Art History Review (unfinished)

8/7/2019 Art History Review (unfinished)

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I. Formal elements of ArtII. Baroque

III. RococoIV. Neoclassicism

V. Romanticism

VI. Realism


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Formal elements of Art (8)

Line

ColorShape

Form

Space

TextureProportion

Scale


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W hat is Baroque?

Italy, Spain, France, NetherlandsFrom Portuguese pearl of irregular shape(derogatory)Described the abnormal, strangeness, extravaganceCounter Reformation Art- help spread the faith in thechurch

Consolidation of monarchies: wealthier middle classArt patronageContemporary with naturalism and classicism


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Baroque Characteristics

New interest in nature(Landscapes )Tenebrism lightingRealistic, proportionalfiguresClose up on the active

sceneComposition diagonals

Heavy, specific lightingBackgrounds wereunimportantMore connection to thespectatorMissionaries took

paintings to other regionsto convert regions to faith


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Baroque by Regions

Italy:

Style appeared in the 17 th

century

Church responds to the

protestants with theCounter reformation.

Council of Trent (1563)Established rules forreligious art.

As Catholic Reformationpropaganda, Baroqueimages allowed a viewer to

feel the sufferings,ecstasies, and revelations

of saints.

France:

King Louis 14 th was themost influential person.

He devised an art

academy and decides derules of good and badart

Made Paris the centerof the world

Moved to Versaillesand built a palace, madeit the capital.

Importance of display

in society

Flandes:

Beginning of the ArtMarket (nitch market)Portraiture, Genre, StillLife, Landscapes

Control of internationalsea trade

Amsterdam becamerichest cultural center.

Art market patronizedby rich middle-class


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Baroque (Italy)Style appeared in the 17 th century

Church responds to the protestants with the

Counter reformation.

Council of Trent (1563) Established rules forreligious art.

As Catholic Reformation propaganda, Baroqueimages allowed a viewer to feel the sufferings,ecstasies, and revelations of saints.


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LazaroPardodeTitle: The fransiscanmartyrsArtist: LazaroPardoMedium: Oil on canvasDate: 1630

W as used to convertpeople into religionduring Counter-reform.

W as considered the

ultimate sacrifice foryour faith.


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Artemisia GentileschiTitle: Susanna and the EldersArtist: Artemisia GentileschiMedium: Oil on canvasDate: 1610

Made by the first womanpainter in the scene.

Is taking inspiration fromCaravaggio

Artemisia was invited into theSchool of Venice

It s a representation of herown life.


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CaravaggioCrucifixion of St. PeterOil

1601


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Francesco BorrominiTitle: interior of the dome atS.CarloalleQuattro Fontane

Artist: FrancescoBorromini

Medium:Architecture

Date: 1638

There is nosuch thing asstraight lines


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Gianlorenzo Bernini

Title: Ecstasy of St.TheresaArtist: BerniniMedium: Marble

sculpture

Date: 1647

Composed of mixedmediums

Interpretation of amemoir written by aspanish mystic 80 yearsearlier


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Baroque (France)

King Louis 14 th was the most influential person.

He devised an art academy and decides de rules of good and bad art

Made Paris the center of the world

Moved to Versailles and built a palace, made it thecapital.

Importance of display in society


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Nicolas Poussin

Title: BaptismArtist: Nicolas PoussinDate: 1658

Medium: Oil on Canvas

The landscape is theCountryside of Rome

Poussin is the most

famous painter of histime.


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Pierre PatelTitle: View of theChateau of Versailles

Artist: Pierre PatelMedium: Oil on canvasDate: 1688


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Baroque (Flandes)

Beginning of the Art Market (nitch market)Portraiture, Genre, Still Life, Landscapes

Control of international sea trade

Amsterdam became richest cultural center.

Art market patronized by rich middle-class


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Rembrandt

Title: The Jewish BrideArtist: RembrandtMedium: Oil on CanvasDate: 1665

Rembrandt used himself as a model.

W edding portrait for aJewish couple posing as

the biblical Isaac andRebecca.


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Johannes VermeerTitle: The milkmaidArtist: Johannes VermeerMedium: Oil on canvasDate: 1660

Artist used a projecting device


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Spanish BaroqueTitle: Las MenninasArtist: Diego VelazquezMedium: Oil on canvasDate: 1656

The artist painted himself in thepicture. He also painted the works of master artists as a background setting.


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W hat is the Rococo?

Rococo comes from rocaille (Rock W ork)Early 18 th century FranceEvolved from Baroque into The Era of EnlightenmentScience replaced religionEnd of Louis XIV reign.Industrial Revolution- facilitated work.Representation of aristocracy


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Rococo Characteristics

ElegantSoft edges and colorIdealizedPastel colors

Curving forms

Fanciful FiguresExtreme HighlightsDynamicCompositionsAttention to detail


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DogonCarver(Africa)

Title: Seated CouplePeriod: African/Dogan cultureDate: 16 th -19 th centuriesMedium: wood and metalSignificance: This sculpture giveseloquent expression to the sharedand symmetrical responsibilities of men and women in Dogon society.


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Shitoa(China/Quing)

Title: Man in a house on amountainPeriod: China/QuingDynasty

Date: c.1700Medium: Ink and colourson paper.Significance:


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Antoine W atteau(France)

Title: GillesPeriod: RococoDate: 1716-18Medium: Oil on CanvasSignificance: The fete galante, asmall easel painting in whichelegant people are depicted inconversation or music-making in asecluded parkland setting


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Jean-Simeon Chardin(France)

Title: The Copper FountainPeriod: RococoDate: 1734Medium: oil on canvasSignificance: Chose objects of everyday life, and really showedunique technique.


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W illiam Hogarth(France)

Title: A Rake s ProgressPeriod: RococoDate: 1735Medium: etching and engraving onpaper.A series shows the decline and fallof Tom Rakewell


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Khushala(India)

Title: Radha Pining in thewildernessPeriod: India/Punjab HillsDate: c. 1780

Medium: Ink and Opaquewatercolour on paper.Significance: king and queen whodance in Vrndavana forest, maythe desires of a person who

repeatedly recites this Karpanya-panjika become fulfilled.


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W hat is Neoclassicism?


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Ettienne-Maurice Falconet

Title: Peter the greatPeriod: NeoclassicismDate: 1766-78Medium: Bronze on a base of redgraniteSignificance: statue is now one of the symbols of Saint Petersburg, inmuch the same way that theStatue of Liberty


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Antonio Canova

Title: Cupid and PsychPeriod: NeoclassicismDate: 1797Medium: marbleSignificance: In a book known as

The Golden Ass To show ameaning of Love.


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Jacques-Louis David

Title: The oath of the HorattiPeriod: NeoclassicismDate: 1784Medium: Oil on CanvasSignificance: The paintingillustrates the three sons of Horatius swear on their swords,held by their father, that they willdefend Rome to the death.


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Francisco Dan Goya

Title: This Is W hat You W ere BornForPeriod: RomanticismDate: c. 1810-14

Medium: EtchingSignificance: Plate XII From theDisasters of W ar


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W illiam Blake

Title: The Ancient of DaysPeriod: RomanticismDate: 1794/1824Medium: Etching with Pen andBrown ink, W ater Color and GoldBodyColourSignificance: To show god creatingthe world we live in today.


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Joseph W illiam Mallord Turner

Title: Snow Storm: Hannibal andhis Army Crossing the AlpsPeriod: RomanticismDate: 1812

Medium: Oil on canvasSignificance: is a fusion of JosephMallord W illiam Turner s travelexperiences in Europe and theancient historical accounts of

Hannibal s invasion of Italy in 218B.C.


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Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

Title: Madame RivierePeriod: NeoclassicismDate: 1806Medium: oil on canvasSignificance: This dress appears tobe a combination of white satinand transparent white net. Theveil is also of transparent net, anot uncommon headdress for

portraits which showed off thepainter's amazing realism.


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ChristofferEckersberg

Title: Standing Female NudePeriod: NeoclassicismDate: 1837Medium: Oil on CanvasSignificance:


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Theodore Gericault

Title: Charging ChausseurPeriod: RomanticismDate: 1812Medium: Oil on CanvasSignificance:


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Honore Daumier

Title: Rue TransnonainPeriod: RealismDate: 1834Medium: LithographSignificance: to show the brutalityof the French government whiledealing with the working class,dedicating much of his life and artto social realism.


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NicephoreNiepce

Title: View From a window at LeGrasPeriod: French PhotographyDate: 1826

Medium: tinplateSignificance: was the firstsuccessful permanentphotograph.


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AdolpheMenzel

Title: The Balcony RoomPeriod: RealismDate: 1845Medium: Oil on cardboard

Significance: It is spare, light,seemingly un-composed, unevenlyfinished, spatially ambiguous, andentirely devoid of any sort of moral, religious, historical,

allegorical, or narrative content.


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W illiam Holman Hunt

Title: The Awakening ConsciencePeriod: Pre-raphaeliteDate: 1853Medium: Oil on Canvas

Significance: The AwakeningConscience is a fine example of popular Victorian painting. It tellsa story.


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Gustave Courbet

Title: The Grain SiftersPeriod: RealismDate: 1855Medium: Oil on canvas

Significance:


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AkatieAkpele Kendo

Title: Agoje! (Gu, the war-God)Period: Africa/Dahomey KingdomDate: 1859Medium: Iron

Significance: Seems to echo thelook of the Plaster of the plastersaints that adorned there chapels.


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EdouardManet

Title: Le Dejeunersurl herbePeriod: RealismDate: 1863

Medium: Oil on CanvasSignificance: Show theactive spirit of independence inimpressionism

Art History Review (unfinished)

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