Art Periods

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A Timeline of Art

Transcript of Art Periods

Page 1: Art Periods

A Timeline of Art

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(1). Overview

(2). Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic Art

(3). Classical Art

(4). Medieval Art

(5). Renaissance

i. Artist Spotlight: Leonardo da Vinci

(6). Baroque & Rococo

(7). Neoclassicism

8. Romanticism

9. Realism

10. Impressionism

11. Post-Impressionism

12. Expressionism

13. Cubism

i. Artist Spotlight: Pablo Picasso

14. Surrealism

15. Pop Art

i. Artist Spotlight: Andy Warhol

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Since the beginning of mankind, human beings have attempted to demonstrate their feelings on life, love, religion, and other topics by creating art. Whether it is architecture and paintings, or sculpture and cave drawings, their art has acted as a time capsule, and allowed us to see how artists viewed the world in their time.

As time and technology progressed, so did art, and art history has been divided into periods based on techniques and common trends. In this presentation you can see some of these periods, and explore the techniques, trends, works, and artists that have defined humanity through art.

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Even in ancient times, Homo Sapiens created art. These pieces of art often involved stone; whether it was stacking them, painting them, or carving into them. Later in the era, pottery, as well as weaving were developed.

These works shared a common theme of food, fertility, basic human figures, and animals.

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Stonehenge

Wiltshire, England

Circa. 2500 BC

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Gobustan Petroglyphs

Gobustan, Azerbaijan

Circa. 10,000 BC

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Lascaux Cave Paintings

Southwestern France

Circa. 17,300 BC

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Developed by the Greeks, Classical Art dates back to as early as 500 BC. To honor their vast pantheon of gods, the Greeks created beautiful sculptures and elegant architecture with marble. Their artists were highly focused on portraying the beauty of humans, and created sculptures that were highly naturalistic. Despite popular belief, these sculptures were not white when completed, but were painted a vast array of colors.

Following their conquering of the Greeks, the Romans adapted the Greeks' artistic style for they believed it was unparalleled. In fact, most of the Classical Art that has survived today is Roman, not Greek.

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Bronze Sculpture

National Archeological Museum, Athens, Greece

Circa. 460 B.C.

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Augustus of Prima Porta

Vatican Museums, Vatican City

1st Century A.D.

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Laocoon and His Sons

Vatican Museums, Vatican City

Circa. 25 B.C.

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Following the collapse of the Roman Empire in 476 AD, Western Europe became largely decentralized, except for the centralizing power of the Catholic Church. Also after the collapse of the Roman empire, Europe saw a period of artistic backwardness, as the highly refined methods of art from the Classical period were forgotten.

Characteristics of Medieval art include:

- Focus on religious (Christian) themes

- Disproportionate and little perspective

- Two-Dimensional and flat

- A Hieratic Scale

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Maesta

Duccio di Buoninsegna

1311 AD

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The Calling of the Apostles Peter and Andrew

Duccio di Buoninsegna

1308 AD

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Christ on the Mount of Olives

Master of the Trebon Altarpiece

1380 AD

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Due to contact with the Arab world and the rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman texts, the Renaissance brought a change in Europe culturally. Following the Greek's and Roman's methods before them, Renaissance artist's paintings were focused more on celebrating the human individual, rather than entirely on religion as it had during the Medieval era. Characteristics of Renaissance art include:

- Realism and focus on humans

- Accurate Perspective

- Natural Background

- Light and Shadowing

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The Creation of Adam

Michelangelo

1511 AD

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David

Michelangelo

1504 AD

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Born in 1452 in Italy, Leonardo da Vinci was the archetypal “Renaissance Man”. Along with being an outstanding artist, Leonardo was also an accomplished scientist, musician, architect, sculptor, mathematician and engineer. Because he was a big procrastinator and his techniques were sometimes destructive, only around fifteen of his paintings have survived.

Self Portrait

1512 AD

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Mona Lisa

1519 AD

The Last Supper

1498 AD

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To appeal and compete with Protestant churches for worshipers following the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic church sponsored the creation of impressive religious art and architecture, known as the Baroque movement. Baroque art is characterized by rich color, Christian themes, intense shadowing, and highly dramatic scenes that are heavily foreshortened

In France during the late 1750's, the “Late Baroque” period, or Rococo emerged. Rococo art was much different than Baroque art, as many Baroque artists gave up their symmetry for the ornate and playful style of Rococo. Rococo art was often used by nobles for displaying their wealth.

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Elevation of the Cross

Peter Paul Rubens

1611 AD (Baroque)

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David

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

1624 AD (Baroque)

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The Swing

Jean-Honore Fragonard

1767 AD (Rococo)

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Inspired by the Enlightenment, Neoclassicism grew as a response to the declining Rococo movement. Neoclassical art was had a much darker subject matter than Rococo art, and was often used in French politics under such leaders as Maximilian Robespierre as well as Napoleon Bonaparte. Additionally, Neoclassicism adopted many characteristics of Greek and Roman Classicism, which is evident in the poses of figures, the types of paint, and the drapery of fabrics.

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Oath of the Horatii

Jacques-Louis David

1784 AD

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The Death of Marat

Jacques-Louis David

1793 AD

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The Intervention of the Sabine Women

Jacques-Louis David

1795 AD

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The Romanticism movement originated as a revolt against the Age of Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution of early modern Europe. Unlike Neoclassicism, Romanticist artists created paintings far more dreamy and imaginary than Neoclassical artists, and were often narratives. Additionally, Romanticism paintings appealed to the emotions of fear and awe, through nightmarish narratives and awe inspiring natural shots.

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Liberty Leading the People

Eugene Delacroix

1830 AD

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The Nightmare

Henry Fuseli

1781 AD

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Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog

Caspar David Friedrich

1818 AD

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Realism began as a rejection of the imagination and subjectivism of Romanticism, and focused more on accurate observation of the ordinary world. Realist artists were characterized by painting everyday people in ordinary situations, as well as being audacious by painting explicit subject matter like prostitutes. Additionally, Realism paintings were often en plein air, which means they were painted while outdoors.

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The Gleaners

Jean-Francois Millet

1857 AD

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Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet

Gustave Courbet

1854 AD

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A Burial at Ornans

Gustave Courbet

1850 AD

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During the Industrial Revolution in France, the Impressionist movement began. Like Realists, Impressionists sought to capture a specific moment in time, but laid much more emphasis on the effects of light than the Realists. Additionally, Impressionism is characterized by small, but visible, brush strokes, open composition, and real life subject matter.

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Woman with a Parasol

Claude Monet

1875 AD

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Paris Street, Rainy Day

Gustave Caillebotte

1877 AD

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Children on a Farm

Camille Pissarro

1887 AD

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Unhappy with the trivial subject matter of Impressionism, the Post-Impressionism movement began in France in the late 19th century. Like Impressionism, Post-Impressionism had a strong emphasis on light, as well as distinguishable brushstrokes. Additionally, Post-Impressionism became an even greater medium for expression, as it was not afraid to have unorthodox subject matter.

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The Starry Night

Vincent van Gogh

1889 AD

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A Sunday Afternoon on the Island La Grande Jatte

Georges Seurat

1886 AD

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Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?

Paul Gauguin

1897 AD

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Originating in Germany at the end of the 19th century, Expressionism was focused more on the emotion of color rather than the reality of it, and often times appeared abstract. Expressionist artists sought to express the meaning and emotion of an experience, often times distorting their works greatly for added emotional effect.

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The Scream

Edvard Munch

1893 AD

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Amedeo Modigliani

Diego Rivera

1914 AD

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Sokea Soittoniekka (Blind Musician)

Alvar Cawen

1922 AD

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Beginning at the start of the 20th century, Cubism emerged. Rejecting naturalistic depiction of prior movements, Cubists preferred compositions of shapes and forms used in an abstract way. Cubism can be further divided into two branches: Analytical and Synthetic Cubism. Analytical Cubism had greater depth and focused on breaking down forms into simple geometric shapes, while Synthetic Cubism was much more flat and often used mixed media and collage.

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Woman with a Guitar

Georges Braque

1913 AD

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Self Portrait

1907 AD

Born in Spain in 1881, Pablo Picasso, along with Georges Braque, are often considered the creators of the Cubism movement. His style of art changed dramatically through his life, and his work can be divided into many periods including the Blue, Rose, African-Influenced, Cubist, and Surrealist periods. Additionally, Picasso's Cubism often featured a distorted reality to demonstrate that things could be seen from many different perspectives. Picasso's work was often times based on world events, such as Guernica, a portrayal of the German bombing of the Spanish city of Guernica, as well as a distorted portrait of Josef Stalin that got him into trouble with his fellow communists.

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Three Musicians

1921 AD

Guernica

1937 AD

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Girl with a Mandolin (Fanny Tellier)

1910 ADLes Demoiselles d'Avignon

1907 AD

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After World War I, art in the Western World tended to be dominated by dark themes such as uncertainty and anxiety. Surrealism was one of the darkest of these movements, and Surrealists placed realistic objects in unrealistic situations in order to confuse the viewer's sense of reality. Additionally, other characteristics of Surrealism include a dreamlike setting, and disturbing visuals.

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The Persistence of Memory

Salvador Dali

1931 AD

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The Elephant Celebes

Max Ernst

1921 AD

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Without Hope

Frida Kahlo

1945 AD

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Toward the late 1950's, a

movement known as Pop Art

emerged. Pop Art focused on

subjects that wouldn't normally be

considered art, such as

advertisements, pop culture, and

consumerism. Additionally,

because Pop Art incorporated pop

culture, it was easily accessible to

the average person.

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Just What Is It That Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing?

Richard Hamilton

1956 AD

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Drowning Girl

Roy Lichtenstein

1963 AD

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Born in Pennsylvania in 1928, Andy Warhol was a leading figure in the Pop Art movement. Andy Warhol had many talents, and throughout his career he was an accomplished painter, an unconventional filmmaker, a commercial illustrator, and a record producer. In addition to painting pictures of Campbell's soup cans or Coca-Cola bottles, Warhol also did much printing. Some of his subjects for printing included Elvis Presley, Marilyn Monroe, and Mickey Mouse.

Camouflage Self Portrait

1986 AD

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Campbell's Soup I

1968 AD

Mickey Mouse

1981 AD

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Green Coca-Cola Bottles

1962 AD

Eight Elvises

1063 AD

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Bibliography

Barron's: AP World History by John McCannon AP World History 2009 by Kaplan Wikipedia.com Edhelper.com Huntfor.com Time.com Youtube.com

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Uncredited Artwork

Poulnabrone Dolmen in Ireland

Rock Painting at Bhimbetka, India

Female figure at Catal Huyuk, Turkey

Fresco from the Villa of the Mysteries: Pompeii, Itally

Greek Pottery at Athens, Greece

The Seated Scribe at the Louvre

Scenes from the Life of Christ – Bondone

The Rocky Mountains: Lander's Peak by Albert Bierstadt

The Raft of the Medusa by Theodore Gericault

The Betrothal of the Virgin by Raphael

Small Cowper Madonna by Raphael

La Primiveria by Bottecelli

Adoration by Peter Paul Rubens

The Death of Socrates by Jacques-Louis David

The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of his Sons by Jacques-Louis David

The Stone Breakers by Gustave Courbet

Bather Sleeping by the Brook by Gustave Courbet

The End of the Working Day by Jules Breton

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Uncredited Artwork

• Dancer with a Bouquet of Flowers (Star of the Ballet) by Edgar Degas

• The Cliff at Etretat after the Storm by Claude Monet

• Water Lilies by Claude Monet

• Portrait of Dr. Gachet by Vincent van Gogh

• The Cyclops by Odilon Redon

• On White II by Wassily Kandinsky

• Rehe im Walde by Franz Marc

• Pair of Women (Women embracing each other) by Egon Schiel

• L'Ange du Foyer ou le Triomphe du Surréalisme by Max Ernst

Still Life with Fruit Dish and Mandolin by Juan Gris

Portrait of Picasso by Juan Gris

Lion, Cheval, Dormeuse Invisibles by Salvador Dali

Portrait by Joan Miro

I was a Rich Man's Plaything by Eduardo Paolozzi

Still Life #20 by Tom Wesselmann