Art of the 20th Century (and Beyond)
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Transcript of Art of the 20th Century (and Beyond)
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20th Century Art
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Why is it so… weird?
• Think of how much and how quickly the world has changed in the last 110 years.
• Modern art is a reflection of that turbulence.
• Cameras make realistic art obsolete.
• Mass production makes art marketable
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• Like the mannerists who followed Michelangelo and co., the artists of the 20th century valued originality and innovation over just beauty.– If you can’t please the public, shock it.
• Realistic doesn’t equal “good” art. Instead, go back to the 4 questions:– What do I see?– What do I know about what I see?– What was the artist trying to do/say?– How successful was he/she?
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The Moderns1900-1914
Matisse• Not realistic
– Simple lines & figures – Bright colors– Not concerned about
distance /three-dimensionality
La Danse, 1910
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Fauves“Wild Beasts”
• French artists Inspired by African and Oceanic art
= Modern art that looks primitive
Derain,
Landscape at Cassis,
1907
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Pablo Picasso1881-1973
• The master of many styles and mediums• Early paintings are very realistic
• The most famous and the greatest artist of the 20th century
Science and Charity, 1897
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• Painted the outcasts of society; lived in total poverty.
• Went through periods of color dominance:– The Blue Period– The Rose Period
• With his friend, Georges Braque, developed Cubism
Life, 1903
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Les Demoiselles d’Avignon1907
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Cubism
• Shatter a glass sculpture, pick up the pieces, glue them on a canvas = Cubism!
• Shows several different perspectives of the same subject at the same time
• Like a round world sliced up to show all the parts.(Remember, this is the same time that Einstein’s
coming up with the theory of relativity/the 4th dimension!)
• Background and foreground overlap, the subject dissolves into pattern.
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Carafe, Jug, and Fruit Bowl
1909
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L’Accordeoniste,
1911
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Guernica1937
On April 27, 1937, Franco (Spain’s dictator) gave Hitler permission to test their new air bombs on a village in northern Spain, Guernica.
When Picasso read accounts of it in the newspapers, he immediately began the plans for the 286 square-foot mural, Guernica.
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Guernica
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Abstract Art
• Simplifies things – a man = a stick figure, a squiggle = a wave, red = anger
• It’s about symbolism, capturing the essence of reality in a few lines and colors
• Think “visual music” (this is when jazz was developed in America)
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Wassily Kandinsky(1866-1944)
Patterns that are just beautiful, even if they don’t “mean” anything
Composition VII, 1913
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Piet Mondrain
Composition with Yellow, Blue and Red, 1937-1942
Painting at its most basic elements:black lines + white canvas + primary colors
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Henry Moore1898-1986
“Carved the human body with the epic scale and restless poses of Michelangelo but with the crude rocks and simple lines of the Primitives.”
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Expressionism• WWI left 10 million dead and killed the
optimism and faith in mankind that lead Europe since the Renaissance.
Postwar Europe = Cynicism and decadence
• Artists “expressed” their disgust by showing a distorted reality that emphasized the ugly.
- Lurid colors and simplified figures of the Fauves, but with a haunted, harsh tone.
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The Scream, Edvard Munch,
1893(during the Post-Impressionist
period, but still a model of Expressionism)
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Compare the two versions of terror, less than 75 years apart.
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Dada
• Artistic grief became twisted humor
+ resentment of the bourgeoisie/pompous intellectuals
= Art that is outrageous, offensive, and meant to give traditional culture the finger.
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Fountain, Marcel Duchamp, 1917
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Surrealism
• “Beyond realism” – a mixed bag of reality
• A juxtaposition of images that you have to try to connect.
• If it doesn’t connect, then the artist has still forced you to think in new ways = success!
• Sigmund Freud also came along, introducing the idea of the subconscious and the importance of dreams.
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Salvador Dali(1904-1989)
• Most famous surrealist
• Painted, with amazing realism, “random” objects to create an emotional punch.
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Dali, Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening, 1944
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Dali, Madonna of Port Lligat, 1940
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The Persistence of Memory, 1931
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Dali, The Persistence of Memory, 1931
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The Treachery of Images, 1929
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Guernica = A blend of Surrealism and Cubism
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And then…
World War II
Art = Propaganda
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Abstract Expressionism
• Expressing emotions using only color and form
• The act of creation becomes more important than the final product
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Jackson Pollock, The She Wolf, 1943
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Pollock, Silver over Black, White, Yellow, and Red, 1948
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Pop Art
• The consumer = king!
• Art created from “pop”-ular objects, mocking pop culture by embracing it.
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Andy Warhol(1928-1987)
Campbell’s Soup Cans, 1962 Marilyn Monroe, 1962
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Ray Lichtenstein (1923-1997)
Drowning Girl, 1963
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Post-Modernism1970-present
• Art = big business• Every object can be artistic, it just depends on
contextInstallations: An artist takes over an entire roomAssemblages: Recycle trash into larger sculpturesNatural Objects: Art from nature’s objectsInteraction: Viewer participationConceptual Art: The idea/concept is the keyDeconstruction: Changing the familiar/Put a familiar
object in a new settingPerformance Art: Mixed-media live performance
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Installation Art
Rachel Whiteread,
Embankment,
2005
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Assemblages
Raoul Hausmann,
Mechanical Head,
1920
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Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty (The Great Salt Lake), 1970
Natural Art
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Interactive Art
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Conceptual Art
Joseph Kosuth,
One and Three Chairs,
1965
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Christo and Jean-Claude, The Gates, 2005
Christo and Jean-Claude,
The Umbrellas, 1991
Deconstruction
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Performance Art
Video Clip:
“Over the Moon”, from the play Rent, Jonathan Larsen