Article 1 - The Role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Human Resources...

8/13/2019 Article 1 - The Role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Human Resources Development

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The role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in HumanResources

Development: The case of Tumba College of Technology (TCT) R!anda

"ame of first author:

Engr. Ayuba Anza Usman MNSE

Tumba College of TechnologyP.O. Box 66 ! "ul#n$oTel%fax& '()*+ )!* !,

Nor-hern Pro #nce/ebs#-e& 000.-c-.ac.r0

E1ma#l& aausman2-c-.ac.r0 or $a-ss(***2yahoo.com

"ame of second author:

Eng. 3a-abaz# Pascal

Tumba College of TechnologyP.O. Box 66 ! "ul#n$oTel%fax& '()*+ )!* !,

Nor-hern Pro #nce/ebs#-e& 000.-c-.ac.r0

E1ma#l& 4ga-abaz#2-c-.ac.r0 or 4ga-abaz#2yahoo.com

#bstract:

5es4#-e "0an$a grea- geogra4h#c cul-ural an$ $emogra4h#c $# ers#-y #- shares many challengesan$ #ssues -ha- are fun$amen-al -o #m4ro #ng -he 7ual#-y an$ rele ance of T8ET as a means ofhuman resources $e elo4men-. "0an$a mus- cons#$er a coheren- s-ra-egy for human $e elo4men-#n 0h#ch T8ET 4lays an #m4or-an- role. Among -he cr#-#cal #ssues -ha- mus- be cons#$ere$ 0hen

4lann#ng T8ET 4rograms -o $e elo4 "0an$a human resources are -he follo0#ng& Po4ula-#ongro0-h an$ urban#za-#on9 4o er-y an$ lac: of #ncome1genera-#ng ca4ac#-y9 #ncrease $eman$s forl#-eracy an$ secon$ary an$ -echn#cal e$uca-#on9 an$ 4ollu-#on an$ en #ronmen-al $egra$a-#on.

The success of T8ET #n any $e elo4#ng coun-ry can be cons#$ere$ a :ey #n$#ca-or of -he coun-ry;s a$ ancemen- #n$e elo4men-. Any coun-ry -ha- e ol e$ #n-o a -echnolog#cal a$ ance$ one T8ET mus- ha e 4laye$ an ac-# e an$

#-al role as s:#lle$ man4o0er 0oul$ ha e been re7u#re$ also -o enable #-s sus-a#nab#l#-y.
http://www.tct.ac.rw/http://www.tct.ac.rw/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.tct.ac.rw/http://www.tct.ac.rw/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.tct.ac.rw/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.tct.ac.rw/


2/16

The cho#ce of -h#s 4a4er -#-le 0as $one ha #ng carefully cons#$ere$ -he follo0#ng fac-ors&o Afr#can Un#on $ec#s#on a- or$#nary sess#on hel$ a- anuary (**6

0h#ch con-a#n -he 4lan of ac-#on for (**61(*,). Mos- cons4#cuous #n -he $ec#s#onmember s-a-es 0ere calle$ u4on -o accelera-e an$ ex4an$ 4ro #s#on of 7ual#-y e$uca-#onfor sus-a#nable $e elo4men-.

o Em4has#s con-a#ne$ #n -he o4en#ng s4eech by -he ?on. M#n#s-er of s-a-e for E$uca-#on a--he @o#n- 0or:sho4 be-0een -echn#cal schools an$ #n$us-r#al sec-or "0an$a on Se4-ember,! (** .

o "0an$a -arge-s on #s#on (*(* an$ Econom#c 5e elo4men- an$ Po er-y "e$uc-#onS-ra-eg#es 'E5P"S+.

?o0e er -h#s 4a4er shall un$er4#n -he ma@or a--r#bu-es of T8ET us#ng TCT as reference #ns-#-u-#on

0h#ch shall ser e as a ca-alys- -o human resources $e elo4men- -hroughou- 4ro #$e$ -he follo0#ng s-e4s are

-a:en&o lex#ble an$ #n$us-ry le$ curr#culum -ha- #n-egra-es #nno a-#ons oca-#onal an$

general e$uca-#on an$ -ha- #s $el# ere$ -hrough a mul-#$#mens#onal a44roach

o ncor4ora-e ne0 e$uca-#on%-ra#n#ng -echnolog#es #n-o T8ET 4rograms

o ncrease #n-erna-#onal an$ reg#onal coo4era-#on -o s-reng-hen T8ET

o ncrease fun$#ng of ac-# #-#es rele an- -o -he 4romo-#on of T8ET

$% &ntroduction:

Techn#cal an$ oca-#onal e$uca-#on an$ -ra#n#ng 'T8ET+ refers -o e$uca-#on an$ -ra#n#ng -ha- 4re4ares 4ersons for ga#nful em4loymen- ' #nch an$ Crun:#l-on ,DDD+. n o-her 0or$s T8ET refers-o $el#bera-e #n-er en-#ons -o br#ng abou- learn#ng 0h#ch 0oul$ ma:e 4eo4le more

4ro$uc-# e 'or s#m4ly a$e7ua-ely 4ro$uc-# e+ #n $es#gna-e$ areas of econom#c ac-# #-y 'e.g.econom#c sec-ors occu4a-#ons s4ec#f#c 0or: -as:s+. T8ET has -he 4o-en-#al -o enhance humanca4ab#l#-#es an$ enlarge 4eo4les; cho#ces. The benef#-s of T8ET nee$ -o be more e7u#-ably$#s-r#bu-e$ be-0een men an$ 0omen an$ be-0een rural an$ urban areas.

The beg#nn#ng of T8ET #s $#ff#cul- -o -race as #- conno-es s:#lls an$ com4e-enc#es 0h#ch has been

embe$$e$ #n sur4lus of o-her h#s-or#es. The 4erce4-#on of -he or#g#n of T8ET by many #s #n$# erse 0ays. ?o0e er general e$uca-#on an$ -ra#n#ng began #n 4re1h#s-ory 0#-h -he -ransm#ss#onof :no0le$ge an$ cul-ure from one genera-#on -o -he nex-. The use of -ools beg#nn#ng 0#-h -hosema$e from s-ones e ol e$ as humans e ol e$. n -he 4re1h#s-or#c hunting and gatheringsoc#e-ys:#lls 0ere 4asse$ from 4aren- -o ch#l$ as members of small usually rela-e$ m#gra-ory grou4s.The -rans#-#on from -h#s s-age -o -he se--le$ cul-# a-#on of cro4s mar:s -he beg#nn#ngs ofc# #l#za-#on an$ 0#-h #- recor$e$ h#s-ory. The e$uca-#on an$ -ra#n#ng -ha- occurre$ #s bes-embo$#e$ #n -he Chinese proverb: ' ive a man a fish and he !ill eat for a day% Teachhimho! to fish and he !ill eat for a lifetime%


3/16

The /orl$ Ban: n-erna-#onal Fabour Organ#za-#on ' FO+ Un#-e$ Na-#ons E$uca-#onal Sc#en-#f#can$ Cul-ural Organ#za-#on 'UNESCO+ an$ o-her organ#za-#ons ha e recen-ly sho0n $r# e -o0ar$sac-# ely recogn#z#ng a ne0 -he role of T8ET. ?o0e er UNESCO 0ho #s a- -he forefron- of T8ET

4romo-#on ha$ -he follo0#ng ob@ec-# es es-abl#she$ a- -he Seoul Congress 'UNESCO ,DDD+&1 To 4ro #$e T8ET for all91 To or#en- T8ET for sus-a#nable $e elo4men-91 To s-reng-hen T8ET as an #n-egral com4onen- of l#felong learn#ng.

One of -he :ey goals of -he E$uca-#on for All 'E A+ rame0or: for Ac-#on a$o4-e$ #n 5a:arSenegal #n (*** 'UNESCO (***+ s-#4ula-es -ha- -he learn#ng nee$s of all you-h an$ a$ul-s shoul$ beme- -hrough access -o a44ro4r#a-e learn#ng an$ l#fe1s:#lls 4rogrammes. S#nce -h#s #s bas#cally 0ha-T8ET $oes -he l#n:age be-0een -he -0o -hrus-s alrea$y ex#s-s bu- mus- be s-reng-hene$ an$ broa$ene$#n -he fu-ure.

T8ET can -a:e 4lace e#-her #n formal schools '#.e. :#n$ergar-en -hrough -o gra$e ,( or , + or#ncreas#ngly #n 4os-1secon$ary commun#-y an$%or -echn#cal colleges or #nformally by means of-ra#n#ng a- -he 0or:4lace an$ #ncreas#ngly by $#s-ance me$#a. T8ET 4re4ares learners for s4ec#f#c

@obs or -y4es of 0or: of-en #nclu$#ng 4rac-#cal an$%or 4roce$ural ac-# #-#es. The aim of TVET is toenable learners to meet needs of employers for *ualified labour and+or o!n needsrelated toproduction of goods and services% ,-.ills training #n general $eno-es $e elo4men- of7ual#f#ca-#ons #n -he same l#ne bu- 0#-h a more l#m#-e$ sco4e an$ olume of -ra#n#ng of-enfocuss#ng on 4erformance of one -as: 'e.g. o4era-#on of a s4ec#f#c mach#ne+ or a l#m#-e$ se- of-as:s 'e.g. $#fferen- -y4es of 0el$#ng+.

A- a UNESCO Ex4er- Mee-#ng hel$ #n Bonn 3ermany () -o (! Oc-ober (**= a44roaches an$ 4rac-#ces0ere 4resen-e$ -o #llus-ra-e -he con-r#bu-#on -ha- T8ET ha$ ma$e -o0ar$s a moresustainable future% ,/earning for !or.0 citi1enship and a sustainable future #s a

@o#n-res4ons#b#l#-y of e$uca-#on of -he 0orl$ of 0or: an$ of a ar#e-y of s-a:ehol$ers #n -he formal an$#nformal soc#o1econom#c en #ronmen-.

- 0as con-en$e$ -ha- s#nce e$uca-#on #s cons#$ere$ -he :ey -o effec-# e $e elo4men- s-ra-eg#es

-echn#cal an$ oca-#onal e$uca-#on an$ -ra#n#ng 'T8ET+ mus- be -he mas-er :ey -ha- can alle #a-e 4o er-y 4romo-e 4eace conser e -he en #ronmen- #m4ro e -he 7ual#-y of l#fe for all an$ hel4 ach#e esus-a#nable $e elo4men-. /#-h -h#s T8ET has -o re1or#en- #-s agen$a for ac-#on so as -o con-#nually

4ro #$e sc#en-#f#c an$ -echn#cal s:#lls #n rele an- an$ res4ons# e 4rograms an$conse7uen-#ally $e elo4 a ne0 genera-#on of human resources.

n general con-ex- Sus-a#nable 5e elo4men- comb#nes -hree 4r#nc#4al as4ec-s&


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Economic & An econom#cally sus-a#nable sys-em mus- be able -o 4ro$uce goo$s an$ser #ces on a con-#nu#ng bas#s an$ -o a o#$ sec-oral #mbalances be-0een such areas asagr#cul-ural an$ #n$us-r#al 4ro$uc-#on.

Environmental & An en #ronmen-ally sus-a#nable sys-em mus- ma#n-a#n a s-able resource base a o#$#ng o er1ex4lo#-a-#on of rene0able resource sys-ems an$ $e4le-#ng non1rene0able resources only -o -he ex-en- -o 0h#ch a$e7ua-e subs-#-u-es can be $e elo4e$.The conce4- #nclu$es ma#n-enance of ecosys-em func-#ons such as b#o$# ers#-y an$a-mos4her#c s-ab#l#-y -hus a$$ress#ng resources -ha- are -ra$#-#onally no- cons#$ere$ aseconom#c resources.

-ocial & A soc#ally sus-a#nable sys-em mus- ach#e e $#s-r#bu-#onal e7u#-y a$e7ua-e 4ro #s#on of soc#al ser #ces #nclu$#ng heal-h an$ e$uca-#on gen$er e7u#-y as 0ell as 4ol#-#cal accoun-ab#l#-y an$ 4ar-#c#4a-#on -o 4romo-e ac-# e c#-#zensh#4.

The o err#$#ng ob@ec-# e #s 7ual#-y of l#fe.

T8ET #s a mos- effec-# e means for soc#e-y -o $e elo4 #-s members; 4o-en-#als -o res4on$ -o -hechallenges of -he fu-ure. ?o0e er schools an$ o-her #ns-#-u-#ons of -he formal e$uca-#on sys-em alonecanno- ach#e e e$uca-#on an$ -ra#n#ng for sus-a#nable $e elo4men- #n -erms of humanresources. n mos- Afr#can coun-r#es o ers#gh- res4ons#b#l#-y for T8ET #s share$ #n general

be-0een -he m#n#s-r#es res4ons#ble for e$uca-#on or -echn#cal e$uca-#on an$ labour or em4loymen-al-hough some s4ec#al#se$ oca-#onal -ra#n#ng 4rogrammes '#n agr#cul-ure heal-h -rans4or- e-c.+ fallun$er -he su4er #s#on of -he sec-or m#n#s-r#es.

$%$% R!anda scenario for human resources development through TVET:n s4#-e of "0an$a grea- geogra4h#c econom#c cul-ural an$ $emogra4h#c $# ers#-y #- shares many

common challenges an$ #ssues -ha- are fun$amen-al -o #m4ro #ng -he 7ual#-y an$ rele ance ofT8ET -o ga#n a com4e-#-# e e$ge #n -he mar:e- economy of -he (, s- cen-ury. "0an$a mus-cons#$er a coheren- s-ra-egy for human ca4#-al $e elo4men- #n 0h#ch T8ET 4lays an #m4or-an-role. ?o0e er #n or$er -o effec-# ely -ac:le -h#s 4roblem human resource $e elo4men- 4lans mus-

be clearly cas- 0#-h#n an$ s#mul-aneously l#n:e$ -o -he econom#c $e elo4men- #s#on of "0an$a.

The success of T8ET #n any $e elo4#ng coun-ry can be cons#$ere$ a :ey #n$#ca-or of -he coun-ry;sa$ ancemen- #n $e elo4men-. Any coun-ry -ha- e ol e$ #n-o a -echnolog#cal a$ ance$ one T8ET mus-ha e 4laye$ an ac-# e an$ #-al role as s:#lle$ man4o0er 0oul$ ha e been re7u#re$ also -o enable #-ssus-a#nab#l#-y.

n "0an$a Sc#ence an$ Technology #n e$uca-#on #s also emerg#ng as a :ey 4r#or#-y area 0#-h#n -hesec-or recogn#s#ng #-s role #n human resource $e elo4men- for "0an$a. Th#s for0ar$1loo:#ng

4lan base$ on $eclare$ -arge-s an$ #n$#ca-ors #s an #ns-rumen- -o ma:e -he E$uca-#on Sec-or Pol#cyo4era-#onal an$ #s $es#gne$ -o ass#s- #n re$uc#ng 4o er-y 0#-h#n "0an$a 0h#le crea-#ng afoun$a-#on for our #s#on of econom#c $e elo4men- base$ u4on a44l#ca-#ons of $e elo4men- s:#llsan$ -echnology.


5/16

ur-hermore #n-erna-#onal com4e-#-# eness an$ em4loymen- crea-#on ser e as -0#n 4reroga-# es #n-he con-ex- of "0an$a $e elo4men-. The 4ro #s#on of rele an- an$ a44ro4r#a-e s:#lls re4resen-s as#gn#f#can- elemen- of -he o erall $e elo4men- 4a-h0ay of -he coun-ry. S:#lls $e elo4men- #n all-echn#cal sec-or -a:es on an #ncreas#ngly #m4or-an- role #n #r-ually all $#alogue of na-#onal$e elo4men- more so #n -he a$ en- of global#sa-#on #n an e er #ncreas#ng :no0le$ge economy. Th#s

4ro #$es -he bas#s for #n-erna-#onal com4e-#-# eness.

n$ee$ -he ca4ac#-y of any coun-ry -o a--rac- a44ro4r#a-e an$ rele an- #n es-men- #s $e4en$en- on-he 4ool of s:#lls a a#lable 'Bro0n e- al. (**, +. The $e elo4men- of #n-erme$#a-e1le el s:#lls forexam4le #n nforma-#on an$ Commun#ca-#on Technology ' CT+ -herefore hol$s -he 4rom#se of#n-erna-#onal com4e-#-# eness by a--rac-#ng much1nee$e$ #n es-men- o44or-un#-#es an$ #n -he"0an$a frame0or: #n #-s ab#l#-y -o 4ro #$e -he bas#s for em4loymen- crea-#on an$ humanresources $e elo4men-. The role of CT 0h#ch #s also one of -he :ey focus of T8ET #n na-#onal

$e elo4men- -herefore mus- no- be un$eres-#ma-e$.

Of course real#-y #s ne er so s#m4le 0h#ch 4ar-ly ex4la#ns 0hy T8ET $oes no- ach#e eacce4-ance by all. Mos- T8ET #m4lemen-ers 'rele an- #ns-#-u-#on hea$s+ 4o#n- -o -he hea yex4enses re7u#re$ -o $e elo4 curr#cula -ra#n s-aff an$ e7u#4 classrooms for -hese s4ec#al#ze$sub@ec-s 0h#ch generally cos- -hree -#mes more -han aca$em#c courses. Ge- for many 4aren-s an$s-u$en-s #- rema#ns a Hsecon$1class; e$uca-#on. The -ru-h #s -ha- T8ET 4ro #$es -ra#n#ng bu- no- -heguaran-ee of a @ob. E en -he 0orl$;s mos- so4h#s-#ca-e$ an$ ex4ens# e 4rogramme #s $oome$ -ofa#l #f -he labour mar:e- canno- absorb -he s-u$en-s $es4#-e -he#r s:#lls an$ ex4ec-a-#ons.

- mus- be recogn#ze$ -ha- T8ET #s a com4lex $#fferen-#a-e$ soc#o1econom#c sys-em by #-self 0h#ch#s #nfluence$ by #n ol e$ #n$# #$uals s-a-e an$ com4an#es%economy 1 0h#ch ha e 4ar-ly $#fferen-#n-eres-s.


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&n thiscircumstance

TVET has to be

understood asa ,serviceprovider for

individuals economy an$ society .

Relationship bet!een TVET and /abor mar.et:

2ualifications: Su44ly1S#$e

-ide

T8ET

2ualifications: 5eman$1S#$e

n#-#al Tra#n#ng

ur-her Tra#n#ngEm4loymen-sys-em

Tra#n#ng an$ /or:#ng /or:#ng an$ Tra#n#ng

n recogn#-#on of -he ser #ce func-#on of T8ET regar$#ng -he labor mar:e- an$ #-s $e elo4men--here shoul$ be ex#s- rele an- elemen-s #n T8ET 0h#ch can a$$ress s4ec#f#c 7ues-#ons an$ $eman$ of-he labor mar:e-.

SEAMEO '(**,+ #$en-#f#e$ ele en #m4or-an- -ren$s an$ $#rec-#ons for T8ET #n #-s memberna-#ons as follo0s&

o Clear na-#onal 4ol#c#es for T8ET9o The conce4- of l#felong learn#ng9o Com4e-ency1base$ -ra#n#ng 'CBT+9o 5e elo4men- of $eman$1$r# en T8ET9o lex#ble T8ET $el# ery sys-ems9o Encourag#ng a com4e-#-# e s4#r#- among T8ET 4ro #$ers9o S-rong 4ubl#c T8ET sys-ems9o "ecogn#-#on of T8ET9o Iual#-y ou-4u- an$ ou-come9o "esearch an$ e alua-#on -o #m4ro e T8ET9o A44ren-#cesh#4 sys-ems.

rom "0an$an 0or:#ng 4o4ula-#on #n$ex ' eb (**)+


7/16

JAgr#cul-ure '!!.6K+9 J/or:ers s4ec#al#ze$ #n ser #ces ' . K+9 JFaborers non1agr#cul-ure

uns:#lle$ 0or:ers an$ eh#cle $r# ers ' .,K+9 JBus#ness an$ -ra$ers '(.6K+9 JProfess#onals

an$ ass#m#la-e$ assoc#a-es ',.6K+9 an$ JManufac-ur#ng #n$us-ry '*.!K+.

All han$s mus- be on $ec: -o 4romo-e T8ET ac-# #-#es 0h#ch #s a :ey -o s:#lle$ soc#e-y. The

success of -h#s canno- be h#nge$ ou-s#$e a$o4-#on of -he abo e -ren$s an$ $#rec-#ons recommen$e$

by SEAMEO.

3% TCT as a catalyst of change for Human Resources Development in R!anda

The 7ues-#on of ho0 -o re$uce unem4loymen- un$er1em4loymen- an$ also re$uce -he m#sma-ch be-0een s:#lls an$ @obs 0h#le s#mul-aneously crea-#ng -he ne0 4ro$uc-# e @obs an$ #m4ro #ng

7ual#-y of l#fe of -he 0or:er are some of -he core #ssues -ha- concern 0#-h human resources

$e elo4men-. TCT has cons#$ere$ an$ a- -he same -#me a$$ress#ng mos- of -hese #ssues by

#m4lemen-#ng a44ro4r#a-e curr#culum #nno a-# e -eacher1-ra#n#ng an$ s-reng-hen#ng s:#ll an$

com4e-enc#es $e elo4men-.

Tumba College of Technology 'TCT+ 1 "0an$a #s na-#onal #ns-#-u-#on es-abl#she$ #n (** an$off#c#ally #naugura-e$ >une (**! -o a$$ress -he cr#-#cal nee$s for -echn#cal an$ en-re4reneursh#4

s:#lle$ man4o0er also #m4ro #ng -he 7ual#-y an$ rele ance of T8ET. The mos- cr#-#cal areas

#e0e$ by -he go ernmen- necessa-#ng TCT es-abl#shmen- 0ere -hose -ha- s4ur ra4#$ $e elo4men-

such as nforma-#on Technology ' T+ Elec-ron#cs L Telecommun#ca-#on 'ET+ an$ Al-erna-# e

Energy 'AE+. TCT #s en-#rely $e o-e$ -o -he cause of s-reng-hen#ng -ra#n#ng research an$

$e elo4men- ac-# #-#es -ha- fac#l#-a-es human resources $e elo4men-.

TCT 4ission

o To 4ro$uce -echn#c#ans 0#-h com4e-en- han$s1on s:#lls 0or: a--#-u$e an$ :no0le$ge ofA, le el

o To ensure h#gh 7ual#-y -echn#cal e$uca-#on rele an- -o -he #n$us-r#al an$ soc#al nee$s


8/16

o To con-r#bu-e -o -he econom#c $e elo4men- of "0an$a -hrough 4ro #$#ng -he 4rac-#cal-echn#c#ans -o -he #n$us-ry an$ encourag#ng en-re4reneursh#4

TCT Vision

o To be a lea$#ng -echn#cal e$uca-#on cen-er of excellence con-r#bu-#ng -o -he sc#en-#f#c an$-echnolog#cal $e elo4men- of "0an$a an$ -he reg#on.

o To be a mo$el #ns-#-u-#on crea-#ng ne0 alues -hrough -he ac-# #-#es of #n1school en-urean$ su44or- of en-re4reneursh#4.

TCT occu4#es a un#7ue 4os#-#on #n "0an$a -echn#cal e$uca-#on as #- 4ro #$es lea$ersh#4 an$encourages #nno a-#ons #n T8ET -hrough&

,. Par-#c#4a-#on #n na-#onal curr#culum $e elo4men- an$ curr#culum rene0al

(. Tra#n#ng an$ u4gra$#ng of -eachers an$ -eacher -ra#ners for #m4ro #ng 7ual#-y

. n-egra-#ng emerg#ng areas of concern #n-o T8ET curr#culum for sus-a#nab#l#-y an$global#sa-#on9

=. Promo-#ng -he conce4- of human resources $e elo4men- #n "0an$a -hroughcollabora-#ons 0#-h rele an- #ns-#-u-#ons organ#sa-#ons an$ #n$us-r#es.

TCT carr#es ou- #-s 4rograms -hrough s-rong 4ar-nersh#4 an$ collabora-#on 0#-h o-her local an$

#n-erna-#onal #ns-#-u-#ons also >a4an n-erna-#onal Coo4era-#on Agency '> CA+ for max#m#z#ngeff#c#ency an$ effec-# eness. Ac:no0le$g#ng > CA #mmense su44or- an$ successes of#m4lemen-#ng T8ET #n some Afr#can coun-r#es mos- 4rom#nen-ly 3hana Ugan$a Mala0# an$o-hers an$ #-s ex#s-#ng ne-0or: #n o-her coun-r#es fur-her s-reng-hens -he con-r#bu-#on of TCT #n -hearena of T8ET here #n "0an$a.

TCT has a branch cam4us a- ob o44or-un#-#es J n$us-r#al -ra#n#ng o44or-un#-#es J Ne0-echnolog#es J 5#g#-al arch# es J Alumn# ne-0or: J Sof-1loan #nforma-#on e-c.


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5 TCT 6ar.

Bes#$e -he regular aca$em#c 4rograms -o -he s-u$en-s -he Branch Cam4us 0#ll be u-#l#ze$ forconnec-#ng TCT -o -he commun#-y an$ #n$us-ry. As -he #n-erface -o -he ou-s#$e 0orl$ TCT Par: #s

4lanne$ for -he follo0#ng ac-# #-#es.

JExh#b#-#on of fabr#ca-e$%cons-ruc-e$ -echnolog#es by s-u$en-s%-ra#nees JTechnolog#es of each$e4ar-men- are $emons-ra-e$.

5 Trainings for other institutions

8ar#ous :#n$s of -ra#n#ng rele an- -o T ET an$ AE f#el$s are been con$uc-e$ for -he -echn#c#anscom4any s-aff an$ members of -he soc#e-y. Some of -he -ra#n#ng courses #nclu$e -he follo0#ng&

7ield &T ET #E

Course 1Com4u-er l#-eracy 1"e4a#rs an$ assembly of 1 ns-alla-#on an$elec-ron#cs an$ -elecom ma#n-enance of solar home

1CCNAe7u#4men- sys-ems

1Ne-0or:#ng1 ns-alla-#on an$ 15es#gn an$ cons-ruc-#on of ma#n-enance of elec-ron#c #m4ro e$ coo:#ng s-o e1"e4a#rs of com4u-er secur#-y sys-ems

har$0are15es#gn cons-ruc-#on an$

1 ns-alla-#on an$ ma#n-enance of B#ogas1Sof-0are $e elo4men-ma#n-enance of PAB sys-ems

sys-ems

5 &ncubations for entrepreneurship

As a resul- of s:#ll ac7u#s#-#on by mos- TCT gra$ua-es -hey are ex4ec-e$ -o s-ar- -he#r o0n bus#ness. /#-h a #e0 -o 4romo-e -h#s ac-# #-y a consul-an- has s#nce been engage$ 0here more-han )*K of -he f#nal year s-u$en-s are su44or-e$. TCT #ncuba-es -he en-re4reneurs 0#-h ar#oussu44or-s such as&

JSmall off#ce s4ace 0#-h m#n#mum fac#l#-#es JTechn#cal su44or- J #nanc#al a$ #ceJ nforma-#on access.


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5

Consultancy services

Consul-ancy ser #ces are cons#$ere$ -o be a- -he forefron- of TCT -arge-s as #- has $#rec- bear#ng onhuman resources $e elo4men- as such -h#s shall be effec-# ely a$m#n#s-ere$.

O er -he las- -0o years TCT has con-r#bu-e$ s#gn#f#can-ly #n $e elo4#ng T8ET #n "0an$a-hrough #-s 4rograms. TCT ac-# #-#es enable$ us -o #$en-#fy -he #ssues 4roblems an$ s-ra-eg#es

0h#ch are cr#-#cal for effec-# e human resources $e elo4men- -hrough T8ET. Th#s 4a4er #s$e o-e$ -o ex4lor#ng -he ex4er#ences rela-e$ -o emerg#ng $#rec-#ons for human resources$e elo4men- -hrough T8ET an$ 4#n4o#n-#ng some elemen-s of success 0#-h focus on "0an$a.

#g., Belo0 sho0s a general o er #e0 of ac-# #-#es 0#-h TCT1


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',+ To enhance -he rela-#onsh#4 be-0een TCT an$ 4ubl#c%4r# a-e sec-or.


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o nforma-#on cen-er for @ob o44or-un#-y

o n$us-r#al a--achmen- 4rogram

o Fa-es- -echn#cal #nforma-#on

'(+ To #m4ro e -he aca$em#c an$ -ra#n#ng 4rograms of TCT.

o S-aff -ra#n#ng for TCT

o Consul-ancy

o Curr#culum re #e0

o 3ues- -eacher

' + To con-r#bu-e -o soc#al $e elo4men- -hrough collabora-#on be-0een 4ubl#c%4r# a-e sec-or an$TCT.

o Pro #$#ng -ra#n#ng #n -he rele an- f#el$

o Sem#nars

o Collabora-#on research

1 6artnership !ith &nternational &nstitutions

TCT has also es-abl#she$ a ne-0or: 0#-h some -echn#cal #ns-#-u-#ons abroa$ -ha- 0ere successful #n-erms -remen$ous ach#e emen- 0#-h -he#r con-r#bu-#on -o -he#r res4ec-# e coun-r#es man4o0er.

These #ns-#-u-#ons also ha$ -echn#cal cor4ora-#on an$ su44or- from > CA as such -hey 0ere#$en-#f#e$ su#-able for -he collabora-#on. The #ns-#-u-#ons an$ coo4era-# e ac-# #-#es are as follo0s.

6otential &nstitutions #ctivities

1 EEP S 'Surabaya n$ones#a+

1 Tr#bu an Un# ers#-y '


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7or more information on the dynamism of TCT activities0 visit !!!%tct%ac%r!%

8pportunities and challenges

Belo0 are some of -he :ey o44or-un#-#es #n T8ET&o 3lobal#za-#on #s 4rom4-#ng go ernmen-s -o -a:e rene0e$ #n-eres- #n T8ET form of

e$uca-#on.o n na-#ons 0here unem4loymen- #s en$em#c T8ET 4ar-#cularly #n areas fos-er#ng

en-re4reneursh#4 an$ small en-er4r#ses becomes #ncreas#ngly #m4or-an- for -he fu-ure.T#la: '(** + charac-er#zes T8ET as an He7u#-y measure; because #- 4romo-es He7u#-y 0#-h arural b#as an$ ser es -he nee$s of rela-# ely 4oor 4eo4le; as 0ell as be#ng an Han-#$o-e -ourban1b#ase$ el#-e e$uca-#on; '4. 6 )+.

o There #s no 7ues-#on as -o -he #m4or-ance of s:#lls $e elo4men- for re$uc#ng 4o er-yo The #ncreas#ng #m4or-ance -ha- Afr#can go ernmen-s no0 a--ach -o T8ET #s reflec-e$ #n

-he ar#ous Po er-y "e$uc-#on S-ra-egy Pa4ers -ha- go ernmen-s ha e $e elo4e$ #ncollabora-#on 0#-h The /orl$ Ban:.

or UNESCO T8ET goes beyon$ -he narro0 conf#nes of econom#c 4lann#ng. - #s 4ar- of a larger#s#on for 4romo-#ng sus-a#nable $e elo4men-. S#nce #-s foun$#ng UNESCO has been $e elo4#ng

recommen$a-#ons an$ organ#z#ng 4ol#cy $eba-es 0h#le ser #ng as a 4ol#cy a$ #sor forgo ernmen-s -ry#ng -o reform or crea-e oca-#onal e$uca-#on sys-ems.

Challenges:o The urgen- challenge #s -herefore -o br#$ge -he $eman$ for @obs 0#-h -he ac-ual nee$s of

soc#e-y. Pol#-#cally go ernmen-s canno- affor$ no- -o #n es- #n -he s:#lls of fu-ure

genera-#ons.o The mage an$ S-a-us of T8ET has cons#s-en-ly face$ 4roblems as #- #s 4erce# e$ by

some as secon$1class. These $#ff#cul-#es mus- be me- 0#-h a rene0e$ effor- -o ra#se -he 4ubl#c 4erce4-#on of T8ET.

o The Promo-#on of T8ET for 3#rls an$ /omen -h#s #s essen-#ally an #ssue of access -oT8ET an$ once g#rls an$ 0omen en-er T8ET #ns-#-u-#ons ho0 -hey are rece# e$ an$accommo$a-e$. A--rac-#ng more female #ns-ruc-ors an$ a$m#n#s-ra-ors #n-o T8ET #s ama@or challenge #n -he fu-ure.

o T8ET ac#l#-#es an$ E7u#4men-& There #s a ma@or 4roblem assoc#a-e$ 0#-h h#gh cos- ofcons-ruc-#on e7u#4men- ma#n-enance an$ -he 4ro #s#on of consumable -ra#n#ng ma-er#als."ou-#ne an$ 4re en-# e ma#n-enance ha e also cons-#-u-e$ 4ers#s-en- 4roblems.

o T8ET Teachers; Con$#-#ons of Ser #ce #n mos- coun-r#es are no- -he same 0#-h -hose #naca$em#cs as such9 #- ser es as a $emo-# a-#ng fac-or.

o /or:4lace ?eal-h an$ Safe-y& ? 8%A 5S u4on you-h an$ 0or:#ng1age 4o4ula-#ons #s ama@or challenge -o be face$ by T8ET. ? 8%A 5S -he ery e$uca-# e 4rocess #s #n

@eo4ar$y.o T8ET Curr#culum "eform an$ 5e elo4men- effec- on labour mar:e-. n o-her na-#ons

for a ar#e-y of reasons em4loyers 4refer -o em4loy un-ra#ne$ you-h or Haca$em#c;
http://www.tct.ac.rw./http://www.tct.ac.rw./http://www.tct.ac.rw./http://www.tct.ac.rw./


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gra$ua-es an$ 4ro #$e on1-he1@ob -ra#n#ng. One sal#en- -ren$ #s -he gro0#ng con ergence be-0een T8ET an$ Haca$em#c; curr#cula resul-#ng from -echnolog#cal change.

o Teach#ng an$ Fearn#ng& As T8ET becomes #ncreas#ngly more :no0le$ge or#en-e$ -herole of -he -eachers an$ #ns-ruc-ors mus- change from -he $#$ac-#c #m4ar-#ng of s:#lls an$:no0le$ge -o -he fac#l#-a-#on of learn#ng. Fearners1cen-re$.

o T8ET Plann#ng& n mos- cases 0here T8ET 4rograms fa#ls a44ro4r#a-e an$ rele an- 4ar-#es are no- #n ol e$ a- -he 4lann#ng s-age.

o Corru4-#on& Mos- 4eo4le res-r#c- corru4-#on -o f#nanc#al embezzlemen-. The 0ors- as4ec-of #- #s rela-e$ -o 4ol#c#es -ha- obscure T8ET rela-e$ 4rograms 0h#ch #s ca4able ofem4o0er#ng -he soc#e-y 0#-h s:#lls an$ com4e-enc#es -ha- coul$ lea$ -o s-an$alones.

9% Conclusion:One of -he mos- cr#-#cal challenges of -h#s (, s- cen-ury #s -he a--a#nmen- of full em4loymen- an$sus-a#ne$ econom#c gro0-h #n -he global economy an$ soc#al #nclus# #-y. T8ET can be

synonymous -o -he bac:bone of 7ual#-y l#fe as #- con-r#bu-es s#gn#f#can-ly -o 4romo-#ng -he #n-eres-sof #n$# #$uals en-er4r#ses economy an$ soc#e-y. By ma:#ng #n$# #$uals em4loyable an$ #nforme$c#-#zens human resources $e elo4men- -hrough T8ET ac-# #-#es con-r#bu-e -o econom#c$e elo4men- an$ -o ach#e #ng full em4loymen- an$ 4romo-#ng soc#al #nclus#on. They also hel4#n$# #$uals -o ga#n access -o $ecen- 0or: an$ goo$ @obs an$ esca4e 4o er-y an$ marg#nal#za-#on.

The economy becomes more 4ro$uc-# e #nno a-# e an$ com4e-#-# e -hrough -he ex#s-ence of mores:#lle$ human 4o-en-#al. ?uman resources $e elo4men- an$ -ra#n#ng also un$er4#n -hefun$amen-al alues of soc#e-y 1 e7u#-y @us-#ce gen$er e7ual#-y non$#scr#m#na-#on soc#alres4ons#b#l#-y an$ 4ar-#c#4a-#on.To re #-al#se -he curren- s-a-us of T8ET mos- 4ar-#cularly here a- "0an$a early #$en-#f#ca-#on ofcurren- an$ fu-ure s:#lls nee$s 0h#ch #s 4ar- of a for0ar$1loo:#ng s-ra-egy -ha- re$uces s:#lls ga4s has-o be es-abl#she$ by&

o a$@us-#ng -he curr#culum of #n#-#al e$uca-#on -o curren- an$ fu-ure s:#lls nee$s9o enabl#ng -ra#n#ng 4ro #$ers -o an-#c#4a-e an$ forecas- 0ha- s:#lls are #n $eman$ curren-ly

an$ #n -he me$#um1 -o long1-erm so as -o ensure a be--er f#- be-0een @obs an$ s:#lls9o 4ro #$#ng 4er-#nen- an$ -#mely #nforma-#on -o all s-a:ehol$ers #n 4ar-#cular -o $#s4lace$

0or:ers as 0ell as -hose see:#ng be--er @ob o44or-un#-#es -o enable -hem -o sh#f- from$ecl#n#ng -o emerg#ng sec-ors9

Therefore -o ach#e e Sus-a#nable 5e elo4men- #a T8ET 1 T8ET has -o be s-rongly l#n:e$ 0#-h -he0orl$ of 0or: #n com4an#es an$ o-her em4loyers. Effor-s -o ach#e e T8ET for real#s-#c human

resources $e elo4men- re7u#res a sys-ema-#c an$ % or coo4era-#on #n -he #n-erna-#onal frame0or: un$er-h#s ob@ec-# e.

An #n-erna-#onal coo4era-#on 0#-h abo e $escr#be$ ob@ec-# e shoul$o Be le$ by -he cer-a#n rele an- bo$#eso n-egra-e an$ #n ol e -he com4e-en- an$ mo-# a-e$ ac-orso "ecogn#se rele an- s-a:ehol$erso Be able -o a--rac- -he nee$e$ f#nanceso Enable an #n-er$#sc#4l#nary 0or:


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o Ensure an exchange of lessons learn- an$ bes- 4rac-#ceso To comb#ne -he resources #n -he areas of ma#n common #n-eres-o $en-#fy an$ real#se -he rela-e$ 4ro@ec-so Co er #n #-s ac-# #-#es -he mos- #m4or-an- f#el$s 0h#ch can con-r#bu-e -o a re1or#en-a-#on

of T8ET -o0ar$s -he sus-a#nable human resources $e elo4men-.

The 3ro0#ng m4or-ance of CTs for T8ET& The a$$#-#on of CTs -o T8ET 4rogrammes an$curr#cula '4referably as 4ar- of a cross1curr#cular focus+ 0#ll ass#s- mo$ern#za-#on of -he f#el$.Ano-her #m4or-an- as4ec- of CTs has been -he exchange of T8ET #nforma-#on be-0een na-#ons-hrough -he UNESCO1UNE8OC ne-0or: ' 000.- e-#4e$#a.org + -he FO ne-0or: an$ o-her mul-#1la-eral an$ non1go ernmen-al ne-0or:s.

The -as: of human resources $e elo4men- #s mul-#1$#mens#onal -as: an$ mus- be un$er-a:en #n close 4ar-nersh#4 0#-h go ernmen- non1go ernmen- organ#sa-#ons an$ #n-erna-#onal agenc#es. n$us-ry an$

4r# a-e sec-ors mus- @o#n han$s #n -he 4rocess of human resources $e elo4men-. TCT has 0or:e$closely for -he las- -hree years 0#-h a as- ne-0or: of #ns-#-u-#ons an$ organ#sa-#ons. Our ex4er#enceg# es us an e$ge -o con-#nue -he 4ar-nersh#4 4a-h.

ibliography:

Rupert 4aclean0 David "% ;ilson (3


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Msamb#cha:a M0amba an$ Mash#n$ano '(**6+ 3lobal#sa-#on for challenges for $e elo4men- #nTanzan#a 5A" ES SAFAAM.

UNESCO1UNE8OC '(**=+ 8rientating TVET for sustainable development:(h--4&%%000.une oc.unesco.org%0#:#.*.h-ml Lno cacheQ,L-x $r0#:# 4#,K)B:ey0or$K)5QUN E8OCK(*5ocumen-sK(*onK(*T8ETK(*forK(*Sus-a#nableK(*5e elo4men- + RAccesse$(=.6.(**D

"e4ubl#c of "0an$a '(** + R!anda Education -ector -trategic 6lan 3

Article 1 - The Role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Human Resources...

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Transcript of Article 1 - The Role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Human Resources...