Aromaticity, the DaVinci Code and the Golden Section Title.
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Transcript of Aromaticity, the DaVinci Code and the Golden Section Title.
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Aromaticity, the DaVinci Codeand the Golden Section
Title
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A Regular Pentagon has Internal Angles of 108o
The sum of all supplementaryangles in any polygon equals 360o.
720
720
720
720
720
In a regular pentagon eachsupplementary angle equals 72o.
1080
Thus 180o - 72o = 108o
1800
Baeyer’s assumption about cyclopentane
Where Baeyer went wrong.
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A regular pentagon can beinscribed in a circle.
Connecting alternate verticesof a pentagon producesthe pentacle, a figureimbued with mysticism.
The Da Vinci Code
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A
B
C
Angles Subtending a Chord (Arc)
Two line segments that subtendthe same chord and meet on the circle have the same angle.
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A
D
C
The interior angles (108o) of the pentagon are trisected into angles = 36o
Similar Isosceles Triangles
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A
D
CACD is similar to ABC withbase angles of 2
and line AC = CD = BD = x
If AB = 1, then AD = 1- x
x/1-x = 1/x or x2 + x -1 = 0
x = 0.618 and 1/x = 1.618 for positive values.
The Golden Section
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Cyclopentadienyl anion
Aromaticity Meets the Da Vinci Code
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Am I Aromatic?
• planar -system
• cyclic array
• 10 double bonds; 20 electrons; 4n
• No!
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A Closer Look
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Am I Aromatic?
• planar -system
• cyclic array
• 11 double bonds; 22 electrons; 4n + 2 • Yes!
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The bee can enter any cell but it must enter at cell 1 and then to subsequent contiguous cells in ascending numerical order.Cell Route
s
1 1
2 1
3 2
4 3
5 5
6 8
7 13
8 21
Cell 4: 1-2-4; 1-3-4; 1,2,3,4 but not 1,3,2,4The route to a given cell is the sum of the routes to the two previous cells.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
The Bee Hive
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The route to a given cell is the sum of the routes to the two previous cells.
“0”, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233,377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946…
LeonardoPisano
Fibonacci(~1170-1250)
mouse over
Fibonacci Series
A series of numbers in which each numberis the sum of the two preceding numbers.
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Fibonacci Series
Fibonacci Series a/b b/a
1 1 11 0.5 22 0.667 1.53 0.6 1.6675 0.625 1.68 0.615 1.62513 0.619 1.61521 0.618 1.61934 0.618 1.61855 0.618 1.61889 0.618 1.618144 0.618 1.618233 0.618 1.618377 0.618 1.618610 0.618 1.618987 0.618 1.6181597 0.618 1.6182584 0.618 1.6184181
a/b = smaller/larger number
b/a = larger/smaller number
The Golden Section (Phi)is the limit of the ratio b/a.
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Fibonacci Spiral and the Golden Rectangle
The sunflower
Leonardo’s Mona Lisa
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