ArraysAn array is a container object that holds a fixed number of values of a single type. The length of an array is established when the array is created. After creation, its length is fixed. You have seen an example of arrays already, in themain method of the "Hello orld!" application. This section discusses arrays in greater detail.An array of "# elements.$ach item in an array is called an element, and each element is accessed by its numerical index. Asshown in the preceding illustration, numbering begins with #. The %th element, for example, would therefore be accessed at index &.The following program, ArrayDemo, creates an array of integers, puts some values in the array, and prints each value to standard output.class ArrayDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {// declares an array of integersint[] anArray;// allocates memory for 1 integersanArray ! ne" int[1]; // initiali#e first elementanArray[] ! 1;// initiali#e second elementanArray[1] ! $;// and so fort%anArray[$] ! &;anArray[&] ! ';anArray['] ! (;anArray[(] ! );anArray[)] ! *;anArray[*] ! +;anArray[+] ! ,;anArray[,] ! 1;System-out-println(./lement at inde0 1 . 2 anArray[]);System-out-println(./lement at inde0 11 . 2 anArray[1]);System-out-println(./lement at inde0 $1 . 2 anArray[$]);System-out-println(./lement at inde0 &1 . 2 anArray[&]);System-out-println(./lement at inde0 '1 . 2 anArray[']);System-out-println(./lement at inde0 (1 . 2 anArray[(]);System-out-println(./lement at inde0 )1 . 2 anArray[)]);System-out-println(./lement at inde0 *1 . 2 anArray[*]);System-out-println(./lement at inde0 +1 . 2 anArray[+]);System-out-println(./lement at inde0 ,1 . 2 anArray[,]);33 The output from this program is'/lement at inde0 1 1/lement at inde0 11 $/lement at inde0 $1 &/lement at inde0 &1 '/lement at inde0 '1 (/lement at inde0 (1 )/lement at inde0 )1 */lement at inde0 *1 +/lement at inde0 +1 ,/lement at inde0 ,1 1(n a real)world programming situation, you would probably use one of the supported looping constructs to iterate through each element of the array, rather than write each line individually as in the preceding example. However, the example clearly illustrates the array syntax. You will learn about the various looping constructs *for, while, and do-while+ in the ,ontrol -low section.Declaring a Variable to Refer to an ArrayThe preceding program declares an array *named anArray+ with the following line of code'// declares an array of integersint[] anArray;.i/e declarations for variables of other types, an array declaration has two components' the array0s type and the array0s name. An array0s type is written as type[], where type is the data type of the contained elements1 the brac/ets are special symbols indicating that this variable holds an array. The si2e of the array is not part of its type *which is why the brac/ets are empty+. An array0s name can be anything you want, provided that it follows the rules and conventions as previously discussed in the naming section. As with variables of other types, the declaration does not actually create an array1 it simply tells the compiler that this variable will hold an array of the specified type.3imilarly, you can declare arrays of other types'byte[] anArray4f5ytes;s%ort[] anArray4fS%orts;long[] anArray4f6ongs;float[] anArray4f7loats;double[] anArray4fDoubles;boolean[] anArray4f5ooleans;c%ar[] anArray4f8%ars;String[] anArray4fStrings;You can also place the brac/ets after the array0s name'// t%is form is discouragedfloat anArray4f7loats[];However, convention discourages this form1 the brac/ets identify the array type and should appear with the type designation.Creating, Initializing, and Accessing an Array4ne way to create an array is with the new operator. The next statement in the ArrayDemo program allocates an array with enough memory for "# integer elements and assigns the array to the anArray variable.// create an array of integersanArray ! ne" int[1];(f this statement is missing, then the compiler prints an error li/e the following, and compilation fails'ArrayDemo-9ava1'1 :ariable anArray may not %ave been initiali#ed-The next few lines assign values to each element of the array'anArray[] ! 1; // initiali#e first elementanArray[1] ! $; // initiali#e second elementanArray[$] ! &; // and so fort%$ach array element is accessed by its numerical index'System-out-println(./lement 1 at inde0 1 . 2 anArray[]);System-out-println(./lement $ at inde0 11 . 2 anArray[1]);System-out-println(./lement & at inde0 $1 . 2 anArray[$]);Alternatively, you can use the shortcut syntax to create and initiali2e an array'int[] anArray ! { 1; $; &;'; (; ); *; +; ,; 13;Here the length of the array is determined by the number of values provided between braces and separated by commas.You can also declare an array of arrays *also /nown as a multidimensional array+ by using two or more sets of brac/ets, such as String[][] names. $ach element, therefore, must be accessed by a corresponding number of index values.(n the 5ava programming language, a multidimensional array is an array whose components are themselves arrays. This is unli/e arrays in , or -ortran. A conse6uence of this is that the rows are allowed to vary in length, as shown in the following MultiDimArrayDemo program'class