ARQ part II data management Training pack 2: Monitoring drug abuse for policy and practice.
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Transcript of ARQ part II data management Training pack 2: Monitoring drug abuse for policy and practice.
ARQ part II data management
Training pack 2: Monitoring
drug abuse for
policy and practice
Monitoring
• Monitoring is the systematic observation (surveillance) of defined aspects of reality for the purpose of:(in policy and practice) – Signalling changes that may call for
responses (interventions)– Evaluating the effects of responses (in research)– Explaining changes
Context
• Evidence-based policy and practice is growing in importance
• Monitoring is needed for evidence-based policy and practice:– To assess situations and developments– To define targets– To evaluate and adapt policies and interventions– To justify interventions and resource allocations
Objects of drug monitoring
For the ARQ, part II, the objects of drug monitoring are:
• The extent and patterns of drug abuse• The negative health consequences of drug
abuseOther objects of monitoring:• The extent and reach of interventions• The results of interventions• The social and economic costs of drug abuse
Responses to drug abuse
The main fields of intervention are:• Law enforcement• Prevention• Harm reduction• Treatment and rehabilitation
Conceptual framework
DRUG LAWENFORCEMENT
HARMREDUCTION
DRUGTREATMENT
POPULATION SURVEYS
SCHOOL SURVEYS
HEALTH AND SOCIALEFFECTS
HEALTH SURVEYSRISK GROUP SURVEYS
CASE FINDINGSTUDIES
KNOWNUSERS
TREATMENT DATAPOLICE DATA
CLIENT SURVEYS
MORTALITY DATAMORBIDITY DATASOCIAL SURVEYS
GENERALHEALTH ANDSOCIAL CARE
NON-USERS
EVER USERS
CURRENT USERS
DEPENDENTUSERS
PROBLEMUSERS
PRIMARYPREVENTION
Responses Drug use and problems Data sources
Drug monitoring system
Elements of a drug monitoring system:• Objectives• Indicators• Data collection• Analysis • Reporting• Interpretation
Objectives
• “Why?” precedes and defines “what?”, “when?” and “how?”
Examples:– Defining policy targets– Planning interventions– Allocating resources– Evaluating policy strategies– Evaluating the effects of interventions
Indicators
• Drug abuse and drug problems too complex• Indicators are selected and used as
descriptors of reality• Monitoring drug abuse and drug problems is
monitoring indicator data• Indicators must be:
– Valid– Considered appropriate by experts
Data collection
Relevant environment
Ÿ Population statistics
Ÿ Socio-economic statisticsŸ Studies on attitudes, etc.
Drug use/interventions
ŸExisting quantitative dataŸInformed expert opinionsŸPurposive estimatesŸQualitative studies
Indicator data
ŸPatterns of drug useŸDrug-related problemsŸExtent of interventions
Context information
SelectionRetrieval
Analysis
Different types of analysis:• Trends and differences (statistical analysis)• Influence of environment (explanation)• Effects of interventions (evaluation)• Construction of additional indicators
– Continuation of drug abuse– Incidence of (problem) drug use
Reporting
Requirements for reporting the results of monitoring:
• Data formats must be systematic and consistent
• The results of the analysis must be reported
• The objectives of the monitoring must be addressed
• The margins of error and possible bias must be stated
Interpretation
• What do the observed changes and developments mean for policy and practice?
• Recommendations on policies and intervention strategies
Network of monitors
Experts Stakeholders
Data
Conclusions
Discussion
Interpretation
Recommendations
Coordination
Governmentadministration
Researchers
Police
Treatment
Field workers
Health services
Data collectors
Setting up a monitoring system
• Assess capacities and resources (information, needs and resources analysis)
• Create a network of experts and stakeholders• Define your objectives• Assess the starting or baseline situation (rapid
situation assessment)• Select indicators (ARQ, IDIS)• Make a feasible implementation plan for data
collection, analysis, reporting and interpretation
IDIS, including INRA
www.unodc.org/pdf/gap_toolkit_module1.pdf
Integrated drug information system (IDIS), including information, needs and resources analysis (INRA)
Rapid situation assessments
ARQ Part II
www.unodc.org/pdf/cnd_quest/arq_part2_2002.doc