ARMY MEDICAL LIBRARY

A N N U A L R E P O R T

For the Calendar Year EndingDecember 1951

W A S H I N G T O N , D . C ,

\\

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

Army Medical Library

Major General George E. ArmstrongThe Surgeon General, U. S. Army

General:

1 have the honor to submit my report as Director

of the Army Medical Library for the calendar year 1951•

The statistics exhibited in this report cover, except

when otherwise stated, the fiscal year ending 30 June

1951-

FRANK B. ROGERSLt. Col., MCDirector

1 March 1952

CONTENTSPage

Officers of the Army Medical Library 5

Introduction ?

Chapter I - Acquisitions 1?

Chapter II - Cataloging 23

Chapter III - Reference Services 33

Chapter IV - History of Medicine 1*3

Chapter V - Current List of Medical Literature V?

Chapter VI - Index-Catalogue 51

Chapter VII - Administration, Finance, Peroonnel 55

APPENDICES

I - Books and Serials Added, by Source and ClassII -> Book Expenditures,, by Class and CountryIII - Acquisition ActivitiesIV - Cataloging StatisticsV - Binding StatisticsVI - Use and Circulation StatisticsVII - History of Medicine Division StatisticsVIII - Current Lint of Medical Literature StatisticsIX - Index-Catalogue StatisticsX - Personnel StatisticsXI - Financial StatisticsXII - Recent Publications of the Army Medical LibraryXIII - Organization Chart

OFFICERS OF TRB ARMY MEDICAL LIBRAE!

Director, Frank B. Rogers, Lt. Col., M. C.

Office of the Director

Chief LibrarianAdjutantAdministrative AssistantSecretary

Administrative Division

ChiefAssistant Chief andOffice Service Section, HeadMail and Records Unit, HeedSupply Unit, HeadServices Unit, Head

Fiscal Section, HeadPersonnel Section, Personnel Officer

Acquisition Division

Acting ChiefOrder Section, HeadGift and Exchange Section, HeadSelection and Searching Section, HeadSerials Section, Head

Catalog Division

Chief (Assistant Librarian)Processing Section, HeadCataloging Section, HeadBinding Section, HeadArt Section, Heed

Current List Division

Chief (Editor)Subject Heading Section, HeedComposition Section, HeadAssembly Unit, HeadTyping and Proofreading Unit

Kanardy L. TaylorHarold V. Tucker, Capt., MSClithe1 M. ChaseAlice 18. Luethy

Joseph Tucker

George B. HallToni ManciniJoseph McGroartyBnas BroadwayAldine D. MuddMartha S. Dietrich

Leslie K. FaIkJoseph B. RuneyMarion H. HoldowskyLeslie K. PalkI. Nathaniel Markfield

M. Ruth MacDonaldEleanor R. HastingWinifred A. JohnsonHelen TurnbullHelen H. Cambell

Seymour I. Taine(Vacant)Vilhelmina V. BishopWilhelmina W. BishopFannie V. Stalks

History of Medicine Division*

ChiefReferenoe Section. HeadCataloging Section, HeadBinding Studio, Head

Index-Catalogue Division

Chief (Editor)Assistant ChiefEditorial Section, HeadCatalog Section, HeadIndexing Section, HeadSubject Tile Seotion( Head

Referenoe Division

Chief (Assistant Librarian)Circulation and Book Custody

Section, HeadReferenoe Section, HeadDocument Section, ReadFhotoduplication Section, Head

William Jerome YilsonDorothy M. SchullianHarriet C. JamesonJean C. Zsohmann

Claudius T. MayerIsabella V. EntrikinClaudius J1. MayerEdward A. MillerHarold F. KoehlerHertha E. Bishop

Estelle Brodnan

Robert B. AustinMary E. QrinnellCharles A. RoosRaymond H. Eckenbach

BRANCH LIBRARIES

U. S. Army Surgeon General's Reference LibraryMain Navy BuildingWashington 25, D. C.

Charlotte Kenton, Librarian

U. S. Air Force Surgeon General's LibraryTemporary Building 8

3800 Newark Street, N. V.Washington 25, D. C.

Madelyn K. Purcell, Librarian

•Located in Cleveland, Ohio

INTRODUCTION

John Shaw Billings, in speaking of the history of medicine, said,"To attempt to isolate the history of medicine, and to comprehend itscurious ebbs and flows of doctrine from medical writing only, is likecutting a narrow strip from the center of a piece of tapestry andspeculating upon the origin and purpose of the cut threads of patternsthat may be found in it.* And so it seems sometimes in the review ofa single year's work of an institution. There is danger in "becomingso involved in the detailed work and activity of a circumscribed periodof time that we lose proper contact with the historical continuity thatconstitutes the whole. It is important to remember that while intendedprimarily to serve the medical offioers of the Armed Forces, the ArmyMedioal Horary is also the national medical library; while the Library'schief daily concern* are to acquire, organise, and make available theworld's publications in medicine and the allied sciences, its basicpurpose, and the reason behind all its efforts, is to be of maximumservice to those who "remain close, heart and hands, to the problem ofdisease.*

In this perspective is offered the detailed report which follows.

Future Status of the Library

As stated in last year's report, the National Research Councilbad established, at the request of the Secretary of Defense, a Committeeon the Army Medical Library, whose purpose was to consider the properlocation of the Army Medioal Library in the governmental structure.The members of the Committee were as follows:

Dr. George W. Corner, ChairmanDr. 8. A. AsdellDr. Stanhope Bayne-JonesDr. A. R. DochecDr. Alden H. EmeryDr. A> LeRoy JohnsonDr. Harry Miller LydenbergDr. Earl 7. MeyerDr. Richard H. ShryockDr. Merle A. TuveDr. Alexander Wetmore

The first meeting of the Committee was held on 25 January 1951*Tor a part of the session the Director of the Army Medical Library waspresent to answer questions raised "by the various members. The secondmeeting of the Committee was held on 26 March 1951* At this meetingvarious agencies using the Army Medical Library were asked to testifyas to the amount of use they made of the Library, how they used it,what kind of service they received, and so forth. Among those presentwere Mr. Scott Adams, National Institutes of Health; Colonel Robert J.Benford, U. S. Air Force; Mr. Joseph Becker, Central Intelligence Agency;Mr. Foster Mohrhardt, Veterans Administration; Colonel William S. Stone,U. S. Army; Captains C. C. Shaw and C. W. Shilling, U. S. Navy; andDr. Leonard A. Scheele, U. S. Public Health Service. The third meetingof the Committee was held on 11 May 1951* and the final report of theCommittee was delivered to the Secretary of Defense on 25 May 1951*The Committee's report was considered at the eleventh meeting of theArmed Forces Medical Policy Council, on 20 May 1951, and at many subse-quent meetings*

The Armed Forces Medical Policy Council agreed to the propositionthat "the Library shall be a Joint agency of the three military depart-ments, under the management contrbl of the Secretary of the Army, subjectto the policy direction and guidance of the Secretary of Defense." Acharter for the proposed new Library was drafted, and this charter under-went a series of revisions and amendments. As the year came to a closea firm version of the charter had been arrived at and approved by thethree armed services, and final approve! and signature by the Secretaryof Defense was imminent.

Honorary Consultants

The Eighth Annual Meeting of the Association of Honorary Consult-ants to the Army Medical Library was held in Washington on 26 October1951. The proceedings of the meeting are to be published in full in theApril 1952 issue of the Bulletin of_ the Medical Library Association.Dr. Michael B. DeBakey was elected a member of the Executive Committeeto succeed Dr. Reginald Pitt, whose term had expired. Dr. I. S. Ravdinpresented to the Consultants a picture of what was transpiring in theDepartment of Defense in regard to reorganization of the Library. TheAssociation adopted a resolution empowering its Executive Committee"to take such action as would be appropriate to aid in the future develop-ment and welfare of the Library, and as may be necessary to terminate thecorporate existence of the Association when and If the Army Medicallibrary ceases to exist as such."

Index Committee

The Committee of Consultants for the Study of the Indexes toMedical Literature Published by the Army Medical Library met twice duringthe year. The tenth meeting was held in Washington on 13 April 1951,

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and the eleventh meeting was held in Baltimore on 25 October 1951*Dr. Austin Smith, Editor of the Journal of the American MedicalAsaociation. was welcomed an a new member of the Committee, TheCommittee continued to debate the many knotty issues before it,and to scrutinize and make recommendatione on the work of theJohns Hopkins Research Project.

Beeeareh Project

The contract for the Research Project at the Welch MedicalLibrary of the Johns Hopkins University was renewed. The Project,under the direction of Dr. Sanford V. Larkey, continued its studiesof the indexing and abstracting coverage of medical periodical litera-ture, and during the latter half of the year, working with membersof the Army Medical Library staff, helped to develop a new SubjectHeading Authority List for the Current List of Medina! Literature.The Project's research into the possible use of machine methods inmedical bibliography was intensified; a paper by the Project staffentitled "Categorization as a Basis for Machine Coding" was issuedin the fall, and indicated that considerable progress had been made.Ae the year ended a shipment of some new IBM machines was expectedmomentarily, subsequent to which the Project staff expected to makea series of experimental pilot runs of material already indexed onpunched cards.

Qillmore Bequest

Although the Bequest was announced in 19 9, it was not untilthis year that the will of Mrs. Emma Wheat ftillmore was probated anda check for $23, 3 .75 deposited in the United States Treasury.

This fund, in accordance with the terms of the will, is to beused to purchase "whatever personal property the said Trustee, orsuccessor Trustee, shall, in his Judgment, determine to be useful orbeneficial to the Army Medical Library ... and thereupon to present,give, and donate said personal property to the Army Medical Library,aforesaid, in the name of my late husband, Robert Tracy Gillmore,and myself, Emma Wheat Gillmore."

Survey of Libraries in Field Installations of the Army Medical Service

In February 1951 Captain Harold W. Tucker, MSC, was recalled toactive duty from his position as Librarian of the Gary Public Library,Gary, Indiana. The Army Medical Library was fortunate in havingCaptain Tucker assigned as a member of its staff.

Captain Tucker served in the capacity of a special assistant tothe Director throughout the remainder of the year. At first he wasoccupied in several small administrative surveys of problem areas

within the Library, "but beginning in April hie major attention was givento a survey of the facilities of Army Medical Service libraries in thefield.

The Director requested Captain Tucker to inquire into the presentstatus of medical library services in the field, to \incover the factorsresponsible for any deficiencies that might exist, and to develop recom-mendations as to measures which would eliminate such deficiencies. Whilethe Army Medical Library exorcises no command responsibilities over fieldlibraries, it is obvious that local library facilities at hospitals andother installations are of direct concern to the Amy Medical Library inits attempts to develop its own services to the highest degree of effi-ciency. It was contemplated that Captain Tucker's report, with recommenda-tions, would be submitted to the Surgeon General for such action as hedeemed advisable,

Preliminary plans for conducting the survey were made, and a tentativelist of field establishments to^ba visited was prepared. These installa-tions were chosen with regard tb their command Jurisdiction (Class I orClass II)» geographic location, size, mission,, and date of establishment.The final itinerary included all Class II hospitals, several Class IIorganizations other than hospitals,, and a Judicious sampling of the muchmore numerous Class I Installation*. A few civilian medical librariesin the vicinity of Class 12 hospitals were Included as each trip wasplanned in detail.

Before beginning the visits, Army publications concerning librariesof any type were examined. Particular attention was given to currentmethods of procuring books and Journals, and to financial allowances tothe medical libraries of the Army Medical Service. On these subjectsthe personnel of the Supply Division, Office of the Surgeon General,were frequently consulted. Advice of the Assistant Librarians forCataloging and for Reference Services was sought and obtained. Confer-ences were held with the Director of the Veterans Administration LibraryService, and in this connection Captain Tucker me.de visits to the CentralLibrary Service of the Veterans Administration to observe Its operation.Arrangements were made for Joint field trips to Veterans Administrationand Army Medical Service installations with Mr. Henry (Jertland, AssistantDirector of the Veterans Administration Library Service. A survey check-list was compiled, revised, and approved. The Director gave instructionsthat the study was to assume the broadest possible character, with majoremphasis being given to resources, organization, management, use, methodsof supply, services offered, relationship with post and patients' libraries;and with the Army Medical Library.

A record of the installations visited during 1951 appears below.

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25 June - 6 July

7-8 August

12.13 September

10-20 September

Jj~5 October

15 Oct. - 2 Nov.

San Antonio, Texas (with MiSB Estelle Brodman)Brooke Army HospitalMedical Field Service SchoolSchool of Aviation Medicine (Air Force)Bexar County Medical Society

Denver, ColoradoTitisimons Army HospitalDenver City and County Medical SocietyUniversity of Colorado Medical School

Chicago, IllinoisMedical nutrition Laboratory

(with Lt. Col. Frank B. Rogers)IT. S. Army Hospital, Tort Lee, VirginiaU. 8. Army Hospital, Tort Bustis, Virginia

Valley Torge Army Hospital, Phoenixville, Pa..

Murphy Army Hospital, Waltham, MassachusettsU. 8. Army Hospital, Tort Devens, MassachusettsBoston Medical Library, Boston, Massachusetts

(with Mr. Henry Gartland)Columbia VA Hospital, Columbia, South CarolinaU. S. Army Hospital, Tort Jackson, South Carolina

Tacona, WashingtonMadigan Army Hospital

Seattle, WashingtonIT. 3. Army Hospital, Tort LawtonUniversity of Washington Medical Library

San Trancisco, CaliforniaLetterman Army Hospitallane Medical Library (Stanford University)University of California Medical LibraryU. 8. Army Hospital, Oamp Stoneman

Tort Ord, CaliforniaU. S. Array Hospital

HI Paso, TexasWilliam Beaumont Army Hospital

Hot Springs, ArkansasArmy and Navy Hospital

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As the year came to a close, only the following installations remainedto "be visited:

U. S. Army Hospital, Port McPhereon, Atlanta, GeorgiaU. S. Army Hospital, Fort Bennlng, Columbus, GeorgiaU. S. Army Hospital, Port Bragg, Fayetteville, N. C.Percy Jones Army Hospital, Battle Creek, MichiganTJ. S. Army Hospital, Port Ouster, Battle Creek, MichiganArmy Medical Research Laboratory^ Port Xnox, KentuckyWalter Reed Army Hospital, Washingtoni D. C.Army Medical Service Graduate School, Washington, D. C.

Captain Tucker will devote the remaining months of his tour of serviceto the development of a full and detailed report on his findings.

Organizational Changes

Effective on 1 January 1951 the Current List Section was removedfrom the Office of the Director and given divisional status, with theEditor, Mr. Seymour I. Taine, assuming the title of Chief of the Division.

The position of Assistant to the Director was abolished effective1 April 1951 and concurrently the new position of Chief Librarian wascreated. The incumbent of this new office acts as Executive Officer tothe Director, and coordinates the work of the various divisions of theLibrary. Mr. Xanardy L. Taylor was transferred from the old positionto the new.

At the same time the Chiefs of the Acquisition, Catalog, and Refer-ence Divisions were given the additional title of Assistant Librarianin their respective fields, as an Indication of the larger measure ofresponsibility for Independent action which is delegated to them* and inrecognition of the core character of their staff responsibilities.

One of the recommendations in the report of the Inspector-Generalsubmitted in June 1951 was that the Historical Division, which is pri-marily engaged In writing the medical history of World War II, be trans-ferred from the Library to another headquarters. Accordingly, effective1 December 1951 (Office Order No. 67, DA SGO 1951) the Historical Divi-sion wae redesignated the "Historical Unit, Army Medical Service, WalterReed Army Medical Center, Washington 12, D. C."

Scope and Coverage

Continuing work begun last year in the area of defining a policyof scope and coverage for the Library, two orders were published onthis subject. Library Order No. 3 of February 1951 Bet forth in con-siderable detail the Library's policy on scope and coverage, as derivedfrom recommendations of the Committee; Library Order No. 6 reconstituted

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the Committee and prescribed the particular new areas to which itsattention should "be devoted.

The Committee immediately took action by "beginning a survey ofthe collection section "by section, preceding the reclasBificationactivities of the Catalog Division* By the middle of the year allof the monographs in the main stacks had "been screened.

In addition, Dr. Use Bry, the Librarian of the New York Psycho-analytic Institute, was Invited to make a preliminary survey of thecollections in psychology, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis in an attemptto evaluate those holdings. The report of this survey was "being ex-amined at the end of the year.

Space

The need for space continues to be an ever-increasing problemand efforts continue to try to alleviate the prestmre, even if onlytemporarily.

It was necessary during the year to move some 20,000 volumesfrom the collection housed in the Fisheries Annex to Cleveland.This made space available in the Annex to receive the overflow fromthe main Btacks (a much needed relief) and from the first floor ofTampa Hall the monograph portion of the duplicate exchange.

Into the space thus made available on the first floor of Tampawas moved the Typing Unit of the Current List Division, allowingsorely needed room for expansion of that Division's growing activities.

The Receiving Unit of the Acquisition Division recently has beenmoved from the space it occupied in the Binding Section of the CatalogDivision to a room in the basement. This room was traded to theAcquisition Division by the Reference Division for another basementstorage room. In addition to freeing urgently needed space to theBinding Section, by this move the Acquisition Division acquiredadditional shelving space and room for storage of backlogged orientalshipments*

Toward the end of the year the Library was informed that therewas a strong possibility that the Library1H space in the FisheriesAnnex would have to be vacated entirely, as that space was beingconsidered for another agency. In exchange for this loss, space inone of the nearby so-called temporary buildings is to be provided*

Building Maintenance

Throughout the year the Library staff was hampered by the de-ficiencies of the buildings, and by the inactivity of the PublicBuildings Service in correcting those faults which were repeatedlycalled to their attention.

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It required many months and several soakines of valuable materials toobtain action in repairing a leaking roof*

During the year we were notified that because of reduction of fundsavailable to General Services Administration there would be a reduction inthe regular cleaning and Janitorial services. This work, which for so longhad been below standard, is now much further below the standards maintainedin other government buildings.

Hear the end of the year notice wan given that the guard service atthe main entrance was to be curtailed, and that this building would havesuch service only at night. Officers of both the Library and the ArmedForces Institute of Pathology have requested reconsideration of this action.

Library Manual of Operations

Every division and section of the Library worked diligently throughoutthe year to revise the old, outdated manual procedures or to write new onesfor those procedures in their respective divisions which were not yet covered.As a result, most of the Manual of Operations has been rewritten and greatlyaugmented. It is hoped to have this library-wide project completed earlyin the new year.

Personnel

Two changes among the division chiefs occurred during 1951• On21 March Mr. Joseph Tucker succeeded Mr. Sam W. Roberts as Chief of theAdministrative Division. Mr. Boberts was transferred to an administrativeposition in the Central Intelligence Agency in Washington. Mr. Tuckerformerly was the Library's Personnel Officer.

Mr. Joseph Groesbeck, Assistant Librarian for Acquisitions, resignedeffective 12 October to accept the position of Chief of the ProcessingDivision of the United Nations Library in Hew Tork City.

The enlisted detachment at the Library was gradually disbanded duringthe year, civilian positions being substituted where necessary. At theclose of the year the only military personnel at the Library were theDirector and his Adjutant.

In-5ervice Training

Because of an expressed interest on the part of the staff, and becauseof the desire of the administration to provide instruction on problems commonto the several divisions of the Library, a staff Committee on In-ServiceTraining was appointed in October. The Committee, charged with the responsi-bility of surveying needs and making recommendations, has submitted itsfirst report, which is currently being studied.

Staff Cooperation

We call especial attention to the faithful, daily labor ofthe entire Library staff, without whose constant devotion to dutynone of the projects enumerated in the following pages could havebeen accomplished.

CHAPTJH I

The year ended 31 December 1951 was characterised Toy implomenta-tion of polio7 decisions token in the previous year, rattier than "by anymajor revision of general acquisition policy. Thus, the deliberationsand recommendations of the Committee on Soqpe and Coverage, the plannedwithdrawal of non-medical books, the formation of a working collectionfor the Office of the Surgeon General of the Air Force, the disposal ofa large volume of non-medical U. 8, Government documents stored inCleveland, the exchange of a group of 16th century duplicates, a reviewof alternate methods of procuring foreign books, the development of anew serials checking card, the construction of a punched card serialtitle file, and many of the other accomplishments discussed in somedetail in the sections which follow reflect policy decisions taken in1950.

Scope. The report of the Committee on Scope and Coverage and theresultant library Order Ho, 3, 1951, provided a long needed statementof the Library's collecting interests. The Acquisition Division parti-cipated directly in the development of this statement, and followingits publication put it to the test of practicality. In general it hasbeen found to be clear and precise, but some contradictions and omissionshave been noted, and some decisions questioned. When further experiencewith the guide has exposed all of its shortcomings, it can be revisedto express quite satisfactorily the desired range and depth of thelibrary's collecting. It represents a firm step forward in the direc-tion of clearer definition of our objectives, and consequently is anadvance toward that control of our bibliographical resources thenecessity for which was explained in some detail in the Annual Reportfor 1950.

Withdrawals. The withdrawal of non-medical, doubtful, and dupli-cate books from the collections has been a task in which the AcquisitionDivision engaged together with the Referenqe, Catalog, and History ofMedicine Divisions, and with the Director. Decision to withdraw somebooks, such as 19th century chemistries, cookbooks, U. 8. Governmentdocuments of non-medioal agencies, general military histories, wasprompted by the deliberations of the Scope Committee. The action wasencouraged by the ever more acute problem of finding space for the tenthousand or more books and the hundred thousand serial issues which theLibrary adds annually. The opportunity was thrust upon all concernedby the program of reeataloging the unclassified monograph collectionsin the main stacks and the annex.

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By mutual agreement the following procedure was followed. Movingalways Just ahead of the recateloging team, the Chief, Reference Division,or her deputy examined all of the monographs in a given subject ("Chemistry,""Children," "Zoology," etc.) and marked those reeo'mmended for withdrawal"because they were "ou ; of scope" aa defined "by Library Order No. 3, becausethey were unnecessary duplicates,, or "because they were superseded works in afield in which the Library has no responsibility to preserve all editionsof a title or to provide a retrospective view of a subject. Next, thesenominations for withdrawal were reviewed toy the Chief( Acquisition Division,or his deputy. Differences of opinion were discussed by* the 'two DivisionChiefs. If they could not "be resolved, they were in some instances referredto the Director; in general, however, the motto was "If in doubt, keep."After review the volumes marked for withdrawal were delivered to the CatalogDivision where existing records were cleared and notice of the withdrawalwas sent to the Index-Catalogue and Reference Divisions for annotation ofofficial copies of the Index-Catalogue end for addition to the withdrawalfile maintained in the Reference Division. The books themselves were thenforwarded to the Acquisition Division for disposal. Most of them weretransferred to other libraries (chemistry to the Library of' Congress andto the John Orerar Library, agriculture to the Department bf AgricultureLibrary, general census material to the Library of Congress Census Project,military history to the Army Library, etc,). Some, particularly duplicatesof recent date, were added to the, duplicate exchange stock; a few worthlessvolumes were salvaged as waste paper*

In another withdrawal action the Acquisition Division negotiated theexchange of about two hundred duplicates from the collections of theHistory of Medicine Division. Many of these were defective copies whichhave been replaced by perfect copies. Others ware gifts to the Librarywhich duplicated volumes already in the collection. By the exchange theLibrary acquired nearly four hundred historical prints plus a sizablecredit to be used for the purchase of books, chiefly of the 16th centuryand not now in the Library.

Space. Physically the Division shifted about somewhat during theyear. The Serials Section expanded into the area cleared by removal ofpart of the Bio-Bibliography collection in, the so\;1jhweft quarter of Room208; the receiving desk was moved tp a repm in the basement convenient tothe Mail Room; the Duplicate Exchange area was a|a}n reduced to the pointwhere wholesale disposal bf many duplicates became an Immediate necessity.The staff put up cheerfully with t|he inconvenience pf these shifts, and thenet result was a considerable Improvement of our qrowded areas.

SELECTION ABD SEARCHING SflOTJOF

Foreign Blanket Orders. The return to something like normalcy in theworld's book trade during 1949-1950, following the ehfros of the war yearsand the years immediately following, prompted a review of our receiptsfrom those European countries in which we had been depending upon blanketorders. The review was accomplished by the Selection and Searching Section,

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with the help of the Order Section. It took the form of an exhaustivecheck of the national bibliographies of several countries against ourcatalogs and acquisition records* It disclosed that our agents, actingunder blanket instructions, had performed unequally and at best onlymoderately well. We came to the decision, therefore, to give up thedevice of the blanket order wherever the book trade was normally wellorganized, where there were no peculiar difficulties of communication,and where currently published material was adequately recorded in anational or other bibliography. It was decided that where those condi-tions were met we would make our own selection from the bibliographyand place orders for specific titles. To insure promptness we arrangedto receive checking copies of the major bibliographies by air mail,to search them on a regular schedule, and to order at regular intervalsby air mail.

Farmington Plan. This decision necessitated partial withdrawal fromthe Farmington Plan of the Association of Research Libraries, which is,essentially, a combined blanket order placed by all participating libraries.We did not, however, withdraw support from the Plan to which the Libraryhas subscribed since its inception. We volunteered to continue to usethe agents designated by the Plan, but to place specific orders with them,rather than to depend on their Judgment in selecting books for us.

OEDER SECTION

Problems. The decision to give up blanket orders wherever possible,as indicated above, had certain implications for the Order Section. Itimposed the necessity of prompt and regular ordering of foreign bookswhich under the blanket order scheme would have been received withoutprior effort of the Order Section beyond the selection and instructionof agents. Also, it implied a decrease in the amount of "carding"required when books were received under blanket order terms. In otherwords, it meant that in many areas the operation of preparing order cardswould be performed as an initial step in the procurement process ratherthan as a processing step taken after receipt of the books.

Hew Order Form. This change in work order bolstered an Order Sectionproposal which had long been under consideration; that is, the recommenda-tion that a 3"x5" multiple slip order form be used in the place of theorder card (which is the basic record of purchase) and the authorizingletter (which lists books ordered). Renewed study was being given tothe multiple slip form at the close of the year.

Domestic Blanket Orders. During the year the Order Section reviewedthe effectiveness of our arrangement with a New Tork dealer for automaticreceipt of the current U. S. medical books of fifty publishers. Thereview disclosed that during twelve months he had delivered to us a totalof 800 books to a value of $5,37 by means of semi-weekly special deliverymailings. The conclusion was that his performance had been excellent;coverage was good, delivery promptr billing accurate, discounts attractive.

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Moreover, the Library had effected a considerable saving of labor andincrease In efficiency by dealing with one agent rather than with fiftypublishers. Thus the 300 books were purchased by execution ctf 62 purchaseorders; If acquired directly from fifty publishers, 200 or more purchaseorders would have been written, and s comsrably greater number of lettefs.

SERUM SUCTIONChanges. The work of the Serials Section in discovering titles.

recording receipts, and claiming missing serial issues took oft a newimportance with the publication of theffiirrentlist of Medical Literaturein its new form'. More than ever before the Serials Section was on Itsmettle to acquire, record, and route its materials promptly and accurately*Toward that end several reassignment* of work and changes in procedurewere made. Establishment of temporary entry in the Serial Record was madethe primary duty of one person, and it was reiterated that prompt handlingof new titles was the goal. The rules of procedure for establishing entrywere simplified, and as a result the number of new entries set up in theSerial Eecord rose to about one hundred per month despite a long siege ofillness suffered by the assistant chiefly responsible.

Claiming. Prompt claiming of missing serial issues also took on addedimportance with the inauguration of the new editorial policy, of the CurrentList. One person was assigned to the task of claiming, and a rigorous schedulewas established to Insure both claiming and following up unanswered claims.As a subsequent development of this intensified program of claiming, hundredsof letters were written to publishers of Inactive Journals inquiring intotheir status; the replies„ or the absence of replyr settled many questionsof current publishing status, and permitted the removal of many dead titlesfrom the Serial Record*

The method of claiming which was introduced as a matter of necessitywee effective but extravagant. Accordingly, attention was given to thepossibility of using the movable tab Indicator d«vlce which is used in manyother libraries* The advantages of the device were readily aeenv but itcould not be employed with the cards ue"ed in the Serial Recordr Consequently,the whole form of the Serial Record and its cards came under review, and sometentatfcfiB decisions were made to adopt a wholly different cheeking card whichwould accommodate the Indicator device.

The •nros'B of current business, howevere made it seem quite unlilcelynew forme could be devised, a mass of Infornntlon transcribed, Tmfl. the newcards Installed without completely disrupting the current work of the Section,At this point the Division was fortunate in acquiring the services of CaptainHarold V, Tucker, who wftfl assigned the task of pushing the study through to aclose and directing the change-over from old cards to nev« By the end nfFiscal Tear 1951 Captain Tuckera worlrine with the Herd of t/o Sorirln Sontion:,had designed new checking cards to meet the particular needs of tlio Librrryand had drawn up a plan for converting from tho old records to the new.

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During the summer, thanks to tempersry assiRtance made available to theSection, the new checking cards were prepared and substituted for theold cards in the Serial Recprd. With delivery of the eliding tab indi-cators in the fall there remained only the task of inserting them in theKarclox to complete the major phase of the change-over.,

ILH Project. The other principal event of the year in the SerialsSection wes the IBM punched card serials control project upon which thestaff of the Section worked together with the Reference Division and withthe Johns Hopkins Research Project. This project involved the detailedanalysis of about 6,000 serials. When the major phase of the projectwan completed the Library had a file of 4,765 cards representing currentlyreceived Journals end about 1,500additional cards representing Orientaltitles, documents, and hospital reports.

In October5 with the co-operation of the Armed Forces Institute ofPathology and the Mechine Records Branch of the Medical Statistics Divi-sion, Office of the Surgeon General, theae cards were sorted and thetitles listed by country and acquisition source. Some of our subscriptionlists were imbmitted to dealers in the form of sections of thes« lists,This was admittedly an experimental application and was not entirelysatisfactory, chiefly because of an entry system not corresponding tothe Serial Record; and changes In sources not reflected In the coding.

GIFT AW 1XCHA1KR SECTION

The Gift and Exchange Section enjoyed a very busy and profitabley<wr, both in the volume of materials acquired for the Library and inthe volume of duplicates placed in other libraries. The statisticalPortion of this report records the substantial figures on incoming andoutgoingftx-chengematerials{ end pome of the major projects undertakenV the Sfl.-.tion are described under "Bibliographical Projects." To theseshould bs added these facts which illustrate the general activity andusofulnpsn of the Section: 4,000 serial issues wern sent to U. S- ArmyinRtallntions: 0,000 Issues van* to Veterans Administration hospitals;10.000 wont to non-governmental U. s. institutions; 3»°°0 to the UnitedStntes Book Exchange; 50,000 to libraries outside the United States;o email st.udy of receipts by exchange suggests that the monetary valueof material received is in the neighborhood of $20,000 annually, andthat,, more importantly, most of the materiel thiis received could not beobtained in any other way.

PERSONNEL

Mr. Joseph Groesbeck, Chief of the Acquisition Division, was aboenton a leave-without-pay status from 16 April to 13 July, and resignedas of 12 October, Mr. Richard Dler, Feed of the Order Section, resignedat the end of June. This position remained vacant until 1 October whenMr. Joseph B. Runey entered on duty. As e consequence of these departures

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Changes the Division lost over fourteen hundred nan hours at a highl of supervisory planning and professional activity. In addition,

other key positions remained vacant for long periods, furtherinpniring the efficiency and productivity of the Division as a whole.

OUTSTANDING ACQUISITIONS

Among the acquisitions of the year the following should "be noted:thc-i Acta Erudltorum. 1602-1731 (81 volumes); the annual gift of theAmerican Medical Association amounting to 15,700 Journals of which 1,616or 11,55? filled flaps in the collection; the purchase of 260 "books of the17th and 10th centuries from the Paris firm of Thlebaud;- the acquisitionty exchange of 377 portraits of medical figures chiefly of the 17th and10Mi centuries; and, also "by exchange, 672 "bound volumes of French thesesfrom seven universities*

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL PROJECTS

The following are the chief "bibliographical undertakings of the year:an MO-page French Journal want list was prepared "by.,the Gift and ExchangeSection and sent to 237 Trench libraries, with gratifying results inmaterial received; cards listing our needs in British, Czech, Italian,Spanish, and Portuguese Journals were prepared and filed with the UnitedStntea Book Exchange; lists of our duplicate "books, pamphlets, and serialtitles were prepared end sent to 500 libraries; a series of latin-Americanwont lists which, taken together, ran to about 100 pages was completed andcirculated in the fall; the second supplement of the Union List of Serialswfls checked; a list of Japanese Journals currently received was revisedand distributed upon request; a selective list of Latin-American medicalJournals was prepared and distributed in co-operptlon with the MedicalLibrary Association,

22

CHAPTER II

CATALOGING

GENERAL

As long as the Library searches the world over for items toadd to its collections it will probably nave cataloging problemsand backlogs.

Despite the strains and stresses of a difficult assignment,the Catalog Division increased the efficiency of its work perform-ance.

CATALOGING POLICIES AND PRACTICES

Catalog Division Manual: During the year 68 Division Manualprocedures were newly written or revised. All sections participatedso well in the project that the end of the year finds the CatalogDivision Manual in excellent shape.

History of Medicine Division Catalogingt This topic is onlyin-scope for the catalog Division report Insofar as it concerns thenecessary coordination of all cataloging done in the Library*Throughout the year the two cataloging groups worked togetherclosely and smoothly. Under a general work agreement the HMDCa$aJ,pginf Section forwards to the Library Cataloging Section allthe name authority cards it prepares. These are checked with andfiled in the Library's Name Authority Pile to insure uniformityin name forms. Any discrepancies are cleared through correspond-ence before the related catalog cards are duplicated. From UOto £0 name authority cards are received monthly from the HUDCataloging Section.

When titles cataloged in HMD are typed on multilith mats,the mats,are forwarded to the Processing Section, which takescare of the reproduction of the cards and of their return toCleveland.

There is a certain amount of cataloging of recent titles be-ing done in the Catalog Division for the History of MedicineDivision. The reason for this is that special cataloging rulesare applied to titles published prior to 1801 and this is thegroup of material being cataloged in HMD. Publications of laterdate are cataloged in Washington by the rules applied to publica-tions after 1800.

23

In January, Miss Jameson, Head of the HMD Cataloging Section,visited the Catalog Division. Miss Hasting, Head of the Process-ing Section, visited the History of Medicine Division in July,and Miss MacDonald, Chief of the Catalog Division, spent threedays in Cleveland in November. Such visits are very helpful inachieving necessary coordination.

Language Backlogst A language backlog is a local term -whichdesignates a group of books which cannot be cataloged because nomember of the Catalog Division staff knows the language, or knowsthe language well enough to cope with the amount of material received.

At the end of this report year, books in Czech, Dutch, andthe Oriental languages were currently going into language backlogs.In addition there was a considerable backlog of Russian titlesalthough no additions are now being placed in this backlog. Theentire language backloc amounts to 110 shelves. Estimating 55titles per shelf gives an estimated total of 5*500 titles in thelanguage backlogs.

In 1951 all the modern Greek publications were cataloged withthe help of a student from Catholic University. This same studentis now helping with the cataloging of the titles in Turkish.

Mr. Sommer, Consultant to the History of Medicine Division,spent the month of May in Washington, assisting both the CatalogDivision and the Acquisition Division with Oriental languagematerial, particularly Japanese, Chinese, and Persian. Nineteenshelves were cleared from the Catalog Division backlog duringhis visit.

Work Simplifications i In August a decision was made to discon-tinue the tabulation by class of volumes shelflisted (AML Form U?)-In place of the detailed count the total number of volumes shelf-listed is reported each month.

The files of the Binding Section were reorganized and all bind-ing records of serials transferred to the Kardex. Four old fileswere disposed of in this reorganization.

AH of the Division's work measurement report forms were re-vised and simplified before the end of fiscal '51. This simplifi-cation has curtailed somewhat the time invested in keeping andcompiling Division statistics.

In an attempt to simplify and streamline the catalog cardpreparatory work, Mr. Ralph Biasingame (Associate Dean, School ofLibrary Service, Columbia University) spent 11 - 22 June in theProcessing Section. The work procedures of the Section stood

the scrutiny well, and there was therefore little change made inthem following his visit.

Work Elaborations I It would be a gross error to omit fromthis report mention of the considerable additional1 work whichthe publication of the annual Army Medical library Catalog hasbrought to the Division. Throughout the year every time a cata-loger has cataloged a title she has had to stop to determine ifthe name(s) used have appeared in previous printed catalog! andthen has had to provide directions for cross references in oneof two ways, depending upon whether or not the name has previouslyappeared. There is also a considerable increase in the difficultyand coat of making additions and/or corrections to catalog cards.Besides the day by day labor there is the very large task assumedby the Division in the editing and typing of material for the sub-ject .section of the Army Medical Library Catalog.

CARD CATALOGS

Public Catalog; The Public Catalog outgrew its allotted floorspace ana cara capacity early in 1951* An additional 60-tray cab-inet has caused the Public Catalog to encroach on corridov spacebadly needed for passage way and for persons consulting the files.To provide space for future expansion of the new catalog, therewill be a further consolidation of records in the old files duringthe summer of 1?£2. This is expected to permit the old shelflistcards to be placed in the old catalog trays and to release two60-tray cabinets for the Public Catalog.

An attempt was made to further streamline the division of cardsin the NameCatalog and the Subject Catalog. It was hoped that allsubject cards, excepting those with personal name subjects, couldbe placed in the Subject Catalog. The problems encountered in thiseffort showed that the cards with corporate name subjects could notbe treated differently from the personal name subjects. Thereforethe Name Catalog continues to include all names used as subjectentries.

The cards appearing in the Public Catalog under the form head-ings for Autographs and Bookplates were transferred to the Historyof Medicine Division in September. Since that date all new cardswith these headings have been forwarded to HMD.

Subject Authority Filet A security film of the cards in theSubject Authority File was completed in April. Cards added to thefile after that date have been kept in a supplementary file untilthey could be filmed.

Working from the Subject Authority File all the "see also*references, iihich had been put on separate cards during the build-ing phase, were combined so that all references from a singlesubject appeared on one card. The combined "sea also" referenceswere typed In duplicate and as one copy of each was filed in theSubject Catalog the corresponding incomplete reference cards werewithdrawn. .

Reference Division Shelfliati Because of. the multitude ofshelving problems which the Reference Division must contend withIn the present building, a separate Reference Division shelfHatwas provided for In 19U6. The complications caused by this shelf-list grew until 1951.when Captain Harold Tucker, Adjutant, madea survey of its' cosVancf'its use. As a result of the survey theReference Division shelflist was discontinued in June.

Withdrawal Filei This file, housed in the Reference Divisionas a supplement to Its shelflist, was returned to the Catalog Divi-sion in June. It is now kept as a. supplement to the OfficialShelflist.

COOPERATIVE CATALOGING

The cooperative cataloging agreement, made with the Libraryof Congress in 1950 relative to the duplication and distributionof AML cards, continued throughout 1951• A total of 28,61 multi-lith mats were delivered to the Library of Congress during the year.Mate for non-medical titles totalled li,889, revised mats and recutsamounted to 632, and in addition there were 1*78 History of MedicineDivision mats. The remaining mats represented medical titles,together with their necessary added entries and name references.

In July 1951 that part of the 1950 agreement which providedfor the addition of Axnp Medical Library call numbers and subjecttracings to Library of Congress printed cards for current medicaltitles was discontinued. The change was made after a fair trialhad indicated that the procedure was too costly in tine and specialhandling for the supposed benefits received from it. It was a greatrelief to be rid of the 36-hour loans from the Library of Congressand of the need to prepare and dispatch to them special notices ofnew titles cataloged.

CLASSIFICATION

Two 1951 accomplishments of which the Catalog Division isproud concern classification.

The first i» the publication of the first edition of the ArmyMedical Library Classification and its acceptance by the Superin-tendent of Documents as a publication to be sold through his office.

26

The second accomplishment is the completion of the reclassi-fication project. This project, occasioned by the 19U9 revisionof the Army Medical Library Classification, preliminary edition19U8,ms carried as an added responsibility from October 19U9 toDecember 1951* It is estimated that it included the reclaasifi-cation of 7,500 titles by the Cataloging Section, the revision ofas many call numbers and the changing of these call numbers on17,500 cards by the Processing Section, and the relettering (bothinside and out)of 15,000 volumes by the Binding Section.

RECATALOGINQ

At the beginning of 1951 recataloging nag concentrated onstack collection books published between 19 0 and 19U6. This con-centration on 19bO-19l*6 titles was discontinued in February whenthe problem of residue subject groups (titles published 1920-1939)became acute. This need to change the planned procedure was notunexpected because the extra shelving problems faced by the stackservice were recognized when the special recataloging plans weremade in 1950*

At the end of the year the following alphabetically arrangedsubject groups in the Library's stacks have been recatalogedi

Completely recataloged: All subjects A to Qynecology; MilitaryMedicine; and Ophthalmology to Psychiatry.

Titles published 19i;0-l;6 completely recataloged t Qyneoologyto Mouth.

A few intermediate subject groups, passed over for one reasonor another, have not been recataloged although they fall withinthe alphabetical sequences mentioned abovet C-North Wall; CherryCase; Congresses;.Dissertations; and Documents.

SUBJECT HEADINGS

The systematic study of subject heading policies and forms,begun in 1950* was continued throughout 1951.

Early in the year the work of editing the subject index tothe 1950 Army Medical Library Author Catalog provided a specialopportunity to scrutinize a selected group of subject headingsand cross references. These same subjects and references werelater studied by medical librarians throughout the country bymeans of reprints of the 1950 index. A preliminary report onthis subject heading study by librarians outside the library waspresented at the Medical Library Association meeting in Denver inJune. It is hoped that a full report can be presented at theJune 1952 meeting at Lake Placid.

27

At the close of the year the Subject Authority File was ina much improved state. The editing of the subject listing forthe 1951 Anny Medical Library Catalog -mill provide another oppor-tunity to closely scruEDilze tnese headings. The overall exam-ination of the file which the Director plans for 1952, togetherwith the continuing study by the catalogers, will advance thesubject list materially toward its publication goal.

BINDING SECTION

In 1951 the Binding Section lived on an unsatisfactory feastor famine basis. During the first four and a half months of theyear, when practically no binding funds were available, 193 vol-umes ware sent'to*tia~"0bvernment Printing Office bindery. Duringthe last six weeks of fiscal '51 the Section was allotted $20,000and, by dint of hard labor and 189 hours of overtime, dispatched3,678 volumes for QPO binding. Binding funds for the first sixmonths of fiscal »52 have been more stable.

To overcome some of the difficulties encountered in a bindingprogram which required that all material be sent to the Govern-ment Printing Office, plans were made in fiscal 19U6 to do somepamphlet binding at the Library. Since then the program hassteadily increased because of tine involved in GPO binding andbecause of uncertain binding budgets. During the past springthe program was considerably enlarged to include out-flush typebindings. The binding of 3,b02 monographs was done in the Sectionin fiscal '51 in comparison with 3,816 monographs for the previousfour-year period (I9u7-1950).

At present any binding funds available are used for bindingserial titles. If the Binding Section were not able to bindmonographs, a serious_backlog of unbound material would have beenaccumulated during"ihe past two years. The unbound material wouldeither have been kept off the Library's shelves and thus out ofuse, or placed unbound on the shelves and be subject to loss ordamage.

ART SECTION

The Art Section, a part of the History of Medicine Division,la attached to the Catalog Division for administrative purposesbecause the History of Medicine Division is located in Cleveland.Due to this relationship, the Catalog Division finds itself in-volved in acquisition and reference functions relating to theLibrary's pictorial materials. The major work being done in theSection, however, concerns the Indexing and cataloging of the oldmaterials and new acquisitions. This brief review of Art Sectionactivities is presented under the headings which represent themajor phases of its service.

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Acquisitions Activitiest The largest additions to the collec-tion were the direct result of solicitation letters prepared in theoffice of the Chief of the Catalog Division. During the year let-ters were sent to request portraits of medical men (1,027 letters)and pictures of medical installations (992 letters). In response,$09 portraits and 5Ul hospital pictures were received and acknowl-edged. In addition, Ili6 non-picture items (booklets, reports, etc.)received from various hospitals were turned over to the AcquisitionDivision* The preparation of the letters and receiving and acknowl-edging the pictures took the equivalent of a full month's work time.

An effort was made to secure current posters from the militarymedical services, the Public Health Service, and the Red Cross. Inresponse to telephone requests and visits, 6k posters were obtained.

The Art Section compiled a want list of more than 100 portraitsneeded in the Library's collection. The list was forwarded to adealer by the Acquisition Division.

A collection of approximately 2,500 prints from a New York bookdealer was forwarded to the Section from the Acquisition Divisionto be checked against Library holdings. From these, 375 printswere selected for purchase by the Library.

Another splendid addition in 1951 **s the gift of Dr. MorrisFishbein'a collection of medical bookplates. The original grouplias presented in April, and some additional bookplates were receivedfrom Dr. Fishbein later in the year.

\Dr. Webb Haymaker of the Armed Forces Institute of pathology

turned over to the Section portraits and portrait negatives of 618persons who attended the Fourth International Neurological Confer-ence in Paris in 19b9*

; . •/ i

Cataloging and Indexingi The cataloging and indexing of theLibrary's basic collection of portraits and portrait negatives hasbeen completed and the work on portrait acquisitions is on a currentbasis.

The cataloging of tfhe collection of hospital pictures was com-menced early in 1951 and was well along toward completion at the endof the year. In the reorganized files the hospital pictures areseparated into groups representing; military and non-military insti-tutions and arranged geographically within each group. All viewsof an institution are numbered consecutively and listed on a singleentry for the institution.

Reference Work and Maintenance of the Collectioni More andmore reference requests for pictorial items are coming to the ArtSection. During the past year it has been called on by institutions

29

from New York to Texas to supply pictures to be used In honoringthe 100th anniversary of the birth of Dr. Walter Reed, the $0thanniversary of the Army Nurse Corps, and the 200th anniversary ofthe Pennsylvania Hospital. The State Department requested 25pictures for a Medical College Library in Afghanistan.

Late in December some of the most valuable materials in theArt Section were transferred to the History of Medicine Divisionin Cleveland. The transfer will provide better custodial carefor these items while easing a little the crowded conditionswhich exist in the Art Section storage space. Items transferredinclude large portraits, Civil War hospital pictures, medicalcaricatures, old photograph albums, Brady Civil War albums, andthe Fishbein bookplate collection. For this material there arecatalog records in tho Art Section so that its reference useful-ness is preserved.

The Union Catalog of Portraits demonstrated its value on sev-eral occasions during the year. The file consists of cards forportraits in journals indexed by the Index-Catalogue Division andthe Current List Division, as well as for portraits in five otherlibraries. The cards represent these library collections as theywere some years ago. (In the case of only one contributing libraryis the record current.) It is hoped that this file may eventuallybe brought up to date.

PE1SONNEL

Cataloging Section and Processing Section Job descriptionsand job classifications which should have been completed in 1951represent one of the year's failures. This situation has beenand continues to be a handicap in recruiting and holding staffand in getting the Division's work done. The major organizationalchances effected in 1950 and the additional work and responsibil-ities assumed in 1950 and 1951 have not yet been reflected ineither job descriptions or position classifications.

The Cataloging Section Job write-ups were submitted in Feb-ruary 1951 and again in July. There has been no action on theseto date. The Processing Section Job write-ups were submitted inMay and July. These new Job descriptions have been "in process1*for several months.

The staff has been well represented in outside activitiesincluding formal courses of study, participation on numerous 'com-mittees, and attendance at professional meetings*•

WORK QUARTERSThere were no major changes in the Division 's work space in

1951• A few minor changes and problem conditions are noted for therecord.

30

[ting: Another effort was made to Improve the lighting inRooms 200 and 209. .New lights were installed in Room 209. InRoom 208 a few desk lamps were obtained and drop lights were in-stalled on the several catalog cases. Most of the desks are stillwithout adequate light. The change to higher watt electric bulbsat the end of the year helped in'a few spots and in other spotsmerely increased the depth of the shadows on work surfaces. Alsothe variety of overhead fixtures in Room 208 made it impossibleto use the brighter bulbs in all the fixtures.

Floor Space t Room 208 remains about the same as a year agoexcept that two additional 60-tray card cabinets have been installed,

Room 209 -has become badly congested due to the installation ofadditional binding equipment, increase in supplies, enlargement ofthe binding record, and the increase in the staff of the Section.Additional space is needed but no one is able to suggest where suchspace may be obtained.

PUBIICATIONS

The Division produced four publications and two special itemsin 1951* This, in addition to the thousands of catalog cards dis-tributed and the Library Manual procedures completed, is a ratherremarkable record.

1. AMI Classification. 275 P»« The editing of the mimeo-graphed schedules was .complete, the preparation of the index inprocess, and the typing of the manuscript for photo-offset repro-duction was partially complete at the beginning of 1901. On 8February the manuscript was delivered to the Adjutant General'aOffice. Five hundred copies, for AML use and distribution, werereceived on 10 April. The AUL Classification was published bythe Superintendent of Documents and is sold through that officeat ljl.25 per copy.

2. AIJL Author Catalog 1950» T^k p.i This publication is arecord in book form or all the Division's 1950 cataloging of medi-cal titles. The work, originally done on cards, is mounted at theend of the year for photo-offset reproduction. An added featurein tne 1950 volume is the 103-page subject index. All the infor-mation contained in the volume was produced in the Catalog Division,including the editing of the subject index. The actual mounting ofthe cards and other details of publication were accomplished in the1C Cumulative Catalog Division. The Catalog is sold by the CardDivision of the library of Congress.

3. Organizing Small Medical Libraries in Military Installa-tions > (First draft, February 19510 HTpT This procedure waswritten by Miss MacDonald because a number of letters requesting

31

help had been received in late 19£0 and early 1951* Approxi-mately 7I> copies were multilithed from the mats typed by theDivision secretary. All copies had been distributed by

lationstTucker's visits to a

jrariesP«

of medical libraries la Militaryestablishments, the pvet dure was enlarged by the addition ofinformation supplied' him. The multilith mats were preparedby the Processing Section; copies ware duplicated by the Admin-istrative Division, th* covers prepared and the volumes stapledin the Binding Section. On 28 August a stock of 318 copieswas delivered to the Division Chief's office.

Special Item 1. Reprint of Subject Itadex. 183 p.« Anorder was platytd for 50 reprints o£ the.su eot index to thel°Sfc AHL Author Catalog*. Through!*fortunate misunderstanding50 exEra copies were supplied. The reprints were made availableto medical libraries who were willing to assist in a study ofthe subject headings used in the library.

Special Item 2. Book labeli This item, prepared in theoffice of the Chief of the Division, is mentioned here althoughit scarcely qualifies as a publication and is not used in theCatalog Division's work. It was prepared in response to a re-quest from the Director's office, prompted by a suggestion fromDr. Ulson. A stock of. the book label was printed about themiddle of the year. They are to be used in books in which theuse of regular AMI bookplates is unsuitable because of aixe orneed to preserve Information which appears on end papers.

32

CHAPTER III

REFERENCE SERVICES

GENERAL

A medical library is, in a sense, the solidified experience ofthe medical profession, and has for its main purpose the ability toshow that "something like this happened before in the same circum-stances." ) Since such a library loses much of its usefulness ifit "allows its habits of thought to become automatic,*(1) most medi-cal libraries have set up various methods of recalling past medicalexperience for its users. In the Army Medical Library, the methodsused have beent 1) the publication of comprehensive lists of itsmonographic holdings, by means of the Index-CatalJgue, the AuthorCatalog, and the Card Catalog, 2) the publication of indexes to theperiodical literature (the Index-Catalogue and the Current List ofMedical Literature), and 3) the preparation and occasional publica-tion of "demand"Bibliographies as the need for these became apparent,

It is a truism that the public services division of a libraryis charged with the responsibility of aiding users in locating theprevious records of their profession. This aid must be Judged inthe light of the present bibliographic situation.

NEW BIBLIOGRAPHIC UNIT

In most medical libraries the need for complete records andtotal recall of all that has been done and thought in the field israre. Occasionally there iri.ll arise a demand to knon if anyoneever has done anything about a particular problem} but more oftenthe skimming cross-section of the literature presented in the usualmedical indexes and abstracting tools is sufficient.

It is felt, however, that the Army Medical Library is in asomeiihat different position. While a certain percentage of therequests it receives can be handled in the same way as in othernadical libraries, a much larger number of them cannot, becauseoften the Army Medical Library is the source of last resort,turned to when local facilities have proved inadequate. For thisreason, the Reference Division has attempted to supplement thepublished indexes by setting up a unit to prepare bibliographies

(1)Ogilvie, Sir Heneage. Use of Experience.Brit. Med.J. 2i 663-6?. 21; Sept. 19U9

33

on subjects of current medical interest. These bibliographiesare planned to go farther into the literature than do any ofthe current indexes.

The first bibliography released from the new BibliographicUnit was on the "Pituitary-Adrenocortical Function] ACTH, Corti-sone and Related Compounds.n It contained about 2,000 referencesto the literature, arranged in alphabetically listed subjectgroups in 3 0 pages, and had an author index of 17 pages, Ittook more than six months' work and engaged the full-time assist-ance of one professional bibliographer and the part-time assist-ance of one professional librarian and several subprofessionaland clerical workers. It was reproduced from typewritten copyby photographic means in an edition of 2,500 copies, of whichabout 1,500 copies were distributed in multiple copy lots tosuch groups as the National Institutes of Health, the VeteransAdministration, and the Naval Medical Center. Consultants onthe project came from the National Institutes of Health; theNaval Medical Research Institute, and the Army. The entireedition was exhausted before the end of the year.

Other published bibliographies were those on "Nitrogenin Biological Research," and "Intravenous Injection of Fata andOils for Nutritive Purposes."

SERVICE TO ARMED FORCES

Air Forcei The U. S. Air Force Surgeon General's Libraryis under the technical supervision of the Reference Division,Army Medical Library. It has been conceived as a collection ofclinical and administrative works on medicine, with special em-phasis on aviation medicine, and its services are given on amore personal basis than is possible from the larger library.A collection of approximately 500 up-to-date texts and mono-graphs has been set up and added to as new editions or new worksappeared. Approximately 75 Journals are taken regularly.

Most of the first year of this library was taken up withacquiring a collection, cataloging and classifying it, procuringthe necessary equipment, and learning the needs of the clientele.Some delay in making it most useful was occasioned by the factthat the library moved twice within a year — first from onesec-tion of the Pentagon to another, and then from the Pentagon toa temporary building several miles away. In addition, the li-brarian was detached for about two months, for temporary duty tosurvey Air Force medical libraries in Japan, and substitutes hadto be provided from the regular staff of the Reference Division.

Army; The collections and services of the U.3.Army SurgeonGeneral's Reference Library were also surveyed and additional

3U

professional help sent to that library. This library also moved(from one section of the Main Navy Building to another) and someinterruption of service was caused by this. A new service in-augurated during the year —the sending of notices of new publi-cations In a subject on which an officer is doing research —was started on a small and informal basis, and has proved ofsuch value to its recipients that its extension was being contem-plated at the end of the year.

Medical Research and Development Board» In addition to theextensive bibliographies published or worked upon in 1951, theReference Division undertook to furnish contractors working onprojects for the Medical Research and Development Board of theSurgeon General's Office with preliminary lists of the literatureon the subjects under investigation. Although these have rightlybeen labeled "preliminary" surveys of the literature, they havebeen conceived of as much more extensive in scope than ordinarydemand bibliographies. Much experimentation was undertaken todetermine the most satisfactory approach to such compilations.During the year, 32 such lists were requested by twenty investi-gators. Thirteen lists requiring fairly extensive literaturesearches have so far been compiled on the following subjectsifat emulsions suitable for intravenous nutrition, molluscacldea,fat embolism, the effect of liver damage on aterold hormones,lower nephron nephrosis. the effect of lactose administered Intra-venously, the use of N^5 in biological research, the preservationof whole blood and of erythrocytes, the relation of injury toamino metabolism, relapsing fever, the pathology of paratyphoid,coproporphyrin excretion in rats, the llpotrophlc effect ofcholine administered parenteraIty, and the hepatotoxic effectsof orally administered lodoacetic acid.

Navyt Work began at the Library on 5 February on the Sup-plement to A Bibliographical Sourcebook of Compressed Air, Divingand Submarine Medicine, which is being prepared under a contractbetween the Office of Naval Research and the Medical College ofVirginia. Dr. Ebbe Curtis Hoff is the principal investigatorand he and Lieutenant Lee J. Greenbaum,(M5C) USNR, will be co-authors of the Supplement1. Captain Charles W. Shilling, (MC)USN, Deputy for Bio-Sciences of the Office of Naval Research,is the project contract administrator. It j.s estimated thatapproximately a year will be required to complete the bibliographyand discussion of the work in the field that has been accomplishedsince 191*6. Lieutenant Greenbaum is in charge of the project atthe Library.

Medical Officers* Lists of references prepared by the Ref-erence Section at the main library for the use of medical officersstationed throughout the world covered such subjects as: surgery

35

of thoraco-abdominal Injuries, the morphology of the malariaplasmodium In the human host, the effects of climate on human wel-fare and 'behaviors, occupational therapy, congenital lung cysts,complications and mortality in tonslllectomies, the use of fetalmembranes as skin grafting material, coral dermatitis, the pre-vention and treatment of deformity in median nerve paralysis,epidemic hemorrhagic fever, neurogenic sarcoma, insects ae pos-sible vectors of infectious hepatitis, the use of plastic sub-stances to repair fractures of the floor of the orbit, andconcentrations of antibiotics in tissues following intravenousor intramuscular administration.

Special Pro.leet; A special project which required severalweeks of work was undertaken for the Army Medical Service GraduateSchool. This dealt with literature on foreign body and contusioninjury to the posterior segment pf the eye. A card file was pre-pared in a detailed classified arrangement with numerous abstractsor annotations.

COOPERATION WITH 007HRNMBHTAL LIBRARIES

A survey of the national Institutes of Health Library wasmade on invitation, in December 1950 and January 1951, »oon aftera new Librarian was appointed to that library. It took half thetime of the Chief of the Division for about six weeks, and itsrecommendations were approved by the national Institutes of HealthLibrary Committee and the administrative board; a number of therecommendations have already been put into effect.

During 1951 the Reference Division helped to prepare aninterlibrary loan form suitable for use in all governmental agen-cies. A committee) set up to devise the Interlibrary loan formhad submitted, at the end of the year, its recommendations tothe directors of the various libraries involved, and it is ex-pected that action will be taken on it in the near future.

COOPERATION WITH OTHER LIBRARIES

Photoduplleatlont In addition to the usual Interllbraryloans, free microfilm loans, and the answering of reference ques-tions for out-of-town libraries, the Army Medical Library hasadded several new services. ?y arrangement with the Departmentof Agriculture Library, it now accepts orders originally sent tothe Department of Agriculture Library by members of the AmericanChemical Society whenever those orders represent works not inthat library but in this. In this way these users are not forcedto make two separate requests for material, and thus obtainspeedier service.

Russian Journalat Another form of cooperation was the.saleof mlcrorilm copies of Russian medical periodicals to other libra-ries at cost. This represented cooperation in both directions.Although the Library has generally been able to obtain more issuesof most of these periodicals than most other libraries, it doeslack many issues; other libraries possessing such items have beenextremely generous in loaning their copies to us for this project.In this nay complete or nearly complete runs of the journals havebeen assembled, and the Library has benefited to the extent offilling in some of its own gaps with microfilm. Ly the end ofthe year three periodicals had been filmed, and on* of them sentto subscribers.

Atomic Energy Commission! In an agreement between the Libraryand the Atomic Energy Commission, plans were drawn up near the endof the year for the photoduplication Section to make photoprints ofthose journal articles selected by the staff of the Current ListDivision (in the course of their regular scanning of many hundredsof journals) as being pertinent to the use of the ABC in the prep-aration of their monthly publication, Nuclear Science Abstracts«

LOCAL USE OF ARMY MEDICAL LIBRARY

Because of its position both as the national medical libraryand as the largest medical collection within the metropolitan areaof Washington, the Army Medical Library stand* Janus-wise, facingproblems on both a national and an intensely local scale. In someways, indeed, it is this very divergence of viewpoint which hascaused some of the problems present in the Library.

Since the Army Medical Library so far outdistances any of thecollections in the Washington medical schools or hospitals, theseinstitutions appear not to have felt any necessity to build uptheir own holdings to the extent which would be necessary were theLibrary not their next-door neighbor and were it not so generousin the amount of service rendered. Local medical schools and hos-pitals now use the Army Medical Library as if it were their centrallibrary, assigning students to read in the Library, borrowingmaterial needed in duplicate or not available locally, and leaningon the services of the Reference Section staff. This necessarilybrings up two questionsi 1) the right of the Library to favor localinstitutions as it does not favor non-local Institutions, and 2)the value of the help the Library extends to the local libraries.Would it not be better for the Library to insist upon the letterof the Interlibrary Loan Code, and thus force local institutionsto provide for an adequate library in their budgets? Should it,perhaps, take the drastic step— long since taken in the New YorkAcademy of Medicine, the New York Public Library, and other largeresearch libraries in metropolitan areas — of deciding that

37

students will not be admitted unless they present a letter fromtheir local librarian, stating which book they wish to use andvouching for the fact that the book is not in the local library'scollection?

The Library has so far equivocated on the answers to thesequestions. Since 1 January 1951, Library facilities have beenkept open five nights a week until nine o'clock, with Saturdayand Sunday hours of opening as well. In the other direction,beginning in December 1951f the Library has attempted to providefor more equitable use of its collection by restricting the inter-library loan of a group of about 135 much-used English languageJournals in its reference collection, although these materialsare still available, of course, through photoduplication,

SERIALS CODING

As part of an IBM punched card project undertaken jointly bythe Library and the Johns Hopkins University, the Reference Divi-sion contributed nearly the full time of one reference assistantto code medical Journals according to such items as language,country, frequency, subjects, etc. Ihis part of the project waswell on tho way to completion at the end of the year and thestatistical branch of the Surgeon General's Office graciouslyhad promised to sort and prepare lists from these cards earlyin 1952. The possibilities and costs of using such lists forboth reference and acquisition purposes are being studied.

SPACE

It is obvious that all schemes for adding to the collectionwill add to the burdens of shelving it; it is further true thatany increase in the number of books classified — extremely val-uable though that is — will require more staff to shift andrearrange the collection.

During the year additional shelving has been erected in themain stacks, in some of the basement rooms, and in portions of theeaat balcony. Shifts of the Oriental collection, the biographicalcollection, and portions of the thesis and the main collection,as well as the documents collection, have been made. In addition,approximately 20,000 volumes of monographs dated 1801-1850, aswell as certain other categories of material, were sent toCleveland for housing.

In addition to the space problem for books and Journals,there is the equally thorny problem of space for staff, providing

38

every reference assistant Kith a desk, for example, has beensolved In some cases only by using the same desk for severalpeople on a staggered schedule. The problem of providing atleast a few behind-the-scenes workspaces for professional assist-ants has so far been Insoluble* Space for much needed photo-duplication equipment was also lacking.

PHOTODUPLICATION

The number of orders received by the Photoduplication Sectionhas been growlnc steadily; but beginning with July 1951 this in-crease took a more decided upswing, averaging about 80£ more thanthe equivalent month of the preceding year. Such an increasenaturally caused some dislocations in a number of parts of theLibrary; Stack Service, for example, was hard put to supply allthe requests received from the Photoduplication Section, theReference Section was called upon to identify more photoduplica-tion orders, and within the photoduplication service a backlogof unedited work began to grow up. In order to continue to givespeedy service, a streamlining of the methods used by the Photo-duplication Section had to be undertaken. Under the leadershipof Mr. Eckenbach, the Photoduplication Section revamped its tech-nical procedures, both In clerical work and in photography, withthe result that most of the Increase in orders was absorbed.

PersonnelI Kr. Christopher L. Dunnigan, who had been Headof the Photoduplication Section from 20 November 19U9 to 15 April1951> resigned to take a higher grade position with the VeteransAdministration and was succeeded by Mr. Raymond H. Eckenbach,formerly of the Navy Department.

CESSATION OF Selected Acquisitions

For some years now the Reference Division has been mimeograph-ing and distributing a free list of some of the acquisitions re-ceived in the Library. This has had various names, the latest beingSelected Acquisitions. AlthourJi the mailing list for this publi-cation was extensive, it was felt that the cost of preparing itwas not warranted by its use. Consequently several questionnaireswere distributed to selected groups in an attempt to determinewhether to continue the publication. As a result of the answersto these questionnaires, the publication was suspended with Num-ber U of 1951.

ADMINISTRATIVE COUNCIL

About a year ago a small administrative council, consistingof the Chief of the Division and the Heads of the Circulation andBook Custody and the Reference Sections, was established. This

39

group met daily for discussion of problems of the entire Division,It proved so useful that it was continued for a second year, -withthe Head of the Document Section invited to join the group. Thegroup was valuable for two main reasons! it provided for jointconsideration of problems affecting the Division, with all thatthis implies for interaction of various viewpoints and for jointaction when needed, and it made more feasible the running of theDivision or any section of it when the Chief or Section Headswere away from the Library.

STAFF EDUCATION

The crux of any attempt by the Library to make the literaturemore readily available to the medical profession is the abilityor inability to find or train the right people for the task. Dur-ing 1951 the emphasis has been on bringing into the Division work-ers with the necessary backgrounds, as well as providing instruc-tion to those already there, through manual sheets, sectional anddivisional meetings, and attendance at pertinent films and lec-tures. In addition, several outstanding librarians visiting inWashington have been invited to discuss some of their work beforethe entire Division. An overall Library Committee on In-ServiceTraining has also been set up, with the Chief of the ReferenceDivision as chairman. This committee has met several times in1951 and its first interim report, on training for clerical work-ers, was submitted to the Chief Librarian in November and dis-cussed at a Staff Conference in December.

How much any of these methods has actually contributed to themore efficient working of the Reference Division is still open toquestion. Approximately five divisional meetings with an averageattendance of about forty individuals have been held. Subjectsdiscussed ranged from changes in personnel rules, and methods ofdoing business with the Credit Union, to new methods of chargingbooks used by other libraries, descriptions of other librariesand bibliographic centers, and the relationship of the AcquisitionDivision to the Reference Division. Two meetings of the ReferenceSection were held to discuss problems thought to be of interestto that section alone. A series of informal luncheons, includingmembers from all sections of the Division, has been an approximatelybi-weekly feature of the Division since September 1951*

LIBRARY-SPONSORED STAFF STUDY

Under authority from the Surgeon General's Office, the Librarygranted official leave and paid the tuition and part of the re-maining expenses for Miss Marjory C. Spencer of the ReferenceSection staff to attend the 19£l summer session at Columbia Uni-versity. Miss Spencer was enrolled in two courses} Medical

bibliographer and reference work, and Introduction to humanphysiology.

By a reorganization of work schedules and duties sinceSeptember 1951t it has been possible to release Mr. Austin fromall administrative duties one day a week so that he could spendthis time working on a Checklist of Medical Americana, which hasbeen under way for some time on a voluntary basis'* Mr. Austinreported on the work for this Checklist at the 1951 meeting ofthe Association of Honorary Consultants to the Army Medical Library.

Month

EXHIBITS PREPARED IN 1951

Subject Exhibitor

JanuaryFebruary

MarchApril

May

JuneJuly-AugustSeptemberOctober

November

December

Skull of Johann Sebastian Bach .... Mr. Karl A. Baer(Founding of Army Nurse Corps Mr. Richard Cutter(Bookplates Mr. Robert B. AustinPuerperal fever Dr. Anne CaldweUEarly American books on

infant care Mr. Allan WagnerMedical diplomas (Miss Elizabeth Harrington

( Mr.Joseph Qroesbeck,( Acquisition Division

Military hospitals Catalog DivisionNeurophysiology 100 years ago..Miss Jacqueline ChambersWalter Reed Mr. Charles A. RooaDr. Samuel a* Howe ( Miss Isabelle Entrikin,

( Index-Catalogue DivisionEarly American medical

periodicals Mrs. Sharlene RafterMedicine andArt ( Mr. Joseph Tucker,

( Administrative Division

Ul

OHAFTXR 17

HISTORY 07 MEDICINE

QXHERAL

Tor the History of Medicine Division the calendar year 1951vat narked less "by changes of policy than by efforts to realizepolicies and decisions already adopted. Thane were outlined inconsiderable detail in last year's report and need not "be repeatedhere. The accomplishments to date, alone with a few refinementsof existing policy, are snaksurtseA' 1A this chapter.

MOVING

Transfer of Books. The plan to gain space in the Washingtonlibrary for its current operations has resulted, in the shipment ofapproximately 20,000 volumes to Cleveland. These are the monographspublished between 1801 and 1850, inclusive. In Washington thebooks had been arranged on the shelves in large subject groupssuch as Anatomy; Bacteriology; Chest; Dentistry; Bpilepsy; Fevers;Materia mediea; Medical Jurisprudence; Medicine, Clinical; Obste-trics; Physiology; Smallpox; Tuberculosis; Venereal Disease; andothers. These unsatisfactory and frequently overlapping groupshave been abandoned and the material is being arranged in theHistory of Medicine Division by author and title in a single alpha-bet. At the end of the year all the A's are together,all the B'sare in one group, etc., but the more refined alphabetizing undereaoh letter remains to be done.

Storage. In order to make room for the influx of the 1801-1850 books, two plans were undertaken in Cleveland. First, withthe advice of the Reference and Acquisition Divisions, it was de-cided to dispose of a collection of between 10,000 and 15,000 itemsof non-medical TT. S. Government documents, chiefly annual reports,bulletins, circulars, and similar publications of the War Depart-ment and the Departments of State, Agriculture, and Commerce. Mostof them were returned to their respective issuing agencies; somewere sent to the United States Book Exchange as a credit to theLibrary's account.

The second plan was to transfer to storage approximately15,000 volumes of little-used material. After considerable searchsuitable space was found in a nearby commernial storage building,and when the necessary shelving had been erected, the moving wasbegun. This was practically completed by the end of the year.

CATALOGING

Kroanslon. The r>len to organize the Cataloging Section on e scalecommensurate with the magnitude of its tasks has "been partially realized.The addition of another professional cataloger in September brought thestaff of the Section up to four.

Oriental Books. Since the publication of hie portion - on Arabic,Persian. Turkish, Singhalese, and Hebrew manuscripts - of the Schullian-Somraer catalog, our Consultant in Oriental languages, Mr. Francis E.Sommer, has spent several days each month on our collection of "books andmanuscripts in Chinese and Japanese. As a special assignment he went toWashington in May to catalog similar material there and to confer withthe staff of the Catalog Division as to the bent methods of recordingChinese and Japanese material on catalog cards. A considerable numberof multilith mats were prepared and catalog cards were duplicated fromthem. The first line gives the author's name; the second is a trans-literation of the title; the third line is a copy of the title in theoriginal characters; and the fourth is an English translation of thetitle, followed by imprint, pagination, and any needed notes or tracings.It is planned that the records of Chinese and Japanese books in theHistory of Medicine Division shall be put On cards in thn same manner.

Priority. The plan to catalog books before they are rebound ormicrofilmed has been in effect since July. This insures greater accuracyin the binder's title on the spine of the book, as well as in the identi-fying informstion that is photographed in full-sissed letters ahead ofthe microfilm copy of the book.

ACQUISITIONS

Borrowing. The arrangement to borrow lacunae of the 16th centuryfrom other American libraries for filming is in operation. The New YorkAcademy of Medicine continues to send such booics in shipments of 10 or15 books, which are ceteloged as fully as if they were owned, and ofwhich microfilm copies are retained as additions to the collection.It is estimated that the Academy's supply of about 300 such items canbe handled in this manner in two or three years.

Duplicates. During 1°51 the plan to dispose of a considerablenumber of 16th century duplicates was finally realized. Nearly 200 suchduplicates were sent to a TTew York book dealer, for which the Libraryreceived in exchange a valuable collection of medical portraits.

BINDING STUDIO

The operations of the Binding Studio have been rartiPlly reduced.The steff is still maintained at three, but since July it has been thenolicy to repair or rebind only the urgent cases.

MISCELLANEOUS

Production. It might be noted here that the protracted tinerequired during the summer for the replastering and redecoratingJob throughout the building necessitated a virtual shut-down forthe better part of a month, with resultant effeote on the Historyof Medicine Division1s production etatiftiot.

Visits. The visits of the Chief of the Catalog Division andthe Read of ite Processing Section from Washington were a definitecontribution toward improved coordination of the technical processes.Many details and problems concerning cataloging policies and prac-tices were more effectively discussed and resolved during thesemeetings than would have been possible by correspondence*

Job Classification. As part of the personnel program all Jobdescriptions in the Division were rewritten and each was carefullyreviewed by a representative of the Classification A Wage Adminis-tration Section, Civilian Personnel Branch, Office of the SurgeonGeneral, who spent one week at Cleveland making desk audits. Thereelassifioation of the Jobs was not yet completed at the end ofthe year.

CHiPEBR 7

LIST OF MBDIQAL LITERATURE

GBKBRAL

The year 1951 marked the Beginning of the second phase of the nevCurrent List which nume into lieIng with the July 195° issue. This•eoond phase Included a number of stopgap measures on the one hand,designed to correct the most obvious shortcomings turned up in the 1950volume and, on the other, the more solid planning for the 1952 volume.

VOLUMB 20, 1951

Changes. Beginning vith the January issue the following changeswere incorporated into the 1951 volume of the Current List.

1. The complete volume for 1951 was made an annual, instead ofsemi-annual, publication consisting of eleven regular monthly issuesfor January through November; the twelfth (December) issue is thecumulative index.

2. The subject heading approach was modified as followsI themain subject headings were derived from a predetermined authority liltas formerly; the subheadings, however, were freely derived from thematerial contained within the specific Journal article being indexed,in the authority list certain changes were made in the direction ofcompressing old main headings and subheadings into a single main head-ing expressing a particular concept, which then permitted further sub-division in the subheading.

3. Modifications were made in the list of Journals indexed andalso in the criteria of inclusion of items within the Journals beingindexed.

k. Various physical changes in format were effected in order toutilise better the full page sire of the Current List of MedicalLiterature.

Cumulative Index. Near the end of the year the gargantuan task ofediting and assembling the cumulative index for the entire year 1951begun. A double 2<f-hour shift was set up to handle the mounting ofindex entry slips; personnel maneuvers of many kinds were effected tohandle the tremendously increased workload; various staff members, in-cluding the Director, were utilised in the editing of slips prior toassembling. On 20 December the assembly of the index, consisting of1,052 pages of combined author and subject entries, together with

a list of Journals indexed, was completed. The mATmpnript was shippedpiecemeal to the Philadelphia printer. Tentative rtellvery date of thefinished books •*** set for the end of .Tanuary 1952.

PLANS FOR 1952

tfuaationnaire. With the 1951 volume actually launched, planning"began for the 1952 Current lint. In an effort to gage the efficacy ofthe new publication, a questionnaire was prepared in April and sent tothe member libraries of the Medina! Library Ansoclation in the UnitedStates and Canada. By the end of May more than 300 questionnaires hadbeen mailed and over 100 completed forms were returned to the Library*At the Denver meeting of the Medinal Library Association in July theDirector reported on the results of the questionnaire*, which wereutilized in developing the form and substance of the 195?. volumes.

Subject He»ding Authority Lift. The major efforts of the yearwere concentrated .on the formulation of a rew' Subject Heading Author-ity Lint for the Current LIst. to tpV-e the plpre of the makeehlftadaptations in use sinoe the dnrretit List's beginning. The/projecthad originally been conceived of as a ventnre that would" be accomplishedentirely within the Library, but various c-lrcnmstances made it necessaryto seek assistance elsewhere. Help was rpfiuestert from T)r. Swnford V.Larkey of the Johns Hopkins Indexing T?eflafl.roh Project; Dr. Larkeyresponded promptly, and soon the entire professional staff of theResearch Project was a*f»*»ff«id 1.nthlr effort. TO facilitate the compila-tion and eventual reproduction of the list, it was decided to make useof IBM punched cards already In use at the Peeearch Project for otherpurposes. As the subject heading work on the 1951 volume was drawingto a close, and as the changes being made in the 195?- subject headingapproach were of a fundamental nature, it was necessary to completethe development of the new subject bending arithority list by mid-Ontober when, after intensive indoctrination of the subject headers,the new list would be put into use. Under great pressure the deadlinewas met and the new list put into effect.

Changes in 1952 Volumes. Other changes for 195?!w«re plannedthroughout the year. With the main headings in the Subject HeadingAuthority List completely revised and reoriented, provision was madealso for two more'levels of breakdown under which references might beplaced: the subheading, and the tertiary level, called the "modifica-tion." The subheadings are standard words or phrases whereas themodification (like the 1951 subheading) is a phrase or word derivedfrom the article, with more rigidly applied rules of syntax thanheretofore employed. In addition, a more complete "see* as well as"see Hlso" cross reference service will be utilized in the 1952volumes. An explanation of subject heading policy and practice wasdrawn up for inclusion in the January 1952 issue.

In addition, the following physical changes were made in the1952 Current List.

1. The author and subject indexes will "be separated. To gainthe optimum utilization of page apace the author index, consistingof short entries, will appear in a 6-column format; whereas thesubject index, with its longer entries, will appear in three columns.

2. These indexes will "be cumulated serai-annually. The firstcumulation will be the June 1952 issue which will "be a consolidationof the five issues of January through May; the December 1952 indexwill likewise be a cumulation of the issues of July through November.

3* References to foreign language articles will be noted inthe subject index by an asterisk preceding the modification.

J*. The register section will have two minor alterations:(a) following the full title of the Journal, the city of publicationwill appear in lower case enclosed by parentheses; and (b) the leftmargins of the entries will be shifted farther to the left to utilisemore of the blank space under the entry numbers.

ORGANIZATION

The Current Liat began the year by having its status changedfrom a Section to a Division, with an established personnel ceilingof 23 positions. At the same time, the Editor became the Chief ofthe Division. Two Sections were organised in the Division: SubjectHeading, and Publications. In October the name of the latter Sectionwas changed to Composition Section to reflect more accurately thatSection's function. In November an administrative ceiling of 30positions was created for the Current List Division; in Decemberthe Division submitted a request for an official personnel ceilingof 37 positions required to perform its functions adequately. Atyear's end the request had been submitted to the Personnel Authori-sation Branch, Office of the Surgeon General, for approval.

CLASSIFICATION STJRTOY

In the spring a personnel classification survey was startedby the Classification & Wage Administration Section, Office of theSurgeon General. New Job descriptions were submitted in May;itwas not until mid-December that a report was received. Severalpersonnel actions still remained to be completed, although themajority of the positions had been reclassified by the end ofthe year.

SPACB

When the Current List Section was moved to Te.mpa Hall from the main"building In 1950, enough space was provided for 21 persons. With theIncrement of personnel and equipment that followed, the space soon provedinadequate. More space was subsequently added until the Division had atotal of about 1,300 square feet on two floors of Tampa Hall to housethe 30 persons on duty. This, of course, is far from adequate for effi-cient operation. The prospect of gaining sufficient space for theDivision's activities in the new year appeared to be quite good.

ATOMIO 1BNKRGY COMMISSION

In November an agreement was reached with representatives of theAtomic Energy Commission to have the Current List Division scan thearticles encountered in its routine indexing procedure for certain typesof materials in the fields of atomic energy and nuclear physios. Thisprogram is scheduled to begin in January 1952. It is planned to furnishthe Atomic Bnergy Commission with photostat copies of all articles foundto be of interest.

PORTBAITS

In April the Catalog and the Currnnt List Divisions worked out anagreement for the recording of portraits meeting the following criteria:

1. Individual portraits only.2. Only those individuals whose contributionsto medicine and

allied fields have been made in the 20th century.3. Sire to be about half to full page.

By the end of the year 1,420 portrait cards had been delivered tothe Art Section of the Catalog Division.

Ill* PROGRAMS

In an effort to raise the level of performance in subject headingan in-service training program consisting of the showing of medicalmotion pictures was started at the beginning of 1951. Twice weekly,from January through May and from November through December, the filmprogram continued, with subject headers of the Current List Divisionas well as other staff members of the Library in attendance.

50

CHAPTER VI

INDEX-CATALOGUE

GENERAL

The year 1951 *&s the first full year during which the Index-Catalogue Division operated at the reduced level of activity imposedby the 1950 decision to discontinue publication of the Index-Catalogueand phase out the work of the Division which -remains. The stair or theDivision was reduced to Hi by July 1950, and to 12 by January 1951}during the latter half of 1951 only 11 people were on duty. Reductionof the staff brought on the relocation of employees in the Division'sallotted space in Room 208. This made way for the shift of backlog,material from the east to the south wall of the balcony; most of theDivision's shelf space on the west side of the main floor was givenover to the Library's expanding Bio-Bibliography Collection.

Requests for sets of the Index-Catalogue continue to arrive fromall parts of the world. During the past year sets were deposited withthe following!

Army Library (Pentagon)Murphy Army Hospital, Waithan, idaas.U. 5. P. H. S. Hospital, Baltimore, Md.U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Oak Ridge, Tenn.Mississippi State Board of Health, Jackson, Miss.St. Cloud Hospital, St. Cloud, Minn.Microbiological Institute, Rocky Mountain Laboratory,

Hamilton, Mont.University College Library, Ibadan, NigeriaAustralian National University, Canberra, Australia

During the year the Chief of the Division spent a good deal oftime Investigating various processes for possible use in reproducingthe subject cards in the main manuscript file of the Index-Catalogue.The necessity for retyping these cards before any microfacsllllemethod could be employed in their reproduction seems to rule oututilization of these forms of publication.

The Chief of the Division prepared a preliminary draft of a publi-cation on "Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever," reviewing the available Japaneseand Russian literature on the subject and coordinating the material indetail for the first time. He reviewed the official Russian medicalhistory of World War II for the Military Surgeon, and contributed severalother reviews to the U.3.Quarterly BOOK asview, Science, and the U.S.ArmedForces Medical JournaTT" In May 1951 he addressed the annual meeting oT

the Association of the History of Medicine, in Baltimore, onthe subject "Metaphysical Trends in Modern Pathology." With thehelp of Miss Isabella Entrikin, he designed the Library's 1951Christmas card.

INDEXING SECTION

Indexing the accumulated journals is in the hands of threeteams, one of which is working exclusively with oriental languageJournals. The backlog during the fiscal year was reduced by11,321 pieces which were analyzed and forwarded to the ReferenceDivision; an additional U,2l;3 pieces were analysed during thelast half of the calendar year.

Subject heading of new cards has been almost entirely reducedto the selection of Mi-Mz subjects and those of military interest,owing to the small size of the Division staff and the area to becovered by the forthcoming Volume XI of Series U. This has led tothe backlogging of nearly 2£0,000 cards, for which cabinets, withdrawers built to fit the over-size cards, are urgently needed.

CATALOGING SECTION

Sixteen thousand four hundred and seventeen cards, repre-senting 6,372 titles, were prepared, as compared to 32,576 cards(ll,90o,titles) for the previous year. The drop was due to a num-ber of factors! one-third fewer personnel, elimination of the"easy-to-do" thesis backlog, special emphasis on reducing snags,etc.

FILES SECTION

Records show that 1,681; persons, excluding the staff of theLibrary, consulted the Subject File during the year, although allmaterial in them is now more than a year old. Cards from thefiles on the subjects of Malaria, Actlnomycosis, Trachoma, Tular-emla, and Undulent Fever were filmed for use by the HistoricalDivision, Surgeon General's Office. The file..of material onHypertension was consulted by Dr. Mosell of Columbia Universityin preparation of a nation-wide study of the environmental andsociological factors in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.In addition, many blocks of subject cards have been filmed for useby the Reference Division In replying to reader requests for listsof material, As for the Author-Biography file, an approximate countkept since February 1951 shows that it was used 670 times.

EDITORIAL SECTION

During the calendar year 1951* 18,699 cards were sent to theprinter. These included the entries from MICRO— to MILIEU. Thenext large entry to be prepared is MILITARY - and, having.particular

Importance for this Library, this will entail a good deal of work,both in the assembly of the material and in its proper organization.

Virtually all cards sent to the Government Printing Office havebeen returned, and galleys are on hand. The lack of adequate helphas made it necessary to improvise means of keeping the work of theSection moving. One of the indexers has been pressed into duty aaa part-time proofreader, but this falls short of being a satisfac-tory solution.

There still remain 39 drawers of Ui-Uz subject material to behandled. This can be measured only roughly, since many cards willbe discarded, combined, or diverted to other subjects. On the otherhand, some material from other locations in the file may be broughtin when the subjects are investigated. It is therefore only a roughestimate to say that there apparently remain about 75,OX cards tobe incorporated from the Subject File, plus 16,000 from the Author-Biography file, before the material for Volume XI is complete.

CHAPTER VU

ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE, PERSONNEL

The Administrative Division was shaken by the ground swell ofreorganisation, personnel turnover, and a redisposition of itsforces during the year Just ended. Its r6Ie as the service organ-isation of the Library was reassessed and.'changes were made where-over neoesaary to Invigorate the enactment of this role. The Divi-sion was strengthened by the designation of a new position, that ofAssistsnt Chief, under whom several of the Division functions wereconsolidated. A physical redispoaltion of the Central Files, plac-ing them in closer relationship to the mail activities, was effectedto allow for expansion and.to eliminate confusion and congestionon the second floor. Individual procedures throughout the Divisionwere re-examined for the purpose of simplification and the genera-tion of-ideas for Improving them. It has been a full year.

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF

BnlIrtlng Management i Frustration in this area grew thick andfast during the rirst part of 1951* Because of a stated lack offunds, Public Building Service adopted a very conservative policysad it became increasinjly difficult to obtain the barest necessi-ties in the way of repairs and alterations. After much harraasment,PBS Agreed to effect certain improvements provided the Library paidfor them. Following this arrangement, many long-pending requestswere disposed of. There remained, however, one or two areas whichproved troublesome. . The leakage from the clerestory windows aboveboth Library Hall and the Acquisition Division gradually grew worseuntil, toward the end of the year, it reached alarming proportions.Strenuous efforts were made* to get Public Building Service to correctthis situation, but to date success has not been spectacular.Another detail which has proved very refractory to correct is thecondition of the walls of the main stairway. No assurance has beengiven that improvement may be expected. In November the Construc-tion and Repair Division of PBS announced that a contract had beenlet for the repair and replacement of all windows in the mainLibrary building, but work was held up because of clearance ofthe contractor's papers.

One or two emergencies developed, however, which did bring ahurried response from the building superintendent's office. One ofthese was a leak in the downspout which leads from the roof to therain sewer and which is encased in the side wall of the building.

55

Leakage -ma causing water to collect la Room B*U and wee also re-sponsible for the deterioration of the HOOT boarda in Rpon 207*To correct this condition it was necessary to break through thevail in several places .

Spacet No additional space ma made available to tb» Libraryin Wunington during the year. Wherever possible, better utilisa-tion of present space was effected by shifting certain activities.In Tampa Hall, additional apace was made available for the CurrentList Division by the shifting of a large segment of duplicates tothe Annex. The Stack Service picked up more space by the installa-tion of additional stacks in the west balcoey. The Bio-biblio-,graphical Collection in Room 208 was rearranged to provide theAcquisition Division with a much needed addition to its quarters .Zh the Administrative Division, space in the basement was re-shuffled to allow for the moving of the Central files. Room B-3was turned over to Acquisition for a receiving area and the materialwhich had remained in Room B-10 for many years was transferred toit. B-10 was rehabilitated for stack use and theware shelved there. At the 7***'* and, 20,000 volumes of* monograg|»published between 1800 and 1850 ware moved to Cleveland, thus pro*viding 2,500 additional feet of shelf space in the Annex. In Cleve-land, 325 square .feet of additional space was leased and, afterinstallation of suitable stacks, a segment of the less frequentlyused material n the Cleveland collection was shifted thereto.

Budgett Much preliminary work on the 1953 Budget had to bescrapped when the form of the budget document was changed. The workhad been accomplished in anticipation of the usual April request*It was not until early October, however, that the request finally,ias received, at which time the fiscal Director for the SurgeonGeneral* s Office celled at the Library to outline the new require-ments. Changes were dictated by the adoption by the Army of theperformance type budget. The Library was requested to furnishfigures on actual experience for the Fiscal Tear 1951* then Justended, and to estimate its needs for 19$ and 1953, phafing eachQj£cjuartera. In the process it became possible to simplify the "fora of the document combining several activities.

Work Measurement! larly in the year work was begun on a planfor simplification or the monthly work measurement reports whichhad been inaugurated in 1950. After six months1 experience wittithe original report, certain factors were highlighted which pointedto the direction revision should take. It became necessary tostandardize reporting procedure as well as to simplify the reportitself, Each division chief submitted a revision of his reportwhich was reviewed by the Chief Librarian and the Chief, Adminis-trative Division, before becoming effective on 1 July, in someoases, as in the Acquisition Division, the workload of each section

was measured by a single work unit, the unit selected being con-sidered an accurate index to the performance of the section.Other divisions reduced the number of work units in a sectionfrom some seven or eight in the old report to two or three inthe new. In all, the necessity for maintenance of individualwork records was greatly reduced. At the end of the first sixmonths of the more simplified reporting, it seems safe to saythat the Office of the Director has not only a better manage-ment tool but also a much more efficient means of obtaining it.

FISCAL SECTION

Station Operating Accountsi Pursuant to SR 35-225-UO, theFiscal Section adopted the station Operating Account System, ef-fective 1 July, which called for alloting of funds and accountingfor obligations according to the activity breakdown within theperformance budget structure. Each activity was assigned anaccount number and entries in the ledgers were in accordance there-with. Through this system, it now becomes possible to quote costfigures for each division of the Library, including salaries.This bookkeeping will tend to simplify the collection of datafor the annual budget.

Other Fiscal Matterst The research contract with Johns Hop-kins University having been transferred to the Library on 1 Feb-ruary, the Section assumed the audit of the monthly vouchers forpayment, in addition to its other work. A total of 2,059 vouchersfor all purposes was processed by the Section during the year.

On 1 July, new yellow AUL coupons for photoduplication servicewere inaugurated and the white coupons which had been sold pre-viously were discontinued. As of 31 December, 22% of the outstand-ing white coupons had been redeemed or approximately 2% per month.The photoduplication account was audited twice during 1951 byrepresentatives of the Army Audit Agency. No irregularities werefound in the account, but greater effort to collect outstandingaccounts was recommended. Non-collectible accounts will hence-forth be forwarded to the Office of the Chief of Finance fordisposition under the provisions of AR 35-6665*

OFFICE SERVICE SECTION

The Office Service Section was established in August 1951»following the announcement that military personnel would be with-drawn from the Library. It was formed by the consolidation of theSupply, Mail and Records, and Service Sections, under one head,with the work of each unit being directed by a sub-supervisor. Thereorganization was completed and personnel appointed by 31 December.

57

Supplyt Some improvements in internal management were madeduring the past year. Property records were put in order) a newsupply catalog was created for'the use of divisions in orderingexpendable supplies; and new manual sheets were written on Librarysupply procedure, inventories in Washington and Cleveland werecompleted on schedule.

Mail and Recordst This unit also suffered from the change inpersonnel.At the year's end, however, some progress had been madein assessing the problems in this area. Some correctiveactionhas already been taken, notably the establishment of a central mes-sage center. The classification system has proved successful inmost cases) it will be scrutinised carefully during the comingmonths and changes will be made wherever improvements are possible.Definite steps forward were made by the unit in establishing andpublishing messenger route schedules and in formalising In thelibrary Manual of Operationsmany of the rules and procedures fol-lovad in mailing and shipping. As mentioned above, the mail andfile rooms were brought into closer relationship by the transferof the Central File activity to the basement, thus reducing greatlythe messenger time required in carrying material to and from theserooms.

Servicei Although short-staffed, this unit carried out itsassignments on schedule. Two hundred and six thousand pounds ofmaterial, mostly exchange, were handled during the year. Repro-duction by both mimeograph and multilith processes improved inquality. The multilith machine wad first put into operation inNovember 1900. First results were not reassuring; however, improve-ment in the quality of reproduction was steady. Due to severalnew projects, such as the reproduction of bibliographies preparedby the Reference staff, card work for the Catalog and the CurrentList Divisions, and a vigorous campaign to bring the Library Manualof Operations up to date, the quantity of reproduced material rosesKarply, the number of pages increasing from U33>531 in 1950 to1,637,000 in 1951, or approximately 300$.

PERSONNEL SECTION

Much of the work of the Personnel Officer did not come directlyunder the supervision of the Chief, Administrative Division, but wasreviewed by the Chief Librarian. Consultations on problems of per-sonnel administration were held, however, at frequent intervals*The work load of the Section was Increased by an all-out effort tobring the Library staff up to full strength. Even after a •per-sonnel freeze" was imposed in the late summer, which prevented thefilling of five vacant positions, Library personnel turnover keptthe Personnel Officer and her assistants fully occupied.

58

Personnel Authorization* The following table shows theauthorized strength for the Library over the yeari

MilitaryDate of Voucher Civilians Officers EM Total

1 January 1951 229 h 13 1715 February 1951 253 h h 815 August 1951 257 h 0 kh December 1951 2 1 6 2 0 2

The 15 February voucher reflected an increase of civilian personnelfor the Historical Division and also an increase for the libraryproper to compensate for a decrease in the authorization for enlistedmen. The h December voucher reflected a decrease of both civilianand military personnel incident to the transfer of the HistoricalDivision to the Walter Reed Army Medical Center, which became effec-tive 1 December 1951*

Recruitmenti Recruitment continued to account for the majorportion of the time of the Personnel Officer. In March 1951, theChief, Administrative Division, and the Personnel Officer were askedto develop a general plan for recruitment which could be followedfrom year to year. The plan Included the following pointsi

a) Preparation of an AMI Recruiting Circular.b) More active recruiting in some ten of the larger

library schools.c) Preparation of an information pamphlet concerning

the Library and its mission.d) Closer liaison between the Library and the placement

services of the national library organizations such as the MedicalLibrary Association, the American Library Association, and'theSpecial Libraries Association.

Several actions were instituted following the approval of thisplan. A circular for recruitment of catalogera was prepared andthe Chief of the Catalog Division made a trip to Columbia Universityitt April* Selection of three candidates resulted. Through the co-operation of the Editor of the Journal of the Amorican MedicalAssociation and the Editor of the AIA BuTleHn, free advertisementswere placed in the classified columns of these publications. Thenotice in the ALABulletin brought replies from 17 persons andresulted in the employment of one of the number. This method alsoproved successful for Dr. Wilson in Cleveland, who inserted anadvertisement in the AIA Bulletin for a rare book cataloger andreceived very good response"!Several well qualified candidateswere Interested and selection was made from among them.

59

In connection with the recruiting plan, and as a part of acooperative movement of six of the larger Federal libraries, theChief of the Administrative Division was appointed Chairman ofan informal committee to develop closer liaison between the place-ment services of these libraries* Members of the committee in-cluded representatives of the Library of Congress, the Departmentof Agriculture Library, the Department of State, the CentralIntelligence Agency, and the Army (Pentagon) Library. Two luncheonmeetings of the committee were held in the spring and summer;there was a free interchange of information between the membersand a lively discussion of the many problems inherent in the selec-tion of qualified personnel.

Trainingi The Personnel Officer participated in the trainingactivities of the Library,which remained limited in scope. Orien-tation of new employees took two forms. The first, given by thePersonnel Officer, included information about rights, privileges,and so forth, of employees and general Library information. Thesecond form of orientation included tours of the Library work areaswith short descriptive talks by older staff members or supervisorsabout the work being performed. The Personnel Officer also servedon a committee on In-Service Training appointed by the Chief Librar-ian to study the need for additional training among the staff andto develop a course of study. The committee made its recommenda-tion for a lecture course for clerical employees, but final arrange-ments were still pending at the year's end.

Classificationi Classification of civilian positions remaineda problem for the Library chiefly because of the amount of timerequired to accomplish an action. The Personnel Section acted asliaison on classification actions, recording and transmitting draftsand final allocations between the division concerned and the Sur-geon General's Office Classification Branch. While new Job sheetswere pending for the Catalog Division for at least half the year,only four allocations were made. The Current List Division was com-pletely surveyed during the year but action was extremely slow*Some action had been taken on a survey of the positions in theHistory of Medicine Division but this, also, was not complete by31 December.

60

Appendix I

BOOKS AND SERIALS ADTTO, BY SOTJRCE AND CLASS

BOOKS - PurchasesCurrentOut of printOld and rare

TransfersGiftsBacklog

1951 1950 1949

Total

Total

Total Books Added

SERIALS - PurchasesCurrentOut of print

Total

TransfersExchangeCurrent ListMedical Library Assn.Other

GiftsBacklog

Total

Total Serials Added

GRAND TOTAL ALL ITEMS ATOWJ)

PURCHASE PERCENTAGES

Percent of "books purchasedPercent of serials purchasedPercent of all pieces purchased

9,3871,904l.flW

13.979

1,7422,509100

if. 351

17.330

24,2754.089

28.364

3,968

12,3322,14213,43520,0561.481

53.414

81.778

99.108

1951

753542

6,8942,844876

10.614

9832,114247

3.344

13.958

20,8195.143

25.962

5,618

12,5481,7018,89720,191

157

49.112

75.074

89.032

1950

763137

4,3352,0081.919

8.262

1,3765,763104

7.243

15.505

15,8693.834

19.703

6,011

9,9183,7992,66833.66833.315

89.379

109.082

124.587

1949

532631

Appendix II

BOOK EXPENDITURES, BY CLASS AND COUNTRY

BOOKSCurrentOut of printOld and rare

SERIALSCurrentOut of print

MICROFILM ANDHISTORICAL PRINTS

EXPENDITURES BY CLASS

19.51

Total

Total

ORAND TOTAL

1950 1949

$ 3 ,066.47 $ 31,014.83 $ 19,222.1?3,590.35 3,528.46 5,117.606.317.76 9.044.13 12.147.67

$ 43.9H2.60 $ 43.587.42 $ 36.487.44

$ 19,465.194.000.77

19,207.024.435.24

17,999.924.076.33

* 23.465.96 $ 23.643.06 $ 22.876.25

$ 525.80 $ 2.046.02 $ 2.595.17

$ 67.974.36 $ 70.077.30 $ 61.950.86

MAJOR EXPENDITURES BY COUNTRY

1951 1950 1949

BOOKS AND SERIALS

United StatesGermanyJapanItalyGreat BritainFranceSwitzerlandBelgium and Netherlands

$ 28,007.37 $ 24,058.39 $ 18,715.420,019.34 6,000.00 2,102.354,794.37 4,500.00 353-492,792.03 2,051.47 1,194.812,557.28 2,503.53 3,197.212,093.40 1,930.61 1,827.151,560.68 976.85 514.601,250.32 1,770.67 2,283.18

ACQUISITION ACTIVITIES

Appendix III

SEARCHING

Booka considered forpurchase, not in Library

Books considered forpurchase, Library had

Total items searched

SERIAL RECORD

New Titleo AddedTitles Received onCurrent List Exchange

DUPLICATE EXCHAM1E

Shipments ion.deShipments receivedPieces shippedPieces received

1950 1949

14,500

6.905

21.405

995

1,690

835317

1*14,232It*,293

16.W33

7.670

24.153

001

2,100

733217

96,008150,001

20,190

11.407

31.605

1,377

2,395

60654

62,62104,500

ORDERS

Purchase orders written 2,059 1,012 2,002

CATALOGING STATISTICS

Appendix IT

PRBLIMIHm CATALOGING

New titlesReoataloged titles

Total

Hew titlesRecataloged titles

Total

Titles nelasnified

Catalog cards made, revisedand distributed

Catalog oards filed

Volumes shelflisted

Copies and volumes withdrawn

Work in process (pieces) *Awaiting preliminary catalogingAwaiting catalogingCataloged, awaiting revision

Total

1951

11,20012.940

24.140

8,58413.710

22.294

1950

(1)

(1)

10,0459.573

19.618

1949

(1)

(1)

11,9723.115

15.087

6,071

293,013

191,313

29,994

1.539

22510.2243.250

13.699

2,090

291,202

179,276

23,708

(1)

97510,5752,775

13.325

0

299,191

162,647

16,804

(1)

9628,7471,017

10.726

(1) Not available* Estimate 75 pieces per shelf

Appendix 7

BINDING STATISTICS

1951

Volumes sent to GovernmentPrinting Office

Returns from GovernmentPrinting Office, proceuned

Volumes put in Army MedicalLibrary "bindings

Volumes (poor paper) wrapped

Volumes repaired

Volumes lettered

8.758

5,300

Portrait solicitationHospital solicitationATIP transfersMiscellaneous

Pictures cataloged/indexed

Reference use of pictures

1950

4.269

7.875

1949

14,140

21.630

3.1*02

rrapped 1,498

2,341

52.877

ART SECTION STATISTICS

1951

Sectionition 1,387ition 257

158286

Total 2.088

Lexed if, 606

ires 1.829

2.537

603

4,716

47.652

1950

1760

6,210851

7.237

(1)

(1)

623

0

2.452

24.482

1949

60

4,250879

4.534

(1)

(1)

(1) Not available

USX ADD CIRCUIATION STATISTICS

Appendix 71

1951

irs registered 8,249

i to Government Libraries 24,103

government loans 5.690

Total loans 29,793

lets from readers 55,929

tats from Photodtcplicfttlon Section 52.560

Total items nsed 138.262

BXTXPINCS SERVICESTATISTICS

1951

Reference questions answered 11,30?

Bibliographies prepared 226

FHOTHDUPLIOATION STATISTICS

1951 1950

rs received 55,738 51»012

i, neeatire film 1,210,125 1» 99,13*

i. positive fllB 4,707 85,127

'•tati 247,709 320,713

•prints 141,880 157,999

17 prints 2,582 1,515

1950

7.587

23.778

5.777

89.555

53.3 0

48.5

131.448

1950

8,638

33

1949

52.676

1.409,297

33,940

494,423

37,100

1.426

Appendix VII

HISTORY 07 MEDICINE DIVISION

1951 1950

Items added to collectionBooks and manuscripts 931 915

Microfilm copies 70 28

Portraits _ 62 _ ft

Total items added 1,063 9 7

Editions cataloged 385 (l)

Inquiries answered (includingLoans and Photoduplication Orders) 725

Books "bound at commercial "bindery 175

Books "bound at HMD Binding Studio 665 952

Total "books "bound 8UO 1,372

Prints and photographs mounted 1(899

Pages microfilmed M7 ,

(1) Hot available

Appendix VIII

OUBRBJTP LIST OF MHDIOAL LrPBRATUJOl

DISTRIBUTION

Tree or on Exchange BasiaUnited States

Foreign

Total

1251

410

1.663

1229.

1,709

2,073

Paid atibBorlptionBUnited Statea

Foreign

Total

1,835

320

For Anv MedicalInternal tt»e UP

OBA10) TOTAL

journal title* being indexedon 30 June 1951

Articles Indexing during year 85^204

Appendix IX

INDEX-CATALOGUE

Periodical articles indexed

Books cataloged

Items classified

Hew cards filed

Card* filed and re-filed

Cards sent to printer

Backlog

Journals and "books awaitinganalysis or cataloging

Articles cataloged, awaiting revision

Cards revised, awaiting heading

1951

85,217

6,372

38,028

35,81*0

367,670

12,448

30,762

n.ioo

200,000

1950

256,409

11,906

135,352

99,252

562,817

5,073

53.813

78,000

46,685

Visitors to Subject File(excluding staff members) 1,684 1,407

Appendix Z

PERSONNEL STATISTICS

Personnel authorised:CivilianSpecial Temporary Author!rationMilitary

Personnel on dutyiCivilianMilitary

Personnel on duty, by Divisions:Office of tb« DirectorAdministrfltiveAcquisitionCatalogCurrent ListInde.r-CatalogueReferenceHistory of Medicine

of1951

?253f>

7X23040301265

Total ?37

As ofDec. 1950

213

11

20911

26223351_»1262

-iit

220

number of persons employed

on flnty

200

Personnel actions:AncASftionsSeparationsAccessions duringflonversions to

or classified statusPromotionsReallooations to higherReallocations to lowerNew positions establishedPay increftses for superior flonomnliphnentMeritorious civilian service awnrfls

BO

10?320700

Absences:Annual loave31 ok leaveOther leave

(man honrs)(nan honrn)(man honrs)

Percentage of effectiveness

*Included under Office of the Director

35,032

5,462

04.9

189

585440

1025432021

20,97219,7934,933

06.5

Appendix XI

FINANCIAL STATISTICS

Allotted Fonda:RentalsRepairs and AlterationsSubscriptionsBooksSuppliesEquipmentTransportation

Bostage(** TokensIndexing ContractHftgar Bequest

Total

1951Obligated

$ 93.211,755.6313,1*79.9154,280.9225,406.387,453.37

28.967,848.64*1,853-29

44.0014,000.00

23.04

* 126.267.34

Otbef Operational Costs:Civilian Personnel Salaries

(Medical Service - estimated)Military Personnel SalariesPrinting and BindingReal Estate Rental (Engineers)Signal Corps Supplies, Equipment, ServiceQuartermaster Supplies and EquipmentTransportation ServiceContract Field Binding

(History of Medicine Division)

Total

$ 676,316.0057.065.0066,500.009,000.0010,208.004,500.001.500.002.000.00

1.027.089.00

Total Operational Cost, Army Medical Library

Collections for photoduplication services 16,427.48

* Includes Historical Division, Office of the Surgeon General

Appendix XII

RECENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE ARMY MEDICAL LIBRARY

1, Army Medical Library Author Catalog. 1950. 72k p. $17,50The third annual catalog in "book form containing fullauthor entries for all items cataloged during the year;with a subject index. For sale "by the Cprd Division,Library of Congress, Washington ?5, D. C. (Note: The1951 edition will "be in two parts: Part One Authors .and Part Two Subjects. It IB expected to "be ready inApril 1952 at $17-50.)

2f Current List of Medicpl Literature. Monthly. Subscriptions:Domestic, $9.75 per year; foreign, $12.25-

A monthly list with author and sxibject index to articlesin approximately 1,350 medicel Journals; international inscope. For sale "by Superintendent of Documents, GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington 25, D. C.

3. Army Medical Library Clasaification. 1951- 275 p. $1.25The Library's classification scheme for materials in thepreclinical sciences, medicine, find related subjects.For sale "by Superintendent of Documents, GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington 25, D. C.

k. The Pitultary-Adrenocortical Function: ACTH, Cortisone andRelated Compounds. 1950. 366 p.

A "bibliography covering the period 19kO-1950, partlyannotated.

5. Plasma Substitutes, Except Those Derived from H\unan Blood,19kO-1951- 1951, Ikl P-

An annotated, comprehensive list of references.

6. Nitrogen^ in BiologirPl Research. 1951. Ik p.A selected list of references nrmnged chronologieslly,covering the period 1937-1951-

7- Intravenous Injection of Fntn nnd Oils for Nutritive Purposes.1951. Ik p.

A list of references covering the period 107k-1951-

Fibrinolyein, Profibrinolysln, pnd Antifibrinolyatn. 1951- 20 p.A selected list of referfincen fovprlng tiia period 1937-1951»

9. Organizing Small Medical Libraries in MiHtnry Installstions.Revised 1951. 16 p.

An elementary trentlae prepared in answer to numerousrequests for such information ,

10. Policy on Scope and Coverage. 1951. (Out of print)1

A collection of papers resulting from the Library'sefforts, over a period of time, to arrive at a defini-tion of the scope of the collecting policy and degreeof coverage in each field.

11. Army Medical Library Services. 1951. 9 p.A small pamphlet describing the Library's availableservices*

12. Annual Report for the Calendar Tear 1950. 1951. 91 p.The Library's annual report of operations and services,with statistical appendices.

13• Army Medical Library News. 'Monthly.A email news bulletin for public distribution*

Ity. Amy Medical Library Bulletin. Weekly.For internal distribution only.

Appendix XIII

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