History of ArtHistory of ArtArt IIArt II

Before books, writing or even the Before books, writing or even the alphabet there was Art.alphabet there was Art.

What does art tell us?What does art tell us?

Art tells us history.Art tells us history.--Previous customsPrevious customs

-clothing-clothing-food they ate-food they ate

-how they lived-how they lived-religion, traditions-religion, traditions

The Beginning: The Beginning: Prehistoric ArtPrehistoric Art

30,000-10,000 B.C.30,000-10,000 B.C. People were strictly hunter-

gatherers

Did not have permanent dwellings (caves or tents)

Humans made a gigantic leap in abstract thinking and began creating art.

It took a few million years before It took a few million years before people began to start expressing people began to start expressing themselves through artthemselves through art

Cave paintings, of Lascaux, FranceCave paintings, of Lascaux, France Paint, LimestonePaint, Limestone 10,000-15,000 bc10,000-15,000 bc

Why did they create Why did they create these cave paintings?these cave paintings?

Subject matter concentrated on food, as seen in Subject matter concentrated on food, as seen in Cave Art.Cave Art.

Paintings were created as rituals for a Paintings were created as rituals for a “successful hunt”“successful hunt”

““Venus of Willendorf”Venus of Willendorf”

Venus of WillendorfVenus of Willendorf 25,000-21,000 bc25,000-21,000 bc Limestone, 11cmLimestone, 11cm One of the earliest One of the earliest

prehistoric prehistoric sculpturessculptures

Found in AustriaFound in Austria

Why do you think this Why do you think this piece was created?piece was created?

Why it was created?Why it was created?

The female reproductive anatomy The female reproductive anatomy has been exaggeratedhas been exaggerated

Fertility symbolFertility symbol

Prehistoric art was created for two Prehistoric art was created for two major reasons:major reasons:

1) Food1) Food

2) Reproduce2) Reproduce

Egyptian EraEgyptian Era3,000 B.C. - 500 B.C.3,000 B.C. - 500 B.C.

HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics1st Bronze Tools1st Bronze ToolsMathematicsMathematicsAstronomyAstronomyHorseHorseWheeled VehiclesWheeled VehiclesPlow OxenPlow OxenPotters WheelPotters Wheel

HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics

““Art for the Dead”Art for the Dead” 3200-1340 BC - Egypt3200-1340 BC - Egypt - Art in ancient Egypt was art for the - Art in ancient Egypt was art for the

dead. dead. Egyptian art was created for their journey to afterlifeEgyptian art was created for their journey to afterlife In order for a Pharaoh to become a “god” they had to create In order for a Pharaoh to become a “god” they had to create

temples for worshiping the gods, massive tombs for afterlife, temples for worshiping the gods, massive tombs for afterlife, defend Egypt, and keep Upper and Lower Egypt united.defend Egypt, and keep Upper and Lower Egypt united.

The Pyramids of GizaThe Pyramids of Gizaalso known as “The Great Pyramids”also known as “The Great Pyramids”

One of the seven wonders of the worldOne of the seven wonders of the world 3 different pyramids Khafre, Khufu, 3 different pyramids Khafre, Khufu,

and Menkaureand Menkaure Giza a suburb of CairoGiza a suburb of Cairo The pyramids served as tombs for The pyramids served as tombs for

Pharaohs. Pharaohs. Each Pyramid is slightly different, Each Pyramid is slightly different,

Khufu is the largestKhufu is the largest Several smaller tombs for Several smaller tombs for

members of the royal family in members of the royal family in frontfront

Decorated tombs with colorful pictures of the gods Decorated tombs with colorful pictures of the gods they believed ruled in the afterlife.they believed ruled in the afterlife.

Tombs also possessed many statues and sculpturesTombs also possessed many statues and sculptures Tombs took thousands of slaves to build. (average age of Tombs took thousands of slaves to build. (average age of

slaves life 30-35) slaves life 30-35) Used wood, stone, and mud to create ramps with rope to move Used wood, stone, and mud to create ramps with rope to move

the massive stonesthe massive stones Not built in one pharaoh's lifetime.Not built in one pharaoh's lifetime.

Pyramids show that egyptian were Pyramids show that egyptian were efficient with geometry and efficient with geometry and pythagorean theorempythagorean theorem

Each stone was cut square and Each stone was cut square and placed to keep perfect symmetric placed to keep perfect symmetric slopeslope

Over 2 million blocks Over 2 million blocks used on Khufu’s used on Khufu’s pyramidspyramids

On average each block On average each block weighed 2.5 tonsweighed 2.5 tons

Base is the size of 7 Base is the size of 7 city blockscity blocks

Total weight 6.5 Total weight 6.5 million tonsmillion tons

The Great Sphinx, 2500 The Great Sphinx, 2500 B.C.B.C.

Carved from a single Carved from a single block of limestone leftover block of limestone leftover from the pyramidsfrom the pyramids

Pharaoh Khafre ordered Pharaoh Khafre ordered the construction of the the construction of the SphinxSphinx

Half human half lionHalf human half lion

240 feet long and 66 feet 240 feet long and 66 feet talltall

Characteristics of Characteristics of Egyptian ArtEgyptian Art

Faces looked generic, cartoonishFaces looked generic, cartoonish

Unnatural posesUnnatural poses

Stiff FiguresStiff Figures

Not very realistic Not very realistic

Mycerinus and his QueenMycerinus and his Queen

Both have left foot Both have left foot forward but no sense of forward but no sense of movementmovement

The queen is as tall as The queen is as tall as MycerinusMycerinus

Queen sculpture is not Queen sculpture is not very femininevery feminine

Two left feet, not in Two left feet, not in proportionproportion

Funerary MaskFunerary Mask

A sculpture A sculpture masterpiecemasterpiece

Made of gold and Made of gold and jewelsjewels

More realistic then More realistic then most Egyptian most Egyptian sculpturesculpture

Great detail with Great detail with designdesign

Excellent Jewelers Excellent Jewelers

Lion Hunt 850 B.C.Lion Hunt 850 B.C.

Great example of Art showing us Great example of Art showing us historyhistory

Why was Egyptian art Why was Egyptian art created?created?

Ancient Egyptian ArtAncient Egyptian Art

Created for:Created for:

The dead pharaohs and rulers (after The dead pharaohs and rulers (after life)life)

Art was also created for the godsArt was also created for the gods

Greek EraGreek Era900 B.C. - 200 B.C.900 B.C. - 200 B.C.

Greece -As a society they were the most artistic all around. Excelled in all of the “Arts” drama, literature, music, painting, sculpture, poetry, architecture.

Ceramics, painting, architecture and sculpture all glorified the greatest creation of all: humans.

Greeks were heavily influenced by Mythology

Greek Art gave usGreek Art gave us

Realistic SculptureRealistic Sculpture

Aesthetics/Human BodyAesthetics/Human Body

Architecture/Columns Architecture/Columns

What was going on in What was going on in Greece?Greece?

776 Olympics776 Olympics Alphabetic/ WritingAlphabetic/ Writing CoinsCoins Socrates, Plato, Aristotle/PhilosophySocrates, Plato, Aristotle/Philosophy Music/DramaMusic/Drama Human Body PerfectionHuman Body Perfection MathematicsMathematics Mythology Mythology

Acropolis (650-480 B.C.)Acropolis (650-480 B.C.) Greek city on a hillGreek city on a hill Hill was a extremely Hill was a extremely

rocky, called “Sacred rocky, called “Sacred Rock”Rock”

Acropolis was where Acropolis was where many architecture many architecture advances were madeadvances were made

City was full of many City was full of many different art forms: different art forms: sculptures, vases, sculptures, vases, architecturearchitecture

Three major temples were created Three major temples were created on the Acropolis:on the Acropolis:

The ParthenonThe Parthenon ErechtheionErechtheion Temple of NikeTemple of Nike Temples were dedicated to the Temples were dedicated to the

different Godsdifferent Gods

Gateway to cityGateway to city

Parthenon (447-438 Parthenon (447-438 B.C.)B.C.)

Most important monument of Greek Most important monument of Greek civilization civilization

It was dedicated to Athena, goddess It was dedicated to Athena, goddess of Athensof Athens

Made mostly of marble, 8 columns Made mostly of marble, 8 columns on one side and 17 on long sideon one side and 17 on long side

Central part of the temple is the Central part of the temple is the cella where the statue of Athena iscella where the statue of Athena is

Many renowned Greek sculptures Many renowned Greek sculptures sculpted pieces in the Parthenonsculpted pieces in the Parthenon

Compare and ContrastCompare and ContrastEarly Greek sculptures to Egyptian Early Greek sculptures to Egyptian

sculpturessculptures

(Standing Youth) Kouros(Standing Youth) Kouros600 B.C. Marble600 B.C. Marble

Early Greek SculpturesEarly Greek Sculptures Very comparable to Egypt Very comparable to Egypt

sculpturessculptures Block lookingBlock looking Hands in a fist, same Hands in a fist, same

postureposture First true “Freestanding” First true “Freestanding”

sculpturesculpture Sculptures are separated Sculptures are separated

from stonefrom stone

Kroisos, 525 B.C. Kroisos, 525 B.C. marble, 6’4”marble, 6’4”

Many of these Many of these sculptures were created sculptures were created during this time periodduring this time period

Used as gifts, offerings, Used as gifts, offerings, placed on gravesplaced on graves

Sculptures pulled away from Sculptures pulled away from Egyptian style and became very Egyptian style and became very realistic.realistic.

Greeks strived for Greeks strived for the perfect bodythe perfect bodySculptures very life-Sculptures very life-likelikeMuscle tones Muscle tones createdcreatedFaces look Faces look realistic/different not realistic/different not genericgenericCreated first free-Created first free-standing sculpturesstanding sculpturesSculptures based on Sculptures based on the gods and the gods and mythologymythology

Doryphorus,Doryphorus, 450-440 450-440

B.C.B.C. Classical ideal of the Classical ideal of the

human bodyhuman body

Realistic poseRealistic pose

Relaxed poseRelaxed pose

Discobolos, 450 B.C.Discobolos, 450 B.C.

Sculpted by MyronSculpted by Myron One of the most One of the most

famous sculpturefamous sculpture Gives us a sense of Gives us a sense of

movementmovement First sculpture to do First sculpture to do

thisthis

Greek PotteryGreek Pottery

Roman Era 500 B.C. - 300 A.D.Roman Era 500 B.C. - 300 A.D. The Romans conquered their world with a great

efficiency that remains unmatched.

They spread their power across many civilizations.

Romans created their own style, but were heavily influenced by the Greeks.

What was going on in What was going on in Rome?Rome?

LawLaw PlumbingPlumbing Julius Caesar dictatorJulius Caesar dictator Invention of paperInvention of paper Water millsWater mills Cement RoadsCement Roads Invention of glass blowingInvention of glass blowing Architecture/EngineeringArchitecture/Engineering

Roman art stood for power. Architecture became monumental,

beginning of arches and use of concrete Sculptures depicted re-named gods,

goddesses and prominent Citizens/Leaders

Painting, the landscape was introduced and frescos became enormous.

ArchesArches

Perfected by Romans and allowed Perfected by Romans and allowed them to create monumental-spacious them to create monumental-spacious buildingsbuildings

Pont du Gard, NimesPont du Gard, Nimes

Early first Early first century, century, Southern FranceSouthern France

Aqueduct carried Aqueduct carried water hundreds water hundreds of milesof miles

ArchesArches

The ColosseumThe Colosseum

In the center of In the center of RomeRome

In terms of In terms of mass one of mass one of largest single largest single buildings in buildings in the worldthe world

Builders of the Colosseum. The Coliseum’s Builders of the Colosseum. The Coliseum’s main purpose was for a main gathering place. main purpose was for a main gathering place.

Drama, gladiators, town meetings Drama, gladiators, town meetings Starting of “arches”Starting of “arches” Seat over 50,000 peopleSeat over 50,000 people Practical and efficient organization could Practical and efficient organization could

handle large crowds (80 entrances and exits)handle large crowds (80 entrances and exits)

*Below the wooden arena floor,

there was complex set of rooms

and passageways for wild

beasts and other provisions for

staging the spectacles

*Eighty walls radiate from the

arena and support vaults for

passageways, stairways and the

tiers of seats

The Pantheon is a Roman Law Building with a big dome and very thick walls.

Vaulted roofVaulted roof Very large round Very large round

templetemple Stood the test of Stood the test of

timetime Very large dome, Very large dome,

opening is 143 feet opening is 143 feet talltall

Hemispherical Hemispherical domedome

Proportional circleProportional circle

Julius CaesarJulius Caesar

The great emperor of RomeThe great emperor of Rome Began as a general and through Began as a general and through

many victories worked himself to the many victories worked himself to the dictator of Romedictator of Rome

Augustus, 20 B.C. 6’ 8”Augustus, 20 B.C. 6’ 8”

Sculpture of the Sculpture of the emperor Augustusemperor Augustus

Augustus was the Augustus was the adopted son of Julius adopted son of Julius CaesarCaesar

Made to look god-likeMade to look god-like Hand up to show Hand up to show

authorityauthority

Wearing the uniform Wearing the uniform of a Roman general, of a Roman general, depicting he is a depicting he is a great warriorgreat warrior

Holding staff, shows Holding staff, shows his powerhis power

Toga PartyToga Party

Formal garment of Ancient RomeFormal garment of Ancient Rome Symbol of citizenshipSymbol of citizenship Worn only for formal occasionsWorn only for formal occasions

Gothic EraGothic Era200 A.D. - 1300 A.D.200 A.D. - 1300 A.D.

The artwork in this era was dark. This was due The artwork in this era was dark. This was due to barbarians taking over, conquering the empire to barbarians taking over, conquering the empire of Rome. of Rome.

Artwork took a step back. It reversed.Artwork took a step back. It reversed. "Gothic" was first coined to (derogatorily) "Gothic" was first coined to (derogatorily)

describe this era's style- Goths a term for describe this era's style- Goths a term for barbariansbarbarians

The artwork was so dreadful that only The artwork was so dreadful that only barbarians could create this workbarbarians could create this work

Compare and ContrastCompare and Contrast

Art was not as realistic but symbolic Art was not as realistic but symbolic Look like Egyptian artLook like Egyptian art Gothic Art was based heavily on Gothic Art was based heavily on

religion.religion.

-Churches/Architecture-Churches/Architecture

-Bible/Manuscripts-Bible/Manuscripts

-Stained Glass-Stained Glass

What was going on in this time What was going on in this time period:period:

ReligiousReligious Black PlagueBlack Plague PorcelainPorcelain Printed BookPrinted Book Wind millsWind mills Water power for industryWater power for industry

Abbot MenaAbbot Mena

Illuminated Manuscripts- decoration of manuscripts and books with colored, golden pictures, and ornamental border designs.

Book KellsBook Kells

Ebbo St. LukeEbbo St. Luke

Crucifixion CoverCrucifixion Cover

HellHell

Compare and ContrastCompare and ContrastRoman & Gothic Roman & Gothic

ArchitectureArchitecture

Notre Dame de Paris, 1163-Notre Dame de Paris, 1163-1285 A.D.1285 A.D.

Notre Dame de Paris, 1163-1285 Notre Dame de Paris, 1163-1285 A.D.A.D.

One of the most One of the most famous/historic famous/historic gothic churchesgothic churches

Took over 100 years Took over 100 years to completeto complete

Unique square Unique square shapes on towersshapes on towers

Consists of rose windows of stained glass, Consists of rose windows of stained glass, ornately crafted spires, and the guardians ornately crafted spires, and the guardians of the cathedral, the Gargoyles.of the cathedral, the Gargoyles.

Vaulted roofs surpassed previous Vaulted roofs surpassed previous cathedrals, used triangular ribs and cathedrals, used triangular ribs and transverse archestransverse arches

Three different portals or entrances Three different portals or entrances contained different sculptures of bible contained different sculptures of bible scenesscenes

EntranceEntrance Relief sculptures of the Saints from Relief sculptures of the Saints from

the Biblethe Bible Sculptures almost come aliveSculptures almost come alive Each sculpture tells a story from the Each sculpture tells a story from the

BibleBible

West side of CathedralWest side of CathedralThe Gallery of KingsThe Gallery of Kings

Paris RoseParis Rose

Contains nearly all of the original stain glass

Much of the stained glass in churches were destroyed during the middle ages/war

The light from the Paris Rose shined down on a sculpture of Mary

Narrow passage waysNarrow passage ways Tall archesTall arches

What was Gothic art What was Gothic art based heavily on?based heavily on?

Churches/ArchitectureChurches/Architecture Bible/ManuscriptsBible/Manuscripts Stained GlassStained Glass

Art was more symbolic Art was more symbolic than realisticthan realistic

Renaissance EraRenaissance Era1,200 A.D. - 1,700 A.D.1,200 A.D. - 1,700 A.D.

Renaissance means rebirth. Revival of cultural awareness and learning Renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman art and

design Emphasis on human beings, their environment,

science, and philosophy. Artwork was done on walls and ceilings of churches,

public buildings, and private dwellings.

Artistic AdvancementsArtistic Advancements

Invention of oil paintsInvention of oil paints

Discovery of perspective drawing Discovery of perspective drawing and paintingand painting

Beginning of printmakingBeginning of printmaking

Invention of Oil PaintInvention of Oil Paint

Tempera paint was made by mixing Tempera paint was made by mixing pigment powder with egg yolks or pigment powder with egg yolks or gum VERY RESTRICTIVE.gum VERY RESTRICTIVE.

Oil paint was invented by mixing Oil paint was invented by mixing pigments with linseed oilpigments with linseed oil

Oil paint was easily blended, long Oil paint was easily blended, long lasting, slow drying, many different lasting, slow drying, many different colorscolors

Perspective techniques give the illusion Perspective techniques give the illusion of depthof depth

Objects that are closer are larger and Objects that are closer are larger and objects that are further away are objects that are further away are smallersmaller

Invention of the laws and mathematics Invention of the laws and mathematics of perspective was by Brunelleschiof perspective was by Brunelleschi

Using vanishing points and receding Using vanishing points and receding lines realism was achievedlines realism was achieved

Invention of PerspectiveInvention of Perspective

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Invention of PrintmakingInvention of Printmaking

It enabled the It enabled the transmission and transmission and communication of communication of ideasideas

Only place you Only place you could see artwork could see artwork was in churches was in churches (just the (just the privileged/rich)privileged/rich)

Wood block prints, Wood block prints, copper engraving, copper engraving,

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Which of the three new Which of the three new inventions do you feel inventions do you feel

impacted art the most, oil impacted art the most, oil paint, perspective, or paint, perspective, or printmaking? Why?printmaking? Why?

Florence, Florence, ItalyItaly

Florence was the center of Florence was the center of technological, scientific, and technological, scientific, and artistic discoveryartistic discovery

Many advances in Many advances in architecture, mathematics, architecture, mathematics, medicine, and engineering medicine, and engineering take place in Florencetake place in Florence

Four Major Artists of the Four Major Artists of the Era:Era:

Turtle Power:Turtle Power: Donatello, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello, Leonardo, Michelangelo,

RaphaelRaphael

Donatello di Niccolo Donatello di Niccolo Bardi (1386-1466)Bardi (1386-1466)

Donatello is known for his sculpture. Acquired great fame in his lifetime and was

called to many Italian cities to share his gift of sculpture

First free-standing nude First free-standing nude sculpture in a 1000 yearssculpture in a 1000 years

Church was finally less Church was finally less restrictiverestrictive

Depicts David slaying the Depicts David slaying the GoliathGoliath

The sculpture of David The sculpture of David became a symbol for became a symbol for FlorenceFlorence

David, 1425 A.D.David, 1425 A.D.

St George 1415-1416St George 1415-1416 Commissioned sculpture Commissioned sculpture

for the outside of a for the outside of a Florentine churchFlorentine church

Very realistic, broke Very realistic, broke away from typical Gothic away from typical Gothic sculpturessculptures

Also broke away from Also broke away from Roman and Greek Roman and Greek sculpturessculptures

Used live models to Used live models to created piececreated piece

He shows emotion with his faceHe shows emotion with his face Has an attitudeHas an attitude This was new and freshThis was new and fresh

Leonardo Da Vinci 1452-Leonardo Da Vinci 1452-15191519

"Obstacles cannot crush me. Every obstacle yields to stern resolve. He who is fixed to a star does not change his mind."

Trained in Florence, Italy as a Trained in Florence, Italy as a painter and sculptor not a scholarpainter and sculptor not a scholar

Was a genius both scientifically and Was a genius both scientifically and artisticallyartistically

Was not interested in books and Was not interested in books and what scholars had to say-he was what scholars had to say-he was interested in his own explorations interested in his own explorations and ideasand ideas

Always had to prove everythingAlways had to prove everything Struggle to work for commission Struggle to work for commission

and finish workand finish work Did drawings and sculptures on his Did drawings and sculptures on his

own terms.own terms.

Was a pioneer in the study Was a pioneer in the study of human anatomyof human anatomy

Dissected over thirty bodiesDissected over thirty bodies Almost 2,500 drawings and Almost 2,500 drawings and

studies of his ideas left in studies of his ideas left in notebooksnotebooks

Most of his notes and Most of his notes and drawings were kept-people drawings were kept-people knew of the importance of knew of the importance of them and the genius of them and the genius of LeonardoLeonardo

Leonardo was left handedLeonardo was left handed He took all of his notes from right to He took all of his notes from right to

leftleft Need a mirror to read his notesNeed a mirror to read his notes

InventorInventor

Created many Created many drawings of drawings of machines and machines and different items of different items of functionsfunctions

Examples of war Examples of war machines: armored machines: armored car, ladder for car, ladder for besieging walls, rock besieging walls, rock throwerthrower

Drawings of Flying Drawings of Flying MachinesMachines

Different architectural Different architectural designsdesigns

PulleysPulleys Drilling machinesDrilling machines Furnace designsFurnace designs Pile driverPile driver FansFans

““The Last Supper” 1498The Last Supper” 1498

Located on end wall of the refectory of Santa Maria Located on end wall of the refectory of Santa Maria delle in Millandelle in Millan

One of the most renowned paintings of the One of the most renowned paintings of the Renaissance Renaissance

Painting depicts the scene Jesus and the apostles at Painting depicts the scene Jesus and the apostles at the last supper, when Jesus tells the apostles that the last supper, when Jesus tells the apostles that one of them will betray himone of them will betray him

Leonardo painted himselfLeonardo painted himself Controversial Mary MagdaleneControversial Mary Magdalene

Painting Painting demonstrates one demonstrates one point perspectivepoint perspective

Jesus' head is the Jesus' head is the vanishing pointvanishing point

Leonardo would Leonardo would spend a full day spend a full day just looking at the just looking at the painting-studyingpainting-studying

““Mona Lisa”Mona Lisa” Most famous portrait of Most famous portrait of

all timeall time Painting is the wife, Lisa, Painting is the wife, Lisa,

of Francesco del of Francesco del GiocondoGiocondo

Painting has no hard Painting has no hard lines or contours, lines or contours, technique called sfumato technique called sfumato

Painting leaves us Painting leaves us something to guesssomething to guess

Most striking is her Most striking is her ambiguous half smileambiguous half smile

First portrait in which a woman looked straight into the viewer.

Portrait suggests a history, personality, mood, and feeling.

First recognized for its background.

Michelangelo Buonarroti Michelangelo Buonarroti

(1475-1564)(1475-1564) Trained in Florence, ItalyTrained in Florence, Italy Dissected humans and drew the human body Dissected humans and drew the human body

in many different positionsin many different positions Influenced by Greek and Roman Influenced by Greek and Roman

SculpturesSculptures Sculpture was his true love,Sculpture was his true love,

he hated to painthe hated to paint

Michelangelo was a prickly-tempered, mistrusting Michelangelo was a prickly-tempered, mistrusting and lonely man, lacking in both interpersonal skills and lonely man, lacking in both interpersonal skills and confidence in his physical appearance. and confidence in his physical appearance.

Was often hated by other artists because of his Was often hated by other artists because of his supreme talent and he often told you about how good supreme talent and he often told you about how good he washe was

His conceit and arrogance cost him many friends and His conceit and arrogance cost him many friends and found himself working alonefound himself working alone

Nobody could argue his brilliance and geniusesNobody could argue his brilliance and geniuses

The statue of The statue of “David”“David”

Stands over 14’ tall Stands over 14’ tall carved of marblecarved of marble

Three long years to Three long years to complete the complete the sculpturesculpture

The Statue of “David”The Statue of “David”

“A civic hero, he was a warning...whoever governed Florence should govern justly and defend it bravely. Eyes watchful...the neck of a bull...hands of a killer...the body, a reservoir of energy. He stands poised to strike." -Michelangelo

Combined beauty with powerful meaning

Statue stood Palazzo Vecchio, as a symbol of our Republic

Statue took 40 men 5 days to move it in place

Sistine Chapel Sistine Chapel How it began:How it began:

Michelangelo, while working on what he loves most (sculpture), is summoned to The Vatican by Pope Julius II to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

Bramante, persuaded the Pope to commission Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

Bramnate did not want Michelangelo involved in the construction of the St. Peters Cathedral

Bramante knew that Michelangelo was a self-proclaimed “terrible painter”

Hoping he would “screw” up the paintings and the Pope would have him killed and Raphael (his friend) would take the paintings over.

Plan did not succeed

Ceiling of the Sistine Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Chapel

“Genius is Internal “Genius is Internal Patience”Patience” Commissioned by Julius IICommissioned by Julius II

Began creating drawings and Began creating drawings and studies in 1508studies in 1508

Him and a team of artist starting Him and a team of artist starting painting in the fall of 1508painting in the fall of 1508

1509, Michelangelo fired all of 1509, Michelangelo fired all of his assistants and removed all his assistants and removed all paintings and took the job over paintings and took the job over himselfhimself

Kept his work hidden to all Kept his work hidden to all except the Popeexcept the Pope

He painted high on scaffolding He painted high on scaffolding on his backon his back

Much pressure was put on the artist to complete the paintingsMuch pressure was put on the artist to complete the paintings In 1511, as a result of the pressure, the paintings were uncovered In 1511, as a result of the pressure, the paintings were uncovered

even though they were not completely finishedeven though they were not completely finished In 1512 he finally completed the Sistine ChapelIn 1512 he finally completed the Sistine Chapel Many artists were influenced by Michelangelo’s unique style of Many artists were influenced by Michelangelo’s unique style of

paintingspaintings

"After four tortured years, more than

400 over life-sized figures, I felt as old

and as weary as Jeremiah. I was only 37, yet friends did

not recognize the old man I had become."

-Michelangelo

Nine scenes from the Book of Genesis, beginning with God Separating Light from Darkness and including the

Creation of Adam and Eve, the Temptation and Fall of Adam and Eve, and the Flood.

In order to prepare for this enormous work, Michelangelo drew numerous figure studies and cartoons, devising scores of figure types and poses.

These awesome, mighty images, demonstrating Michelangelo's masterly understanding of human anatomy and movement, changed the course of painting in the West.

““The Creation of Adam The Creation of Adam and Eve”and Eve”

Raphael Sanzio (1483-Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520)1520)

Raphael was strictly a painter Raphael was well liked with an easy

going attitude Had a tough artistic reputation to live

up with Leonardo (31 years older) and Michelangelo (8 years older)

Heavily influenced by both Had a short career

School of Athens, 1510-School of Athens, 1510-15121512

Plato and Aristotle in the middle of painting and Greek philosophers, poets, mathematicians congregate around them

The Classical architecture acts as a backdrop, pulling the viewer into the work by means of 1 point perspective.

The figures are highly sculptural, twisting and turning with high movement, influenced by Michelangelo

Galatea 1513 B.C.Galatea 1513 B.C. Light and playful theme..

The movement, the twisting and turning of the figures is reminisce of The Sistine Chapel

Painting has a triangular composition, a circular movement and rhythm.

Madonna with a Madonna with a GoldfinchGoldfinch

The Madonna shows us all the gentle tenderness of a Leonardo and the sculptural presence of a Michelangelo.

Notice the triangular composition

Romanticism EraRomanticism Era1,600 A.D. - 1,850 A.D.1,600 A.D. - 1,850 A.D.

Romanticism rebelled against classical forms and rules

1)Paintings were given personality 2)Emotional/dramatic paintings 3)Landscapes Paintings 4)Very Realistic

Small pox vaccineSmall pox vaccine Steam Engine Patent Steam Engine Patent American RevolutionAmerican Revolution French RevolutionFrench Revolution Artists: Rembrandt, Goya, Hogarth, Artists: Rembrandt, Goya, Hogarth,

Halls, Rubens.Halls, Rubens.

Peter Paul Rubens Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640)(1577-1640)

Very talented painterVery talented painter Great at organizing Great at organizing

figures in a paintingfigures in a painting Paintings had great Paintings had great

detail and very life-likedetail and very life-like

Rembrandt Van Rijn Rembrandt Van Rijn (1606-1669)(1606-1669)

Dutch painter, Dutch painter, draftsmen, and etcherdraftsmen, and etcher

Greatest artist of the Greatest artist of the 17th century17th century

His paintings are His paintings are characterized by luxuriant characterized by luxuriant brushwork, rich color, and a brushwork, rich color, and a mastery of chiaroscuro.mastery of chiaroscuro.

Numerous portraits and self-portraits exhibit a profound penetration of character.

His drawings constitute a vivid record of contemporary Amsterdam life.

The greatest artist of the Dutch school, he was a master of light and shadow whose paintings, drawings, and etchings made him a giant in the history of art.

Could bring the “personality” alive in paintings

““The Night Watch” 1642The Night Watch” 1642

Self-PortraitsSelf-Portraits16291629

16401640

16611661

16691669

““The Mill”The Mill”

Anatomy LessonAnatomy Lesson

Francisco de Goya (1776-Francisco de Goya (1776-1828)1828)

Great Spanish Painter Great Spanish Painter and Etcherand Etcher

Painted new subject Painted new subject mattermatter

Not just biblical did art Not just biblical did art work of dreams, work of dreams, fantasiesfantasies

Saturn Devouring One of His Children.Saturn Devouring One of His Children. 1820-231820-23

““The Giant” 1818The Giant” 1818

From Goya’s From Goya’s dreamsdreams

A giant “monster” A giant “monster” sitting on the sitting on the worldworld