Art Appreciation Test #3 ReviewChapters 20-21

Rebekah ScogginsApril 2, 2013

Wassily Kandinsky. Composition IV. 1911. German Expressionism: The Blue Rider

Giacomo Balla. Abstract Speed - The Car Has Passed. 1913.

Georges Seurat. A Sunday on la Grande Jatte. 1884–1886. Post-Impressionism.

Gustave Courbet. The Stone Breakers. 1849 (destroyed in 1945). Realism.

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. At The Moulin Rouge. 1892-95. Impressionism.

Umberto Boccioni. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space. 1913. Futurism.

Eugène Delacroix. Liberty Leading the People. 1830. Romanticism.

Vincent van Gogh. The Starry Night. 1889. Post-Impressionism.

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. La Grande Odalisque. 1814. Neoclassicism.

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Thomas Cole. The Oxbow. 1836. Romanticism.

Jacques-Louis David. Death of Marat. 1793. Neoclassicism.

Constantin Brancusi. Birds in Space. 1928. Abstract Art.

Pablo Picasso. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (The Young Girls of Avignon). 1907. Cubism.

Claude Monet. Impression: Sunrise. 1872. Impressionism.

Paul Gauguin. The Vision After the Sermon. 1888. Post-Impressionism.

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Street, Berlin. 1913.

German Expressionism: The Bridge.

Georges Braque. The Portuguese. 1911. Analytical Cubism.

Marcel Duchamp. Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2. 1912. Modernism.

Édouard Manet. Luncheon on the Grass (Le Déjeuner Sur l'Herbe). 1863. Realism.

Henri Matisse, Harmony in Red (The Red Room), 1908-1909. Fauvism.

• Industrial Revolution• French Revolution

• Neoclassicism

Jacques-Louis David. Death of Marat. 1793. Neoclassicism.

Neoclassicism

Characteristics of Neoclassicism

• The emulation of classical Greek and Roman art• Much of the subject matter in Neoclassical art was Roman or Roman inspired. • Focuses on reason as most important aspect, Enlightenment values• Ordered; Calm• Harmonious; Balanced• Instructive, containing morals• Socially conscious

• Romanticism• Painterly

Francisco Goya. The Third of May, 1808. 1814. Romanticism.

Characteristics of Romanticism• Believed the path to individual freedom was through

imagination, not reason.• Had a desire for freedom, not only political, but also of

thought, feeling, action, worship, speech, and taste. • Believe that imagination and emotion are more valuable

than reason• Celebrated nature, rural life, common people, and exotic

subjects in art • Sought to escape fixation on classical form. • Had painterly brushstrokes; you can see them in the

composition, unlike in the Neoclassical era, which had invisible brushstrokes.

• Realism

Gustave Courbet. The Stone Breakers. 1849 (destroyed in 1945). Realism.

Realism

A style of art that depicts ordinary existence without idealism, exoticism, or nostalgia Dissatisfied with the Neoclassicists & Romantics Believed that art should deal with human

experience and observation. Saw dignity of ordinary things and common life. Often highlighted the underrepresented, the

lower classes; or scenes people were sometimes uncomfortable viewing.

• Impressionism

Claude Monet. Impression: Sunrise. 1872. Impressionism.

Impressionism

• Opposed academic doctrines and Romantic ideals and instead turned to portrayals of contemporary society.

• Focused on two main themes: nature and contemporary city life.

• Considered the art of industrialized, urban Paris. • Were interested in singular moments, impressions of those

small amounts of time. • Affirmed modern life• Saw the beauty of the world as a gift and the forces of

nature as aids to human progress.

• Post Impressionism• Pointillism

• Japonaiserie

• Post Impressionism

Vincent van Gogh. The Starry Night. 1889. Post-Impressionism.

Post-Impressionism• Felt the Impressionists were neglecting too many of their

traditional elements of picture making in their attempts to capture momentary sensations of light and color

• Did not share a singular style• Much more interested in examining the properties and

expressive qualities of line, pattern, form, and color. • Some felt that Impressionism’s focus on sketchy immediacy

had sacrificed solidity of form and composition. • Others felt that Impressionism’s emphasis on the objective

observation did not leave enough room for personal expression or spiritual content.

• Pointillism

Georges Seurat. A Sunday on la Grande Jatte. 1884–1886. Post-Impressionism.

• JaponaiserieVincent van Gogh. Japonaiserie: Flowering Plum Tree. 1887 After Hiroshige. Post-Impressionism.

• Avant-garde

• Fauvism

Henri Matisse, Harmony in Red (The Red Room), 1908-1909. Fauvism.

Fauvism

Characterized by areas of bright, contrasting color and simplified shape and composition

Stunned critic called them “Les fauves,” which is French for “The Wild Beasts”

Went even further with color than van Gogh and Gauguin had before, using it both for expressive and structural ends

• German Expressionism

The Bridge

The Blue Rider

“Inner Necessity”

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Street, Berlin. 1913.

German Expressionism: The Bridge.

The Bridge appealed to artists to revolt against academic painting and establish a bridge between the Germanic past and modern

experience.

Wassily Kandinsky. Blue Mountain. 1908–1909. German Expressionism: The Blue Rider

The Blue Rider wanted to develop an art that would turn

people away from false values toward spiritual

rejuvenation.

Kandinsky hoped to create art only in response to what he called “inner necessity” or the emotional stirrings of

the soul, rather than in response to what he saw in

the world.

German Expressionism• Shared the expressive goals of the Fauves. • Desire to display emotions very pronounced• Developed imagery characterized by vivid,

often angular simplification of their subjects, dramatic colors contrasts, with bold, at times crude finish.

• Used the power of Expressionism to address the human condition, often exploring such themes as natural life, sorrow, passion, spirituality, and mysticism.

• Cubism

Analytical Cubism

Synthetic Cubism

Papier Collé/Collage

Georges Braque. The Portuguese. 1911. Analytical Cubism.

Analytical Cubism involved talking apart, or breaking down, the subject

into its various aspects.

Pablo Picasso. Violin, Fruit, and Wineglass. 1913.

Synthetic Cubism.

Synthetic Cubism was a process of building up or combining bits and

pieces of material.

Papier Collé/Collage

• “Prairie Houses”/Open Plan

Frank Lloyd Wright. Robie House. Interior. Chicago, Illinois. 1909. American Modernism.

• Futurism• Manifesto

Umberto Boccioni. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space.

1913. Futurism.

• Academic art• Salon

• Armory Show

Factors that led to Neoclassicism

o Industrial Revolution, began 1760 o American Revolution of 1776o French Revolution of 1789

o Enlightenment – also known as the Age of Reason, was the name that characterized the later 18th century, characterized by:o The idea that people should be ruled by reasono Shift to more rational and scientific approach to

religious, political, social, and economic issueso Belief in the importance of liberty & self determination

Artistic Influences on:• Neoclassicism• Impressionism• Post Impressionism• Fauvism• German Expressionism: The Bridge• German Expressionism: The Blue Rider• Cubism• Abstract Sculpture• American Modernism• Futurism

How Was Color Manipulated:

• Post Impressionism• Fauvism• German Expressionism: The Bridge• German Expressionism: The Blue Rider • Cubism• Futurists

Artistic Innovations & Shift in Subject Matter of:

• Neoclassicism• Romanticism• Realism• Impressionism• Post Impressionism• Fauvism• German Expressionism: The Bridge• German Expressionism: The Blue Rider• Cubism• Abstract Sculpture• American Modernism• Futurism

Wassily Kandinsky. Composition IV. 1911. German Expressionism: The Blue Rider

Who was responsible for the complete break with subject matter?

Comparison?