Arthritis REPORT
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Transcript of Arthritis REPORT
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ARTHRITIS
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Arthritis -“ Rayuma “
- Inflammation of the joints.
- Over 200 forms of arthritis.
- About 30% of adults have arthritis.
Major symptom = in or around jointsPAIN
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Arthritis
COMMON: - Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Gouty Arthritis
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Osteoarthritis Most common Degenerative or aging bone disease Universal aged 65 and older Primarily affects weight-bearing joints
such as the knees, hips, and lumbrosacral spine
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Osteoarthritis Classification:PRIMARY: Degenerative wear and tear process at 5th and 6th decade with no apparent predisposing
abnormalities
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Osteoarthritis Classification:SECONDARY: Degeneration caused by congenital
abnormality in joint structures eg: hypermobility abnormally shaped joint surfaces trauma, obesity, crystal deposits
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Osteoarthritis Death of bone beneath the Cartilage ( SCLEROSIS) Bone proliferation with bone outgrowth (OSTEOPHYTES)
Loss of bony cartilage
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Osteoarthritis Early:, pain after joint use and is relieved by rest
Late: pain occurs with minimal motion or even at rest
Nocturnal pain is commonly associated with severe disease
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Osteoarthritis treatment Pain medications
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Osteoarthritis treatment
PT Exercises/ Diet modification- To maintain ideal Body wt- Low impact aerobic ex,- Quads strengthening,- stretching
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Osteoarthritis treatment
Joint protection
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Osteoarthritis treatment
Surgery
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease
in which the normal immune response is directed against an individual's own tissue, including the joints, tendons, and bones, resulting in inflammation and destruction of these tissues
The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not known Investigating possibilities of a foreign antigen, such as a virus
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Initial stages of each joint involvement, warmth,
pain, and redness, with corresponding decrease of range of motion of the affected joint
Reducible and later fixed deformities
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Medications
• NSAIDS – - only one should be given at a time. - titrated every two weeks until max dosage or response is obtained. - least 2 to 3 wk before assuming inefficacy.
• Disease-modifying drug - eg, gold, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, penicillamine - 2 to 4 mo of disease despite treatment with aspirin or other NSAIDs,) - Methotrexate, an immunosuppressive drug - second-line potentially disease-modifying drugs
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Corticosteroids - most effective short-term relief as an anti- inflammatory drugs - recent report may slow erosions. - Severe rebound follows the withdrawal of corticosteroids in active disease.
Immunosuppressive drugs - eg, methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine) - severe, active RA. They can - suppress inflammation and may allow reduction of corticosteroid doses..
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Surgery:
• Removal of inflamed synovium• Arthroplasty
Physical therapy
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Gout
Deposition of uric acid salts and crystals in and around joints and soft tissues
crystallization of uric acid in the urinary tract. Uric acid is the normal end product of the degradation of purine compounds.
Major route of disposal is renal excretion Humans lack the enzyme uricase to break down uric acid into more soluble form.
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Gout Uric acid overproduction
Accounts for 10% of hyperuricemia
Acquired disorders • Excessive cell turnover rates such as hemolytic anemias
Genetic disorders: Derangements in mechanisms that regulate purine neucleotide synthesis.
Uric acid underexcretion Accounts for >90% of hyperuricemia Diminished tubular secretory rate, increased tubular
reabsorption, diminished uric acid filtration• Drugs, other systemic disease that predispose people to renal
insufficiency
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GoutStages of Classic Gout
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia
Acute Intermittent Gout (Gouty Arthritis)
Episodes of acute attacks. Frequently starts nocturnally Joint is warm, red, and tender Confined to a single joint
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Gout Intercritical Gout
Symptom free period interval between attacks. May have hyperuricemia and MSU crystals in synovial fluid
Chronic Tophaceous Gout Refers to stage of deposition of urate, inlammatory cells and foreign body giant cells in the tissues. Deposits may be in tendons or ligaments. 10 or more years of acute intermittent gout.
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Gout Presenting Symptoms Musculoskeletal: - Acute onset of monoarticular joint pain. - First MTP/Big toe: most common. 90% of patients with gout. - Other joints knees, foot and ankles. - Less common in upper extremities
Postulated that decreased solubility of MSU at lower temperatures of peripheral structures such as toe and ear
Skin: warmth, erythema and tenseness of skin overlying joint. May have pruritus and desquamation GU: Renal colic with renal calculi formation in patients with hyperuricemia
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Gout Acute Gout Treatment NSAIDs Continue meds until pain and inflammation have
resolved for 48hr
Colchicine Inhibits microtubule aggregation which disrupts
chemotaxis and phagocytosis
Inhibts crystal-induced production of chemotatic factors
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Gout Corticosteriods
Patients who cannot tolerate NSAIDs, or failed NSAID/colchicine therapy
Improvement seen in 12-24hr
Intra-articular injection with steroids One or two large joints affected Good option for elderly patient with renal disease
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GoutNon- Pharmacologic Treatments Immobilization of Joint
Ice Packs
Abstinence of Alcohol Consumption can increase serum urate levels by
increasing uric acid production. When used in excess it can be converted to lactic acid which inhibits uric acid excretion in the kidney
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GoutNon- Pharmacologic Treatments Dietary modification
Low carbohydrates Decrease in dietary purine-meat and seafood. Dairy
and vegetables do not seem to affect uric acid• Bing cherries and Vitamin C
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GoutNon- Pharmacologic Treatments
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Serious types of arthritis Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus) Rheumatoid arthritis Scleroderma Sjogren’s syndome Lyme disease Ankylosing spondylitis Psoriatic arthritis Infectious arthritis
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When to see a doctor for arthritis Joint is red, hot or very painful. Other symptoms such as fever, tiredness,
weight loss, rash, skin thickening, hair loss, ulcers in the nose or mouth or on the fingers, cold sensitivity in the hands, swollen fingers or toes, muscle weakness, numbness or tingling.
Pain persists despite over the counter medication.