Artcl Mortise and Tenon Joints

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Mortise And Tenon JointsAugust 16, 2011 By adminLeave a Comment

A framing joint used in carpentry and joinery, the mortise and tenon has great mechanical

strength and creates a large gluing area. A rectangular tenon san at one end of a rail slots into

the mortise, an elongated hole in the other part. !he rail is usually hori"ontal and the stilevertical. #ortise and tenon are generally one$third the thic%ness of the tim&er.

#ortise And !enon 'oints

Tools you need

2( pencil

#allet

)teel rule

Cramps !ry s*uare

!enon sa

#ortise gauge

)moothing plane

#ar%ing %nife

+lue

#ortise chisel
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How to make a through mortise and tenon joint

#ortise And !enon 'oints

1. After selecting appropriate face sides and edges, mar% the position of the joint on &oth pieces

of tim&er ith pencil and try s*uare. !he mortise chisel should &e a&out one$third the thic%nessof the tim&er. n practice, this is rounded up to the ne-t chisel si"e. Adjust the to pins on the

mortise gauge until they are the same idth as the &lade. !o ensure the joint is centrali"ed in the

tim&er, slide the stoc% on the gauge so that the pins mar% the tim&er precisely the same distancefrom either side. Chec% &y lightly pressing the pins into the ood, and readjust the stoc% if

necessary, tightening once the setting is correct. !his setting is used to mar% out &oth the mortise

and tenon, so treat the tool ith care to avoid distur&ing the adjustment.
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#a%e A !hrough #ortise And !enon 'oint 1

2. )cri&e the gauge lines for the mortise &eteen the idth mar%s on the stile B/. #ar% lines on

&oth edges, alays using the tool from the face side. ithout distur&ing the setting, mar% out thetenon on part A. !he gauge lines should continue along the end grain.


3. Cramp part B to the &ench top, prefera&ly so that the mortise sits directly a&ove the &ench leg.

)tart the cut ith the chisel a&out mm 13 in/ in from the mar%ed lines at one end, the &evel

facing into the middle of the joint. 4eeping the &lade vertical and s*uare to the or%, stri%e thechisel ith the mallet. Cut to a depth of a&out mm 13 in/, counting the num&er of &los tothe chisel. #ove the &lade along the mortise and repeat in mm 13 in/ steps. #a%ing the same

num&er of &los each time means the depth ill remain constant across the idth. )top hen

you are mm 13 in/ aay from the opposite end of the mortise.
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#a%e A !hrough #ortise And !enon 'oint

4. Clean out the chippings, using the chisel ith the &evel side face don. Lever the &lade

against the short section of aste at each end of the mortise. 5o ma%e another series of cuts

across the idth, removing the aste in the same ay. Continue cutting in steps until you havereached just over half the depth of the mortise.

#a%e A !hrough #ortise And !enon 'oint

5. 7emove the aste at each end of the mortise &y holding the chisel vertical. 4eep the &lade just

inside the mar%ed line, ith the &evel facing inards. )tri%e ith the mallet and chop don to

just over half the depth.!urn the or% piece the other ay up, tip out the loose chips and &rush
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any de&ris from the &ench top. Cramp the or% piece don again and start afresh from the other

side. !his prevents the ood from splitting out at the &ottom of the mortise. Assuming you have

%ept the chisel vertical, the final cuts ill match up ith those on the reverse.


6. hen cutting the tenon rail to si"e, leave a fraction e-tra on its length. 9ou ill plane this off

once the joint is assem&led. n furniture construction the tenon rail A/ is often thic%er than the

stile !". f so, you ill need to reset the mortise gauge to mar% out the tenon. !he to pinsremain the same distance apart, hoever, as these still match the idth of the chisel &lade.



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#. )cri&e the shoulder lines of the tenon ith the %nife and s*uare. #ar% the aste the chee%s/

in pencil. )et the rail A/ upright in the vice and ma%e several hori"ontal sa cuts on the aste

side of the gauged lines to a depth of a&out mm 13 in/.

#a%e A !hrough #ortise And !enon 'oint :

$. Adjust the rail so that it is facing aay from you at an angle of 8 degrees. Continue saing

don &oth gauged lines until you reach the shoulder mar%. 7emove the rail and turn it around so

that it is again facing you at an angle of 8 degrees. Again, sa don until you reach theshoulder.



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#a%e A )tu& #ortise An !enon 'oint 1

2.!o ma%e sure you do not cut the mortise too deep, rap mas%ing tape around the &lade of thechisel, alloing a&out 1.8 mm 116 in/ e-tra depth. !his is so that the tenon does not foul the

&ottom of the mortise hen the joint is assem&led.

#a%e A )tu& #ortise An !enon 'oint 2

3.ith the stile cramped to the &ench top, chop out the mortise from the inside edge. hen the

tape on the chisel is level ith the tim&er, you have reached the full depth. Clean out the aste,

ma%ing sure the &ottom of the mortise is level. )a the tenon in the same ay as for the throughtenon see page 20=/. Chec% the tenon fits into the mortise and adjust ith the chisel if necessary

&efore gluing.
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#a%e A )tu& #ortise An !enon 'oint

Haun)hed Hortise And Tenon Joint

Corners of frameor% can present a pro&lem hen mortise$and$tenon joints are used,

particularly if the top edges must finish flush ith each other. A full$idth tenon is actually a

&ridle joint see page 21/. Because the resulting mortise is open$ended, the joint &ecomes much

ea%er. By introducing a haunch, the tenon idth is reduced and the mortise does not e-tend tothe end of the stile. A haunch can &e either s*uare or sloping, and helps prevent the frame from

tisting. !his joint is commonly used in joinery for door and indo construction.

here stiles and rails are re&ated or grooved, a s*uare haunch is used. here a groove runsaround the inside edges of a frame, the groove normally e-tends all the ay along each edge.

!he tenon@s s*uare haunch fills the outside end of the joint as ell as the groove. )houlders are

usually staggered to accommodate re&ates on frameor%.

n ca&inet$ma%ing, here appearance is important, the sloping haunch is often used. nli%e thes*uare version, this haunch is not visi&le once the joint is assem&led. t is commonly used

&eteen the seat rails and legs in chair construction.
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(ounched #ortise And !enon 'oint



T*+'
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Alays cut a mortise &efore saing the tenon. 9ou can adjust the tenon to fit the mortise

more easily than vice versa.

Alays use a mortise chisel hen cutting the joint &y hand. >ther chisel &lades are less

sturdy and could &rea%.

,edged Mortise And Tenon Joint

!o strengthen through mortise$andtenon joints, edges can &e driven into the ends of the tenons.

!his also prevents them opening up on items of joinery such as doors, hich are su&jected to

heavy use. Before assem&ling the joint, the ends of the mortise are enlarged ith sloping cuts.

)a cuts are then made in the end of the tenon, and the edges driven into these slots hengluing up. !he tenon is splayed outards, loc%ing the joint together. nds of the edges are

san off once the glue has dried.

Twin Mortise And Tenon Joint

here the mortise is cut into the face of the tim&er, rather than into the edge as in the dou&leversion, a&ove/, a tin mortise$and$tenon joint provides e-tra strength. !he tenons sit alongside

each other, rather than &eing stac%ed one a&ove the other. !his time there is no haunch &eteenthe tenons and the gap &eteen them should ideally &e the same as their thic%ness. Carcase con$

struction may call for a multiple version of the joint, hich has several tenons. (ere, a stopped

housing may &e introduced to increase strength further.

-o ,edged Mortise Andtenon Joint

hen a stu& mortise$and$tenon joint needs e-tra strength, edges can &e inserted into the tenon.nli%e edges driven in from the outside, these must &e cut to length and idth precisely. >nce

the joint is cramped together it cannot &e ta%en apart.
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edged #ortise And !enon 'oint

+osts /elated to Mortise And Tenon Joints

!ridle Joints

A &ridle joint is very similar to a mortiseand$tenon joint, &ut cut in reverse. 7emoving the

aste is more a%in to cutting a halving joint. ...

T0haling Joints

sed for construction such as frameor% and softood joinery, halving joints have littlestructural integrity. )trength comes from glue or reinforcing scres, hile shoulders

increase ...

Mortisers

!he &ench$top or floor$standing mortiser is designed specifically for cutting mortises

accurately in tim&er. A hollo chisel feeds don into the ood, ma%ing a s*uare ...

Housing Joints

(ousing joints dadoes/ are used for fitting shelves and dividers in ca&inets of solidtim&er or sheet materials. A housing is a precisely cut groove ...

a Joints

sed for corners in ca&inet and &o- construction the lap, or re&ate, joint is one of the

easiest to ma%e ith hand tools. t consists ...

ost on +oogle Bu""

ost to ;ace&oo%

)end via +mail

)end via $mail program

;iled nderD 'oints!agged ithD&ench,&lade, carpentry and joinery,Clean,Continue,Cramps,

face, face side,gauge lines,glue,haunch, level,line,mechanical strength,mortise,mortise and

tenon, mortise and tenon joints,mortise chisel,pencil,pins,slots,smoothing plane,steel rule,stop, tape, tenon, vice, aste, ay, ood
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Artcl Mortise and Tenon Joints

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