Supplementary Material

Predicting local extinctions of Amazonian vertebrates in forest

islands created by a mega dam

Maíra Benchimol and Carlos A. Peres

Corresponding author: Maíra Benchimol

This supplementary material contains:

Table A1. Forest area and sampling effort allocated to the 40 forest sites surveyed across the Balbina Hydroelectric Reservoir landscape.

Table A2. Literature used for compilation of life-history data of vertebrate species examined in this study.

Figure A1. Photographs of forest vertebrates recorded by camera traps within surveyed islands at the Balbina Hydroelectric Reservoir landscape (from the left to the right, side by side: Amazonian brown brocket deer, tapir, red-rumped agouti, black curassow, giant anteater, giant armadillo, tayra and puma.

Figure A2. Estimated site occupancy obtained for four ungulate species surveyed at multiple sites within the Balbina (N=40; this study) and Guatemala landscapes (N=50; Thornton et al. 2011a). Lowland tapirs are represented by Tapirus terrestris in Balbina and Tapirus bairdii in Guatemala.

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Table A1

Site name Forest area (ha)1

Number of

transects

Length (km)

Camera-trapping [effort4 / (no. CT stations5)]

Line-transect censuses (2)

Sign surveys (km)

Armadillo-burrow counts (km)

Number of plots7

Toquinho 0.55 1 Sweep [0.5]2 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1Joaninha 1.01 1 Sweep [0.5]2 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1Xibé 1.41 1 Sweep [0.5]2 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1Formiga 1.52 1 Sweep [0.5]2 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1Louzivaldo 1.74 1 Sweep [0.5]2 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1Aline 1.86 1 0.5 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1André 2.17 1 Sweep [0.5]2 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1Cafundó 2.70 1 Sweep [0.5]2 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1Panema 3.31 1 0.5 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1Torem 3.52 1 0.5 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1Pé Torto 5.85 1 0.5 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1Jiquitaia 6.85 1 0.5 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1Abandonada 8.23 1 Sweep [0.5]2,3 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1Arrepiado 8.35 1 0.5 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1Garrafa 9.22 1 0.5 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 1Abusado 12.37 1 0.5 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 2Piquiá 13.59 1 0.5 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 2Coatá 17.45 1 0.5 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 2Palhal 21.21 1 0.5 120 (2) 4.0 4.0 1.0 2Neto 32.82 1 1.0 120 (2) 8.0 8.0 2.0 2Bacaba 53.20 1 1.0 120 (2) 8.0 8.0 2.0 2Relógio 70.80 1 1.5 240 (4) 12.0 12.0 3.0 2Sapupara 77.89 1 1.0 240 (4) 8.0 8.0 2.0 2Adeus 95.05 2 0.5/0.5 240 (4) 8.0 8.0 2.0 2Moitá 97.42 2 1.0/1.0 240 (4) 16.0 16.0 4.0 3Pontal 110.03 3 1.0/1.0/1.0 360 (6) 24.0 24.0 6.0 3

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Furo 193.00 4 1.0/1.0/1.0/1.0 480 (8) 32.0 32.0 8.0 3Cipoal 218.74 3 1.0/1.0/1.0 360 (6) 24.0 24.0 6.0 3Jabuti 230.14 3 1.0/2.0/1.0 480 (8) 32.0 32.0 8.0 3Tucumari 292.32 3 1.0/1.0/1.0 480 (8) 24.0 24.0 6.0 3Martelo 469.76 4 1.0/1.0/1.0/1.0 480 (8) 32.0 32.0 8.0 3Tristeza 484.03 4 0.5/1.5/2.0/1.0 600 (10) 40.0 40.0 10.0 4Beco do Catitu 627.46 5 1.0/1.0/1.0/1.0/1.0 600 (10) 40.0 40.0 10.0 4Mascote 669.88 2 2.0/3.0 600 (10) 40.0 40.0 10.0 4Fuzaca 744.80 4 2.5/1.0/1.0/1.0 600 (10) 44.0 44.0 11.0 4Porto Seguro 1459.70 5 1.5/2.0/1.5/1.0/1.0 600 (10) 56.0 56.0 14.0 4Gavião Real 1685.38 5 1.0/1.0/1.5/1.0/2.5 600 (10) 56.0 56.0 14.0 4CF1 16850.38 3 4.0/4.0/4.0 900 (15) 192.06 192.06 24.0 4CF2 16850.38 3 4.0/4.0/4.0 900 (15) 192.06 192.06 24.0 4CF3 16850.38 3 4.0/4.0/4.0 900 (15) 192.06 192.06 24.0 4

TOTAL81 108.5 12,420

(207)1,168 1,168 217.0 90

1 – Total area of island covered by vegetation including shrubs, second-growth and primary forests; 2 – Due to the small island area,

sweep strip surveys along parallel transects were conducted by four independent observers operating simultaneously, until they

each obtained a census distance of 0.5 km; 3 – Island dominated by shrubs, precluding the establishing of line transects; 4 – Total

effort indicates the number of CT stations deployed, multiplied by the number of sampling days at each site; 5 – Number of CT

stations deployed during each 30-day annual session per year; 6 – Two-way line-transect surveys were carried out within

continuous forest sites; 7 – Each forest plot of 0.25 ha.

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Figure A1

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Figure A2.

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