AromaWeb-Aromatherapy.doc
Transcript of AromaWeb-Aromatherapy.doc
Aroma Aroma TherapyTherapy
What is Aromatherapy?
Aromatherapy is the practice of using
volatile plant oils, including essential oils,
for psychological and physical well-being.
Essential oils which are the pure "essence"
of a plant, have been found to provide
both psychological and physical benefits
when used correctly and safely. There are
many essential oils. The Essential Oil Profiles area details over
90 essential oils. Absolutes, CO2s and hydrosols are also
commonly utilized in aromatherapy. Click on the links to learn
more about them. The term "essential oil" is often used as a
blanket term to also include CO2s and absolutes.
It is important to note that perfume oils also known as
fragrance oils or "fragrances" are not the same as essential
oils. Perfume oils and fragrances contain unnatural chemicals
and do not provide the therapeutic benefits of essential oils.
Unfortunately, many companies improperly use the term
aromatherapy on products that contain unnatural and perfume
oils, so it's important to look at the ingredient label when
seeking true aromatherapy products.
The Benefit of an "Aroma"Essential oils that are inhaled into the lungs are believed to
offer both psychological and physical benefits; not only does
the aroma of the natural essential oil stimulate the brain to
trigger a reaction, but the natural constituents (naturally
occurring chemicals) of the essential oil are drawn into the
lungs and can also supply physical benefit. If not done
A selection of aromatherapy
products.
correctly and safely, however, the use of essential oils can also
have severe consequences.
The Benefit of Physical ApplicationOils that are applied to the skin are believed to be absorbed
into the bloodstream. The components of the various oils are
believed to aid in a variety of health, beauty and hygiene
conditions. Since essential oils are so powerful and
concentrated, they should never be applied to the skin
in their undiluted form. To apply essential oils to the skin,
"carrier oils" which are pure vegetable oils are used to dilute
the essential oils and "carry" them to the skin. Common carrier
oils include sweet almond oil, apricot kernel oil and grapeseed
oil. A more detailed definition of Carrier Oils is found on the
What are Carrier Oils page. A detailed list of carrier oils and
their properties can be found on the Carrier Oils Used in
Aromatherapy properties page.
Other BenefitsEssential Oils can supply other benefits as well. Some oils, for
instance, act as a natural repellent and pesticide. You may
recall using "citronella" candles during the summer to keep
mosquitoes away. Citronella essential oil is the ingredient in
the candles that provides this benefit. Visit the Essential Oil
Uses page for more information on the variety of ways that
you can use essential oils.
Essential Oil BlendsEssential oils may be blended together to provide an especially
pleasing aroma. Oils can be blended together to also provide a
specific therapeutic action. A synergistic essential oil blend of
the correct oils in proper proportions is considered to be
greater in total benefit than each oil working independently.
About Aromatherapy ProductsNot all ready-made aromatherapy products labeled with the
word "aromatherapy" are pure and natural. Products that
contain artificial ingredients do not provide true aromatherapy
benefits. At worst, they provide no benefit. At best, they
provide only a fraction of the benefit that natural products
supply. Buyers seeking true aromatherapy products must look
at the ingredients within a product to ensure that the product
does not contain fragrance oils or unpure (chemical)
components. A general rule-of-thumb is to be wary of products
that do not list their ingredients and those that do not boast of
having pure essential oils (look for products that contain pure
essential oils on their ingredient list and avoid those that have
words like fragrance). A note, however, is that some sellers of
good-quality aromatherapy blends do not list their ingredients
because they are worried that others may copy their creation.
By asking the seller more about the blend, and listening to how
they respond, you should have a better idea about the quality
of the blend being sold. Good suppliers really should be happy
to tell you the ingredients when asked as some people should
avoid particular oils due to health problems.
History of Aromatherapy
Aromatherapy is derived from two words.
Aroma- meaning fragrance or smell and
Therapy- meaning treatment.
Aromatherapy was used by the most
ancient civilizations and is reputed to be
at least 6000 years old. It is widely
thought that Aromatherapy began in
Egypt. A medical papyri considered to
date back to around 1555 BC contains remedies for all types of
Apothecary drawers filled with bottles of
essential oils.
illnesses and the methods of application are similar to the ones
used in Aromatherapy and Herbal medicine today.
The Egyptians used a method known as infusion ( this process
is described later on) to extract the oils from aromatic plants
and incense was probably one of the earliest ways of using
aromatics. Frankincense was burned at sun rise as an offering
to the sun god, Ra and myrrh was offered to the moon.
The Egyptians were experts at embalming using aromatics to
help preserve flesh. The Egyptians used to be massaged with
fragrant oils after bathing . The Greeks continued the use of
aromatic oils and used them medicinally and cosmetically. A
Greek physician, Pedacius Dioscorides, wrote a book about
herbal medicine and for at least 1200 years as the Western
world's standard medical reference. Many of the remedies he
mentions are still in use today in Aromatherapy.
The Romans took much of their medical knowledge from the
Greeks and went on to use and improve the ability of
aromatics with Rome becoming the bathing capital of the
world. After bathing they would be oiled and massaged. The
Romans started to import new aromatic products from East
India and Arabia through the opening up of trade routes.
During the crusades the knowledge of aromatic oils and
perfumes spread to the Far East and Arabia and it was a
physician called Avicenna who lived from A.D 980 to A.D. 1037
that is understood to have first used the process known as
distillation to distil essence of rose ,although it probably took
many years to perfect the process. (This process will be
described later). The Arabs also discovered how to distil
alcohol around the same time making it possible to produce
perfumes without a heavy oily base.
There is a strong possibility that the ancient Chinese
civilizations were using some form of aromatics at the same
time as the Egyptians. Shen Nung's Herbal book is the oldest
surviving medical book in China which is dated about 2700
B.C. and contains information on over 300 plants. The Chinese
used aromatic herbs and burned aromatic woods and incense
to show respect to God.
Traditional Indian medicine known as ayurveda has been
practiced for more than 3000 years and it incorporates
aromatic massage as one of its main aspects. The invasions of
South America by the conquistadores brought about the
discovery of more medicinal plants and aromatic oils as the
Aztecs were well known for their plant remedies and the
Spanish were amazed at the wealth of medicinal plants found
in Montezuma's botanical gardens.
The North American Indians also used aromatic oils and
produced their own herbal remedies.
It wasn't until the 19th century that scientists in Europe and
Great Britain began researching the effects of essential oils on
bacteria in humans.
A French chemist , Rene Maurice Gattefosse, began his
research into the healing powers of essential oils after burning
his hand in his laboratory and immersing in it in lavender oil
and being impressed by how quickly the burn healed. In 1937
he published a book about the anti -microbial effects of the oils
and coined the word Aromatherapy. He went on to set up a
business producing oils for use in fragrances and cosmetics.
Around the same time another Frenchman, Albert Couvreur,
published a book on the medicinal uses of essential oils.
A French medical doctor , Jean Valnet, discovered Gattefosse's
research and began experimenting with essential oils. Around
the same time, Margaret Maury, a French biochemist
developed a unique method of applying these oils to the skin
with massage. Micheline Arcier, now living in London, studied
and worked with Maury and Valnet and their combined
techniques created a form of Aromatherapy now used all over
the world.
Essential oils are very expensive to produce, some more so
than others, due to the labor intensive process and the
quantity of the plant required to produce the oil,
Approximately 400kg of thyme would produce 1kg of essential
oil , 2000kg of rose petals to make1kg of oil , 6 tonnes of
orange blossom to produce 1kg of neroli , and 4 million
jasmine flowers to produce 1kg of jasmine absolute.
What are Essential Oils?
An essential oil is a liquid that is generally
distilled (most frequently by steam or
water) from the leaves, stems, flowers,
bark, roots, or other elements of a plant.
Essential oils, contrary to the use of the
word "oil" are not really oily-feeling at all.
Most essential oils are clear, but some oils
such as patchouli, orange and lemongrass
are amber or yellow in color.
Essential oils contain the true essence of the plant it was
derived from. Essential oils are highly concentrated and a little
goes a long way.
A wooden box filled with bottles of essential oils.
Essential oils are not the same as perfume or fragrance
oils. Where essential oils are derived from the true plants,
perfume oils are artificially created fragrances or contain
artificial substances and do not offer the therapeutic benefits
that essential oils offer. See the What are Fragrance Oils?
article for more information on fragrance oils and why they are
not used in aromatherapy.
The chemical composition and aroma of essential oils can
provide valuable psychological and physical therapeutic
benefits. These benefits are usually achieved through methods
including inhalation and application of the diluted oil to the
skin.
Essential oils are often used by diluting them with a carrier oil
(sweet almond oil, apricot kernel oil, grapeseed oil) and then
applying this blend to the skin for absorption. See the What
are Carrier Oils? page for more detailed information about
carrier oils.
Careful inhalation of the oils can also provide therapeutic
benefit as the oil molecules enter the lungs and are absorbed
into the bloodstream.
Essential Oils are usually sold for individual use in very small
bottles. See the Storing Your Oils page for information on how
to store your oils and to view pictures of essential oil bottles.
Essential oils can very greatly in quality and price. Various
factors that can affect the quality and price of the oil include
the rarity of the plant, country and conditions that the plant
was grown, quality standards of the distiller, and how much oil
is produced by the plant.
Essential oils can often be purchased as blends of several
essential oils. The advantage if it is a blend of pure essential
oils is that you can save from having to buy every essential oil
individually. The disadvantage is that you have no control over
the blend by not mixing it yourself nor can you reliably mix the
blend with other oils.
Is All the Hype About Aromatherapy True?
Are all the claims and is all the hype about holistic aromatherapy true?
This is a question I have received many
times, however the answer does depend
on the claims that you have personally
heard.
So many products, often incorrectly, use
the term aromatherapy on their products.
Some media reporters and vendors even
refer to aromatherapy as a "new
discovery" thus giving a false sense of hype to aromatherapy
and promoting inaccurate information about aromatherapy.
The practice of aromatherapy is the use of volatile plant oils,
including essential oils, for psychological and physical well-
being. Holistic aromatherapy does not include the use of
fragrance oils or unnatural products. Unfortunately, many
sellers of so-called aromatherapy products just use the term
aromatherapy to sell their pleasant-smelling product and
sometimes even go so far as to "hype" unfounded claims.
Below are a few common questions and answers that will help
clarify what aromatherapy can and can't do.
An array of supplies used in holistic aromatherapy.
Can aromatherapy cure my major illness or psychological problem?
If you expect or hope that aromatherapy will in itself cure a
major illness or actually cure "stress," you will probably be in
for a disappointment. But if you expect that aromatherapy can
help with a physical condition, can help with symptoms, can
effect your mood, or help alleviate or temporarily eliminate
stress or other psychological factors, you may be delighted
with the results that you experience.
For example, aromatherapy will not cure serious illness such
as cancer or AIDS. Aromatherapy, however, can help enhance
a cancer patient's quality of life by enhancing the patient's
mood, calming fear and can help ease nausea during
chemotherapy treatments. For AIDS patients, aromatherapy
can also help enhance the patient's quality of life
psychologically and essential oils can help improve one's
immune system and thus potentially assist an AIDS patient
that way.
Aromatherapy is a complementary alternative health modality.
It's current use is not intended to replace standard medical
care, but is meant to complement it. Aromatherapy can offer
an alternative choice to taking prescription or over-the-counter
chemical drugs. Aromatherapy can offer practical benefit for a
variety of common ailments or symptoms such as assisting
with cuts, wounds, bruises, inflammation, indigestion, acne,
skincare, haircare, hygiene, PMS, menstruation, and for
providing mental and emotional assistance with such issues as
stress, fatigue, anxiety, fear, and the list goes on and on!
The very first aromatherapy blend that I ever attempted to
create and try was for arthritis. I have arthritis in my knees and
it can get extremely painful. I wasn't sure what to expect of
this very first blend that I had made. To my skeptical
amazement, I had relief. The relief did not occur
instantaneously, nor was the relief permanent. Regular use of
the blend, however, did – and still does – help to a large
degree. This story is merely one example of the realistic
results that you may experience by introducing aromatherapy
into your lifestyle. I use the word "may" because everyone is
different and everyone's experiences can vary.
Aromatherapy does have valid and extraordinary uses. It can
improve one's lifestyle tremendously. But, as with anything in
life, sensibility comes into play. Do not fall prey to any claims
that aromatherapy can cure major illnesses or can cause
miracles to happen. Aromatherapy can be play a beneficial
role in assisting with major illnesses, but it cannot be
depended upon as a cure for serious issues.
Why is aromatherapy gaining so much press and exposure now if it's been in practice for thousands of years?
Aspects of aromatherapy has indeed been in existence for
thousands of years. The term aromatherapy, however, was
only introduced earlier in the 20th century. I believe the surge
in awareness of aromatherapy is threefold:
(1) Society today is more health conscious and is now more
receptive to natural alternative health modalities including
aromatherapy. The media has been actively covering the
trends in increased health awareness and alternative
medicine. The media has made a point to include the
aromatherapy "buzzword."
(2) The Internet has made it easier for individuals to access
and share aromatherapy information. This ability to network
has had a positive effect on the growth of aromatherapy and
aromatherapy businesses.
(3) Lifestyles of today are now more hectic and stressful. Since
aromatherapy can assist in reducing the symptoms of stress
and help one energize or relax, society is taking notice. If you
go to many stores that sell any kind of candles, bath or beauty
products, you'll most likely see products labeled with the word
"aromatherapy." In my personal experience, most times I see
the word "aromatherapy" on products not sold by reputable
aromatherapy retailers, the word is used incorrectly. So, the
surge in awareness of aromatherapy is both positive and
negative. Unfortunately, there is a lot of misinformation about
aromatherapy and mislabeled products around.
The above comments are not based on fact; they are my
theories to this surge in popularity in aromatherapy.
Some companies claim that for best results, I should use essential oils on my skin at full strength . Others claim I should never use essential oils on my skin at full strength. Which is it?
Essential oils are concentrated liquids and are very powerful
substances. They should not be consumed internally without
personal counsel from a trained aromatherapist and should not
be applied undiluted on the skin because they can be
extremely irritating in full concentration. I speculate that
companies that claim you can use oils undiluted are making
this claim so that you use your oils up faster thus increasing
your need to buy more for them.
If you don't believe that you should not use essential oils
undiluted on the skin, read several books and notice the
frequent warnings about undiluted usage. Who has more to
gain, the authors of the books that you read and who will not
profit from your oil purchases or the companies that want you
to use up your oils faster so you can purchase more?
Essential Oil Safety Information
Essential oils are highly concentrated
liquids that can be harmful if not used
carefully. Implementing aromatherapy into
your lifestyle shouldn't cause paranoia or
undue worry. By treating essential oils as
medicines and following the steps outlined
below, you will be well on your way to
safely enjoying the many benefits that
aromatherapy can offer.
These safety guidelines are not a complete safety reference
for the proper use of essential oils. When in doubt, consult
your physician and/or a qualified and trained aromatherapy
practitioner.
Essential oils should never be used undiluted on
the skin. There are instances when experienced
aromatherapy users and practitioners make exceptions
to this precaution, most notably with lavender
(Lavendula officinalis), but only once significant
essential oil knowledge is gained should you ever
attempt to apply an undiluted oil on the skin. Lavender
and tea tree are listed by a large number of
aromatherapy sources as being oils that can be used
undiluted. Undiluted use of lavender and tea tree,
however, should only be done on rare occurances as
severe sensitivity still could occur in some individuals.
Diluting a very small quantity of essential
oil in carrier oil.
Again, the safest rule of thumb is to never use any
essential oil undiluted.
Some oils can cause sensitization or allergic
reactions in some individuals. When using a new oil
for the first time, do a skin patch on a small area of
skin. Place a small amount of the diluted essential oil
(never use essential oils undiluted on the skin) on the
inside of your elbow and apply a bandage. Wait 24
hours to see if there is any form of reaction. Even if a
particular essential oil is not known to cause irritation,
this step should not be ignored. Even if an oil does not
irritate you, it still can irritate someone else. It is
important that you always keep that in mind.
Some essential oils should be avoided during
pregnancy or by those with asthma, epilepsy, or
with other health conditions.
Less IS More. When using essential oils, use the
smallest amount of essential oils that will get the job
done. If one drop will get the job done, for example,
don't use two drops.
Not all essential oils are suitable for use in
aromatherapy. Wormood, pennyroyal, onion,
camphor, horseradish, wintergreen, rue, bitter almond
and sassafras are some of the essential oils that should
only be used by qualified aromatherapy practitioners, if
ever at all.
Never let children use essential oils without the
presence of an adult knowledgeable about their
use. Most essential oils smell wonderful and many
essential oils such as citrus oils can smell like they are
safe to drink. Keep your essential oils away from
children. Treat the oils like medicines that are poison in
unknowing hands.
Essential oils should not be taken internally.
Essential oils should only be taken internally after
receiving a detailed consultation and prescription from
a trained and qualified aromatherapy practitioner.
Essential oils are flammable. Please keep them out
of the way of fire hazards.
Essential Oil Uses
Introducing essential oils into your lifestyle
can be quite easy, fun, and therapeutically
beneficial. Below are a few ways in which
you can get started. These methods are
intended as guidelines only, and you do
need to pay special attention to all safety
pre cautions applicable for each oil that
you choose. It is also important to
remember that essential oils are flammable.
Easy Inhalation - Place 3-4 drops of essential oil on a
tissue. Place the tissue near your nose and inhale.
When trying an oil for the first time, use only one drop
to ensure that you do not have a sensitivity or reaction
to the oil.
Steam Inhalation - Boil 2 cups of water. Pour the
water into a bowl and add 3-7 drops of oil to the water.
Use fewer drops if you are using an oil that may cause
irritation to your mucous membranes (i.e. cinnamon,
eucalyptus, rosemary, pine, thyme, cajuput, etc.). Place
your nose about 12" away from the bowl and inhale.
Don't inhale the steam constantly and if you notice any
irritation or discomfort, stop immediately. Steam
inhalation can help with colds and influenza. Use of
energizing or relaxing oils can also make this method
useful any time of day or night.
Room Freshening - Use the steam inhalation method
noted above but don't directly inhale into the bowl. Use
up to 10 drops of oil. Use fewer drops if you are using
an oil that may cause sensitization. Other methods
An array of items used in aromatherapy.
including use of an aromatherapy diffuser or lamp scent
ring available through many aromatherapy companies.
General Household Freshening - Add a few drops of
oil to your trash can, laundry wash, drain, vacuum bag
filter, or on a tissue for placement in your drawers.
Bug Repellent - Many essential oils including
citronella, lavender, and peppermint act as a natural
repellent against insects. Sprinkle a few drops of
essential oil onto tissues or cotton balls and place near
your doorways and windows to help repel insects. Be
sure to read all safety data on the oils you use as some
oils may not be suitable for use around pets. Be careful
not to apply the essential oil directly onto fragile
surfaces.
Massage - Add up to 20 drops of essential oil to 1
ounce carrier oil such as sweet almond oil and massage
onto yourself or partner. Keep away from eyes and
genital areas. Do not apply essential oils to the skin
without first diluting them. Be sure to also read the
safety data for the essential oils you choose to use.
Bath - Add 5-7 drops essential oil to 1 ounce carrier oil.
Add this blend to your running bath water and mix well
before getting into the tub. Be sure to read the safety
data for the essential oils you choose to use.
Other Uses
Essential oils can be used in making homemade lotions, facial
toners, shampoos, perfumes, soaps, shower gels, and other
natural products. Additionally, essential oils are often blended
for their therapeutic synergistic abilities.
Aromatherapy Tips for Beginners
Many of these suggestions are mentioned
throughout AromaWeb, but they are also
included below as a quick-reference:
DON'T: Don't buy perfume oils thinking
they are the same thing as essential oils.
Perfume oils do not offer the therapeutic
benefits of essential oils. Even if you only
intend on using aromatherapy in your
lifestyle for the sheer enjoyment of the aroma, essential oils
that are breathed in can offer therapeutic benefits. These
benefits do not occur with the use of perfume oils.
DON'T: Don't buy essential oils with rubber glass dropper
tops. Essential oils are very concentrated and will turn the
rubber to a gum thus ruining the oil.
DO: Read as much as you can on Aromatherapy. It is very
easy to get started with Aromatherapy, but there are safety
issues that you need to be aware of. AromaWeb does offer
safety tips and information to help you on your way, but you
are wise to read even further on the important subject of
essential oil safety. Visit the Book Shelf for book descriptions
on over 12 popular aromatherapy books.
DO: Be selective of where you purchase your essential oils.
The quality of essential oils varies widely from company to
company. Additionally, some companies may falsely claim that
their oils are undiluted or pure when they aren't.
DO: Learn to compare apples to apples when shopping for oils.
Anise, Lavender, Bay, Cedarwood, and Eucalyptus are
examples of the common names of plants used to create
essential oils. There, however, are different varieties of each of
Aromatherapy blending items
including disposable pipettes and droppers.
these plants. To differential these varieties, the botanical name
(also referred to as the Latin name) is used to tell them apart.
For instance, two different oils are referred to as "Bay essential
oil," yet they come from two different plants. The properties
and aroma of each oil do differ as does the general cost
between the two. It, therefore, is important to pay attention to
the botanical name. In the case of Bay, the common botanical
names for the two oils used in this example are Pimenta
racemosa and Laurus nobilis.
DO: It is also helpful to note the country of origin for the oil.
Most good essential oil sellers will readily supply the botanical
names and country of origin for the oils that they sell. When
comparing one company's oils with another's, also pay
attention to if either company's oils are organic, wild-crafted or
ethically farmed.
DON'T: It is wise not to purchase oils from vendors at street
fairs, craft shows, or other limited-time events. Some vendors
know beginners have no recourse against them later. This is
not to say that there are not highly reputable sellers at such
events, but this is a caution for beginners who are not able to
reliably judge quality.
DO: Purchasing oils from reputable mail-order companies may
result in obtaining higher quality oils at less expense than
purchasing oils from a generic local health food establishment.
Again, there is a wide variance in the quality of oils from
company to company and store to store. Although AromaWeb
does not make an endorsement of any establishment, the
Business Plaza's Vendor Pavilion lists a variety of companies
that sell essential oils and aromatherapy products.
DO: Store your oils in dark glass (amber or cobalt blue) and in
a cool, dark place. I have two wooden hinged boxes that I store
some of my oils in. Unfinished wooden boxes may be
purchased at craft stores. These boxes allow me to move my
oils from different areas of the house easily. Wooden floppy
disk holders can also serve this purpose well.
DO: Pay special attention to all safety information on all
essential oils that you use. This is even more important if you
have any medical condition or are pregnant.
DO: Last but not least, do enjoy introducing aromatherapy into your lifestyle!
Aromatherapy and Essential Oil Diffusers
Diffusion is the process of dispersing
essential oils so that their aroma fills a
room or an area with the natural
fragrance. From the simple to the
elaborate, many different methods exist
for diffusing oils into a room. Three easy
methods exist which can be done with
things you probably already have in your household. In
addition, there are numerous diffusers and diffusing devices
available for purchase from aromatherapy vendors. This article
will detail the different types of devices and methods that may
be used. For blends that you can try once you have your
diffuser, be sure to visit the Diffuser Blends page.
Methods That Can Be Done With Items Already in Your Household
Simple Tissue Diffusion
A variety of diffusers.
Place 3-4 drops of essential oil on a tissue. Place the
tissue near you. As movement occurs in the room (i.e.
as you move or as someone walks by), you will notice
the aroma.
Advantages:
This method can be used anywhere and is quickly
transportable.
Disadvantages:
This method does not emit much aroma into a room.
Steam Diffusion
Boil 2 cups of water. Pour the water into a bowl and add
up to 10 drops of oil to the water. Use fewer drops if
you are using an oil that may cause irritation to your
mucous membranes (i.e. cinnamon, eucalyptus,
rosemary, pine, thyme, cajuput, etc.). Use of energizing
or relaxing oils can make this method useful any time
of day or night. The steam will heat the oils and cause
them to evaporate quickly into the room.
Advantages: This method will quickly diffuse the oils
into a room.
Disadvantages: The aroma is not exceptionally long-
lasting. Additionally, the heat may alter or destroy
certain constituents of the oils and thus the therapeutic
benefit may not be as optimal as using cold-air diffusion
methods.
Candle Diffusion
Light a candle and allow it to burn for about 5 minutes.
Extinguish the candle, place 1 drop of essential oil in
the melted wax (not on the wick!) and then relight the
candle. Essential oils are highly flammable, so great
care must be used.
Advantages: This method can be used most anywhere
that a candle may be used.
Disadvantages: Essential oils are flammable, so great
care must be used. The aroma is not long-lasting. The
heat may alter or destroy certain constituents of the
oils and thus the therapeutic benefit may not be as
optimal as using cold-air diffusion methods.
Diffusers and Diffusion Products on the Market
The descriptions below are generalities about the different
products that are available. Always check the specifications,
requirements and safety comments supplied with the
particular product you are interested to confirm that it is
suitable for your needs and expectations.
Lamp Rings
Lamp rings are a terra-cotta ring that sets directly onto
a light bulb. It has a grooved lip that goes all the way
around it. This lip holds essential oil. The heat from a
light bulb heats the essential oil in the Lamp Ring and
the oil is then gently diffused into the room.
Advantages: Lamp Rings are usually very inexpensive.
Disadvantages: If any essential oil gets onto the light
bulb, the light bulb could break. The heat may alter or
destroy certain constituents of the oils and thus the
therapeutic benefit may not be as optimal as using
cold-air diffusion methods.
Clay Pot Diffusers
Clay pot diffusers go by many names, but they
resemble small terra-cotta pots. They also can be found
in various small shapes such as pyramids. A clay pot
diffuser contains an opening for adding essential oils.
Usually a cork is the method by which the opening is
closed. The oils permeate through the pot and then
diffuse out into the room. The intensity of the aroma
depends on how much essential oil is added to the clay
pot.
Advantages: Clay pot diffusers are very inexpensive,
easy to use, and do not require electricity or batteries.
Disadvantages: The aroma is strongest shortly after
adding essential oil to the clay pot and then dissipates
as time passes. As such, it’s hard to keep the same
level of aroma in the room.
Candle Diffusers
A candle diffuser is a diffuser that utilizes a tea light or
other candle to gently heat the essential oil to promote
diffusion into a room. A candle diffuser is usually
ceramic or metal. The diffuser has an opening or space
for a candle and a little bowl or tray for storing a tiny
quantity of essential oil. Candle diffusers come in many
shapes and colors from the modest functional piece to
the piece that acts both as a work of art and as a
candle diffuser.
Advantages: Candle diffusers can be inexpensive,
depending on the style and design. Candle diffusers do
not require electricity or batteries.
Disadvantages: One needs to be as careful with using
a candle diffuser as with using candles in general. Also,
one must be sure to keep replacement candles on
hand. The aroma generally diffused by a candle diffuser
is very light and it does not usually diffuse an entire
room. The heat may alter or destroy certain
constituents of the oils and thus the therapeutic benefit
may not be as optimal as using cold-air diffusion
methods.
Fan Diffusers
Fan diffusers come in a variety of sizes, shapes and
styles. A fan diffuser uses a fan to blow the essential
oils into the air. To use a fan diffuser, essential oils are
usually placed onto a disposable absorbent pad or into
a tray. The pad or tray is placed into the unit and then
powered on. The fan then blows air across this pad or
tray and carries the aroma throughout the room. Since
fan diffusers come in a variety of sizes, some fan
diffusers will only diffuse a small room whereas others
can diffuse very large areas. Some fan diffusers require
the use of an absorbent pad (the pads can usually be
reordered from the retailer or directly from the
manufacturer). In others, the use of absorbent pads is
optional.
Advantages: Fan diffusers are available in a wide
variety of brands and styles. Depending on the brand
and model, fan diffusers can fragrance a large area. Fan
diffusers are generally easy to use. Some fan diffusers
are powered by both electricity and batteries making
them quite portable.
Disadvantages: Some fan diffusers, depending on the
brand and model, require the purchase of replacement
absorbent pads. Some fan diffusers are noisy.
Electric Heat Diffusers
Similar to a fan diffuser, heat diffusers use heat and a
fan to gently heat the oil and disperse the aroma into a
room.
Advantages: Electric heat diffusers may fragrance
larger areas, depending on the brand and style. They
can also help to more efficiently disperse the aromas of
thicker oils such as Sandalwood and Patchouli.
Disadvantages: Heat may alter or destroy certain
constituents of the oils and thus the therapeutic benefit
may not be as optimal as using cold-air diffusion
methods.
Nebulizers
A nebulizer is a device that takes essential oils and
breaks them into separate molecules before dispersing
the smaller molecules into the room. It is said that
these smaller molecules can be more readily absorbed
by the lungs and thus create greater therapeutic value
than by use of other diffusion methods. A nebulizer is a
small (perhaps 8" x 4" x 6") device that consists of two
main parts: the plastic base that contains the motor
and a very unusual, clear blown-glass looking device
that holds and "nebulizes" the oils. Instead of the use of
the unusual glass piece, some nebulizers use a special
bottle that looks like a Boston round bottle.
Advantages: It is said that nebulizers can supply
greater therapeutic benefit than the use of other
diffusers because they break the oils down into smaller
molecules.
Disadvantages: The glass piece is breakable and
expensive to replace. Compared to other methods,
cleaning the glass between different oils is time
consuming. Depending on the style nebulizer, thick oils
such as Sandalwood and Patchouli usually cannot be
used as they can clog certain style nebulizers.
For Those Who Own a Food Dehydrator
I do not recommend purchasing a food dehydrator for diffusion
purposes as it is a little bulky and cumbersome for this
purpose. If, however, you already own a food dehydrator, you
may have nice results in using it as an alternative to diffusing
EOs. Excalibur, makers of high-end food dehydrators, say that
you can dry evergreen branches directly in the machine to
experience the aroma. They also mention that you can place a
wet sponge with a few drops of oil on it (they say vanilla
extract, but this should work with EOs) into the dehydrator. It
goes without saying, however, that you should follow all safety
precautions and instructions for your dehydrator model and
only leave your dehydrator running for this purpose for a short
period of time.
Aromatherapy Diffuser Blends
Below are 17 blends that can be used in a diffuser. Create any
of the blends (most are in batches of 10 or 20 drops) by adding
the proper amount of essential oils to a dark-colored glass
bottle. Add the appropriate number of drops from your created
blend to your diffuser following the manufacturer’s
instructions.
Remember...be sure and familiarize yourself using reputable
sources for the safety and contraindications of all oils you
choose to use! Make the smallest possible blend first to make
sure you like the blend before doubling, tripling, etc. the
recipe. Please remember that thicker oils (vetivert, pachouli,
oakmoss, sandalwood, benzoin) must be carefully used in
nebulizing diffusers; check the instructions that come with
your diffuser for specific information.
Please be responsible to find out the specific safety
precautions and contraindications of the oils in the blends you
choose to use.
Please note that these are posted for personal olefactory
enjoyment and are not organized for any specific therapeutic
or psychological benefit.
Blend 1
1 drop Jasmine
5 drops Lime
3 drops Sweet Orange
1 drop Cinnamon
Blend 2
12 drops Patchouli
5 drops Vanilla
2 drops Linden Blossom
1 drop Neroli
Blend 3
1 drop Jasmine
3 drops Sandalwood
4 drops Bergamot
2 drops Grapefruit
Blend 4
10 drops Lime
7 drops Bergamot
2 drops Ylang Ylang
1 drop Rose
Blend 5
4 drops Bergamot
2 drops Lemon
2 drops Grapefruit
2 drops Ylang Ylang
Blend 6
5 drops Spruce
3 drops Cedar (Virginian)
2 drops Lavender
Blend 7
4 drops Rosewood
5 drops Lavender
1 drop Ylang Ylang
Blend 8
5 drops Rosemary
1 drop Peppermint
3 drops Lavender
1 drop Roman Chamomile
Blend 9
6 drops Bergamot
11 drops Lemon
3 drops Spearmint
Blend 10
5 drops Bergamot
4 drops Lavender
1 drop Cypress
Blend 11
5 drops Spearmint
5 drops Lavender
9 drops Sweet Orange
Blend 12
5 drops Sandalwood
1 drop Rose
2 drops Lemon
2 drops Scotch Pine
Blend 13
1 drop Jasmine
6 drops Sweet Orange
3 drops Patchouli
Blend 14
4 drops Ylang Yalng
4 drops Clary Sage
2 drops Bergamot
Blend 15
7 drops Sweet Orange
2 drops Vanilla
1 drop Ylang Ylang
Blend 16
6 drops Juniper
3 drops Sweet Orange
1 drop Cinnamon
Blend 17
9 drops Sandalwood
1 drop Neroli
Oils for Emotional Well-Being
For an introduction to using essential oils to aid the emotions, please visit AromaWeb's Aromatherapy for Emotional Well-Being article. Additionally, AromaWeb's Recipe Box area contains a variety of recipes and synergies for aiding the emotions.
Anger
Bergamot, Jasmine, Neroli, Orange, Patchouli, Petitgrain,
Roman Chamomile, Rose, Vetiver, Ylang Ylang
Anxiety
Bergamot, Cedarwood, Clary Sage, Frankincense, Geranium,
Lavender, Mandarin, Neroli, Patchouli, Roman Chamomile,
Rose, Sandalwood, Vetiver
Confidence
Bay Laurel, Bergamot, Cypress, Grapefruit, Jasmine, Orange,
Rosemary
Depression
Bergamot, Clary Sage, Frankincense, Geranium, Grapefruit,
Helichrysum, Jasmine, Lavender, Lemon, Mandarin, Neroli,
Orange, Roman Chamomile, Rose, Sandalwood, Ylang Ylang
Fatigue, Exhaustion and Burnout
Basil, Bergamot, Black Pepper, Clary Sage, Cypress,
Frankincense, Ginger, Grapefruit, Helichrysum, Jasmine,
Lemon, Patchouli, Peppermint, Rosemary, Sandalwood,
Vetiver
Fear
Bergamot, Cedarwood, Clary Sage, Frankincense, Grapefruit,
Jasmine, Lemon, Neroli, Orange, Roman Chamomile
Sandalwood, Vetiver
Grief
Cypress, Frankincense, Helichrysum, Neroli, Rose,
Sandalwood, Vetiver
Happiness and Peace
Bergamot, Frankincense, Geranium, Grapefruit, Lemon,
Neroli, Orange, Rose, Sandalwood, Ylang Ylang
Insecurity
Bergamot, Cedarwood, Frankincense, Jasmine, Sandalwood,
Vetiver
Irritability
Lavender, Mandarin, Neroli, Roman Chamomile, Sandalwood
Loneliness
Bergamot, Clary Sage, Frankincense, Helichrysum, Roman
Chamomile, Rose
Memory and Concentration Basil, Black Pepper, Cypress, Hyssop, Lemon, Peppermint,
Rosemary
Panic and Panic Attacks
Frankincense, Helichrysum, Lavender, Neroli, Rose
Stress
Benzoin, Bergamot, Clary Sage, Frankincense, Geranium,
Grapefruit, Jasmine, Lavender, Mandarin, Neroli, Patchouli,
Roman Chamomile, Rose, Sandalwood, Vetiver, Ylang Ylang
Blends to Combat Anger
The below blends may help bring calm during times of anger.
When selecting and using oils, be sure to follow all safety
precautions and remember that aromatherapy should not be
used as a substitute for proper medical treatment.
Blend #1
1 drop Rose
3 drops Orange
1 drop Vetiver
Blend #2
3 drops Bergamot
1 drop Ylang Ylang
1 drop Jasmine
Blend #3
1 drop Roman Chamomile
2 drops Bergamot
2 drops Orange
Blend #4
3 drops Orange
2 drops Patchouli
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Blends to Combat Anxiety
The below blends may help during times of anxiety. When
selecting and using oils, be sure to follow all safety precautions
and remember that aromatherapy should not be used as a
substitute for proper medical treatment.
Blend #1
2 drops Bergamot
2 drops Clary Sage
1 drop Frankincense
Blend #2
3 drops Sandalwood
2 drops Bergamot
Blend #3
3 drops Lavender
2 drops Clary Sage
Blend #4
1 drop Rose
1 drop Lavender
2 drops Mandarin
1 drop Vetiver
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Bath Oil
Ingredients:
2 ounces carrier oil such as sweet almond
20 drops lavender or 15-20 drops of your own blend of
essential oils (be sure they are EOs that do not provide
skin sensitization)
Directions: Blend the oils together and store in an amber or
cobalt glass bottle. Do not use all 2 ounces of bath oil in one
bath. After you have drawn your bathwater, add about 1/4
ounce (7-8ml) of the bath oil blend to your bath water. If you
intend to use this bath oil with children, ensure that the oils
that you have selected are safe for administration to children
and use a smaller amount of the blend in the child's
bathwater.
Mix well to ensure that the blend has dispersed well in the tub
and hop on in. It's best to add the bath oil just before getting in
the tub instead of while the water is running so that the oils
don't evaporate before you get into the tub. Using this bath oil
blend is safer than adding pure EOs directly to the bath water.
This is because the EOs can settle in one spot on your skin and
cause irritation.
Bath Salt Recipes
Ingredients:
1 cup Dead Sea salt, regular sea salt or Epsom salt, or a
blend of two or three of these salts.
5-8 drops of your selected essential oil or essential oil
blend. Be sure and take heed in the safety data for the
oil(s) you choose to use.
Directions: Place the salt mixture into a bowl. Add 5-8 drops
of your chosen essential oils. Mix very well with a fork. Add the
mixture to a pretty jar or container that has a tight fitting lid.
After a day, you may wish to mix well again to ensure that the
oils have blended very well. Do not use the entire cup of salt in
one bath. After you have drawn your bathwater, add about 1/4
cup (about 2 ounces) of the bath salt to your bath water.
Mix well to ensure that the salt has dispersed well in the tub
and hop on in. It's best to add the bath salts just before getting
in the tub instead of while the water is running so that the
essential oils don't evaporate before you get into the tub.
Using this bath salt blend is safer than adding pure EOs
directly to the bath water and adds minerals and other
beneficial properties of the salts.
Blends to Help Increase Confidence
The below blends may help enhance your confidence. When
selecting and using oils, be sure to follow all safety precautions
and remember that aromatherapy should not be used as a
substitute for proper medical treatment.
Blend #1
2 drops Bay Laurel
3 drops Bergamot
Blend #2
3 drops Orange
2 drops Rosemary
Blend #3
4 drops Bergamot
1 drop Jasmine
Blend #4
3 drops Grapefruit
2 drops Cypress
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Calming/Relaxing Aromatherapy Blend
Ingredients:
1 ounce carrier oil such as sweet almond
10 drops Roman Chamomile
5 drops Lavender
Directions: Mix the oils well and add to a clean, air-tight dark
glass container. Massage gently into the feet of the individual
who requires increased calm. Giving yourself a foot massage
with this relaxing oil is also delightful. Roman Chamomile has a
strong sedative effect, so do not plan to drive or concentrate
after using this blend.
If you prefer to make a diffuser blend, make a blend with a
ratio of 2 drops Roman Chamomile to 1 drop Lavender and add
to your diffuser.
Blends to Help with Depression
The below blends can help during times of anxiety. When
selecting and using oils, be sure to follow all safety precautions
and remember that aromatherapy should not be used as a
substitute for proper medical treatment.
Blend #1
1 drop Rose
3 drops Sandalwood
1 drop Orange
Blend #2
3 drops Bergamot
2 drops Clary Sage
Blend #3
1 drop Lavender
1 drop Ylang Ylang
3 drops Grapefruit
Blend #4
2 drops Frankincense
1 drop Lemon
drops Jasmine or Neroli
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Energizing Blends
The below blends can help energize and stimulate you when
you are fatigued. When selecting and using oils, be sure to
follow all safety precautions and remember that aromatherapy
should not be used as a substitute for proper medical
treatment.
Blend #1
2 drops Basil
1 drop Cypress
2 drops Grapefruit
Blend #2
3 drops Grapefruit
2 drops Ginger
Blend #3
2 drops Rosemary
3 drops Bergamot
Blend #4
2 drops Peppermint
1 drop Frankincense
2 drops Lemon
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Blends to Ease Fear
The below blends can help during times of fear. When
selecting and using oils, be sure to follow all safety precautions
and remember that aromatherapy should not be used as a
substitute for proper medical treatment.
Blend #1 - Suited for Times When You Also Need to Be Energized
3 drops Grapefruit
2 drops Bergamot
Blend #2 - Suitable for Times When You Need To Be Relaxed and Calm
2 drops Clary Sage
2 drops Roman Chamomile
1 drop Vetiver
Blend #3
3 drops Sandalwood
2 drops Orange
Blend #4
2 drops Jasmine or 2 drops Neroli
2 drops Frankincense
1 drop Clary Sage
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Blends to Help Cope with Grief
The below blends can help during times of grief. Rose is noted
to be especially helpful during times of grief, so you will notice
that it is an ingredient in all of the below blends. When
selecting and using oils, be sure to follow all safety precautions
and remember that aromatherapy should not be used as a
substitute for proper medical treatment.
Blend #1
2 drops Rose
3 drops Sandalwood
Blend #2
2 drops Rose
3 drops Cypress
Blend #3
1 drop Neroli
1 drop Rose
3 drops Sandalwood
Blend #4
1 drop Rose
1 drop Helichrysum
1 drop Cypress
2 drops Frankincense
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Blends to Enhance Happiness
The below blends can help enhance happiness, joy and peace.
Citrus oils are a wonderful choice when seeking a pleasant,
happy environment, and they are inexpensive. When selecting
and using oils, be sure to follow all safety precautions and
remember that aromatherapy should not be used as a
substitute for proper medical treatment.
Blend #1
3 drops Bergamot
1 drop Ylang Ylang
1 drop Grapefruit
Blend #2
1 drop Geranium
2 drops Frankincense
2 drops Orange
Blend #3
2 drops Sandalwood
1 drop Rose
2 drops Bergamot
Blend #4
2 drops Lemon, Orange or Bergamot
2 drops Grapefruit
1 drop Ylang Ylang, Rose or Neroli
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Insomnia Aromatherapy Blend
Ingredients:
10 drops Roman Chamomile
5 drops Clary Sage
5 drops Bergamot
Directions: Blend the oils well in a clean dark-colored glass
bottle. Add 1-2 drops to a tissue and place inside your pillow to
aid you in falling asleep.
If you prefer to make a diffuser blend that you enjoy during the
hour before bedtime, make a blend with a ratio of 2 drops
Roman Chamomile to 1 drop Clary Sage to 1 drop Bergamot
and add to your diffuser.
Lavender can also help provide relaxation and drowsiness, but
using more than 1-2 drops can have the opposite effect.
Blends to Reduce Irritability
The below blends can help reduce irritability. When selecting
and using oils, be sure to follow all safety precautions and
remember that aromatherapy should not be used as a
substitute for proper medical treatment.
Blend #1
3 drops Mandarin
2 drops Lavender
Blend #2
2 drops Lavender
1 drop Neroli
2 drops Roman Chamomile
Blend #3
1 drop Neroli
4 drops Sandalwood
Blend #4
2 drops Mandarin
3 drops Sandalwood
Blend #5
3 drops Roman Chamomile
2 drops Mandarin
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Blends to Ease Loneliness
The below blends can help during times of loneliness. When
selecting and using oils, be sure to follow all safety precautions
and remember that aromatherapy should not be used as a
substitute for proper medical treatment.
Blend #1
1 drop Rose
2 drops Frankincense
2 drops Bergamot
Blend #2
2 drops Bergamot
3 drops Clary Sage
Blend #3
3 drops Bergamot
2 drops Roman Chamomile
Blend #4
2 drops Frankincense
3 drops Clary Sage
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Blends to Blends to Enhance Memory and Concentration
The below blends can help enhance memory recollections,
memory retention, and help concentrate. When selecting and
using oils, be sure to follow all safety precautions and
remember that aromatherapy should not be used as a
substitute for proper medical treatment.
Blend #1
3 drops Rosemary
2 drops Lemon
Blend #2
4 drops Cypress
1 drops Peppermint
Blend #3
1 drop Basil
2 drops Rosemary
2 drops Cypress
Blend #4
3 drops Lemon
2 drops Hyssop
Blend #5
2 drops Peppermint
3 drops Lemon
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Blends to Ease Feelings of Panic and Panic Attacks
The below blends can help during times of panic. When
selecting and using oils, be sure to follow all safety precautions
and remember that aromatherapy should not be used as a
substitute for proper medical treatment.
Blend #1
2 drops Helichrysum
3 drops Frankincense
Blend #2
1 drop Rose
4 drops Lavender
Blend #3
1 drop Neroli
4 drops Lavender
Blend #4
1 drops Rose
4 drops Frankincense
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Blends to Aid Self Confidence and Insecurity
The below blends can help alleviate feelings of insecurity and
help enhance self confidence. When selecting and using oils,
be sure to follow all safety precautions and remember that
aromatherapy should not be used as a substitute for proper
medical treatment.
Blend #1
3 drops Bergamot
1 drop Jasmine
1 drop Vetiver
Blend #2
2 drops Cedarwood
1 drop Bergamot
1 drop Frankincence
Blend #3
4 drops Sandalwood
1 drop Jasmine
Blend #4
2 drops Frankincence
3 drops Sandalwood
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Stress Relieving Blends
The below blends can help during times of stress. When
selecting and using oils, be sure to follow all safety precautions
and remember that aromatherapy should not be used as a
substitute for proper medical treatment.
Blend #1
3 drops Clary Sage
1 drop Lemon
1 drop Lavender
Blend #2
2 drops Roman Chamomile
2 drops Lavender
1 drop Vetiver
Blend #3
3 drops Bergamot
1 drop Geranium
1 drop Frankincense
Blend #4
3 drops Grapefruit
1 drop Jasmine
1 drop Ylang Ylang
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Blends to Ease the Winter Blues
Lack of greenery, gray skies, a snow-covered world, reduced
activity and the cold temperatures of winter can all lead to
what is known as the "Winter Blues." The Winter Blues involve
feelings of sadness, depression and loss of energy. The below
blends can help ease the symptoms of the winter blues. Citrus
oils are emphasized because they are energizing and uplifting
oils. Orange, lemon and grapefruit oils are inexpensive
(especially orange) and are also favored by many people, so
your whole household may enjoy the aroma. When selecting
and using oils, be sure to follow all safety precautions and
remember that aromatherapy should not be used as a
substitute for proper medical treatment.
Blend #1
3 drops Orange
2 drops Grapefruit
Blend #2
4 drops Orange
1 drop Ylang Ylang
Blend #3
3 drops Orange
2 drops Ginger
Blend #4
3 drops Grapefruit
2 drops Cypress
Blend #5
3 drops Bergamot
2 drops Clary Sage
Blend #6
3 drops Bergamot
1 drop Neroli
1 drop Jasmine
Directions: Select one of the blends shown above. Then,
choose which method you'd like to use the blend and
follow the directions below:
Diffuser Blend: Multiply your blend by 4 to obtain a total of 20 drops of your
chosen blend. Add your oils to a dark colored glass bottle and
mix well by rollling the bottle in between your hands. Add the
appropriate number of drops from your created blend to your
diffuser by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Bath Oil: Multiply your blend by 3 to obtain a total of 15 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 15 drop blend in the Bath
Oil recipe.
Bath Salts: Continue by using the 5 drop blend in the Bath Salts recipe.
Massage Oil:Multiply your blend by 2 to obtain a total of 10 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 10 drop blend in the
Massage Oil recipe.
Air Freshener: Multiply your blend by 6 to obtain a total of 30 drops of your
chosen blend. Continue by using the 30 drop blend in the Air
Freshener recipe.
Arthritic Joints Aromatherapy Blend
Ingredients:
2 ounces carrier oil such as sweet almond
20 drops Roman Chamomile
5 drops Black Pepper
Directions: Blend all oils together well and store in an airtight
dark-colored glass container. Gently massage into arthritic
joints using a small amount of oil.
Balm for Cuts and Scrapes
Ingredients:
3 ounces vegetable carrier oil such as sweet almond oil
or infused oil such as calendula (infused oil of calendula
can supply added therapeutic benefit).
1 ounce grated beeswax (Many herbal stores and
health food stores sell pure beeswax.)
40 drops lavender oil
40 drops tea tree oil
4 ounce wide-mouth jar
Directions: Place the beeswax in a microwave safe bowl and
melt in the microwave using a reduced power setting if you
have one. You can also melt the beeswax in a pan on the stove
using a low heat setting. Beeswax is hard to remove from
pans, so please keep that in mind. In a separate pan, slowly
and gently heat your carrier or infused oil. Pour the warm
carrier or infused oil into a bowl, add the melted beeswax and
then stir very well. Add the lavender and tea tree essential oils
and again stir well. Close the jar and wait until the ointment
has cooled before using. Remember that all bowl, pans and
utilensils that you use will be hard to clean afterwards.
Boo Boo Juice Recipe
Introduction:
Sometimes our little ones get a boo boo, and the fear from
their injury is far greater than the boo boo itself. For these
times when your little precious one is crying hard but the boo
boo is minor, have him/her help you make this easy recipe. It
gets them involved in learning first aid, helps take their mind
off the boo boo, and the lavender blend helps calm them and
kill a few germs. Note: This recipe isn't intended for serious
cuts/scrapes or injuries.
Ingredients:
1 Cotton Ball
Witch Hazel - enough to saturate the cotton ball
1-2 drops Lavender
Directions: Depending on the age and abilities of your little
one, have him/her help you by saturating a cotton ball with
witch hazel. Then, apply one drop of lavender to the saturated
cotton ball. Have your little one smell the "boo boo juice."
Since lavender helps bring calm, the aroma can be soothing.
Then, apply the boo boo juice to the minor cut/scrape or allow
your little one to take charge and do it. Apply a band aid if
necessary.
Alternative Method: If you prefer, you can create a pre-
blended bottle of boo-boo juice to have ready for those minor
cuts and scrapes. Add 1 ounce of witch hazel to a clean glass
bottle. Then, add 5-6 drops of lavender. Be sure to shake well
prior to each use. I prefered to use the directions above when
my daughter got little cuts and scrapes, as the process of
"making" the boo boo juice really helped take her mind off of
her injury.
Aromatherapy Blend for Bruises
Ingredients:
1 ounce carrier oil such as sweet almond oil
8 drops Helichrysum
Directions: Mix the Helichrysum into the carrier oil well. Apply
lightly to bruises 1-2 times a day.
Menstrual Cramps Aromatherapy Blend
Ingredients:
1 ounce carrier oil such as sweet almond
15 drops Peppermint
10 drops Cypress
5 drops Lavender
Directions: Mix oils well in a clean, dark-colored glass
container. Gently message a small amount into the abdominal
area.
Stuffy Nose Aromatherapy Blend
Ingredients:
15 drops Eucalyptus
13 drops Pine
2 drops Peppermint
Directions: Blend the oils together in a clean dark-colored
glass container, preferably one with an orifice reducer (a built-
in dropper insert). Apply 2-3 drops to a cotton ball and inhale
occassionally to help clear a stuffy nose.
Massage Oil Blend
Ingredients:
8-10 drops of your choice of essential oil or you own
blend of essential oils (be sure they are EOs that do not
provide skin sensitization)
1 ounce carrier oil such as sweet almond
Directions: Blend the oils together and store in an amber or
cobalt glass bottle. Apply during massage, being careful to
avoid sensitive areas.
Disclaimer: This blend assumes that you know how to safely
give a massage.
Air Freshener
Ingredients:
4 oz. clean spray bottle with a fine mist setting (do not
use a bottle that previously contained cleaning
products or hair products such as hair spray).
30-40 drops of your favorite essential oil or essential oil
blend keeping the safety data of the chosen essential
oil(s) in mind
1.5 ounces of distilled water and 1.5 ounces of high-
proof alcohol (vodka is suitable, rubbing alcohol is not)
or 3 ounces of distilled water.
Example blends of essential oils that may be used:
20 drops lime
14 drops bergamot
4 drops ylang ylang
2 drops rose
15 drops clary sage
9 drops lemon
6 drops lavende
20 drops rosemary
8 drops grapefruit
4 drops peppermint
2 drops spearmint (optional)
15 drops bergamot
15 drops spearmint
Be sure and take heed in the safety data for the oil(s) you
choose to use since an air freshener, by its nature, will come in
contact with all those in your household.
Directions: Fill the spray bottle with the choice of either 1.5
ounces of distilled water and 1.5 ounces of alcohol or 4 ounces
of distilled water. (Even though a 4 oz. bottle is suggested,
leave about 1 oz. unfilled so you can shake the bottle well
between uses.) Then, add 30-40 drops of essential oil.
Essential oils can very in strength. You may want to try 20
drops at first especially if you live in a household with someone
who is sensitive to strong aromas. Shake the bottle prior to
each use, and let it sit for about a day before making a
conclusion that the aroma is too weak; the aroma can change
after the air freshener has had time to sit. Mist lightly in the
room. Be especially careful not to allow the air freshener mist
fall onto furniture or into open beverages.
Acne Blend
Ingredients:
1 ounce light cold-pressed vegetable carrier oil (such as
apricot kernel).
10 drops lavender essential oil
7 drops tea tree or New Zealand tea tree (Manuka)
essential oil
2 drops bergamot essential oil*
1 drops geranium essential oil
or without bergamot:
1 ounce light cold-pressed vegetable carrier oil (such as
apricot kernel).
12 drops lavender essential oil
7 drops tea tree or New Zealand tea tree (Manuka)
essential oil
1 drops geranium essential oil
Special Precaution: *Avoid exposure to the sun for at least
12 hours after applying this oil since bergamot is a phototoxic
oil. There is a special version of bergamot that you can get
called "bergaptene free" that eliminates the phototoxic
properties of the oil.
Directions: Pour the selected carrier oil into a very clean
bottle (amber glass is best) and then add the essential oils and
tightly close the bottle. Roll the bottle to gently mix the oils for
a minute or two. Apply a small amount to the face, neck or
back, but be certain to avoid the eyes, lips, nostrils and inside
the ears. Gentle roll the bottle before each use to ensure the
essential oils are properly mixed.
Dry Hand Lotion
Ingredients:
8 oz. unscented lotion (many sellers of natural products
and aromatherapy products sell unscented lotion,
shower gel and shampoo)
10 drops Patchouli
20 drops Sandalwood
5 drops Carrot Seed
Directions: The best way to blend the oils with the lotion is to
pour the lotion into a bowl, add the oils and then mix very well.
Once mixed, add the lotion back to the bottle. Patchouli,
sandalwood and carrot seed oils help aid with dry skin. The
patchouli and sandalwood oils have a lovely rich scent when
blended together. The carrot seed oil is wonderful for the skin,
but is a little harsh in aroma. Borage and Evening Primrose are
wonderful carrier oils for helping the skin. If you have either of
these oils or can afford to get a small quantity, add a little to
your lotion for to give your skin even more nourishment. It is
always wise to do a skin patch test first on new blends first
before using often to ensure that you do not have a sensitivity
to the blend.
Facial Toner
Ingredients:
1 oz. vodka
3 oz. witch hazel
10 drops Grapefruit
5 drops Tea Tree
5 drops Cypress
Directions: Add all ingredients to a 4 oz. bottle and shake to
mix all ingredients. Be careful when adding the essential oils.
The first time you make this recipe, add only 10 drops at a
time and test on a small area of your skin to insure no reaction
before adding more oils to reach your desired strength. Shake
the toner well before each use to disperse the oils.
Hair Conditioner
Ingredients:
1 tablespoon Jojoba carrier oil
3 drops Rosemary
Directions: Mix the Jojoba and Rosemary in a small bowl (tiny
condiment bowls work great for this). Wet your hair with warm
water and then apply the conditioner. Let it sit on your hair for
15-30 minutes. Then, wash your hair as normal. Jojoba and
rosemary are helpful for dry hair. The rosemary is also said to
be helpful in aiding dandruff.
Shower Gel
Ingredients:
4 ounces unscented shower gel (many sellers of natural
products and aromatherapy products sell unscented
shower gel, lotion and shampoo)
40 drops of lavender or your favorite essential oils (be
sure that the oils that you choose to use are gentle to
the skin, and always do a skin patch test first).
Directions: Add the essential oils to the 4 ounce bottle of
unscented shower gel and mix extremely well. You do not want
to have pockets in the shower gel where the oils collect as the
concentration of essential oils could cause skin irritation and
also because your gel will not be fragranced thoroughly. Use
as you would any shower gel.
Mouthwash
Ingredients:
4 oz. Water
4 oz. Vodka (vodka may be substituted for water or a
pure rosemary tea infusion)
4 teaspoons Liquid Glycerine (available at many drug
stores) - optional and simply sweetens the mouthwash
10-12 drops Peppermint or Spearmint Essential Oil
5 drops Myrrh (optional - Myrrh can assist in mouth and
gum care)
Notes: This recipe makes a rather minty mouthwash but as it
contains no added flavorings, it is not as sweet or strong as
commercially available mouthwashes.
Directions: Boil the water and vodka then add the glycerine.
Remove from the heat and let cool for 10 minutes. Add the
essential oils and let cool for 1/2 hour and bottle. I like to bottle
the mouthwash in a clear plastic bottle that has a flip top to
make it easy to pour the mouthwash into a small dixie cup for
use.
What are Resins?
When some trees are injured, they
produce a thick, sometimes solid, sticky
substance called a resin. Benzoin (Styrax
benzoin) is an example of a resin. In
production, the trees will be cut in many
spots to encourage the tree to produce its
resin.
Natural resins provide therapeutic benefit,
but are hard to work with in aromatherapy because they are
extremely thick and sticky. You will find liquid resins that have
been extracted by solvent or alcohol extraction.
This herb box was made by American Indians from an old
cedar log.
What are Absolutes?
Like their essential oil counterparts,
absolutes are highly aromatic liquids
extracted from plants. Absolutes,
however, are extracted in a complex
manner that requires the use of chemical
solvents that are later removed during the
final stages of production.
Sometimes, the hot steam or water used to distill an essential
oil does not extract much natural oil from the plant or harms
the precious natural oil. The solvent extraction methods are
often used in these cases.
As a rule, absolutes are more concentrated than their essential
oil cousins. Where it is true that a little essential oil goes a long
way, a little absolute goes an even longer way.
A very trace amount of solvent can remain in the final
absolute. This indeed is a disadvantage to using absolutes as
aromatherapy focuses on the use of pure and natural plant
matter. Although the amount of remaining solvent is minimal,
absolutes are used in true aromatherapy with care, respect
and knowledge. Essential oils should never be taken internally
by anyone that is not trained, educated and experienced at
doing so. Absolutes should never be taken internally by
anyone because of that small amount of trace solvent that
may remain.
A cobalt glass bottle holding an absolute.
What are CO2s?
Oils extracted by the CO2 (carbon dioxide)
method are commonly called “CO2s” for
short. In a nutshell, CO2s are extracted by
pressurizing carbon dioxide until it
becomes a liquid. The liquid carbon
dioxide then acts as a solvent on the
natural plant matter and the essential oil
content then dissolves into the liquid CO2.
Afterwards, the CO2 is brought back to natural pressurization,
the CO2 evaporates back into its gaseous state and what is left
is the resulting oil.
CO2s are often labeled as essential oils as opposed to
absolutes since no trace of a harmful solvent will remain in the
final product. CO2s have an advantage over essential oils
because none of the constituents of the oil are damaged by
heat.
CO2s are usually thicker than their essential oil counterparts
and often smell closer to the aroma of the natural herb. CO2s
have been said to contain additional constituents than what is
extracted from the same plant using steam distillation. This
would seem to make sense since CO2s generally are thicker
oils and often seem to have a more rounded aroma.
An array of items used in aromatherapy.
What are Hydrosols?
Briefly stated, a hydrosol is the water that
remains after producing an essential oil
via steam or water distillation. Hydrosols
are sometimes also referred to as a floral
water or distillate water.
Suzanne Catty, author of Hydrosols: The
Next Aromatherapy proposes the following
definition: "Hydrosols are the condensate
water coproduced during the steam- or
hydro-distillation of plant material for aromatherapeutic
purposes." [Suzanne Catty, Hydrosols: The Next Aromatherapy
(Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press, 2001), 10.]
The plant matter used in essential oil distillation imparts a
wonderful aroma to the water. This hydrosol also offers
therapeutic benefit and is also sold for aromatherapy use.
Some plants are actually distilled for the resulting hydrosol
instead of the hydrosol being simply a byproduct of the
distillation. It is always wise to ask vendors for details about
the hydrosols that they sell (and preferably request samples,
too).
Important Note: Sometimes water simply blended with
essential oils are sometimes sold as floral waters or even
falsely referred to as hydrosols. It is important that you ask the
vendor for specifics about his/her "floral waters."
Hydrosols can be used in place of water in creating facial
toners and other skin care products. They can also be added to
the bath, used as a light cologne or body spray, and even used
An array of aromatherapy
products. Pictured is a spray bottle that works
wonderfully with hydrosols.
in finger bowls for elegant, romantic dinners. Examples of
commonly available hydrosols are rose, roman chamomile,
neroli and lavender.
What are Fragrance Oils?
Essential oils contain the true essence of
the plant it was derived from. Essential
oils are not the same as perfume oils
or fragrance oils. Where essential oils
are derived from the true plants, perfume
and fragrance oils are artificially created
fragrances, contain artificial substances or
are diluted with carrier oils and do not
offer the caliber of therapeutic benefits
that essential oils offer.
I've visited many stores (including health food stores) and the
sites of many aromatherapy vendors. It's unfortunate, but
some companies are selling fragrance oil and perfume oils with
the word aromatherapy on the label or promoting these oils as
being used in aromatherapy. Since the use of the word
aromatherapy isn't regulated by the U.S. Government,
companies can and do get away with this.
Unfortunately, a lot of beauty products, skin-care products,
candles, and other products are improperly labeled with the
term aromatherapy. This is especially common in products not
purchased from a knowledgeable and reputable aromatherapy
vendor. Some products labeled with the word aromatherapy
contain fragrance or perfume oils or other synthetic
ingredients. Always check the ingredients listed on the item
you wish to buy. If the ingredients aren't listed or if it contains
A bottle that can be used to store a fragrance oil.
synthetics or perfume oils and you want a true aromatherapy
product, don't buy it.
Hazardous Essential Oils
The list shown below contains essential oils that should not be
used in aromatherapy without the express administration by a
qualified aromatherapy practitioner. Many should not even be
used by a qualified practitioner. Do not assume that an oil is
safe to use if it is not on this list.
Ajowan
Trachyspermum copticum
Almond, BitterPrunus dulcis var. amara
ArnicaArnica Montana
Birch, SweetBetula lenta
Boldo LeafPeumus boldus
Broom, SpanishSpartium junceum
CalamusAcorus calamus var. angustatus
CamphorCinnamomum camphora
Deertongue
Melilotus
Melilotus officinalis
MugwortArtemisia vulgaris
MustardBrassica nigra
OnionAllium cepa
PennyroyalMentha pulegium
RueRuta graveolens
SassafrasSassafras albidum
ThujaThuja occidentalis
Wintergreen
Carphephorus odoratissimus
GarlicAllium sativum
HorseradishArmoracia rusticana
JaborandiPilocarpus jaborandi
Gaultheria procumbens
WormseedChenopodium ambrosioides var. anthelminticum
WormwoodArtemisia absinthium
Important Note: The information provided in the Oil Profiles area is for educational purposes only. This data is not considered complete and is not guaranteed to be accurate.
What are Carrier Oils?
Carrier oils also referred to as base oils or
vegetable oils are used to dilute essential
oils, CO2s and absolutes before applying
to the skin. They “carry” the essential oil
onto the skin. Different carrier oils offer
different properties and the choice of
carrier oil can depend on the therapeutic
benefit being sought.
Carrier oils are generally cold-pressed vegetable oils derived
from the fatty portions of the plant. Unlike essential oils that
evaporate and have a concentrated aroma, carrier oils do not
evaporate or impart their aroma as strongly as essential oils.
Examples of carrier oils are sweet almond, apricot kernel,
grapeseed, avocado, peanut, olive, pecan, macadamia nut,
sesame, evening primrose, walnut and wheat germ. Most oils
bought in the grocery store are not cold-pressed. Instead, the
oils are heated and therefore have less therapeutic benefit.
Adding an essential oil, drop by drop, to
carrier oil.
Mineral oil is not used in aromatherapy because mineral oil is
not a natural product. It is also said that mineral oil can
prevent essential oil absorption into the skin.
Essential oils do not go rancid. Carrier oils, however, can go
rancid. Carrier oils that you purchase should be natural and
unadulterated. Exceptions include buying carrier oils that have
natural vitamin E added. Vitamin E acts as a natural
preservative.
Carrier Oils
Carrier oils also referred to as base oils or vegetable oils are used to dilute essential oils, CO2s and absolutes before applying to the skin. Please see the What are Carrier Oils? article for more information on what carrier oils are and how they are used. Below is a list of many of the commonly used carrier oils.
Almond, Sweet
Botanical Name: Prunus amygdalus var. dulcus
Aroma: Light, slightly sweet and nutty.
Texture: Slightly oily, leaves a slight oily feeling on the skin.
Absorbs semi-quickly.
Color: Virtually clear with a tinge of yellow.
Notes: Sweet Almond oil is considered to be a good all-
purpose carrier oil to keep on hand and is moderately priced.
Apricot Kernel
Botanical Name: Prunus armeniaca
Aroma: Faint
Texture: Somewhat oily, absorbs semi-quickly.
Color: Virtually clear with a tinge of yellow.
Notes: The semi-oily texture makes this oil helpful in massage
blends.
Avocado
Botanical Name: Persea americana
Aroma: Medium. Somewhat sweet, fatty and nutty in aroma.
Texture: Thick, leaves a fatty, almost waxy feel to the skin.
Color: Deep olive green.
Notes: If not carefully used or used in a small dilution with
another carrier, it may overpower a blend.
Borage
Botanical Name: Borago officinalis
Aroma: Light and sweet.
Texture: Thin to medium, leaves a somewhat oily feel to the
skin.
Color: Light yellow.
Notes: Is said to be excellent in treating many skin conditions.
Borage oil is expensive and is usually blended in a small
(often 10%) dilution with other carrier oils. It goes rancid
rather quickly.
Cocoa Butter
Botanical Name: Theobroma cacao
Aroma: Unrefined cocoa butter is rich and very sweet . It has
a chocolaty, "cocoa" aroma. The cocoa aroma is less
noticeable in refined cocoa butter.
Texture: Solid and hard to work with at room temperate.
Breaks into pieces.
Color: Yellowish tan.
Notes: Cocoa butter needs to be blended with other
materials/oils to be workable. Suitable for use in lotions and
creams.
Evening Primrose
Botanical Name: Oenothera biennis
Aroma: Light and sweet
Texture: Thin, leaves only a trace of oiliness on the skin.
Color: Medium yellow.
Notes: Evening Primrose is also said to be excellent in treating
many skin conditions. It is expensive and is usually blended in
a small (often 10%) dilution with other carrier oils. It goes
rancid quickly.
Grapeseed
Botanical Name: Vitus vinifera
Aroma: Light, slightly sweet with a hint of a nutty aroma.
Texture: Thin but leaves a glossy film on the skin.
Color: Virtually clear, has an almost unnoticeable tinge of
yellow/green.
Notes: Unlike most other carrier oils, grapeseed oil is solvent
extracted and may have trace amounts of chemical solvent
remaining. I have heard mixed reports on the shelf-life of
grapeseed (some have said it goes rancid rather fast). I
usually go through a bottle of grapeseed once each six
months and have not discovered any problems with rancidity
when stored in an amber bottle in a cool dark area.
Hazelnut
Botanical Name: Corylus avellana
Aroma: Light, nutty, somewhat sweet.
Texture: Thin and only leaves a slightly oily film on the skin.
Color: Light yellow.
Notes: It is said to be a good choice for those with oilier skin.
Jojoba
Botanical Name: Simmondsia chinensis
Aroma: Light to medium in aroma, not as sweet as the nut
oils. The aroma is distinct but pleasant.
Texture: Light and silky. Absorbs well.
Color: Yellow.
Notes: Jojoba "oil" is actually a wax. It is a somewhat pricier
oil and is frequently blended in a small dilution (10%) with
other oils. It has a very long shelf-life.
Kukui
Botanical Name: Aleurites moluccana
Aroma: Light, sweet, pleasant, nutty.
Texture: Thin. Absorbs well, leaving only a trace oily feeling
on the skin.
Color: Clear with a hint of yellow.
Notes: It is said to be excellent in treating many skin
conditions. It is a somewhat more pricier oil. It goes rancid
rather quickly.
Macadamia Nut
Botanical Name: Macadamia integrifolia
Aroma: More fragrant than sweet almond and some of the
other nut oils, it is very sweet, fatty and nutty in aroma.
Texture: Thick and leaves an oily film on the skin.
Color: Clear with a tinge of yellow.
Notes: If not carefully used or used in a small dilution with
another carrier, it may overpower a blend.
Olive
Botanical Name: Olea europaea
Aroma: Typical aroma of olive oil used in cooking (smells
somewhat like olives).
Texture: Heavy and rather oily.
Color: Light to medium green.
Notes: If not carefully used or used in a small dilution with
another carrier, it may overpower a blend.
Peanut
Botanical Name: Arachis hypogeae
Aroma: Like Pecan, it is extremely light in aroma with a slight
fatty, nutty quality.
Texture: Thick and leaves a very oily film on the skin.
Color: Virtually clear.
Notes: Peanut oil should not be used by anyone that has an
allergy to peanuts. Because of it's oiliness, it is said to be a
good choice for inclusion in massage blends. It has been said
that it is a good oil to use for those with arthritis.
Pecan
Botanical Name: Carya pecan
Aroma: Extremely light with a hint of a fatty, nutty aroma.
Texture: Medium thickness, leaves a slight oily film on the
skin.
Color: Virtually clear.
Notes: It is said that it goes rancid somewhat quickly. I have
used only one bottle of Pecan oil and did not discover any
problems with rancidity when stored in an amber bottle in a
cool dark area during my use of the oil over about 4-6
months.
Rose Hip
Botanical Name: Rosa mosqueta
Aroma: Mild and perhaps earthy aroma.
Texture: Light and leaves only a hint of oil on the skin.
Color: Virtually clear.
Notes: It is said to be excellent in treating many skin
conditions. It is expensive and is usually blended in a small
(often 10%) dilution with other carrier oils. It goes rancid
rather quickly.
Sesame
Botanical Name: Sesamum indicum
Aroma: Medium with a distinctive sweet, nutty sesame scent.
May overpower a blend if not diluted with another carrier oil.
Texture: Mildly thick, leaves an oily film on the skin.
Color: Light yellow.
Notes: Sesame oil may overpower a blend if not diluted with
another carrier oil.
Shea Butter
Botanical Name: Butyrospermun parkii
Aroma: Nutty, fatty.
Texture: Solid but permeable at room temperature. Leaves an
oily/waxy feeling on the skin.
Color: Off-white/cream.
Notes: Suitable for use in lotions and creams.
Sunflower
Botanical Name: Helianthus annuus
Aroma: Faint and sweet.
Texture: Thin and does not leave an oily residue.
Color: Virtually clear with a tinge of yellow.
Notes: When choosing sunflower oil, strive to get unrefined
oil.
Important Note: The information provided in the Oil Profiles area is for educational purposes only. This data is not considered complete and is not guaranteed to be accurate.
What are Infused Oils?
An infused oil consists of a carrier oil that
has been permeated (“infused”) with one
or more herbs. The benefit to using an
infused oil as opposed to a plain carrier oil
is that the infused oil will contain
therapeutic properties of both the carrier
oil and the herbs that were infused into
the oil.
Some plants do not have much essential
oil contained in them, and in those cases, it is rare or
impossible to find an essential oil for that plant species.
Infusing the herb into a carrier oil, however, can be a suitable
way to still use the herb for aromatherapy purposes.
Infused oils generally have an oily feeling that varies
depending on the base oil used. They also are not as
concentrated as essential oils. Additionally, infused oils, just
like carrier oils, can go rancid.
Aromatherapy products on a bed of
calendula petals. Calendula can be used
in infusions.
Please note that it is important that you heed the safety
information and contraindications of the herbs you choose to
use in your infused oil.
The easiest way to make an infused oil is by the use of a crock
pot with a very low heat setting. Since the infused oil must be
gently heated, it is essential that your crock pot does not
overheat the oil. Do not use a crock pot that only has one heat
setting as that crock pot most likely will overheat the oils. Add
2 ounces of your chosen carrier oil and 1/2 - 2/3 ounce of dried
herbs (if you use fresh herbs, double the amount of herbs
used) to your spotlessly-clean crock pot and stir well. Turn
your crock pot to the lowest heat setting. Allow to heat on the
lowest setting for two hours, stirring every 10-15 minutes
(setting a timer to remind you to stir is important). After two
hours, carefully strain the oil by using unbleached muslin
(usually available at fabric stores). You should strain the oil at
least twice. If any herbs remain in the infused oil, the oil can
go rancid.
Angelica Root
Botanical Name: Angelica archangelica
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Pale yellow (cream)
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Fresh, peppery, woody, herbaceous.
Possible Uses: Dull skin, exhaustion, gout, psoriasis, toxin build-up, water retention.
Constituents: a-pinned, camphene, B-pinene, sabinene, d-3-carene, a-phellandrene, myrcene, limonene, B-phellandrene, cis-ocimene, trans-ocimene, p-cymene, terpinolene, copaene, bornyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, cryptone, B-bisabolene, humulene monoxide, tridecanolide, pentadecanolide.
Safety Information: Phototoxic. Avoid during pregnancy and diabetes. Do not use if the area of application will be exposed to sunlight for 24 hours due to its phototoxicity.
Anise
Botanical Name: Pimpinella anisum
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Distinctive scent of licorice. Rich and sweet.
Possible Uses: Bronchitis, colds, coughs, flatulence, flu, muscle aches, rheumatism.
Constituents: a-pinene, camphene, B-pinene, linalool, cis-anethole, trans-anethole, safrole, anisaldehyde, acetoanisole.
Safety Information: Caution for those with hypersensitive skin or with skin problems. Avoid in endometriosis and oestrogen-dependent cancers. Is narcotic and slows circulation in large doses.
Balsam, Peru
Botanical Name: Myroxylon pereirae
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Dark Brown
Consistency: Very Thick
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Sweet, fresh, earthy, balsamic.
Possible Uses: Bronchitis, chapped skin, colds, coughing, eczema, flu, poor circulation, rashes, sensitive skin, stress.
Constituents: Benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, benzyl cinnamate, cinnamyl cinnamate.
Safety Information: Possible sensitization.
Basil
Botanical Name: Ocimum basilicum
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Sweet, herbaceous, licorice-like, slightly campherous.
Possible Uses: Bronchitis, colds, coughs, exhaustion, flatulence, flu, gout, insect bites, insect repellent, muscle aches, rheumatism, sinusitis.
Constituents: Linalol, Fenchol, Eugenol, Methyl chavicol, Beta-caryophyllene
Safety Information: Use sparingly with caution. High doses may be carcinogenic due to its methyl chavicol content. Avoid in cases of liver problems. Avoid during pregnancy.
Bay
Botanical Name: Pimenta racemosa
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Deep Golden Yellow
Consistency: Thin - Medium
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Medicinal, fruity, spicy, herbaceous aroma.
Possible Uses: Dandruff, hair care, neuralgia, oily skin, poor circulation, sprains, strains.
Constituents: Eugenol, myrcene, chavicol, methyl eugenol, linalool, limonene.
Safety Information: Avoid in alcoholism, in haemophilia, in prostatic cancer, with kidney and liver problems and if taking anticoagulants. Moderately toxic and a mucous membrane irritant.
Bay Laurel
Botanical Name: Laurus nobilis
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Herbacous, fruity, fresh, camphorous.
Possible Uses: Amenorrhea, colds, flu, loss of appetite, tonsillitis.
Constituents: a-pinene, B-pinene, myrcene, limonene, linalool, methyl chavicol, neral, a-terpineol, geranyl acetate, eugenol, cavicol.
Safety Information: Lawless says that it can be narcotic, can cause dermatitis and also should not be used in pregnancy.
Beeswax
Botanical Name (of the honeybee): Apis mellifera
Common Method of Extraction: Solvent Extracted
Color: Deep Golden Brown
Consistency: Medium
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Mild - Medium
Aromatic Description: Rich, sweet, floral, honey aroma.
Possible Uses: Perfumery
Safety Information: Safety information is not readily available. As it is used for perfumery and is not used as a therapeutic oil, use with caution and common sense. It may be wise to avoid in anyone who cannot consume honey or use beeswax.
Benzoin
Botanical Name: Styrax tonkinensis
Common Method of Extraction: Solvent Extracted
Color: Golden Brown
Consistency: Very Thick, Hard to Work With
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Light
Aromatic Description: Rich, warm, slightly woody, creamy, vanilla.
Possible Uses: Arthritis, bronchitis, chapped skin, coughing, laryngitis, stress.
Constituents for Benzoin from Siam: Coniferyl benzoate, benzoic acid, vanillin, siaresinolic acid, cinnamyl benzoate.
Safety Information: Possible skin sensitivity and contact dermatitis.
Bergamot
Botanical Name: Citrus bergamia
Common Method of Extraction: Cold Pressed (best) or Steam Distilled
Color: Gold with a Green Tinge
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, orange/lemon/citrusy, slightly floral.
Possible Uses: Acne, abscesses, anxiety, boils, cold sores, cystitis, depression, halitosis, itching, loss of appetite, oily skin, psoriasis, stress.
Constituents: a-pinene, B-pinene, myrcene, limonene, a-bergaptene, B-bisabolene, linalool, linalyl acetate, nerol, neryl acetate, geraniol, geraniol acetate, a-terpineol.
Safety Information: Phototoxic. Do not use if the area of application will be exposed to sunlight for 24 hours due to its phototoxicity.
Bergamot Mint
Botanical Name: Mentha Citrata
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Fresh, minty, citrusy, softer than peppermint, about the strength of spearmint.
Possible Uses: Possibly similar in therapeutic use to peppermint or spearmint.
Safety Information: No specific indication of any precautions for this oil and indicates that it is only mildly irritant to the skin.
Rosewood
Rosewood is sometimes referred to as Bois-de-rose oil.
Botanical Name: Aniba roseodora
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Yellow Tinge
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Sweet, woody, fruity, floral aroma.
Possible Uses: Acne, colds, dry skin, dull skin, fever, flu, frigidity, headache, oily skin, scars, sensitive skin, stress, stretch marks.
Constituents: a-pinene, camphene, geraniol, neral, geranial, myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, benzaldehyde, linalool oxides, a-terpineol.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Boronia
Botanical Name: Boronia megastigma
Common Method of Extraction: Solvent Extraction
Color: Golden Brown
Consistency: Thick
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Rich, complex floral.
Possible Uses: Used primarily in perfumery and aromatics.
Constituents: Ionon, eugenol, triacontane.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Cajeput
Botanical Name: Melaleuca leucadendron
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Yellow Tinge
Consistency: Watery
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, campherous aroma with a fruity note.
Possible Uses: Asthma, bronchitis, coughs, muscle aches, oily skin, rheumatism, sinusitis, sore throat, spots.
Constituents: a-pinene, B-pinene, myrcene, a-terpinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, y-terpinene, p-cymene, terpinolene, linaolool, terpinen-4-ol, a-terpineol.
Cardamum
Botanical Name: Elettaria cardamomum
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Spicy, woody, rich, sweet.
Possible Uses: Appetite (loss of), colic, fatigue, halitosis, stress.
Constituents: Terpinyl acetate, cineol, limonene, sabiene, linalool, linalyl acetate, pinene, zingiberene.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Carrot Seed
Botanical Name: Daucus carota
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Golden Yellow
Consistency: Thin - Medium
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium – Strong, Lingering Aroma
Aromatic Description: Earthy, woody, warm. It does not resemble the smell of carrots and is considered harsh or unpleasant by some.
Possible Uses: Eczema, gout, mature skin, toxin build-up, water retention.
Constituents: a-pinene, camphene, B-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, y-terpinene, limonene, B-bisabolene, geranyl acetate, Carotol.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Cedarwood, Atlas
Botanical Name: Cedrus atlantica
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Light Golden Yellow
Consistency: Medium and oily feeling
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Woody, sweet, sharper note than Virginian cedarwood, slight aroma reminiscent of artificial mothballs, balsamic.
Possible Uses: Acne, arthritis, bronchitis, coughing, cystitis, dandruff, dermatitis, stress.
Constituents: atlantone, caryophyllene, cedrol, cadinene.
Safety Information: Avoid during pregnancy.
Cedarwood, Virginian
Botanical Name: Juniperus virginiana
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Medium and oily feeling
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, woody, balsamic. It strongly resembles the aroma of cedar chests and closets.
Possible Uses: Acne, arthritis, bronchitis, coughs, cystitis, dandruff, dermatitis, insect repellant, stress.
Constituents: a-cedrene, B-cedrene, thujopsene, other sesquiterpene, cedrol, widdrol.
Safety Information: This oil may be safer to use than Atlas Cedarwood. It can cause irritation and sensitization. Avoid during pregnancy.
Chamomile, German
Botanical Name: Matricaria chamomilla
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Deep Blue
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Sweet, fruity, herbaceous.
Possible Uses: Abscesses, allergies, arthritis, boils, colic, cuts, cystitis, dermatitis, dysmenorrhea, earache, flatulence, hair, headache, inflamed skin, insect bites, insomnia, nausea, neuralgia, PMS, rheumatism, sores, sprains, strains, stress, wounds.
Constituents: Bisabolol, Farnesol, Azulene, Farnasene, Thujanol
Safety Information: May cause dermatitis in some.
Chamomile, Roman
Botanical Name: Anthemis nobilis
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Gray/Very Pale Blue
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Bright, crisp, sweet, fruity, herbaceous.
Possible Uses: Abscesses, allergies, arthritis, boils, colic, cuts, cystitis, dermatitis, dysmenorrhea, earache, flatulence, hair, headache, inflamed skin, insect bites, insomnia, nausea, neuralgia, PMS, rheumatism, sores, sprains, strains, stress, wounds.
Constituents: High Ester Content, Pinocarvone, Pinene, Bisabolol, Farnesol, Pinocarveol, Cineole, Azulene, Beta-caryophyllene, Camphene, Myrcene
Safety Information: May cause dermatitis in some.
Cinnamon
Botanical Name: Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Golden Yellow/Brown
Consistency: Slightly oily feeling
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Much richer in aroma than ground cinnamon. Peppery, earthy, spicy, bright yet slightly woodsy.
Possible Uses: Constipation, exhaustion, flatulence, lice, low blood pressure, rheumatism, scabies, stress.
Constituents: Eugenol, eugenol acetate, cinnamic aldehyde, benzyl benzoate.
Safety Information: Mucous membrane irritant and strong skin sensitizer. Avoid in alcoholism, in haemophilia, in prostatic cancer, with kidney and liver problems and if taking anticoagulants. Only the oil from the leaf should be used. The oil from the bark is too hazardous.
Citronella
Botanical Name: Cymbopogon nardus
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Citrusy (similar to lemongrass), slightly fruity, fresh, sweet.
Possible Uses: Excessive perspiration, fatigue, headache, insect repellant, oily skin.
Constituents: Geraniol, citronellal.
Safety Information: Possible sensitization. Avoid Citronella during pregnancy.
Clary Sage
Botanical Name: Salvia sclarea
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Light Golden Yellow
Consistency: Thin to Medium
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Bright, earthy, herbaceous, with a subtle fruity note.
Possible Uses: Amenorrhea, asthma, coughing, dysmenorrhea, exhaustion, gas, labor pains, sore throat, stress.
Constituents: Linalol, Sclareol, Myrcene, Phellandrene, Pinene
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Avoid while drinking alcohol and while driving due to a narcotic effect.
Clove Bud
Botanical Name: Eugenia caryophyllata
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Light Golden Yellow
Consistency: Medium, Slightly Oily
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Spicy, warming yet slightly bitter, woody, reminiscent of true clove buds, but richer.
Possible Uses: Arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, rheumatism, sprains, strains, toothache.
Constituents: Eugenol, eugenyl acetate, caryophyllene, isocaryophyllene.
Safety Information: Mucous membrane and dermal irritant. Avoid in alcoholism, in haemophilia, in prostatic cancer, with kidney and liver problems and if taking anticoagulants.
Coriander
Botanical Name: Coriandrum sativum
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Pale Yellow
Consistency: Medium
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Sweet, herbaceous, spicy, woody, slightly fruity.
Possible Uses: Aches, arthritis, colic, fatigue, grout, indigestion, nausea, rheumatism.
Constituents: Linalol, decylaldehyde, borneol, geraniol, carvone, anethole.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Cypress
Botanical Name: Cupressus sempervirens
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Pale Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, herbaceous, slightly woody evergreen aroma.
Possible Uses: Excessive perspiration, hemorrhoids, menorrhagia, oily skin, rheumatism, vericse veins.
Constituents: Cedrol, Sabinol, Terpenyl Acetate, Camphene, Limonene, Myrcene, Pinene, Sabinene
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Dill
Botanical Name: Anethum graveolens
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Watery
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Mild - Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, sweet, herbaceous, slightly earthy.
Possible Uses: Amenorrhea, flatulence, griping pains.
Constituents: Carvone, limonene, phellandrene, eugenol, pinen.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Elemi
Botanical Name: Canarium luzonicum
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Tinge of Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, citrusy, peppery, spicy.
Possible Uses: Bronchitis, catarrh, extreme coughing, mature skin, scars, stress, wounds.
Constituents: Phellandrene, dipentene, elemol, elemicin, terpineol, carvone, terpinolene.
Safety Information: Possible carcinogen, but research is incomplete.
Eucalyptus
Botanical Name: Eucalyptus globulus
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Fresh, medicinal, woody, earthy.
Possible Uses: Arthritis, bronchitis, catarhh, cold sores, colds, coughing, fever, flu, poor circulation, sinusitis.
Constituents: Cineole, Pinene, Globulol, Camphene, Limonene, Pinocarvone
Safety Information: Very toxic when taken orally (no essential oil should be taken internally without the guidance of a qualified aromatherapy practitioner).
Lemon Eucalyptus
Botanical Name: Eucalyptus citriodora
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Pale Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Sweet, lemony, fresh, with a woody hint.
Possible Uses: Arthritis, bronchitis, catarhh, cold sores, colds, coughing, fever, flu, poor circulation, sinusitis.
Constituents: Not formally documented in readily available publications.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Eucalyptus Radiata
Botanical Name: Eucalyptus radiata
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medim
Aromatic Description: Slightly camphorous, sweet, fruity.
Possible Uses: Arthritis, bronchitis, catarhh, cold sores, colds, coughing, fever, flu, poor circulation, sinusitis.
Constituents: 1,8-coneole.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Fennel
Botanical Name: Foeniculum vulgare
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Faint Yellow Tinge
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top/Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Sweet, somewhat spicy, licorice-like (Anise) aroma.
Possible Uses: Bruises, cellulites, flatulence, gums, halitosis, mouth, nausea, obesity, toxin build-up, water retention.
Constituents: Anethole, Myrcene, Cineole, Eugenol, Methyl Chavicol, Thymol, Limonene, Phellandrene, Alpha Terpene, Pinene, Fenchone, Geraniol
Safety Information: Dermal sensitizer, possibly carcinogenic. Avoid in instances of endometriosis, prostatic hyperplasia and oestrogen-dependent cancers. Narcotic in large quantities. Avoid in epilepsy and if pregnant.
Fir Needle
Botanical Name: Abies alba
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Tinge of Yellow
Consistency: Thin with an Oily Texture
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, woody, earthy, sweet.
Possible Uses: Arthritis, bronchitis, colds, coughs, flu, muscle aches, rheumatism, sinusitis.
Constituents: Santene, tricylene, a-pinene, myrcene, careen, limonene, phellandrene, terpinolene, borneol, terpinen-r-ol acetate, piperitone.
Safety Information: Possible skin irritation depending on true plant species.
Frankincense (Olibanum)
Frankincense is also known as Olibanum.
Botanical Name: Boswellia carterii
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Light Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Mild - Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, woody, balsamic, slightly spicy and fruity.
Possible Uses: Anxiety, asthma, bronchitis, extreme coughing, scars, stress, stretch marks.
Constituents: Limonene, Pinene, Borneol, Farnesol, Phellandrene, Myrcene
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Galbanum
Botanical Name: Ferula galbaniflua
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Fresh, arthy, balsamic, woody, spicy.
Possible Uses: Abscesses, acne, boils, bronchitis, cuts, lice, mature skin, muscle aches, poor circulation, rheumatism, scars, sores, stretch marks, wounds.
Constituents: Pinene, cadinol, cadinene, myrcene.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Geranium
Botanical Name: Pelargonium graveolens
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Floral, fresh, sweet, with a fruity note.
Possible Uses: Acne, cellulites, dull skin, lice, menopause, oily skin.
Constituents: Citronellol, Geraniol, Citronellyl Acetate, Geranyl Acetate, Linalyl Acetate, Beta-Caryophyllene
Safety Information: Use caution to avoid dermatitis in hypersensitive persons. Avoid during pregnancy.
Rose Geranium
Botanical Name: Pelargonium roseum
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Medium
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Floral, similar to Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) with a rosey hint.
Possible Uses: Acne, cellulites, dull skin, lice, menopause, oily skin.
Constituents: Not formally documented in readily available publications.
Safety Information: Not formally documented in readily available publications.
Ginger
Botanical Name: Zingiber officinale
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Light Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle/Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Warm, spicy, earthy, woody.
Possible Uses: Aching muscles, arthritis, nausea, poor circulation.
Constituents: a-pinene, camphene, B-pinene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, borneol, y-terpineol, nerol, neral, geraniol, geranial, geranyl acetate, B-bisabolene, zingiberene.
Safety Information: Slightly phototoxic. Phototoxic. Do not use if the area of application will be exposed to sunlight for 24 hours due to its phototoxicity.
Grapefruit
Botanical Name: Citrus paradisi
Common Method of Extraction: Cold Pressed/Expressed
Color: Pale Yellow - Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Citrusy, similar to lemon and reminiscent to the aroma of the grapefruit rind, but more concentrated.
Possible Uses: Cellulitis, dull skin, toxin build-up, water retention.
Constituents: Limonene, Geraniol, Citral, Citronellal, Neral
Safety Information: Phototoxic. Do not use if the area of application will be exposed to sunlight for 24 hours due to its phototoxicity.
Hyssop
Botanical Name: Hyssopus officinalis
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, earthy, fruity, woody, slightly sweet.
Possible Uses: Bruises, coughing, sore throat.
Constituents: Pinocamphone, Pinene, Borneol, Geraniol, Thujone, Camphene, Limonene, Phellandrene
Safety Information: Moderately toxic and neurotoxic (toxic to the nervous system). Avoid in epilepsy, fever, pregnancy and children. Avoid in hypertension.
Helichrysum (Immortelle)
Botanical Name: Helichrysum angustifolia
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Light Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Fresh, earthy, herbaceous.
Possible Uses: Abscesses, acne, boils, burns, cuts, dermatitis, eczema, irritated skin, wounds, wounds.
Constituents: Nerol, neryl acetate, geraniol, pinene, linalool, isovaleric aldehyde, sesquiterpenes, furfurol, eugenol.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Jasmine
Botanical Name: Jasminum officinalis
Common Method of Extraction: Solvent Extracted
Color: Deep Brown with a Golden Tinge
Consistency: Medium
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Warm, floral, exotic.
Possible Uses: Depression, dry skin, exhaustion, labor pains, sensitive skin.
Constituents: Benzyl zcetate, linalool, benzyl alcohol, indole, benzyl benzoate, cis-jasmone, geraniol, methyl anthranilate, p.cresol, farnesol, cis-3-hexenyl benzoate, eugenol, nerol, ceosol, benzoic acide, benzaldehyde, y-terpineol, nerolidol, isophytol, phytol.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil. Apparently, some may experience an allergic reaction to Jasmine essential oil.
Juniper Berry
Botanical Name: Juniperus communis
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Mild - Medium
Aromatic Description: Crisp, earthy, sweet, herbaceous, with almost a hidden fruity note.
Possible Uses: Cellulitis, gout, hemorrhoids, obesity, rheumatism, toxin build-up.
Constituents: Pinene, Sabinene, Borneol, Terpinenol, Camphene, Myrcene
Safety Information: Avoid during pregnancy and those with kidney problems.
Kanuka
Botanical Name: Leptospermum ericoides
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Pale Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Sweet, herbaceous, earthy, similar to the aroma of Manuka.
Possible Uses: (Uses listed are those for Common Tea Tree): Acne, athlete's foot, candida, chicken pox, cold sores, colds, corns, cuts, flu, insect bites, itching, migraine, oily skin, ringworm, sinusitis, sores, spots, urethritis, warts, whooping cough.
Constituents: Not formally documented in readily available publications.
Safety Information: Not formally documented in readily available publications.
Lavender
Botanical Name: Lavendula officinalis
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Tinge of Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top/Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, sweet, floral, herbaceous, slightly fruity.
Possible Uses: Acne, allergies, anxiety, asthma, athlete's foot, bruises, burns, chicken pox, colic, cuts, cystitis, depression, dermatitis, dysmenorrhea, earache, flatulence, headache, hypertension, insect bites, insect repellant, itching, labor pains, migrane, oily skin, rheumatism, scabies, scars, sores, sprains, strains, stress, stretch marks, vertigo, whooping cough.
Constituents: Linalyl Acetate, Linalol, Terpinenol, Cineole, Beta-Caryophyllene, Farnascene
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Lavendin
Botanical Name: Lavandula hybrida
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Tinge of Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top/Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, sweet, floral, more herbaceous than lavender.
Possible Uses: Abscesses, asthma, blisters, boils, burns, cuts, cystitis, dry skin, dull skin, eczema, fatigue, insect bites, irritated skin, lice, muscle aches, scabies, shock, sores, sprains, strains, vertigo, wounds.
Constituents: Linalol, Linalyl Acetate, Camphor, Borneol, Bornyl Acetate, Cineole
Safety Information: Neurotoxic (toxic to the nerves). Avoid in pregnancy, epilepsy and fever because of camphor content in Lavandin.
Lemon
Botanical Name: Citrus limon
Common Method of Extraction: Cold Pressed/Expressed
Color: Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Aroma is similar to fresh lemon rinds except richer and more concentrated.
Possible Uses: Athlete's foot, chiliblains, colds, corns, dull skin, flu, oily skin, spots, varicose veins, warts.
Constituents: Limonene, Citral, Geranial, Citronellyl Acetate, Pinene
Safety Information: Phototoxic. Do not use if the area of application will be exposed to sunlight for 24 hours due to its phototoxicity. May cause skin irritation or sensitivity in some.
Lemongrass
Botanical Name: Cymbopogon citratus
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Fresh, lemony, earthy.
Possible Uses: Acne, athlete's foot, excessive perspiration, flatulence, insect repellent, muscle aches, oily skin, scabies, stress.
Constituents: Citral, Geranyl Acetate, Linalyl Acetate, Geranial, Neral, Limonene, Myrcene, Beta-caryophyllene
Safety Information: Avoid in glaucoma and with children. Use caution in prostatic hyperplasia and with skin hypersensitivity or damaged skin.
Lime
Botanical Name: Citrus aurantifolia
Common Method of Extraction: Cold Pressed/Expressed
Color: Light Yellow Green
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, citrusy, sweet.
Possible Uses: Acne, asthma, chilblains, colds, dull skin, flu, varicose veins.
Constituents: a-pinene, B-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, limonene, y-terpinene, terpinolene, octanal, nonanal, tetradecanal, pentadecanal, trans-a-bergaptene, caryophyllene, B-bisabolene, geranial, neryl acetate, geranyl acetate, a-terpineo, linalool.
Safety Information: Phototoxic. Do not use if the area of application will be exposed to sunlight for 24 hours due to its phototoxicity.
Linden Blossom
Botanical Name: Tilia vulgaris
Common Method of Extraction: Solvent Extracted
Color: Deep Coffee Brown
Consistency: Medium
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Warm, floral, honey-like, with a slight citrus-like note.
Possible Uses: Headache, insomnia, migraine, stress.
Constituents: Farnesol.
Safety Information: No safety data seems to be available.
Mandarin
Botanical Name: Citrus reticulata
Common Method of Extraction: Cold Pressed/Expressed
Color: Orange
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Very sweet, citrusy, fruity.
Possible Uses: Acne, dull skin, insomnia, oily skin, scars, spots, stress, wrinkles.
Constituents: Limonene, methyl methylanthranilate, geraniol, citral, citronellal.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Tea Tree, New Zealand (Manuka)
Botanical Name: Leptospermum scoparium
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Medium and Slightly Oily
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Woody, earthy, balsamic. It is richer and warmer than common Tea Tree.
Possible Uses: (Uses listed are those for Common Tea Tree): Acne, athlete's foot, candida, chicken pox, cold sores, colds, corns, cuts, flu, insect bites, itching, migraine, oily skin, ringworm, sinusitis, sores, spots, urethritis, warts, whooping cough.
Safety Information: No safety data available.
Marjoram
Botanical Name: Origanum majorana
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Tinge of Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Herbaceous, sweet, woody, with a campherous, medicinal aroma.
Possible Uses: Aching muscles, amenorrhea, bronchitis, chiliblains, colic, coughing, excessive sex drive, flatulence, hypertension, muscle cramps, neuralgia, rheumatism, sprains, strains, stress, ticks.
Constituents: Alpha-Terpineol, Terpinen-4-ol, Sabinene, Linalol, Sabinol, Thujanol, Citral, Linalyl Acetate, Camphor, Carvacrol, Estragol, Eugenol, Myrcene, Phellandrene, Pinene, Alpha Terpenene, Beta-Caryophyllene
Safety Information: Avoid during pregnancy.
May Chang
Botanical Name: Litsea cubeba
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Medium
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Sharp, with a complex lemony aroma.
Possible Uses: Acne, indigestion.
Constituents: Citral, limonene, miycrene, methyl hepetone, linalool, linlyl acetate.
Safety Information: Avoid with glaucoma. May have a homeone-like action. Avoid in prostatic hyperplasia. Avoid with sensitive, diseased or dmanaged skin. Do not administer to children.
Myrrh
Botanical Name: Commiphora myrrha
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Golden Yellow/Brown
Consistency: Medium
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Warm, earthy, woody, balsamic.
Possible Uses: Amenorrhea, athlete's foot, bronchitis, chapped skin, dysmenorrhea, gums, halitosis, hemorrhoids, itching, mouth, ringworm, toothache.
Constituents: Heerabolene, limonene, dipentene, pinene, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde, cadinene.
Safety Information: Mildly toxic when taken internally (no essential oil should be taken internally without the guidance of a qualified aromatherapy practitioner). It may be toxic in high concentration and that it should be avoided during pregnancy.
Myrtle
Botanical Name: Myrtus communis
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Pale Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top - Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Sweet, slightly camphorous with a floral hint.
Possible Uses: Asthma, coughs, sore throat.
Constituents: Cineol, myrtenol, pinene, geraniol, linalool, camphene.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Lemon Myrtle
Botanical Name: Backhousia citriodora
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Pale Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Extremely lemony and crisp. More “lemony” than true Lemon (Citrus limonum) oil.
Possible Uses: Not formally documented in readily available publications.
Constituents: Not formally documented in readily available publications.
Safety Information: Not formally documented in readily available publications.
Neroli
Botanical Name: Citrus aurantium
Common Method of Extraction: Solvent Extracted
Color: Coffee Brown
Consistency: Medium
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Floral, citrusy, sweet, exotic.
Possible Uses: Depression, frigidity, insomnia, mature skin, scars, shock, stress, stretch marks.
Constituents: Linalyl Acetate, Limonene, Linalol, Nerolidol, Geraniol, Alpha-Terpineol, Geranyul Acetate, Neryl Acetate
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Niaouli
Botanical Name: Melaleuca quinquenervia
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Earthy, musty, harsh.
Possible Uses: Aches, acne, bronchitis, colds, coughs, cuts, dull skin, flu, oily skin, sore throat, whooping cough.
Constituents: Cineol, terpineol, pinene, limonene, citrene, terebenethene.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Nutmeg
Botanical Name: Myristica fragrans
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thing
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Rich, spicy, sweet, woody. Similar to the cooking spice, but richer and more fragrant.
Possible Uses: Arthritis, constipation, fatigue, muscle aches, nausea, neralgia, poor circulation, rheumatism, slow digestion.
Constituents: Terpinen-4-ol, Pinene, Sabinene, Cineole, Camphene, Limonene, Myristicin, Alpha Terpenene
Safety Information: If used in large amounts, can cause toxic symptoms such as nausea and tachycardia. Possible oral toxin (no essential oil should be taken internally without the guidance of a qualified aromatherapy practitioner), possible psychotripic (may affect behavior) and possible carcinogen.
Oakmoss
Botanical Name: Evernia prunastri
Common Method of Extraction: Solvent Extracted
Color: Light Brown
Consistency: Medium - Thin
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Rich, earthy, woody.
Possible Uses: Perfumery
Constituents: Evernic acid, d-usnic acid, atranorine, chloratronorine.
Safety Information: Use with extreme caution. Dermal sensitizer, toxic, and mucous membrane irritant. Avoid in epilepsy and pregnancy.
Bitter Orange
Botanical Name: Citrus aurantium
Common Method of Extraction: Cold Pressed/Expressed
Color: Orange
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: As the name implies, it has a bitter orange aroma reminiscent of a cross between the sweetness of sweet orange oil and the slight bitterness of grapefruit oil.
Possible Uses: Colds, constipation, dull skin, flatulence, flatulence, flu, gums, mouth, slow digestion, stress.
Constituents: Limonene, myrcene, camphene, pinene, ocimene, cymene.
Safety Information: Phototoxic. Do not use if the area of application will be exposed to sunlight for 24 hours due to its phototoxicity.
Orange, Sweet
Botanical Name: Citrus sinensis
Common Method of Extraction: Cold Pressed/Expressed
Color: Orange
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Citrusy, sweet, reminiscent of orange peels, but more concentrated.
Possible Uses: Colds, constipation, dull skin, flatulence, flatulence, flu, gums, mouth, slow digestion, stress.
Constituents: Limonene
Safety Information: Lawless reports that a few people have experienced dermatitis from the limonene content of Sweet Orange.
Oregano
Botanical Name: Oreganum vulgare
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Pale Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Medium
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Herbaceous, sharp.
Possible Uses: Coughs, digestion.
Constituents: Carvacrol, thymol, cymene, caryophyllene, pinene, bisabolene, linalool, borneol, geranyl acetate, linalyl acetate, terpinene.
Safety Information: Skin irritant, mucous membrane irritant, can cause skin irritation.
Palmarosa (Rose Geranium)
Palmarosa is sometimes referred to as Rose Geranium.
Botanical Name: Cymbopogon martini
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Pale Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Fresh, floral, sweet, somewhat similar to geranium oil.
Parsley
Botanical Name: Petroselinum sativum
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Light Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Herbacous, somewhat woody aroma.
Possible Uses: Amenorrhea, arthritis, cellulites, cystitis, frigidity, griping pains, indigestion, rheumatism, toxic build-up.
Constituents: Apiol, myristicin, tetramethoxyally-benzene, pinene.
Safety Information: Hepatotoxic (toxic to the liver). Abortifacient (can induce abortions). Research that Tisserand refers to indicates that it has a strong abortifacient action. It should be used with extreme caution and avoided with and around pregnant women.
Patchouli
Botanical Name: Pogostemon cablin
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Deep Golden Brown
Consistency: Medium – Thick
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Rich, earthy, woody aroma with a nearly hidden fruity note.
Possible Uses: Acne, athlete's foot, chapped skin, dermatitis, eczema, fatigue, frigidity, hair care, insect repellant, mature skin, oily skin, stress.
Constituents: Patchoulol, Esters, Beta-Caryophyllene
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Pepper, Black
Botanical Name: Piper nigrum
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Crisp, fresh, peppercorn aroma.
Possible Uses: Aching muscles, arthritis, chilblains, constipation, muscle cramps, poor circulation, sluggish digestion.
Constituents: Limonene, Pinene, Myrcene, Phellandrene, Beta-caryophyllene, Beta-bisabolene, Sabinene, Linalol, Pinocarveol, Alpha, Terpineol, Camphene, Alpha, Terpenene
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Peppermint
Botanical Name: Mentha piperita
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Yellow Tinge
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Minty, reminiscent of peppermint candies, but more concentrated. More fragrant than spearmint.
Possible Uses: Asthma, colic, exhaustion, fever, flatulence, headache, nausea, scabies, sinusitis, vertigo.
Constituents: Menthyl Acetate, Menthone, Cineole, Limonene, Phellandrene, Pinene, Beta-Caryophyllene
Safety Information: Avoid in cardiac fibrillation, epilepsy, fever. Mucous membrane irritant and neurotoxic (toxic to the nerves). Some of this information applies to oral use, but is provided for informational purposes (no essential oil should be taken internally without the guidance of a qualified aromatherapy practitioner). May cause sensitization.
Petitgrain
Botanical Name: Citrus aurantium
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Yellow Tinge
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, floral, citrusy, lighter in fragrance than neroli and slightly woody.
Possible Uses: Acne, fatigue, oily skin, stress.
Constituents: Linalyl Acetate, Linalol, Nerol, Alpha-Terpineol, Geranyl Acetate, Limonene, Myrcene
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Pine, Scotch
Botanical Name: Pinus sylvestris
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Medium and Slightly Oily
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Fresh, woody, earthy, balsamic
Possible Uses: Colds, coughing, flu, rheumatism, sinusitis.
Constituents: Pinene, Limonene, Borneol, Bornyl Acetate, Cineole, Camphene, Myrcene, Phellandrene
Safety Information: Sensitization can occur.
Ravensara
Botanical Name: Ravensara aromatica
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Tinge of Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Slightly medicinal, eucalyptus-like, slightly sweet with a fruity hint.
Possible Uses: Not formally documented in readily available publications.
Constituents: 1,8-cineole, beta-pinene.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Rose
Botanical Name: Rosa damascena
Common Method of Extraction: Solvent Extracted or Steam Distilled (called Rose Otto)
Color: Deep Red for the Absolute, Light Yellow for the Steam Distillate
Consistency: Thick for the Absolute, Thin for the Steam Distillate
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: strongly floral, sweet.
Possible Uses: Depression, eczema, frigidity, mature skin, menopause, stress.
Constituents of Rose Otto: Citronellol, Geraniol, Nerol, Farnesol, Esters, Rose Oxide, Limonene, Myrcene, Pinene
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Rosemary
Botanical Name: Rosmarinus officinalis
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Fresh, herbaceous, sweet, slightly medicinal.
Possible Uses: Aching muscles, arthritis, dandruff, dull skin, exhaustion, gout, hair care, muscle cramping, neuralgia, poor circulation, rheumatism.
Constituents: Cineole, Pinene, Borneol, Linalol, Alpha-Terpineol, Terpinen-4-ol, Bornyl Acetate, Camphor, Thujone, Camphene, Limonene, Beta-Caryophyllene
Safety Information: Neurotoxic (toxic to the nerves). Avoid in pregnancy. Avoid in epilepsy, fever (no essential oil should be taken internally without the guidance of a qualified aromatherapy practitioner). Avoid in cases of hypertension.
Sandalwood
Botanical Name: Santalum album
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Yellow Tinge
Consistency: Medium - Thick
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Rich, sweet, fragrant yet delicate, woody, floral.
Possible Uses: Bronchitis, chapped skin, depression, dry skin, laryngitis, leucorrhea, oily skin, scars, sensitive skin, stress, stretch marks.
Constituents: Santalols, santyl acetate, santalenes.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Spearmint
Botanical Name: Mentha spicata
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Minty, slightly fruity aroma that is less bright than peppermint.
Possible Uses: Asthma, exhaustion, fever, flatulence, headache, nausea, scabies, vertigo.
Constituents: a-pinene, B-pinene, carvone, 1,8-cineole, linalool, limonene, myrcene, caryophyllene, menthol.
Safety Information: Mucous membrane irritant.
Spikenard
Botanical Name: Nardostachys jatamansi
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Golden Yellow
Consistency: Medium
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Earthy, woody, harsh, musty.
Possible Uses: Rashes, wrinkles.
Constituents: Bornyl acetate, isobornyl valerianate, borneol, patchouli aclochol, terpinyl valerianate.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Spruce
Botanical Name: Picea mariana
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, woody, earthy, sweet, with a hint of a fruity note.
Possible Uses: Coughing, depression.
Constituents: Pinenes, limonene, bornyl acetate, tricyclene, phellandrene, myrcrene, thujone, dipentene, cadinene.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Tagetes
Botanical Name: Tagetes minuta
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Gold
Consistency: Thin - Medium
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, sweet, floral, slightly fruity.
Possible Uses: Corns, warts.
Constituents: Tagetones, ocimene, myrcene, linalool, limonene, pinenes, carvone, citral, camphene, valeric acid, salicylaldehyde.
Safety Information: Possibly toxic. Use only in moderation. Severely phototoxic. Do not use if the area of application will be exposed to sunlight for 24 hours due to its phototoxicity.
Tangerine
Botanical Name: Citrus reticulata
Common Method of Extraction: Cold Pressed/Expressed
Color: Orange
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Fresh, sweet, citrusy, similar to the brighter aroma of tangerine peels (as compared to orange peels), but more concentrated.
Constituents: a-pinene, myrcene, limonene, y-terpinene, citronellal, linalool, neral, neryl acetate, geranyl acetate, geraniol, thymol, carvone.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Tea Tree, Common
Botanical Name: Melaleuca alternifolia
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Yellow Tinge
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Medicinal, fresh, woody, earthy, herbaceous.
Possible Uses: Acne, athlete's foot, candida, chicken pox, cold sores, colds, corns, cuts, flu, insect bites, itching, migraine, oily skin, ringworm, sinusitis, sores, spots, urethritis, warts, whooping cough.
Constituents: Terpinen-4-ol, Alpha-Terpineol, Cineole, Pinene, Alpha Terpenene, Beta-Caryophyllene
Safety Information: May cause sensitization in some.
Lemon Tea Tree
Botanical Name: Leptospermum petersonii
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Tinge of Yellow
Consistency: Thin
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Lemony, citrusy, bitter.
Possible Uses: Not formally documented in readily available publications.
Constituents: Not formally documented in readily available publications.
Safety Information: Not formally documented in readily available publications.
Thyme
Botanical Name: Thymus vulgaris
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Reddish Brown
Consistency: Medium and Slightly Oily
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Fresh, medicinal, herbaceous.
Possible Uses: Arthritis, colds, cuts, dermatitis, flu, insect bites, laryngitis, lice, muscle aches, oily skin, poor circulation, scabies, sore throat. [Julia Lawless, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Essential Oils (Rockport, MA: Element Books, 1995), 57-67.]
Constituents: a-thujene, a-pinene, camphene, B-pinene, p-cymene, a-terpinene, linalool, borneol, B-caryophyllene, thymol, carvacrol.
Safety Information: Avoid in cases of hypertension. Moderate dermal irritant and strong mucous membrant irritant.
Tobacco
Botanical Name: Nicotania tabacum
Common Method of Extraction: Solvent Extracted
Color: Deep Brown
Consistency: Medium - Thick
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
Aromatic Description: Rich, warm, earthy, tobacco-like aroma.
Possible Uses: Perfumery
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Tuberose
Botanical Name: Polianthes tuberosa
Common Method of Extraction: Solvent Extraction
Color: Deep Orange
Consistency: Medium
Perfumery Note: Top
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Complex, exotic, sweet, floral.
Possible Uses: Used primarily in perfumery and aromatics.
Constituents: Methyl benzoate, methyl anthranilate, benzyl alcohol, butyric acid, eugenol, nerol, farnesol, geraniol.
Safety Information: Unknown toxicity.
Vanilla
Botanical Name: Vanilla planifolia
Common Method of Extraction: Solvent Extracted
Color: Deep Brown
Consistency: Thick
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Rich, warm, sweet vanilla aroma.
Possible Uses: Perfumery
Constituents: Vanillin, hydroxybenzaldehyde, acetic acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, eugenol, furfural.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Vetiver
Botanical Name: Vetiveria zizanoides
Common Method of Extraction: Solvent Extraction
Color: Golden Brown
Consistency: Thick
Perfumery Note: Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Strong
Aromatic Description: Woody, earthy, herbaceous, spicy almost smoky.
Possible Uses: Acne, arthritis, cuts, depression, exhaustion, insomnia, muscular aches, oily skin, rheumatism, sores, stress.
Constituents: Benzoic acid, vetiverol, furfurol, a-vetivone, B-vetivone, vetivene, vetivenyl vetivenate.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Violet Leaf
Botanical Name: Viola odorata
Common Method of Extraction: Solvent Extraction
Color: Dark Green
Consistency: Thick
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Middle - Base
Aromatic Description: Green, earthy, slightly floral in dilution.
Possible Uses: Bronchitis, headache, insomnia, rheumatism, sluggish circulation, sore throat, stress.
Constituents: Nonadienal, parmone, hexyl alcohol, bezyl alcohol.
Safety Information: No indication of any special precautions when using this oil.
Yarrow
Botanical Name: Achillea millefolium
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Dark Blue
Consistency: Medium
Perfumery Note: Middle
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Sharp, woody, herbaceous.
Possible Uses: Fever, hair care, hemorrhoids, hypertension, indigestion, insomnia, migraine, scars, stretch marks, varicose veins, wounds.
Constituents: Tricyclene, a-pinene, camphene, B-pinene, sabinene, borneol acetate, 1,8-cineole, y-terpinene, limonene, isoartemisia ketone, borneol, camphor, chamazulene.
Safety Information: Neurotoxic (toxic to the nerves). Avoid in pregnancy. Avoid orally in pregnancy, epilepsy, fever (no essential oil should be taken internally without the guidance of a qualified aromatherapy practitioner).
Ylang Ylang
Botanical Name: Cananga odorata
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled
Color: Clear with a Yellow Tinge
Consistency: Medium
Perfumery Note: Middle/Base
Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium - Strong
Aromatic Description: Fresh, floral, sweet, slightly fruity, fragrant yet delicate.
Possible Uses: Anxiety, depression, frigidity, hypertension, palpitations, stress.
Constituents: Linalol, Farnesol, Geraniol, Geranial, Benzyl Acetate, Geranyl Acetate, Eugenol, Methyl Chavicol, Pinene*Beta-Caryophyllene, Farnasene
Safety Information: Possible sensitization. Can cause headaches and nausea if used in excess. The owner of AromaWeb has experienced headaches from lengthy use of Ylang Ylang.
Important Note: The information provided is for educational purposes only. This data is not considered complete and is not guaranteed to be accurate.
General Safety Information: Do not take any oils internally without consultation from a qualified aromatherapy practitioner. Do not apply undiluted essential oils, absolutes, CO2s or other concentrated essences onto the skin. If you are pregnant, epileptic, have liver damage, have cancer, or have any other medical problem, use oils only under the proper guidance of a qualified aromatherapy practitioner. Use extreme caution when using oils with children and give children only the gentlest oils at extremely low doses. It is safest to consult a qualified aromatherapy practitioner before using oils with children. A skin patch test should be conducted prior to using an oil that you've never used before.