Artculos relacionados con autismo y mtodo de verificacin.

1.- Risperidone for the Core Symptom Domains of Autism: Results From the Study by the Autism Network of the Research Units on Pediatric PsychopharmacologyMETHOD:The database from an 8-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (N=101) and 16-week open-label continuation study (N=63) of risperidone for children and adolescents with autism was used to test for drug effects on secondary outcome measures: scores on the Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale, the Childrens Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and the maladaptive behavior domain of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales.Statistical AnalysisThe data were analyzed according to the intent-to-treat principle. The statistical tests were two-tailed, and p values of 0.05 or less were considered to indicate statistical significance. Bonferroni correction for multiple tests was not done because the different instruments measured different domains of functioning. For the 8-week controlled trial, the monthly and biweekly scores on the Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale and the Childrens Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, respectively, were analyzed with the use of mixed-effects linear models in which the study group and site were the fixed effects and the outcome and time were the random effects(23). The mixed-effects approach makes full use of available data and allowed us to combine subject-specific scores on the Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale and Childrens Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale in order to estimate the slope of the regression line for each group over time. A strong downward trend in scores in the risperidone group, as compared with the placebo group, would indicate a statistically significant interaction between treatment and time. Site-by-treatment interactions that were not significant were removed from the final model. The parameters of the mixed-effects model were estimated with the use of SAS Proc Mixed software(24). Because the Vineland maladaptive behavior domain scales had insufficient data points for the mixed-effects model, analysis of covariance was used to compare groups during the placebo-controlled phase.For the 16-week open-label continuation phase, the monthly scores on the Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale and the Childrens Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale were analyzed with mixed-effects linear regression models in which time, site, and the site-by-time interaction were the fixed effects. The average slope of the regression line was calculated for each individual across time. Paired t tests of scores on the Vineland maladaptive behavior domain scales were used to compare the values at the beginning of the 16-week open-label continuation phase with the scores at the end (week 24).http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1142Comparison of physical activity between children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developing childrenAbstractRegular physical activity is important for promoting health and well-being; however, physical activity behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have received little attention. We compared physical activity levels among 53 children with ASD and 58 typically developing children aged 311 years who participated in the Childrens Activity and Meal Patterns Study (CHAMPS). After adjustment for age and sex the amount of time spent daily in moderate and vigorous activity was similar in children with ASD (50.0 minutes/day and typically developing children 57.1 minutes/day). However, parents reported that children with ASD participated in significantly fewer types of physical activities than did typically developing children (6.9 vs. 9.6,p