Army, Marine Corps, Navy
Transcript of Army, Marine Corps, Navy
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FM 90-40
MCRP 3-15.8
NWP 3-07.31
USCG PUB 3-07.31
NLW
MULTISERVICE PROCEDUR
FOR THE
TACTICAL EMPLOYMENT
NONLETHAL WEAPONS
OCTOBER 1998
DISTRIBUTIONRESTRICTION:Approved
for public release; distribution is unlimited.
ARMY, MARINE CORPS, NAVY
AIR LAND SEA
APPLICATION
CENTER
MULTISERVICE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES
MARIN
E CORPS COMBATDEVELOPMENT CO
MMAN
D
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FOREWORD
This publicat ion ha s been pr epared un der our direction for use by our r espective
comma nds an d oth er comma nds as appr opriat e.
WILLIAM W. HARTZOG
General, USA
Commander
Training an d Doctrine Comma nd
J. E. RHODES
Lieut enan t General, USMC
Commanding General
Marine Corps Combat
Development Comma nd
G. S. HOLDER
Rear Admiral, USN
Commander
Naval Doctrine Command
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PREFACE
employment of NLW during exercises and
contingencies.
b. T h e U n it e d S t a t e s (U S ) Ar m y,
M ar i ne Corps , Navy , and Coas t Guardapproved this multiservice publication.
4. Implementation Plan
Participating service command offices
o f p r i m ary r e s pons i b i l i t y (OPRs ) w i l l
r e v i e w t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n , v a l i d a t e t h e
informa tion, a nd reference an d incorporat e
i t i n s e rv i ce m anua l s , r egu l a t i ons , and
curricula as follows:
Army. The Army will incorporate theprocedures in this publication in US Army
t r a i n i n g a n d d o c t r i n a l p u b l i c a t i o n s a s
d i r e c t e d b y t h e c o m m a n d e r , U S A r m y
T r a i n i n g a n d D o c t r i n e C o m m a n d
(TRADOC). Distribution is in accordance
with DA Form 12-11E.
Marine Corps. The Marine Corps willi n c o r p o r a t e t h e p r o c e d u r e s i n t h i s
publication in US Marine Corps training
and doctrinal publications as directed by
th e comma nding general, US Mar ine CorpsCombat Development Command (MCCDC).
Distribution is in accordance with MCPDS.
Navy. The Navy will incorporate thesep r o c e d u r e s i n U S N a v y t r a i n i n g a n d
doctrinal publications as directed by the
commander, Navy Warfare Development
Comma nd (NWDC). Dis t r ibu t ion is in
accordance with MILSTRIP Desk Guide
and NAVSOP Publication 409.
Coast Guard. The Coast Guard wil li n c o r p o r a t e t h e p r o c e d u r e s i n t h i s
publication in US Coast Guard doctrinal
an d tr aining publicat ions a s directed by the
a s s i s t a n t c o m m a n d a n t f o r o p e r a t i o n s ,
Director of Operations Policy, US Coast
Guar d. Distribution of th is publicat ion is
in accordance with Coast Guard standing
operating procedures.
1. Scope
This publication describes multiservice
tactics, techniques, and procedures (MTTP)
f o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n a n d u s e d u r i n g t h etactical employment of nonlethal weapons
(NLW) in support of warfighting personnel
conducting tr aining a nd tactical operations.
This publication
a. Provides an overview of NLW.
b. Provides NLW system descr ip t ion /
interoperabili ty.
c. Describes the capabili t ies of NLW.
d . Dis cus s es t r a i n i ng w it h t he NLW
capability set.
e . Discusses the t act i ca l employment
of NLW.
f . Discusses l essons l ear ned f rom
previous NLW use.
2. P urp os e
a. This publ icat ion provides a s ingle-
s o u r c e , c o n s o l i d a t e d r e f e r e n c e o n t h e
t a c t i c a l e m p l o y m e n t o f N L W a n d
s u p p o r t i n g s y s t e m s o n t h e n o n l i n e a r
battlefield of today. Additionally, it will fill
the void that currently exists about MTTP
for the tactical employment of NLW.
b. This publicat ion is not intended to
rest r ict the authori ty of the commander
from organ izing th e force an d execut ing th e
mission in a manner deemed appropriate.
3 . Ap plic at io n
a. T h is p u b li ca t i on p r o vi de s
commanders and their staffs unclassified
g u i d a n c e f o r N L W e m p l o y m e n t a n d
planning. Comma nders and staffs can use
t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n t o a i d i n t h e t a c t i c a l
Marine Corps: PCN 14300005700
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5. User Information
a . The TRADOC-M CCDC-NWDC-AFDC Air Land Sea Application (ALSA)
Center developed th is publicat ion with t he
j o i n t pa r t i c i pa t i on o f t he app rov i ng
ser vice comm ands. ALSA will review an d
update this publication as necessary.
b. We e n cou r a g e r e com m e n d e d
changes for improving this publ icat ion.
Key your comm ent s t o the specific page a nd
paragraph and provide a rationale for each
r e c o m m e n d a t i o n . S e n d c o m m e n t s a n d
recommendation directly to
Army
Commander
US Army Training and Doctrine CommandATTN: ATDO-A
Fort Monroe VA 2365l-5000
DSN 680-3153 COMM (757) 727-3153
Marine Corps
Commanding GeneralUS Marine Corps Combat Development Command
ATTN: C42
3300 Russell RoadQuantico VA 22134-5021
DSN 278-6234 COMM (703) 784-6234
Navy
Navy Warfare Development CommandATTN: N31540 Gilbert St
Norfolk VA 23511-2785
DSN 565-0563 COMM (757) 445-0563E-mail: [email protected]
ALSA
ALSA Center
ATTN: Director114 Andrews Street
Langley AFB VA 23665-2785DSN 574-5934 COMM (757) 764-5934
E-mail : [email protected]
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iii
FM 90-40
MCRP 3-15.8
NWP 3-07.31
USCG PUB 3-07.31
FM 90-40 US Army Training and Doctr ine CommandFort Monroe, Virginia
MCRP 3-15.8 Marin e Corps Com bat De ve lopme n t Com mand
Quantico, Virginia
NWP 3-07.31 Navy Warfare De ve lopme n t Comm and
Norfolk, Virginia
USCG P UB 3-07.31 US Coast Guard
Washington, D.C.
6 October 1998
NLWMultiservice Procedures for the
Tactical Employment of Nonlethal Weapons
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER I OVERVIEW OF NONLETHAL WEAPONSBa ckgr ound ................................................................................................. I-1
Defin it ion .................................................................................................... I-1
Con cep t Descr ip t ion .................................................................................. I-1
Ba ckgroun d on Developm ent a nd Em ployment ..................................... I-1Relat ions hip of NLW to Deadly F orce .................................................... I-2
Advan ta ges of Employing NLW ............................................................... I-3Policy Per Office of the Secretary of Defense Instructions on
Em ploymen t of NLW .............................................................................. I-3
CHAPTER II PURPOSE, SYSTEM DESCRIPTION, AND ORGANIZATIONP u r pos e ...................................................................................................... II-1Syst em Descr ipt ion ................................................................................. II-1
Or ga n iza t ion ............................................................................................. II-2
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CHAPTER III CAPABILITIES OF NONLETHAL WEAPONSApplicability Across th e Ran ge of Milita ry Opera tions ..................... III-1
Cor e Ca pa bili t ies .................................................................................... III-1
Lim it a t ions .............................................................................................. III-3
CHAPTER IV TRAINING WITH THE NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITY SETFu nda ment al Concepts an d Training Requirements .......................... IV-1
Tra inin g of In st ructors ........................................................................... IV-1Nonlet ha l Tra inin g Topics for Deploying Unit s .................................. IV-2
Un it Tra inin g ........................................................................................... IV-4
Lea der Tra in ing ...................................................................................... IV-5Su mm ary .................................................................................................. IV-5
CHAPTER V EMPLOYMENT OF THE NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITYBa ckgr ound ................................................................................................ V-1Mission Pla nn ing Fa ctors ........................................................................ V-1
NLW Task s ................................................................................................. V-2
St a ff P lannin g/Respon sibilit ies ............................................................. V-10
Tacti cs .......................................................................................................V-11
Em ployme n t Object ives ......................................................................... V-13
E nvir onmen t ............................................................................................ V-14
RO E ..........................................................................................................V-14Logistic Considerations Including Maintenance and
Trans port a tion ..................................................................................... V-14
CHAPTER VI LESSONS LEARNEDBa ckground .............................................................................................. VI-1
Force Con t inuum .................................................................................... VI-1
Em ploymen t ............................................................................................. VI-1Publicity and Media ................................................................................ VI-2
Capa bilities an d Impa ct on Mission Accomplishm ent ........................ VI-2Kn owing Your Adver sa ry ....................................................................... VI-3
Su mm ary .................................................................................................. VI-3
APPENDIX A NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITY SET INDIVIDUAL ...................... A-1
APPENDIX B SPECIALTY IMPACT MUNITIONS ........................................................... B-1
APPENDIX C NONLETHAL INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS INSTRUCTOR COURSE ..........C-1
APPENDIX D SAMPLE UNIT TRAINING SCHEDULE ................................................... D-1
REFERENCES......................................................................................................
References-1
GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................ Glossary-1
INDEX ................................................................................................................................ Index-1
FIGURES V-1 Ban ds of Em ployment of Various N LW System s ..................... V-12B-1 No. 15-"St inger Team" Grena de ................................................... B-1
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B-2 No. 40F-Foam Ru bber Mult iple Bat on Roun d ............................ B-2
B-3 No. 23BR-Bea n Bag Roun d ........................................................... B-3
B-4 No. 23HV-Rubber Pe llet Roun d H igh Velocity ........................... B-4
B-5 No. 23WB-Single Wood Ba ton Round .......................................... B-5
B-6 No. 40B-St inger Tea m Roun d ....................................................... B-6
B-7 No. 23RP-Rubber Pellet Round .................................................... B-7
B-8 No. 40W-Wood Mu ltiple Ba ton Round ........................................ B-8
B-9 No. 40A-Stin ger Team Round ....................................................... B-9B-10 No. 23F B-Diver siona ry Device .................................................. B-10
B-11 No. 23FS -Rubber F in St abilized Roun d ................................... B-11
TABLES IV-1 40mm Foam Ba ton Round ............................................................ IV-3IV-2 40m m Wood Ba ton Round ............................................................ IV-3IV-3 40mm St inger Round (60 Ca liber) ............................................... IV-3IV-4 12-ga Bea n Bag Roun d ................................................................. IV-3IV-5 12-ga Wood Ba ton Round ............................................................. IV-4IV-6 12-ga Rubber Pe llet Round .......................................................... IV-4IV-7 St in ger Gr en ade ............................................................................ IV-4V-1 Crowd Control................................................................................ V-2
V-2 In capa cita t e Per sonnel .................................................................. V-4V-3 Deny Area to Pe rs onnel ................................................................ V-5V-4 Den y Area to Vehicles ................................................................... V-6V-5 Deny/Neut ra lize Vehicles, Aircraft, Vessels, a nd Fa cilities .... V-7V-6 Se ize P er son nel .............................................................................. V-8V-7 Clear Fa cilities of Per sonn el ....................................................... V-9
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NLW
Multiservice Procedures for the
Tactical Employment of Nonlethal Weapons
No longer can force be viewed as eith er on or off (leth a l force or n o force) becau se
whole spectru ms of th rea ts a re pr esent t oday. NLWs' options allow force to be viewed as
a cont inuu m. Much like a rh eosta t switch where power can be dialed up or down as desired,
NLW provide tools to allow a comma nder to emp loy sufficient force t o accomplish a n objective
without requiring the destr uction of an enem y or th e habita t. The intent of employing
NLW is not to add an other st ep in th e progression of escalation with a n adversar y but to
add an oth er tool to use an ywhere along tha t cont inuu m. This publication provides initia l
guidan ce for th e employment of NLW in a ta ctical environm ent .
Overview of NLW
Cha pter I describes th e concept of NLW an d provides the backgroun d on developmen t
an d employmen t of NLW. The chapt er goes on to explain t he rela tionsh ip of NLW to
dead ly force capa bilities. The fina l port ion of th e cha pter reviews policy per Office of th e
Secreta ry of Defense inst ru ctions on employmen t of NLW.
Purpose, System Description, and Organization
Chapter II describes the purpose of NLW and gives a brief description of the currently
available commercial or government off-the-shelf (COTS/GOTS) equipment and munitions.
The chapter goes on to expla in the curren t ly an t ic ipa ted d i s t r ibu t ion of nonle tha l
equipment for t he Un ited Sta tes Army, Marine Corps, and Air Force units. The fina l port ion
of the chapter addresses personnel requirements, organizational structure requirements,
and mission requirements/tactical structure.
Capabilities of NLW
Chapter III describes capabilities of NLW and missions across the range of military
operat ions. Additionally, a deta iled discussion of mu nitions an d nonmu nitions capabilities
is presented.
Training With the NLW Capability Set
Chapter IV describes training requirements, methods, locations, and a program of
instruction currently available for NLW options.
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Employment of NLW Capability
Chap t e r V des c r i bes em p l oym en t p re requ i s i t e s , m i s s i on -p l ann i ng f ac t o r s , and
pers onnel requirem ent s needed to employ NLW options. The cha pter a lso discusses
employing NLW as augmentation to lethal weapons and provides logistic and safety
considerations.
Lessons Learned
Cha pter VI focuses on lessons learn ed from recent opera tions. The cha pter discusses
how nonlethal technology has changed the way we look at our adversary, the force
continuum, mission accomplishment, and media interaction.
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PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS
The following comman ds a nd agencies part icipat ed in t he developmen t of this pu blication:
J o i n t
US Atla nt ic Comma nd , J35/J75, J TASC, Suffolk, VA
US E ur opean Comma nd, J 3/J 5, APO AE
US Pa cific Comman d, J 3832, Cam p H. M. Smith, HI
US Cent ra l Comm an d, J 3, MacDill Air Force Base, FL
US Southern Command, SCJ5-PS, Miami, FL
US Spa ce Comman d, SPJ 5X, Peter son AFB, CO
US Special Opera tions Comm an d, J SOFI, SOFI-D, Fort Bra gg, NC
J oint Nonletha l Weapons Directorat e, Quan tico, VA
Army
Headqu ar ter s, Depart ment of th e Arm y, ODCSOPS (DAMO-FDT), Penta gon, Washington, D.C.
US Arm y Train ing a nd Doctr ine Comm an d, DCSDOC (ATDO-A), Fort Monroe, VA
US Arm y Tra inin g an d Doctr ine Comm an d, DCSCD (ATDO-MM), Fort Monroe, VA
US Arm y Infant ry Cent er, DCD, Fort Ben ning, GA
US Arm y Milita ry Police School, ATTN: ATZN-MP-CBI, Fort McClella n, AL
Manu ever Supp ort Ba tt le Lab, Bldg 3200, USAEC, Fort Leona rd Wood, MO
Head qua rt ers, 7th Army Trainin g Center, APO AE 09114
Marine Corps
Marin e Corps Combat Developmen t Comm an d, J oint Doctr ine Bra nch (C427), Quan tico, VAMarin e Corps Deta chm ent Militar y Police and Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL
Special Opera tions Trainin g Group (G-7), I Mar ine Expeditionar y Force, Camp Pend leton, CA
N a v y
Comm an der, Navy War fare Developmen t Comm an d, Norfolk Na val Bas e, Norfolk, VA
Air Force
Detachmen t, Hea dqua rt ers Air Force Doctr ine Cent er, Lan gley Air F orce Base, VA
Head qua rt ers Air Comba t Comman d (SFXR), Lan gley Air F orce Base, VA
Head qua rt ers Air Force Special Operat ions Comma nd (DOXT), Hur lburt Field, FL
Hu ma n Syst ems Cent er, Brooks Air Force Base, TX
Coast Guard
Comm an dan t, US Coast Gu ar d, (G-OPD), Wash ington, D.C.
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Chapter I
OVERVIEW OF NONLETHAL WEAPONS
1. Background
a . Today i n an ope ra t i ona l env iron -
ment, United States (US) forces regularly
p e r f o r m m i s s i o n s t h a t w e r e a l m o s t
inconceivable a few decades a go. In th is
new environment, firepower or the threat
of i t s use may no longer be the defaul t
solution to all crises or pr oblems . Sen ior
l eade r s f ace a new l eve l o f pub l i c
sens i t iv i ty and scru t iny concern ing the
proper role of th e militar y as an inst ru ment
of na tional power. Field comm an ders mus tunderstan d th ese sensit ivit ies and att empt
to achieve measured military force. Junior
leaders must apply the resulting decisions
wi s e l y , o f t en i n s i t ua t i ons f i l l ed w i t h
uncertainty and danger.
b. T h r o u g h ou t h i s t or y , ch a n g es i n
cu l t u re and t echno l ogy i n f l uenced t he
character of military force and the manner
in which it is employed. These cha nges ar e
a n a t t e m p t t o m a x i m i z e t h e u t i l i t y o f
military force in a new operational regime.
Promising new nonlethal weapons (NLW)
p r o p o s a l s r e p r e s e n t a d v a n c e s i n
techn ology. In the complex an d chan ging
political and social domain of the modern
world, nonlethal capabilities may offer the
opportunity to increase the uti l i ty of the
m i l i t a r y a s a n i n s t r u m e n t o f n a t i o n a l
power.
2. Definition
NLW are defined as weapons that are
e x p l i c i t l y d e s i g n e d a n d p r i m a r i l y
employed, at a minimum, to discourage or
at most, incapacita te personnel or m at eriel
while minimizing fatalities and undesired
damage to property and the environment.
NLW achieve these benefits by employing
means o ther than ca tas t rophic phys ica l
dest ruct ion to incapaci tate their targets .
The term nonlethal should be understood
as a function of intent; zero mortali ty or
p e r m a n e n t d a m a g e a r e g o a l s n o t
guar an tees of th ese weapons. NLW add
f l ex i b i l i t y t o com ba t ope ra t i ons and
enhance force protection by providing an
environment in which friendly troops can
engage th rea ten ing target s wi th l imi ted
r i s k o f n o n c o m b a t a n t c a s u a l t i e s a n d
collateral damage.
3. Concept Description
Nonl e t ha l capab i l i t i e s m ay p rov i de
armed forces with the necessary means to
con t ro l t he f l ow o f r e fugees , en fo rce
m a n d a t e s , a n d p r o t e c t t h e m s e l v e s i n
cons onance w i t h t he s pec i f i ed ru l e s o f
engagement (ROE) for a specific operation.
The food relief effort in Somalia is a super b
example where use of lethal weapons, with
t he excep t i on o f fo rce p ro t ec t i on , was
inconsistent with the mission.
4. Background on Development andEmployment
a . M i li t a r y fo r ce s h a v e lon g u s e d
nonlethal force to influence behavior of
people and na tions, defeat adversar ies with
minimum use of lethal capabi l i t ies , and
weaken adversar ies to defea t them wi th
convent iona l ar ms. Exa mples of class ic
nonlethal means include a show of force;
phys i ca l obs t ac l e s ; no i s e t o c rea t e o renhance psychological effects; smoke and
obscurants to mask operat ions or defeat
homing and guidan ce mechan isms; an d light
used to disorient comba ta nt s. These classic
nonlethal means wil l remain relevant in
f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s a n d a r e a p a r t o f a n
evo l u t i ona ry p roces s o f weapons
development.
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b. Inc reas ed in t e ra ct i on be t ween US
forces and civilian populations has become
a feature of the contemporary operational
landscape that is likely to remain the case
for the foreseeable futu re. Two factors
account for this forecast:
(1 ) Worldwide pat tern s of popula-tion growth a nd migrat ion h ave resulted in
an expansion of urban culture within the
established industrialized nations and also
in many preindustrial and emerging Third
Wor l d s oc i e t i e s . The p reva l ence o f
urbanization in many crisis-prone regions
of the world creates the potential for large,
vulnerable groups of noncombatants to be
c a u g h t u p i n v o l a t i l e c o n f r o n t a t i o n s
involving t he deployment of militar y forces.
(2) US forces increasingly operat e in
t he cha l l eng i ng env i ronm en t known as
m i l i t a r y o p e r a t i o n s o t h e r t h a n w a r
(MOOTW); a category that includes such
m i s s i o n s a s h u m a n i t a r i a n a s s i s t a n c e ,
disaster relief, noncombatant evacuations,
and the various types of peace operations.
These operations commonly involve close
an d cont inual int eraction between US forces
an d noncomba ta nt civilians . Some MOOTW
s c e n a r i o s i n c l u d e t h e p r e s e n c e o f
parami l i t a ry forces , a rmed fac t ions , o rrogue elements t hat present a constan t but
un certa in thr eat to our forces . In these
situations, the mission of mili tary forces
includes preventive ta sks. In oth er words,
US forces enh an ce mission accomplishm ent
by preventing individuals or factions from
c a r r y i n g o u t s p e c i f i e d u n d e s i r a b l e
ac t i v i t i e s , s uch a s r i o t i ng , l oo t i ng ,
a t t a c k i n g , h a r a s s i n g , o r t h r e a t e n i n g .
Sometimes, the adversary blends in with
the local population of innocent cit izens.
Other times, sectors of the local populationmay r ise against our forces and become
act ive par t i c ipan t s in ac t s o f v io lence .
Factional alignments, the level of violence,
and the threat to mission accomplishment
ma y cha nge frequent ly and with little or n o
warn ing. Under such circumsta nces, th e
identity of our adversar ies is un certa in an d
the use of deadly force for purposes other
than sel f-defense may be constrained by
R O E o r t h e j u d g m e n t o f t h e o n - s c e n e
commander.
5. Relationship of NLW to Deadly Force
a. The commitm ent of milita ry power to
resolve crises has traditionally involved theus e of dea dly force or t he im plicit or explicit
threat of th e us e of dea dly force. Milita ry
units are trained, organized, and equipped
for th is purpose. A force arm ed only with
traditional military weapons normally has
t wo op t i ons fo r en fo rc i ng com pl i ance :
threats of deadly force and application of
deadly force. Th is l imi ta t ion crea tes a
critical vulnerability that belligerents may
quickly discern an d use t o their advan ta ge.
b. N o n l e t h a l ca p a b i li t i e s p r ov id e a
wider r an ge of options th at au gment but do
not replace t rad i t ional means of dead ly
force. Th e option to resort to deadly force
mus t a lways remain avai lab le when the
comma nder believes it is appr opriate to the
m i s s i on . T h e D e p a r t m e n t of D e fe n s e
Di rec t i ve (DODD) 3000 .3 , Policy for
Nonlethal Weapons, 9 July 1996, states
tha t the availability of NLW will not limit
a Com m and ers inh eren t au th ori ty and
ob l i ga t i on t o u s e a l l neces s ar y meansavailable and to take all appropriate action
in self-defense. The existen ce of nonleth al
c a p a b i l i t i e s d o e s n o t r e p r e s e n t t h e
p o t e n t i a l f o r n o n l e t h a l w a r , a n d
un realistic expecta tions to th at effect mu st
be v igorous ly avoided . Noncombat a n t
casualties, to include serious injuries and
fatalities, will continue to be a regrettable
b u t o f t e n u n a v o i d a b l e o u t c o m e w h e n
military power is employed, regardless of
NLW availability. This principle, au gment
d e a d l y f o r c e , i s f u n d a m e n t a l t o t h e
planning and execution of any operation
w h e r e t h e e m p l o y m e n t o f n o n l e t h a l
capabilities is contemplated.
c. ROE must be clearly articulated and
understood to establish the role of NLW as
an additional means of employing force for
t h e p a r t i c u l a r p u r p o s e o f l i m i t i n g t h e
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probabi l i ty of death or serious injury to
noncomba ta n t s o r be l ligeren t s . Use of
d e a d l y f o r c e m u s t a l w a y s r e m a i n a n
inherent right of individuals in instances
when they , the i r fe l low serv icemen, o r
personnel in their charge are threatened
with death or serious bodily ha rm . NLW
add flexibil i ty to combat operations andenhance force protection by providing an
e n v i r o n m e n t w h e r e U S f o r c e s c a n
permissively engage threatening targets
w i t h l i m i t e d r i s k o f n o n c o m b a t a n t
casualties and collateral damage.
d . C om m a n d e r s a n d p u b l i c a f fa i r s
officers must prepare personnel to address
media questions a nd concerns regar ding the
ro l e o f NLW. Opera t i ona l expe r i en ce
indicates that novel capabilities give rise
to s ignifican t media int eres t . Per sonn el
par t i c ipa t ing in in terv iews or b r ief ings
must be prepared to address the role of
NLW. They must make i t clear th at the
p res ence o f NLW i n no way i nd i ca t e s
abandoning the opt ion to employ deadly
force in appropriate circumstances.
6. Advantages of Employing NLW
N L W p r o v i d e c o m m a n d e r s t h e
f l ex i b i l i t y t o i n f l uence t he s i t ua t i onf a v o r a b l y w i t h r e d u c e d r i s k o f
n o n com b a t a n t fa t a l it i e s a n d c ol la t e r a l
dam age. Some adva nt ages follow:
a . T h e y ca n b e m or e h u m a n e a n d
cons i s ten t wi th the po l i t i ca l and socia l
implications implicit in humanitarian and
peacekeeping missions.
b. T h e f or c e t h a t p r op e r l y e m p l oy s
nonlethal opt ions gains advantages over
those who re ly on le tha l op t ions a lone ,
because the degree of provocation required
to employ these opt ions is substant ial ly
less . This advant age resu l t s in a more
proactive posture and quicker response as
well as a diminished likelihood of having a
situation escalate to a point where deadly
force is required to resolve the conflict.
c. N L W op t i o n s a r e l e s s l ik e l y t o
provoke others; however, the use of NLW
may, in fact, provoke a negative response.
d . D em on s t r a t e d r e s t r a i n t g r e a t ly
diminishes feelings of anger and remorse
w h e n d e a d l y f o r c e i s r e q u i r e d a f t e r
nonlethal options fail.
e . N L W ca n f a ci li t a t e p os t i n c i d e n t
s t a b i l i z a t i o n b y r e d u c i n g p o p u l a c e
alienation and collateral damage.
7. Policy Per Office of the Secretary ofDefense Instructions on Employmentof NLW
a. By Depart ment of Defense (DOD)
policy, all developmental weapon systemsmust be submit ted for legal review and
must receive favorable findings before they
can be incorpora ted into th e force. This
r e v i e w i n c l u d e s e x a m i n a t i o n f o r
consistency with applicable international
and domestic laws, including the laws of
war , var ious arms cont ro l t rea t i es , and
protocols. US forces can be assur ed tha t
any NLW they are given have passed this
cr i t i ca l t es t . Any legal res t r i c t ions on
employment will also be incorporated into
applicable ROE.
b. Some capabilities, although designed
to minimize fatalities and serious injuries,
m a y h a v e e f f e c t s t h a t c o u l d a c t u a l l y
discour age their use. Those based on the
controlled use of pain, for example, could
prove distasteful to the troops employing
them, par t i cu lar ly when the t a rget a rea
i n c l u d e s c h i l d r e n , t h e e l d e r l y , t h e
handicapped, or others subject to special
p r o t e c t i o n w i t h i n t h e c o n t e x t o f o u r
cultur al herita ge. This concept of social
acceptability also extends to the domestic
an d intern at iona l public. J ust as the basic
decision to employ military force in defense
of national interests is usually a matter of
i n t ens e pub l i c conce rn , t he m anner i n
w h i c h t h a t f o r c e i s e x e r c i s e d i s a l s o
subjected to the sa me scrutiny. Speculat ion
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as to the employment (or nonemployment)
of NLW creat es a geomet rically expan ding
ma tr ix of options. As with a ll weapons th e
US military uses, the effects of NLW must
be gener ally accepta ble to our society. In
some cases, the same considerations will
e x t e n d t o t h e l a r g e r i n t e r n a t i o n a l
c om m u n i t y . F o r ex a m p l e , s om e N L Weffects could prove offensive to certain
allies for religious or cultural reasons.
c. N e it h e r t h e p r e s en ce n or t h e
potential effect of NLW shall constitute an
obligation for their employment or a higher
s tandard for employment o f fo rce than
provided for by app licable law. In a ll cases,
th e US ret ains th e option for immediat e use
o f l e t h a l w e a p o n s , w h e n t h e o n - s c e n e
c o m m a n d e r d e e m s i t a p p r o p r i a t e ,consistent with international law.
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Chapter II
PURPOSE, SYSTEM DESCRIPTION, AND ORGANIZATION
1. PurposeThe pur pose of NLW is to enh an ce th e
abilities of militar y comma nder s t o conduct
m i s s i o n s a c r o s s t h e r a n g e o f m i l i t a r y
opera tions. Over th e past severa l years,
m i l i t a r y o p e r a t i o n s h a v e g r a v i t a t e d
towards th e lower end of this spectrum an d
have involved US forces in missions, such
as peacekeeping and peace enforcement ,
where the ROE are inherently restrictive.
NLW are designed to address the special
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s l o w - i n t e n s i t yenv i ronm en t . They p rov ide t ool s t h a t
enab l e t he i nd i v i dua l , t eam , o r un i t t o
anticipate and/or respond to provocation
with more appropriate means tha n t hrough
th e use of deadly force. Essen tia lly, NLW
p r o v i d e U S f o r c e s w i t h a n e a r - t e r m
capabili ty for effectively controll ing the
n o n t r a d i t i o n a l b a t t l e f i e l d , w i t h i n t h e
constraints levied by ROE, by mitigating
c a s u a l t i e s a n d m i n i m i z i n g c o l l a t e r a l
damage.
2. System Description
The serv ices are p rocur ing versa t i l e
packages of NLW comprised of commercial
off-the-shelf (COTS) and government off-
th e-shelf (GOTS) equipmen t an d mun itions.
Advanced developmental technologies are
a l s o be i ng exp l o red fo r fu t u re p ro -
c u r e m e n t s . I n a d d i t i o n t o a d d r e s s i n g
cont ingency requi rements , the serv ices
N L W c a p a b i l i t y s e t s a d d r e s s t r a i n i n g
requiremen ts by providing limited sust ain-ment t raining ammun ition a nd appropriate
sustainment training equipment.
The gene r i c NLW capab i l i t y s e t s
components (Appendix A) can be divided
in to four d i s t inc t ca tegor ies : personnel
protectors ; personnel effectors ; miss ion
enha ncers; an d training devices. Personnel
effectors are the NLW in the set.
Personnel Protectors. Personnel pro-t e c t o r s i n c l u d e i t e m s s u c h a s f a c e
shields a nd r iot shields th at protect
t h e i n d i v i d u a l f r o m b l u n t t r a u m a
injuries infl icted by thrown objects ,
clubs, etc.
P e r s o n n e l E ffe ct o r s . P e r s on n e l
ef fec tors inc lude i t ems such as r io t
b a t o n s , s t i n g b a l l g r e n a d e s , p e p p e r
spra ys, and kinetic rounds, designed to,
at a minimum, discourage, or at most,
incapacitate individuals or groups.
Mission E nha ncers . Mission enh an cers
include items such a s bullhorns, comba t
optics, spotlights, and caltrops. These
items are designed to facilitate target
i den t i f i ca t i on and c rowd con t ro l .
Addi t ional ly , these i t ems prov ide a
l i m i t ed ab i l i t y t o a f f ec t veh i cu l a r
movement.
Train ing Devices . Tra ining devices
include i tems such as t raining sui ts ,
t r a i n i n g b a t o n s , a n d i n e r t p e p p e r
sprays. They are designed to facilitate
realistic hands-on scenario training in
preparation for operations.
a. System Relationsh ips an d In ter/
In tr aopera bility. The gener ic NLW cap-
a b i l i t y s e t i s d e s i g n e d t o p r o v i d e a n
i n f a n t r y b a t t a l i o n - s i z e d e l e m e n t w i t h
l i m i t ed , t ac t i ca l l y dep l oyab l e NLW.
Fielding of this capability set enhances theo p e r a t i o n o f s y s t e m s a n d e q u i p m e n t
a l ready f i e lded and p lanned wi th in the
j oi n t com m u n i t y. The gene r i c NLW
capability set components are compatible
wi th mi l i t a ry equipment tha t i s a l ready
f i e l d e d o r p l a n n e d f o r f u t u r e u s e .
Capabili ty set munitions are either hand-
thrown or can be fired from 12-gauge (ga)
shotguns or 40 mill imeter (mm) grenade
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laun chers. Other items in the generic NLW
capability set comprise personal protective
gear and support equipment, such as gas
launch adapt ers for the 12-ga shotgun. In
a l l i n s t a n c e s , t h e c o m p o n e n t s o f t h e
capabi l i ty se t a re t echnica l ly unsophis -
t i c a t e d a n d s u p p o r t a b l e w i t h c u r r e n t
military logistic capabilities.
b. Equ ipment Replaced. No equipmen tis replaced by the generic NLW capability
set. The operat iona l int ent of th e capa bility
set is to augment a ba tta lion-sized unit with
t h e r e q u i r e d N L W m u n i t i o n s a n d
equipment to enhance its force projection
capa bi l i ty. The NLW capa bi l i ty se t i s
add i t i ona l equ i pm en t t ha t w i l l r equ i r e
incorporation into lift and load planning.
c. Capa bility Increa se. With the excep-tion of l imited capabili ty within mili tary
police units, the services do not possess an
organ ic NLW capa bility. When fielded, th e
NLW capability set will provide US forces
with the appropriate weapons, munitions,
a n d e q u i p m e n t t o e m p l o y a r a n g e o f
nonleth al options. NLW capability sets will
au gment existing letha l capabilities. The
roles, missions, and quantities of existing
lethal weapons systems a re n ot r eplaced by
nonlethal capabilities.
3. Organization
Organizational structure is not antici-
p a t e d t o c h a n g e a s a r e s u l t o f N L W
capability sets being added t o th e inventory.
a . Sys tem Locat ion /Dis t r ibu t ion . The
g e n e r i c c a p a b i l i t y s e t i s i n t e n d e d t o
provide an interim NLW capability to the
US forces fo r t ra in ing and cont ingency
operat ions. The locations an d distr ibution
procedures for NLW capabili ty sets have
b e e n p l a n n e d f o r U S M a r i n e C o r p s(USMC), US Army (USA), and US Air F orce
(USAF) procur ements but not for U S Na vy
(USN) system s. The USMC will distr ibute
14 NLW capab i l i t y s e t s t o t he g round
combat elements (GCE) of the t hr ee Marine
expedi t ionary forces (MEFs) . The USA
plan s t o field compan y NLW capa bility set s
to the active divisions a nd r etain a limited
nu mber of sets as contingen cy stock. The
USAF is m odern izing set s for security force
uni ts .
b. NLW Capabi l i ty Set Compos i t ion .
The US MC NLW capa bility set is compr ised
of 33 component s (Appendix A). Thir teen
items can be classified as ammunition or
i t e m s t h a t h a v e s p e c i a l s t o r a g erequi rements and wi l l be main ta ined a t
am mun ition storage facilities. Five items
are classified as either serialized weapons,
SL-3 components to weapons , o r i t ems
inherently dangerous to others and will be
m ai n t a i ned i n o rgan i za t i ona l a rm or i e s .
(No te: SL-3 i s a USMC term to descr ibe
eq u i p m en t t h a t i s s econ d a r y t o t h e m a i n
equipment , such as c l eaning equipment ,
t r i pods , e t c . The equiva l en t t erm used by
t h e U S A r m y i s b a s i c - i s s u e i t e m s l i s t
[BIIL] ) . S i x t e e n i t e m s a r e e q u i p m e n t -related i tems and wil l be maintained in
un it supply wareh ouses. In all insta nces,
t hes e i t em s w i l l r em a i n i n app rop r i a t e
storage facilities unless issued for training
or con t i n g e n cy op e r a t i o n s . T h e s a m e
procedures remain true for units deployed
aboard amphibious ready group shipping.
A m m u n i t i o n s t o r a g e w i l l b e d i v i d e d
b e t w e e n d e s i g n a t e d l a n d i n g f o r c e
operat iona l reserve mater ial (LFORM) an d
t r a i n i n g a m m u n i t i o n s t o r a g e c o m p a r t -
men ts. Specific un it ta ble of equipmen t
(T/E) to be affected will be determined by
MEF commanders.
c. Per sonnel Requirem ent s. To dat e no
change or increase in military occupational
specialt y (MOS) codes ha s been det erm ined
in order to field, operate, and maintain the
NLW capability set. However, MEF special
operations training groups (SOTGs) will
poss ib ly requi re up to th ree addi t ional
individuals each to conduct appropriatet r a i n i ng fo r M ar i ne exped i t i ona ry un i t
(MEU) special operations capable (SOC)
units rotating through the unit deployment
cyc l e . I f t hes e add i t i ons occu r , con -
s i d e r a t i o n s h o u l d b e g i v e n t o t h e
development of another secondary MOS to
accommodate individuals who specialize in
th e NLW ar ea. Additiona lly because units
other than MEUs are anticipated to train
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wi t h and po t en t i a l l y em p l oy NLW,
individuals within other MEF organ izat ions
ma y also be identified as tra iners. This
action m ay r equire an increase of manpower
within other structures, or i t may lead to
the appointing of secondary NLW MOSs.
Secondary NLW MOS instructor trainer is
recommen ded in the progra m of instru ction(POI) for the NLW instructor course found
in Appendix C of th is documen t. The USA
wi l l no t c rea te any new MOSs bu t may
assign i t as an additional skil l identifier
(ASI). The USAF will not crea te an y new
Air Force specialt y codes (AFSCs) or special
identifiers.
d. Mission Requirements/Tactical Struc-
ture.
(1) The miss ion requirements and
tactical structure pertinent to the employ-
men t of th e NLW capability set componen ts
w i l l v a r y d e p e n d i n g u p o n t h e t y p e o f
cont ingency and subsequent task organ-
iza t ion of the employing un i t . Miss ion
requ iremen ts, der ived from comm an der s
guidance, should be satisfied through the
app rop r i a t e com bi na t i on o f l e t ha l and
nonlethal capabilities.
(2) NLW pr ovide US forces with a
means of shaping their area of operation
beyond traditional verbal threats, shows
of force, or risky riot control formations,
and s ho r t o f em p l oy i ng dead l y fo rce .However, i t is imperative that US forces
retain the means and are ready to employ
le tha l fo rce in the event tha t nonle tha l
force fails to achieve desired outcomes. For
example, NLW employment may provoke a
l e t h a l r e s p o n s e f r o m t h e a d v e r s a r y .
W i t h o u t t h e i m m i n e n t t h r e a t o f l e t h a l
force, nonlethal munitions will prove to be
l e s s e f f ec t i ve and pos s i b l y even
coun t e r p roduc t i ve . M ore i m por t a n t l y,
denying US forces a letha l capa bility would
p l a ce t h e m a t u n a c ce p t a b l e r i s k . I f
nonlethal force is employed without the
threat of lethal force, then the belligerent
ma y opt to exploit a perceived vulnera bility.
The use of NLW then becomes counter-
p r o d u c t i v e , b e c a u s e i t s e r v e s o n l y t o
a g g r a v a t e t h e t h r e a t a n d c a u s e s t h e
situation to deteriorate.
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Chapter III
CAPABILITIES OF NONLETHAL WEAPONS
1. Applicability Across the Range ofMilitary Operations
The range of mil i tary operat ions has
various levels of combat intensity, and
NLW provide one more option to deal with
th e varying inten si ty . MOOTW ma y be
f o u n d a c r o s s t h e r a n g e o f m i l i t a r y
opera t ions and of ten inc lude s i tua t ions
where noncombat an ts ar e mingled with t he
adversaries or involved in acts of violence,
s u c h a s r i o t i n g or l oot i n g . I n s u c h
circumstances, NLW provide commanders
the f lexibi l i ty to influence the s i tuat ion
f a v o r a b l y w i t h r e d u c e d r i s k o f
n o n com b a t a n t fa t a l it i e s a n d c ol la t e r a l
dam age. NLW also provide a mean s by
which to ascertain the intent of individua ls/
bell igerents.
a . T h e n ee d t o r e d u ce t h e r is k s of
serious injury to personnel is not limited
to crowd cont ro l scenar ios . In mi l i t a ryoperations on urbanized terrain (MOUT),
some of the local civil ian populace may
remain in an urban area in the mids t o f
bat t le . The t r adi t ional solut ion to such
challenges has been the implementation of
res t r ict ive ROE. Nonletha l capabi l i t ies
may provide commanders the flexibility to
adapt a f luid approach to MOUT, which
allows their subordinates the freedom of
ac t i on t o em p l oy app rop r i a t e l eve l s o f
mea sur ed militar y force to accomplish th eir
mission.
b. An ot h e r e x a m p le of N LW
a p p l i c a t i o n s i n M O O T W i s i n p e a c e
enforcement. In th ese opera tions, NLW are
us ed i n an a rea den i a l ro l e t o s epa ra t e
bel l igerents wi thout resort ing to deadly
f or c e . T h e y a r e a l s o u s e d t o s u p p o r t
h u m a n i t a r i a n r e l i e f o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n
protecting food and medical distribution
sites.
c. C u r r e n t N LW pr ov id e a li m it e d
capability to address the range of military
operat ions. Ultim at ely, NLW will evolve
t o e n c o m p a s s o t h e r , m o r e a d v a n c e d
t e c h n o l o g i e s t h a t w i l l i m p r o v e t h e i r
operational effectiveness and expand their
app licat ions. For examp le, directed ener gy
an d acoustic NLW that a re cur rent ly under
development may provide the means toachieve this ultimate capability.
2. Core Capabilities
Core capabilities ar e those fun damen ta l
competencies tha t enab le us to ach ieve
desired operat iona l outcomes. In th e case
of NLW, th is equa tes to pr oviding a flexible
m eans o f r e s pons e i n o rde r t o p ro t ec t
friendly forces and/or influence the actions
o f p o t e n t i a l a d v e r s a r i e s a n d n o n -combat an ts. These goals can be achieved
without resorting to lethal force and in a
m a n n e r t h a t w i l l m i n i m i z e c o l l a t e r a l
dam age. The core capabilities ass ociat ed
with nonlethal effects fall into two major
c a t e g o r i e s : c o u n t e r p e r s o n n e l a n d
countermateriel .
a . Counterpersonnel Capabil it i es .
(1) N on l e t h a l cou n t e r p e r s on n e l
c a p a b i l i t i e s e n a b l e t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f militar y force with r educed risk of fat alities
or serious casu alties am ong noncombat an ts
or even, in some instances, among enemy
forces. Ther e are several specific nonleth al
c o u n t e r p e r s o n n e l c a p a b i l i t i e s t o b e
explored. These include th e mea ns to
influence the behavior and activities of a
potentially host i le crowd, as wel l as the
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capability to bring a mob engaged in a riot
u n d e r con t r o l. W h i le t h e r e a r e m a n y
similarit ies in these two scenarios, each
involves un ique chal lenges , which may
require radically different solutions.
(2) US forces require the capa bility
t o i n c a p a c i t a t e p e r s o n n e l . F o r t h epurposes of this document, incapacitation
is achieved when weapons effects result in
physical inabi l i ty (real or perceived) or
mental disinclination to act in a hostile or
thr eatening mann er. In keeping with the
gu i d i ng p r i nc i p l e s fo r NLW, t h i s
incapacitation should be readily reversible,
p r e f e r a b l y , s e l f - r e v e r s i n g t h r o u g h t h e
pas sage of time. While th e focus, at least
initially, will be on capabilities that affect
groups of people, NLW will also provide
capabi l i t i es to incapaci ta te ind iv idual s
without affecting those nearby.
(3) US forces r equ i r e a non le t ha l
capability to deny personnel access to an
ar ea. This capa bility can include th e use of
physical barriers or systems that produce
physical or mental discomfort to those who
e n t e r t h e d e n i e d a r e a . N o n e x p lo s iv e
nonlethal area denial technologies would
l i ke l y be exem pt f rom t he r e s t r i c t i ons
app lied to convent iona l land mines. Thu s,t hey can p rov i de new pos s i b i l i t i e s fo r
barr ier planning in any type of mil i tary
operation.
(4) US forces r equ i r e a non le t ha l
capabi l ity to seize personn el . This may
include some combination of technologies
i n h e r e n t i n o t h e r c o r e c a p a b i l i t i e s .
I n c a p a c i t a t i o n m e t h o d s o r t h e u s e o f
entangling devices, such as those designed
f o r a r e a d e n i a l , m a y a i d i n s e i z i n g
personnel. This capa bili ty is intended toa u g m e n t l e t h a l m e a n s u s e d t o c a p t u r e
s p e c i f i e d i n d i v i d u a l s , s u c h a s e n e m y
combatants or persons who are inciting a
mob or crowd to violence.
(5) US forces r equ i r e a non le t ha l
capability to clear facilities and structures
o f pe r s onne l . Th i s ap p l i ca t i on w i l l
facil i tate MOUT by reducing the risks of
noncom ba t a n t cas ua l t i es a nd col la t e r a l
damage while simultaneously minimizing
t h e a d v a n t a g e s t o a n e n e m y w h o i s
defending in a built-up area.
b. Countermater ie l Capabi li t ies .
(1) N on l e t h a l cou n t e r m a t e r i e l
capabili t ies would enhance operations by
r e n d e r i n g e q u i p m e n t a n d f a c i l i t i e s
un usable without complete destr uction. A
nonlethal countermateriel capabili ty will
enable the employment of military force to
defuse potentially volatile situations under
circumstances in where more destructive
conventional mili tary means might prove
coun t e r p roduc t i ve . Fo r exam p l e , p r e -
e m p t i v e s t r i k e s a g a i n s t t r o u b l e s o m e ,
a g g r e s s i v e n a t i o n s m a y b e p o l i t i c a l l y
u n a c c e p t a b l e w h e n o n l y c o n v e n t i o n a l
weapons, with their attendant high risk of
personnel casu alties, ar e involved. With
non l e t ha l coun t e rm a t e r i e l capab i l i t i e s ,
however, an enem ys ability to th rea ten its
neighbors could be curtailed with far less
political risk by attacking only weapons of
war and their supporting infrastructure.
(2) The j oi n t NLW app r oach w i l l
focus on th ree speci f i c countermater ie lcapa bilities. US Forces require a nonletha l
capability to deny vehicles to air, land, and
sea ar eas . This requi rement app l ies to
w h e e l e d , t r a c k e d , a n d s u r f a c e e f f e c t s
vehicles, as well as aircraft on the ground.
Ph ysical bar riers or systems t ha t a rt ificially
reduce the trafficability of terrain may be
included in this requirement.
(3) US forces require the ability to
disable ships and other marit ime vessels
or deny their entr y into ta rgeted areas. USforces also require an enhanced ability to
d i s a r m p e r s o n n e l o r d i s a b l e m a r i t i m e
vessels to facilitate boarding.
(4) US forces requi re a nonle tha l
c a p a b i l i t y t o d i s a b l e o r n e u t r a l i z e
equipm ent an d facilities. This capability
encompasses a wide range of subcategories
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limited only by the variety of the types of
equipment to be ta rgeted. Some examples
a r e s y s t e m s t h a t a l t e r c o m b u s t i o n
p rope r t i e s o f fue l s o r t he v i s cos i t y o f
l u b r i c a n t s a n d s y s t e m s t h a t c a u s e t h e
embr itt lemen t or decay of ma ter iels. In
addi t ion , subs tances tha t a t t ack rubber
tires, gaskets, or hoses and those that actas adhesives or fusing metal parts are also
required.
3. Limitations
The limitations of NLW are conceptual,
phys ica l , an d ta c t i ca l . The conceptu al
l imitation is that polit ical leadership and
media personnel may misunders tand the
appropriate applications of NLW across the
ra nge of militar y operat ions. The incorr ect
perception that NLW will allow wars and
M O O T W t o b e p r o s e c u t e d w i t h o u t
c a s u a l t i e s m a y l e a d t o c o n f l i c t i n g
expectations between political and military
leader s. These conflicts could resu lt in US
forces being vulnerable to misplaced or
inconsist ent ROE . All leader s, political an d
militar y, involved in pla nn ing an d execut ing
mi l i t a ry miss ions mus t unders tand tha t
t h e r e i s n o s u c h t h i n g a s n o n l e t h a l
operations.
The phys i ca l l i m i t a t i ons o f cu r ren t
NLW are their short range, brief effects,
an d t he r elative ease by which experienced
combatan t s o r be l l igeren t s can counter
th eir effects. The curr ent NLW capability
set can also be lethal if improperly applied.
Tact ica l l imi ta t ions inc lude the loss o f
momentu m or tem po th at m ay occur during
t he t r an s i t i on f rom non l e t ha l t o l e t ha l
force. These types of limita tions mu st be
o v e r c o m e b y c o n t i n u a l t r a i n i n g a n d
opera t ional exper ience , which wi l l a l so
instill confidence in using NLW systems.
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Chapter IV
TRAINING WITH THE NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITY SET
1. Fundamental Concepts and Training
RequirementsThe successful accomplishment of any
operation in which nonlethal measures are
employed requires extensive preparation,
of which individual, unit, medical support
p e r s o n n e l , a n d t e a m t r a i n i n g a r e v i t a l
par ts. Tra ining should be designed to give
individuals an understanding of the entire
subject area and enable them to function
efficiently, individually, and as members of
a unit. This tr aining must be int ensive an d
rea listic. Trainin g with th e NLW capabilityset is cri t ical if these weapons are to be
employed with confidence. The tr ain ing
f low should betra in ins t ruc tors t ra in
stafftrain unitexercise.
I n i t i a l u n i t t r a i n i n g s h o u l d n o t b e
conducted without qual i f ied ins t ructors .
All nontype classified and COTS nonlethal
muni t ions cannot be f i red without Army
Materiel Command (AMC), Crane Naval
Weapons, or Air Force Munitions Center
a p p r ov i n g t h e t r a i n i n g co u r s e . U n i tsustainment training should be conducted
at a m inimum ann ually.
2. Training of Instructors
Verbal communicat ion sk i l l s , open-h a n d c o n t r o l t e c h n i q u e s , r i o t c o n t r o l
agen ts, effects of impa ct weapons, a nd civil
d i s t u r b a n c e t a c t i c s , t e c h n i q u e s , a n d
p r o c e d u r e s ( T T P ) a r e a r e a s t r a i n e d t o
standard at the Military Police School, Fort
McClellan , Alaba ma . The Mar ine Corpsand t he Arm y deve l oped a P rog ram o f
Instr uction (POI) for a Nonleth al In dividual
Weapons Instr uctor Course (NIWIC). This
is the only formal DOD nonlethal training
cour se. The training requirements outlined
i n t h e N I W I C r e p r e s e n t t h e m i n i m u m
tra in ing s tandards to be cons idered fori nc l u s i on i n t he deve l opm en t o f NLW
inst ru ctors . Addi t ional ly, th e US Army
Mil i t a ry Pol ice School i s develop ing a
tr aining support package tha t includes TTP
for small units, company level and below,
in the use of NLW in riot/mob control.
a. The NIWIC is offered as a 14-day
resident course at Fort McClellan and as a
nonresident course instructed by a mobile
tr aining team (MTT). The NIWIC is a tr ain
the trainer program designed to providecommanders nonlethal instructors within
th eir comma nd. The comma nder can then
t a i l o r t h e n o n l e t h a l i n s t r u c t i o n t o f i t
mission needs. The esta blishm ent of th e
service-level NIWIC serves as an assur an ce
m e a s u r e g i v i n g t h e c o m m a n d e r a
quantifiable method of certifying nonlethal
inst ru ctors. Upon completin g th e cour se,
graduates are qual i f ied ins t ructors wi th
cer t i f i ca t ions in communicat ion sk i l l s ,
o leores in caps icum (OC) spray , impact
weapons, and internat ional ly recognized
open-han d cont ro l t echniques . The US
A r m y w i l l a w a r d a n a d d i t i o n a l s k i l l
identifier upon successful completion of
this course.
b. NIWIC Program of Instruction.A p p e n d i x C i s a n e x t r a c t f r o m a
com prehens i ve POI deve l oped f rom
l e s s o n s l e a r n e d d u r i n g r e c e n t d e p l o y -
ment s. Ea ch ann ex within Appendix C has
a lesson plan complete with handouts andtr aining aids. The int ent of this POI is to
produce competent ins t ructors , who wil l
return to their uni t wi th al l the t raining
materials and training aids needed to meet
different NLW training requirements.
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3. Nonlethal Training Topics forDeploying Units
The fo l l owi ng 11 t op i c s have been
ident i f ied as essent ial t raining for uni ts
deploying with nonlethal capabilities and
are part of the NIWIC curriculum:
a. Force Continuum . The subcourse is
a n i n t r o d u c t i o n t o t h e f e d e r a l f o r c e
cont inuum model as out l ined by Marine
Corps Or der (MCO) 5500.6F,Armin g of Law
Enforcement an d S ecurity Personn el and the
Use of Deadly Force (or o ther serv ice
order s). Levels of re sista nce, ident ifying
t he p rope r l eve l s o f fo rce , and how
non l e t ha l t echno l og i es a f f ec t fo rce
cont inuum are the min imum top ics tha t
should be covered.
b. Crowd Dynam i cs /Crowd Con t ro l.
T h e s u b c o u r s e , a n i n t r o d u c t i o n t o t h e
d i f ferences be tween crowds , mobs , and
r i o t s , t eaches t he s t uden t bas i c c rowd
c o n t r o l t e c h n i q u e s t h a t w i l l b e e a s i l y
applied to various situ at ions. The student
should be fami l iar ized wi th t ac t i cs and
techniques (as found in Field Manual [FM]
1 9 - 1 5 , F l e e t M a r i n e F o r c e M a n u a l
[ F M F M ] 1 - 3 , F M F M 6 , a n d T r a i n i n g
Circular [TC] 90-1) but will also consider
nontraditional and small unit application.
c. C om m u n i ca t i o n S k i ll s . T h e s u b -course is an introduction to the stages of
confl ict management , verbal aggress ion,
n o n v e r b a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n , p h y s i c a l
aggression, physiological diversions, and
proper mental conditioning. The first NLW
skill an individual must have is the ability
to comm un icat e. Gener al A. M. Gray, form er
Comma ndan t of th e Marine Corps, said, A
warriors m ost form idable weapon is h is
mind . Th e result s of an individuals ment al
processes are evident through actions and
words, and the words and communication
skills in dealing with people are truly the
first line of nonlethal options.
d. Oleoresin Capsicum Aerosol Tra in-ing. The su bcour se is an introduction to the
uses o f OC/pepper spray and o ther r io t
cont rol agents. The stu dent should ha ve
a n a p p r e c i a t i o n f o r d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n
requirements, storage, and shelf life of OC.
Legal and tactical considerations will also
be t a ugh t . Al l OC t r a i n i n g s hou l d be
certified by existing tr aining programs tha t
include live agent training.
e. Open-Hand Contr ol. The subcoursei s a n i n t r o d u c t i o n t o p r e s s u r e - p o i n t
control techniques, unarmed self-defense
measures , weapon re ten t ion t echniques ,
a n d o t h e r s u b m i s s i o n / r e s t r a i n t / s e a r c h
techniqu es. H an dcuffing/flexcuffing should
be covered for contact team members.
f. Impact Weapons. In this subcourse,
s tudents are taught how to use the r igid
straight baton, collapsible straight batons,
side handle batons, or riot control batons.
g. In t r oduc t ion t o Mi li t a ry Work i ng
Dogs. The subcour se is an int roduction to
the role of military working dogs and the
p o t e n t i a l s u p p o r t a v a i l a b l e t o f o r c e s
requ i r i ng non l e t ha l fo rce op t i ons (FM
19-10, AFM 31-202).
h . ROE, Law of War , Cons t i tu t iona l
Seizure. The subcour se is an intr oduction
to the ROE, l aw of war , cons t i tu t ional
se izure , and the i r re la t ionsh ips (DODD5100.77, FM 27-10, NWP 1-14M/MCWP
5-2 .1 / COM DTPUB P5800 .7 , and DA
Pamphlet 27-1).
i. Non l et ha l M un it i ons and E m ploy -
ment . The subcour se is an introduction to
t h e c a p a b i l i t i e s a n d e m p l o y m e n t o f
ava ilable nonleth al weapons. When firing
nonlethal muni t ions , t ransi t ion to lethal
munitions for familiarization will follow.
Students participate in live-fire exercises
as outlined in Tables IV-1 through IV-7.
j. Barr iers/Ph ysical Secur ity Measur es.
The subcour se is an intr oduction t o barriers
an d physical secur ity measur es available to
tact ical forces . These measures comple-
ment the use of nonletha l force or mitigate
t h e n e e d f o r d e a d l y f o r c e . A n u n d e r -
standing of proper emplacement of caltrop
and foam are recommended.
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IV-3
Table IV-2. 40mm Wood Baton Round
FAMILIARIZATION TABLE
ROUNDS # TARGET GO/NO GO
2 E-Silhouette
20m
2 E-Silhouette
15m
1 E-Silhouette
10m
5 5.56mm
Transition @ 10m
Table IV-3. 40mm Stinger Round (60 Caliber)
Table IV-4. 12-ga Bean Bag Round
FAMILIARIZATION TABLE
ROUNDS # TARGET GO/NO GO
2 E-Silhouette20m
2 E-Silhouette
15m
1 E-Silhouette
10m
5
5.56mm
Transition @ 10m
FAMILIARIZATION TABLE
ROUNDS # TARGET GO/NO GO
2 E-Silhouette
20m
2 E-Silhouette
15m
1 E-Silhouette
10m
5
12-ga 00 Buck/7 Shot
Transition @ 10m
FAMILIARIZATION TABLE
ROUNDS # TARGET GO/NO GO
2 E-Silhouette
20m
2 E-Silhouette
15m
1 E-Silhouette10m
5 5.56mm
Transition @ 10m
Table IV-1. 40mm Foam Baton Round
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IV-4
Table IV-6. 12-ga Rubber Pellet Round
Table IV-7. Stinger Grenade
FAMILIARIZATION TABLE
ROUNDS # TARGET GO/NO GO
2 E-Silhouette
20m
2 E-Silhouette
15m1 E-Silhouette
10m
5
12-ga 7 shot/00 Buck
Transition @ 10m
k. Tactics. The subcourse is an intro-
duction to tactics as outlined in Ch apt er V,
para graph 5. MOUT and tactics tra ining
requ i r e s c l o s e l eade r i nvo l vem en t . US
Army Training and Doctrine Command is
developing training support packages that
will include company level and below TTP.
See Appendix D for sample 9-day uni t -training schedule covering these 11 topics.
5. Unit Training
a. The NIWIC is primarily designed to
p r o d u c e i n s t r u c t o r s w h o w i l l t r a i n
individuals in the use and employment of
NLW. Collective unit t actical tra ining is the
un its r espons ibility; however, a 9-day NLW
example schedule based on NIWIC tra ining
is provided in Appendix D. Units should
conduc t co l l ec t i ve t r a i n i ng be fo re
d e p l o y i n g w i t h N L W . U n i t s t a n d i n g
operat ing procedures (SOPs) and tact icsm a y n e e d a d j u s t i n g t o a l l o w f o r t h e
employmen t of th is new equipmen t. All unit
collective training should include nonlethal
options and decision making.
b. S i m u l a t i on T ra i n i ng . The goa l of
simulation training should be to reinforce
cur rent tr aining cour ses. The Mar ine Corps
Comm an dan ts War fighting Labora tory at
FAMILIARIZATION TABLE
ROUNDS # TARGET GO/NO GO
2
Hand Thrown
E-Silhouette 20/40m
1Shotgun Launched
E-Silhouette
40m
5
12-ga 7 Shot/00 Buck
Transition @ 40m
Table IV-5. 12-ga Wood Baton Round
FAMILIARIZATION TABLE
ROUNDS # TARGET GO/NO GO
2 E-Silhouette
20m
2 E-Silhouette
15m
1 E-Silhouette10m
5
12-ga 7 shot/00 Buck
Transition @ 10m
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IV-5
Quan tico, Virginia, ha s a comput er t ra ining
simulation system designed to train small
unit leaders in t he a pplicat ion of nonletha l
capabi l i t ies . Given a s i tuat ion, miss ion
sta tement , and ROE, the student will equip
and place fire teams to conduct checkpoint
operations and react to stimulus/events in
a three-dimensional (3-D) representation ofa MOUT site. Curr ently, th ere is a similar
simulation system at the Human Systems
Center at Brooks Air Force Base, Texas,
that can be used for tactics development of
dir ected en ergy NLW. Also, th e Air F orces
F o r c e P r o t e c t i o n B a t t l e L a b o r a t o r y a t
Lack l and A i r Fo rce Bas e , Texas , i s
establishing a similar comput er simu lation
facility. F ina lly, th e DOD is cond uctin g an
ongoing effort to develop other computer
simulation systems.
6. Leader Training
Commanders , uni t leaders , and s taff
members also require NLW training before
deploying. FM 19-15 covers all as pects of
c i v i l d i s t u r b a n c e a n d i s r e l e v a n t i n
providing guidan ce for the comma nder an d
staff.
a. An u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t h e t o pi cs
covered in the NIWIC is recommended.
However they should also possess an in-
depth understa nding of the ROE th at m ust
be implement ed an d enforced as well as th e
politics, culture, and demographics of the
ar ea to which th ey ar e deploying. Becau se
of the in ternat ional a t t en t ion tha t NLW
rece i ve , j un i o r t roops a s we l l a s
commanders should a l so rece ive media
tr aining. Fr om the beginning, comma nders
should involve their public affairs officers
i n NLW m i s s i on p l ann i ng . Supp l y and
logistic staff members also require trainingin NLW maintenance and environmental
i s s u e s u n i q u e t o t h e e q u i p m e n t b e i n g
deployed.
b. C h a p t e r V ou t l in e s s e ve n t a s k s
w h e r e N L W a r e w e l l s u i t e d . D u r i n g
exercises both units and staffs should focus
on six of the seven tasks: crowd control,
incapaci ta t ing personnel , a rea den ia l to
b o t h p e r s o n n e l a n d v e h i c l e s , s e i z e
personnel, and clear facilities of personnel.
Disable/neutralize vehicles/aircraft are not
easily tra ined tasks during exercises. This
l i s t i s no t a l l - i nc l u s i ve and s hou l d bemodified based on mission, enemy, terrain
and weather, troops and support available,
time available (METT-T).
c. W h e n e v er N LW a r e e m p loy ed
du r i ng t r a i n i ng , l e t ha l capab i l i t y m us t
alwa ys be in place. Troops must a lways be
prepared to protect themselves as required
w i t h a l e t h a l r e s p o n s e b e c a u s e i t i s
i m p o s s i b l e t o a c c u r a t e l y p r e d i c t t h e
response of an individual or mob.
d. Leaders , medical personnel , public
affairs r epresenta tives, an d personnel from
th e St aff J udge Advocate (SJA) office sh ould
be involved in exercises wh en possible. This
wil l give the medical personnel a bet ter
understanding of OC decontamination and
the possible injur ies they ma y encoun ter as
a resu lt of NLW employment . The public
affai rs and SJA special is ts also need to
u n d e r s t a n d h o w t h e s e n e w t o o l s a r e
employed in o rder to be t t er adv ise thecomman der on media matt ers an d ROE.
7. Summary
In summary, here are some real-world
lessons captured from recent conflicts that
should never be overlooked or assumed
during training:
a. Never apply a NLW in a si tuation
where deadly force is appropriate.
b. Neverapply NLW in a situat ion t ha t
will place troops in undue danger.
c. Always cover a NLW weapon with
deadly force.
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V-1
Chapter V
EMPLOYMENT OF THE NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITY
1. Background
Fundamental to employing NLW is a
t h o r o u g h u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e f o r c e
cont inuu m. As s ta ted before, nonletha l
c a p a b i l i t i e s p r o v i d e a w i d e r r a n g e o f
options that augment traditional means of
dead l y fo rce bu t do no t r ep l ace t hem .
Nonlethal alternatives allow a commander
to increase and decrease the amount o f
force applied to accomplish a m ission. The
force continu um is gener ally cont inuous a nd
seamless, yet a car eful examina tion revealsfive broad categories listed below:
a. T h r e a t s . T h e f o r c e c o n t i n u u m
begins with threats . These can be ei ther
implied or expressed. An implied th rea t
may be manifes ted through presence by
forming into r iot cont rol form at ions, fixing
b a y o n e t s , or d on n i n g g a s m a s k s . An
expressed threa t occur s when a comma nder
ma kes kn own th e consequ ences of defiance.
b. Denial Options. Denial options areusually placed in highly visible areas and
ar e often mar ked with placards. Examples
may include concertina, caltrops, barbed
wire , foams enhanced wi th OC (pepper
spray), or other obstacles.
c. M u n i t i o n s t h a t C a u s e P h y s i c a l
Discomfort/ Incapacitate. Muni t ions tha t
cause physical discomfort but fall short of
inflicting trauma include flashbangs,
t ear
gas, and OC. Alth ough the discomfort ori n j u r y m a y b e s u b s t a n t i a l l y l e s s t h a n
concertina,
th e employmen t of th ese options
require a decis ion to intervene. Factors
such as t r a in ing , d i sc ip l ine , p r e jud ices ,
emotions and judgment all play a part in
their application and require their use to
be viewed closely and judiciously.
d. M u n i t i o n s t h a t I n f l i c t T r a u m a .
Munitions that inflict trauma will inflict
painful injuries that may last from several
hours to several days . These mun i t ions
c o n s t i t u t e t h e u p p e r e n d o f n o n l e t h a l
o p t i o n s w i t h i n t h e f o r c e c o n t i n u u m .
Examples m ight include bat ons, st ingballs,
beanbag, foam and pellet rounds.
e. Lethal Weapons. Lethal weapons
ar e the highest on the spectr um. Although
the particular conditions that merit deadly
fo rce s hou l d be des c r i bed i n t he ROE,lethal options should always be regarded
as part of the force spectrum and not as
a separa te option altogether. This avoids
ambiguity and confusion as to when lethal
weapons are authorized.
Nonle tha l methods and capabi l i t i es
may include the use of common materials
a n d e x i s t i n g s y s t e m s t h a t w e r e n o t
designed as NLW, but they can achieve the
des i red resu l t o f min imizing fa ta l i t i es ,
p e r m a n e n t i n j u r y t o p e r s o n n e l , a n du n d e s i r e d d a m a g e t o p r o p e r t y a n d t h e
environmen t. However, th is chapter will
limit itself primarily to the use of weapons
and components expl ici t ly designed and
p r i m a r i l y e m p l o y e d u n d e r t h e N L W
capability. This focus is not inten ded to
l i m i t t h e c om m a n d e r s o p t i on t o u s e
whatever is avai lable to accomplish the
mission without lethality.
2. Mission Planning Factors
The fundamental principles of mission
p l a n n i n g a r e n o t c h a n g e d b y t h e
incorpora tion of NLWs int o a plan . NLW
a r e i n t e n d e d a s a n o p e r a t i o n a l
e n h a n c e m e n t . T h e f ir s t co n ce r n of a
commander is the successful completion of
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t h e m i s s i on . R O E a r e cr i t i c a l i n t h e
comm an der s plannin g to determin e the
appropriate use of nonlethal and deadly
force. The availabil i ty of NLW does not
re l i eve the force f rom i t s ob l iga t ion to
defend itself; th erefore, it mu st be equipped
and t rained with both letha l and nonletha l
means.
3. NLW Tasks
The NLW tasks were derived from the
commander in chief's and service's mission
needs statements. These tasks are
Control crowds.
Incapacitat e personnel.
Table V-1. Crowd Control
Deny an area to personnel.
Deny an ar ea t o vehicles.
Disable/neutralize vehicles aircraft,vessels, an d facilities.
Seize personnel.
Clear facilities of personnel.
These tasks ar e fur ther a ddressed in Tables
V- 1 t h r o u g h V- 7. T h e t a b l e s a r e n ot
intended to be all-inclusive but merely a
s t i m u l us t o p l ann i ng . The equ i pm en t
listed is ta ken from the cur rent ly available
systems designed for nonlethal purposes.
The u ser sh ould not limit nonletha l options
to this specific equipment and should be
awar e of the existing an d emerging systems
to achieve the desired mission end state.
TASKS
NLW PLANNIN G
FACTORS EQUIP MENT
EMPLOYMENT
CON SID ER ATION S N OTE S
Crowd
contro l
Admin/Personnel
SJA/claims
planning
Chaplain a ffairs
Casualty
notification
Detaineedisposition plan
PAO/media
planning Information
dissemination
Support Equipment
a . Riot face shieldb. Fu ll length r iot
shield
c. Expan dable riotbaton
d.Riflemanscomba t optic
e. Porta ble bull
horn
Distributed t o troops
in advan ce
Riot ba ton sh ould beemployed only after
proper training
Optic employed withDM to ID mob leader s
Bull horn used forcommu nicating with
crowd and t o contr olformations
ROE needs
to be
strictly
defined
NLWoptions
require
leth al cover
fire
Crowd
contro l
Intelligence
IP B
Backgroun d oncount ry an d
culture
Route/map recon
Sensor
emplacement for
advance
notification
Informa tion onmob leaders
Patr ols and
LP/OPs
Determine reasonfor t he crowd
Kinetics
a . 12 ga bean baground
b. 12 ga rubberbullet
c. 12 ga launching
cartridge
d.40mm ru bber
baton
e. 40mm woodenbaton
f. 40mm stingergrenade
g. Stun grenade
h .Flash bang
Do not employ kinet ics
at less than 20 ft due
to possible fata l
outcome
Target ar ea a t 20-40 ftshould be cent er ma ss
Head shots are not
acceptable
Kinetic round s will notbe skipped fired
Kinetics effectiveagainst selected
targets an d to disperse
individuals
M203 and shotgun ar e
NL complement ar y;
M203 has low rate of
fire, area tar get;
shotgun ha s high rat e
fire, point target
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V-3
Table V-1. Crowd Control (continued)
TASKS
NLW PLANNING
FACTORS EQUIP MENT
EMPLOYMENT
CON SID ER ATION S N OTE S
Crowd
contro l
Operations
Tactical
integrat ion of
NLW and letha l
fires
FSE plans toinclude RCA
Allocat ion of NLW
munitions
Integra tion ofNLW fires an d
maneuver
Engineer barr ier
planning
Understandmission (deny
access/disperse/
monitor)
Riot Cont rol Agent s
a. OC dispenser
b. Team OC
dispenser
c. High volumedispenser
Disrupt/dispersecrowds
Disperse RCAs t o face
an d eyes for full effect
Employ snatch teamsto apprehend
agitators
Crowd
contro l
Logistics
Distribution ofNLW supplies
Securit y of rea r
area facilities
Resupp ly of NLWmunitions
Riot Cont rol
a. Xenonsearchlight
b. Flex cu ffsc. RCA mar kers
Searchlights
dazzle/disorient
individuals (night
only)
Flex cuffs used foragitators
RCA markers ar e
used to mark
agitat ors for futu re ID
Crowd
contro l
Procurement of
medical supplies
Hospita l plann ing
Medic plann ingfor ta ctical u nits
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V-4
Table V-2. Incapacitate Personnel
TASK
NLW PLANNIN G
F ACTORS EQUIP MENT
EMPLOYMENT
CONSIDERATIONS N OTES
Incapacitate
personne l
Admin Personnel
SJA/claimsplanning
Media plan
Support Equipment
a. Riot face shield
b. Full length riot sh ield
c. Expandable riot baton
d. Rifleman s comba t
optic
Distributed t o troops in
advance
Riot baton should notbe employed to the
head
Optic employed withDM to ID mob leaders
and cover with leth alfire
Commander needs
to define in
capacitation
mission
Public dissemina-tion of NLW mu st
take a balanced
approach socountermeasures
cannot be rapidly
developed
NLW options m ustbe covered by
letha l force
Incapacitate
personne l
Intelligence
ID types ofinsurgents and
demonstrators
ID causes an dfactions
ID mob
ringleaders
Kinetics
a .12 ga bean bag round
b. 12 ga ru bber bulletc.12 ga launching
cartridge
d. 40mm ru bber batone. 40mm wooden baton
f. 40mm stinger grenade
g.Stun grenadeh .Flash bangi. M203 and shotguns
are NL
complementary; M203
ha s a low ra te of fire,
area t arget; shotgun
has a high r ate of fire,
point t arget
Do not employ kinet icsat less tha n 20 ft due to
possible fat al outcome
Target ar ea at 20-40 ftshould be center m ass
Head shots are notacceptable
Kinetic rounds will not
be skipped fired Kinetics effective
against selected t argets
and t o disperse
individuals
M203 and shotguns ar eNL complementa ry;
M203 has a low rate of
fire, area t arget;
shotgun ha s a high ra te
of fire, point ta rget
Incapacitate
personne l
Operations
Prepare andconfirm ROE
for NLW
Integrat ion ofNLW and
deadly force
Allocation ofNLW and
designat ed unit
use
Integrat ion ofNLW fires an d
maneuver
Riot Control Agent s
a .OC dispenser
b. Team OC dispenserc.High volume OC
dispenser
Disrupt/dispersecrowds
Disperse RCA to face
an d eyes for full effect
Incapacitate
personne l
Logistics
Distribution ofNLW
munitions
ID special
storagerequirements
Resupp ly of
NLW
munitions
Riot Cont rol
a. Xenon sear chlight
b. Flex cu ffs
c. Chem mar kers
Searchlights dazzle/disorient individuals
(night only)
Flex cuffs us ed foragitators
RCA mar kers are usedto mark agitators for
incapacitation
Incapacitate
personne l
Civil Affair s
Collection ofcivilian int el
Car e of injuredpersonnel
Detention ofcivilian
personnel
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V-5
Table V-3. Deny Area to Personnel
TASK
NLW PLANNING
FACTORS EQUIP MENT
EMPLOYMENT
CON SID ERATION S N OTE S
Deny area to
personnel
Admin Personnel
SJA/claimsplanning
Media plan
Support Equipmenta . Area lightsb. Area sensorsc. Night visiond. Access cont role. Warn ing signs
written in host
nation language
Ensure a rea is welllighted to include
perimeter
Night vision de vicesare generally
employed outside th e
perimeter
Positively ID accessedpersonnel
Employ warning signsin native language
Utilizeappropriate
media to warn
civilians away
from denied
area
Deny area to
personnel
Intelligence
Terrain and ma pstudy
Threat ID
Sensoremplacement
around area
IP B
Kinetics
Deny area topersonnel OperationsPrepare andconfirm ROE
Int egrat ion ofNLW and deadly
force
Allocation of NLWand designated
unit use
Determ ine scope ofmission.
Determ ine accessprocedures
Duration
Use of area
(friendly or t otaldenial)
Riot Control Agents
Deny area to
personnel
Logistics
Distribution ofNLW munitions
ID special storagerequirements
Resu pply of NLWmunitions
Security of rearar ea facilities.
Riot Control
Deny area to
personnel
Civil Affairs
Collection of
civilian intel
Entanglements
a. Caltrops
b. Tanglefootc. Ba rbed wire
d. Foams
e. Concertina/razor
tape
Disrupt/slow in tr usionat tempts
Maintain suita blereaction force
Channel passivetr affic away
Use foam to covercaltrops
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V-6
Table V-4. Deny Area to Vehicles
TASK
NLW PLANNIN G
FACTORS EQUIPMENT
EMPLOYMENT
CONS IDERATIONS N OTES
Deny area to
vehic les
Admin Personnel
SJA/claims
planning
Media pla