the management of minorinjuries in the lower and upper limbs. One of the injuriesto the lower limbs is an injury to the ankle joint. Early inthe development of this pocket book was designed andproduced into an initial product in the form of a pocketbook guide handling injuries and rehabilitation at anklejoints for sports actors, especially athletes and coaches.Development process through research and developmentprocedures. Through some planning, production andevaluation. Then the product is developed with the helpof photoschape, photoshop CS6, and corel draw, afterthe initial product is produced then need to be evaluatedto the experts through expert validation and need to betested to the students FIK UNY. The evaluation stage isperformed on material experts and media experts. Whilethe research phase is done by small group trials, and largegroup trials.

The material expert validation process generates datathat can be used for revision of the original product. Inthe process of validation of this material expert theresearcher uses two stages of phase I and phase II. Thefirst stage validation data serve as a basis for revising theproduct to refine until the product is ready for testing.Upon completion of the validation of the material expert,it is immediately validated to the media expert. From themedia expert got suggestions and feedback to improvethe quality of the contents of the pocket book beingdeveloped. In the process of media validation of theresearcher through two stages of phase I and phase II.The first stage I media validation data validated the basis

for revising the product, after which the first revisionwas validated again until the product was ready for testing.The trials were conducted in two stages, ie small grouptrial stage, and large group trials.

The quality of this handbook included in the“Eligible” criteria of the statement can be proven by theanalysis of “Eligible” assessment by both the expertmaterial and media expert, as well as in small group trialassessments, and large group trials. This is seen from theprovision of points to the questionnaire questions givenfrom points 1 through 4, points that often appear arepoints 4, then point 3.

Most research subjects are still athletes and are highlyenthusiastic and well-received coaches with a handbookon handling injuries and rehabilitation at these ankle joints,requiring that many pocket books be printed andimmediately circulated to the public.

With the advantages of this product, the weaknessesin this product, including the reader saturation level inreading because the material is quite a lot, the termanatomy is difficult to understand the reader, morefocused on handling injuries, and directly practice itdirectly than first understand the ways to do it. Some ofthese weaknesses, hope for attention and furtherdevelopment efforts to obtain better product results. thisfact wil l increasingly open up opportunities forcontinuous subsequent revamping.

The results of sports questionnaire test of learningmedia of the book of sakumen showed that for theevaluation in terms of appearance of 82.67% which iscategorized as “Eligible”, the material aspect of the bookis 88,19% which is categorized as “Eligible”, legibilityaspect of 85% pocket book. Total assessment offeasibility test of pocketbook learning media accordingto student respondents of 85.62% is categorized as“Eligible”.

Analysis of Pros and Cons of Media

Excess media: Can attract the attention of sports actorsto recognize the handling of ankle injuries; Can be apractical medium for learning for sports; Easy to carrywhile traveling; Can add to the understanding of thehandling of injuries. Media deficiency: Writings that are

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 434

Bambang Priyonoadi, Ali Satia Graha, Siswantoyo and Ahmad Fauzi

too dense that can cause readers to hesitate to read;Anatomical terms that may be difficult for the reader tounderstand.

Analysis of the Pocket book Prespective

Prior to the existence of pocketbook learning media, thereis no media learning that specifically provides anunderstanding of the handling of injuries and rehabilitationat the ankle joint. Learning books design literature withthe media practical and simplified that facilitate the readerlearn the contents of the pocket book material because ofits small and can brought traveling anywhere so it isexpected that sports actors, especially athletes and coachescan recognize and practice ways of handling injury andrehabilitation of the ankle joint properly. From the resultsof the analysis of pocket book learning media duringproduct trial can be described as follows:

Sports Actors: a) Sportmakers are more motivatedthrough pocket book learning media, materials handlingankle injuries more easily understood, the desire of sportsactors to demonstrate the size of a pocket book into apocket or pants. b) The sports practitioner can learn toknow how easy the ankle injury is done. c) Doers of sportsare independent by understanding how to deal with ankleinjuries.

Mapping teraphy and rehabilitation from result ofthe research the results of research related to therapeuticand rehabilitation of sports injuries have begun to bewidely practiced by experts. Based on the results of areview conducted by Eunkuk Kim * and Hokyung Choi,(2015), a mapping summary of the following 8 articleson aquatic physical therapy interventions: design,intervention, outcome, assessment, and results wasperformed.

Table 1Summary of 8 articles of aquatic physical therapy interventions: design, intervention, outcome,

assessment, and results (Eunkuk Kim* and Hokyung Choi, 2015)

Authors Design N Mean age Intervention/ Outcome Assessment/ Results(% female) (SD) Training measures Follow-up

in years

Robinson Repeated Plyometric Sargent vertical Pre-training There were noet al. [18] measures 32 (100) 20.2 (0.3) training in water jump test Mid-training treatment by time

or on land Peak torque (4 weeks) interactions,(3 days a week 40 m sprint Post-training indicating thatfor 8 weeks) Self-report (8 weeks) there were no

ordinal scale performance and(muscle pain sensitivity

soreness) differencesPain between

sensitivity the land- andaquatic-trained

groups (p>0.05).There was asignificant

interaction oftreatment group

by time forperception of

muscle soreness(p=0.01).

Martel Repeated 19 15(1)/14(1) Plyometric Vertical jump Baseline There were significantet al. [19] measures (100) (aquatic training in Isokinetic peak After 2 weeks increases in vertical

group/ aqua or on torque After 4 weeks jump after 4 weekscontrol land (twice a After 6 weeks and 6 weeks in both

contd. table

435 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH

Development Pocket Book Therapy and Rehabilitation Injury: Business Opportunities on Sport Aspect Services

group) week for groups (p<0.05).6 weeks) Significant improvements

in concentric peaktorque were observedin the dominant leg

of both groupsafter 6 weeks (p<0.05).

Roth Repeated 27(62) 21.18(1.24)/ Balance X and Y range Pretest A significant group*et al. [20] measures 22.43(1.81) training of Single leg Mid-test time interaction for

(female/male) program in stance(SL), (2 weeks) the X range was foundaqua or on land Tandem, stance Post-test for SL, SLF, and

(for 4 weeks) (T), and Single (4 weeks) TF (p<0.05).leg foam stance Follow-up The Y range improved(SLF) Tandem test significantly, with

form stance (6 weeks) posttest value lower(TF) than pretest value

(p<0.05).

Stemm Pre-test/ 21 24(2.5) Plyometric VERTEC Pre-test Aquatic and land-basedand Post-test (unknown) training in aqua vertical jump Post-test groups significantlyJacobson or on land test outperformed the[22] (twice a week control group in the

for 6 weeks) vertical jump, but nosignificant difference

was found in thevertical jump betweenthe aquatic and land-

based groups.

Dundar Randomized 65(47) 35.3(7.8)/ Exercise Spinal range of Before the Statistically significantet al. [16] controlled 34.8(8.3) program in motion treatment improvements were

trial (aquatic / aqua or on Schober test After the detected in all outcomeland-based) land (5 times Visual analogue treatment measures except the

a week for scale for pain (after 4 Schober test compared4 weeks) Oswestry low weeks and with baseline

back pain 12 weeks) (p<0.05).disability

questionnaireShort-form 36

health survey forquality of life

Kim Randomized 22(27) 26(4.1) / Early functional Visual analogue Baseline Both groups showedet al [9] controlled 26(3.1) rehabilitation scale for pain After decrease in the visual

trial (aquatic / program in aqua Static stability 2 weeks analogue scale, staticland- or on land Dynamic After and dynamic stability,

based) (5 sessions per stability 4 weeks and percentage single-week for 3 weeks) Percentage limb support time at

single-limb 2 and 4 weekssupport time (p<0.05).

There were significant

Authors Design N Mean age Intervention/ Outcome Assessment/ Results(% female) (SD) Training measures Follow-up

in years

contd. table

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 436

Bambang Priyonoadi, Ali Satia Graha, Siswantoyo and Ahmad Fauzi

group by timeinteractions for the

visual analogue scale,static and dynamic

stability, and percentagesingle-limb support

time(p<0.05).

Asimenia Pretest / 30(46) 20.58 Balance Total anterior- Before the In both groups, balanceet al. [21] Posttest (0.64) program in posterior and program ability of the injured

aqua or on land medial-lateral After the leg was significantly(3 times per stability for program improved after the

week for static stability training period6 weeks) Dynamic (p<0.05).

stability test In the finalmeasurements, no

statistically significantdifferences were

found between theinjured and non-injured.

Nualon Repeated 47(8) 20.79(1.89)/ Functional Single-limb Baseline In the hydrotherapy group,et al. [23] measures 20.04(1.22) rehabilitation hopping test After the time taken for the

(hydro/ program in Ankle joint 6 weeks single-limb hopping testland-based) aqua or on land position sense After decreased significantly

(twice a week 3 months immediately afterfor 6 weeks) exercise and at follow-up

compared with thebase line (p=0.001).In the land-based

group, time taken forthe single-limb

hopping test decreasedsignificantly at follow

up compared withbaseline (p=0.05).

No significantdifferences weredetected between

groups in the anklejoint position sense

(p>0.05).

Authors Design N Mean age Intervention/ Outcome Assessment/ Results(% female) (SD) Training measures Follow-up

in years

The results of this study strengthen the developmentof therapy science and rehabilitation from various aspectsof the study. One of the studies that needs to bedeveloped is on the business opportunity aspects ofsports services related to therapy and rehabilitation ofinjuries. In principle everyone will keep his health, becausehealthy is expensive. So when people are hit by injury it

will immediately find a suitable drug even though the priceof the drug is very expensive. Thus the opportunity forthe development of sports injury services is an excellentopportunity.

Business Opportunities Therapy and RehabilitationServices for Sports Injuries Physical therapists have animportant role to play in the prevention of sports injuries.

437 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH

Development Pocket Book Therapy and Rehabilitation Injury: Business Opportunities on Sport Aspect Services

The process is effective one of risk management andshould be based on a proper risk analysis. Many olderstudies give a misleading impression of the incidence andconsequences of different sports injuries. Older studieson the causes of sports injuries were also poorly designedand misconceptions concerning injury risk factors arecommon. For example, there is little hard evidence thatpoor flexibility and hamstring-quad muscle imbalance aresignificant sports-injury risk factors.

The aquatic environment is ideal for earlyrehabilitation of injuries due to buoyancy, which decreasesthe effects of gravity on the body, and viscosity, whichoffers assistance or resistance [11]. Performing jointmovements in water provides the limb support and allowsthe range of motion, without excessive muscle activation,and a transition to dry matter [12]. Konlian reported thataquatic physical therapy helps athletes return to exerciseearly and speeds up the overall rehabilitation process [11].

The results of the above study are the basis for therapyand rehabilitation. While in Indonesia has its ownuniqueness. The uniqueness is supported by demographicaspects, and the development of existing therapy andrehabilitation science. In the last few years in Indonesiathere are still many unfamiliar masseurs and no certificates,because they are self-taught and hereditary. In the currentdevelopment has begun to emerge expert therapistsresulting from the process of spreading and training. Inone example, the number of educated masseurs is notenough, while every event always needs masseur servicesto accompany the athletes. On the other hand in thecommunity many people who encountered fatigue andinjury, so the service has not been taken by many people.

In this case it can be exemplified that there is a personwho initially does not have a job, and then follow themassage training with diligence and focus after a longpractice that finally was said to have been able to dotherapy. Such a person does not have a high educationcertificate, but has a knack for massage. Currently patientswho come for an average injury therapy every day 20people. The patients give an average service of 50thousand, in a month work for 25 days. So the averageincome in a day of 20 people x 50 thousand = 1 million.If one month work 25 days then the income of 1 millionx 25 days = 25 million rupiah per month. The result if

converted with the result of government employees isequivalent to the group IV carrier. Whereas to reachGroup IV takes a long time and undergraduate degree.With this analogy, the business of therapeutic servicesand rehabilitation of the sport is very big opportunity tobe developed in Indonesia.

CONCLUSION

The results of a pocket book media development studyguiding the handling of injuries and rehabilitation of anklejoints are categorized as worthy of use as a medium ofinstruction to provide an understanding of how to dealwith injuries and rehabilitation of ankle joints againstsports actors. This can be seen from the results of theassessment of material experts 95% and media experts85% and based on the results of small group trials 85.25%and large group trials 85.62%. The results of the reviewand observation that the service of rehabilitation therapyand rehabilitation is a very prospective opportunity forthe development of entrepreneurship or sports business.

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