Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association · between Finland and Estonia in all...

Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association

Helsinki Chapter 10 years

AFCEA Helsinki Chapter 10 Years

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In this magazine:

AFCEA Helsinki Chapter 10 years........................................................... 4 Insta DefSec; Leading Finnish Defence Solutions ................................... 8 LogicaCMG; An International Defence Information Capability .............. 12 Environics; Solutions for Security ............................................................ 15 COJOT; Antennas In Unattended Ground Sensor Systems...................... 16 CISCO Unified Communications; Connecting People And Information Better For an Improved Communications Experience.......... 18 Tietosaab Systems Oy; Expertise In Defence And Security Solutions..... 20 Rohde & Schwarz; Radiomonitorointijärjestelmiä ................................... 22 Microsoft; Defence – Technology That Transforms ................................ 24 Control Express; Military Computers....................................................... 28 ASCOM; Providing Integration Ror Net-Centric Warfare ....................... 28 Savox Communications; Mission Critical Radio Interface Products And Professional Hands-Free Solutions ................................................... 32 Systimax; Mukana verkkojen kehityksessä .............................................. 34 Mastsystem; Design of Light-Weight Mast System ................................ 36 Patria; 120 mm Nemo Mortar System ...................................................... 39 Portalify; Empowering Field Operations .................................................. 40 Robonic..................................................................................................... 42 Sysopen Digia ........................................................................................... 43

Cover:

Finnish Army tactical C3I system on the move [Patria]

Editor LtCol (Eng.) Jyri Kosola

Printed in Savion Kirjapaino

October 2007


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Major General Markku Koli

Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations Many of my latest duties, like developing the Joint C4ISR System for the Finnish defence, have been closely connected to the themes of AFCEA seminars. Today sharing security and safety related information between authorities, both nationwide and internationally, is a necessary but most challenging task. It has been a relief to all of us to have the opportunity to ventilate our ideas and experiences with colleagues, scientists and industries.

AFCEA in the Nordic and Baltic countries is providing an open, professional forum to enhance cooperation between authorities from different countries. Helsinki Chapter has also brought in several world class speakers into domestic seminars to add versatility into discussion. Let me express my congratulations to the celebrating chapter. I wish all the best in the future to AFCEA Helsinki Chapter and all of AFCEA!

Brigadier General

Jukka Juusti Chief Armaments

For ten years now AFCEA Helsinki Chapter has actively been providing possibilities for open communication between innovators, providers and the procurement sector. This has been carried out by spreading information about AFCEA events abroad and by arranging luncheons and seminars, both locally and in cooperation with foreign chapters in the neighbouring countries over modern videoteleconferencing technology.

International interaction and collaboration are the best ways to have an effect on overall global stability, technical interoperability in crisis management and cutting the cost of security. That also opens windows for Finnish competences to equally contribute to the global market. I want to thank all active members of AFCEA Helsinki Chapter for their impact on developing and maintaining the international forum for technology developers, industry and decision makers. May the beginning decade be as productive!


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AFCEA HELSINKI CHAPTER 10 YEARS Ilkka Jäppinen

Since November 1997 AFCEA Helsinki Chapter has existed as a transparent interface between the Finnish professio-nals and the global AFCEA forum. This year certainly is a highlight because of the TechNet Europe 2007 Symposium and Exhibition sailing from Stockholm to Helsinki. This is probably also a good time to take a glance at the past ten years. First individual members from Finland joined AFCEA International more than 15 years ago. In those days they enrolled in the Stockholm Chapter which was the closest one. Soon there were a handful of active membership card holders who wanted to establish a local chapter in Helsinki. With a lot of support from AFCEA International and especially from the Stockholm Chapter Board the initial meeting was held and the application for charter was sent in. In the beginning military officers, engi-neers and industrial representatives were in the majority but soon also the number of government and municipal civilian memberships increased. Currently there is a balance between military and civilian authorities, industry and scientific commu-nity covering all areas of security in society. Finland shares many of the typical features of the other Nordic countries because of the common historical and cultural background. Also politically the country is very similar to Sweden. That is why it was not difficult to start close collaboration with the Stockholm Chapter. They had

already arranged several events under the name of TechNet Baltic. In the year 2001 after regular board visits and attending some of the TechNet Baltic seminars on the island of Gotland it was time to try something more challenging. TechNet Baltic 2001 was a huge effort together with chapters in Stockholm, Oslo and Helsinki as well as with many impor-tant sponsors from these countries. One of the planning seminars was also attended by LTGEN C. Norman Wood, USAF (rtd.), then President and CEO of AFCEA International. He later gave the seminar opening speech at 3 AM (US local

Chairman of the AFCEA Helsinki Chapter, Colonel (Eng.) Ilkka Jäppinen is the chief of department of Military Technology at the Finnish Military Academy.


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time) over the phone from his bedroom. He said this was the first time he was opening a conference in his pyjamas!

TechNet Baltic 2001 was a five-day, five-theme seminar with audiences in five auditoriums connected together with state of the art IP-broadband videoteleconferen-cing technology in Stockholm, Oslo, Kaunas (Lithuania), St.Petersburg and Helsinki. Additionally all the presentations were globally streamed over the Internet and there was also a virtual exhibition in the World Wide Web. Even though the five day programme and the heavy com-munications took a lot of effort the event was a great success thanks to the devoted enthusiasts, most of them in Sweden under the leadership of the Stockholm Chapter President MGen Göran De Geer, SA (rtd.).

In addition to these special achievements normal activities of the Helsinki Chapter include luncheons, seminars and helping

Finnish attendees to find their way into international AFCEA events like TechNet Europe and MILCOM. Another important function during all these years has been providing domestic conferences with highly appreciated international speakers. The list of names is almost endless so we will mention here only some of the most renowned: Colonel Alan D. Campen, USAF (rtd.), Mr. John F. Garstka (US DoD) and Dr. Henrik Friman, National Defence College, Sweden. Doctor Friman holds many positions, one of them being the Regional Vice President of the Nordic Region. His support has been continuous and invaluable indeed.

Joel Majurinen (left) accepted his life membership certificate from Colonel Jarmo Myyrä in November 2002.


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The “Number One” of the information warfare, Colonel (ret.) Alan D. Campen (USA) (left) attending an InfoWar seminar with two Swedish and two Russian IW experts in October 2000. Active contacts with Estonian authorities, universities and industry has been a natural by-product of the growing cooperation between Finland and Estonia in all areas. A couple of AFCEA seminars aboard ferries between Helsinki and Tallinn had already

been arranged when in the year 2006 it was time to establish the AFCEA Tallinn Subchapter to Helsinki Chapter. This time strong support was provided by Commo-dore Robert Howell, RN (rtd.), General Manager of AFCEA Europe. After five years from TechNet Baltic 2001 it was time to try again in March 2006. TechNet Baltic 2006 was a two-day videoteleconference with auditoriums in Stockholm, Tallinn and Helsinki. The overall subject was “Baltic cooperation for National Security”. This time the communication bandwidth between sites was the unbelievable 2,4 gigabits/second (STM16) over dedicated optical fibres by TeliaSonera Ltd. and Nimbra-codecs by Net Insight Ltd.! As you might guess video quality - as well as contents of the programme - were again far beyond the expected. Foundation of the independent AFCEA Tallinn Chapter was finally approved in mid-June 2007. It was thanks to many people but not least to Mr. Tõnu Naestema,

Well-known speakers in October 2003 in Helsinki: from left: Kalevi Halonen, Tom Johansen, Henrik Friman, John F. Garstka, Ari Puheloinen and Tapio Mustonen.


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today the Chapter President. Collaboration with the first AFCEA chapter in the Baltic countries continues at a close level.

Mikko Hyppönen from FSecure is widelyknown speaker and a long-time member of AFCEA Closest cooperation partner outside AFCEA has been from the beginning the Signal Officers’ Association in Finland. The first chapter president (1997 -1998), the late COL Heikki Nurmi, FA (rtd.), held also the presidency of that organization. COL Jarmo Myyrä, FA, developed (1998 – 2003) the chapter into much what it is today. His role has been prominent in arranging the both TechNet Baltic events, in establishing the Tallinn Chapter and in participating the European AFCEA community events. Number of names in the membership roster has changed up and down around 100, mostly depending on event activity level. There is a core population of devoted professionals and then a continuously updating list of interested people who join repeatedly again when they are going to

attend a big event. The Grand Old Man is Managing Director Joel Majurinen who joined in April 1992 and received his lifetime membership award in 2002. He has also held the Chapter Vice President’s position for several years. TechNet Europe 2007 under the theme “From Weather to Warfare” will be a window for visitors to see some of the co-operation arrangements between countries around the Baltic Sea and also a window for local attendees to meet and see inter-national colleagues and global systems, this time close to their homes. Let the luxury cruise boat and the unique archi-pelago speak for themselves! AFCEA Helsinki Chapter wishes all readers of this publication heartily welcome to visit Finland!


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INSTA DEFSEC

LEADING FINNISH DEFENCE SOLUTIONS


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AN INTERNATIONAL DEFENCE INFORMATION CAPABILITY

Roger Mendham, Defence Advisor LogicaCMG The challenges being faced by Defence in the 21st century increasingly demand international solutions. The threats being faced today are very different from those experienced during the Cold War era, with the certainty of that time being replaced by increasing uncertainty. There is uncertainty over where the next threat will emerge from, what form it will take, what response is required and how it will be countered. The one certainty is that the response to any significant threat will be multi-national in nature. The need to have legitimacy for the deployment and operation of military force is also important. To provide an effective, multi-national response to emerging threats, supra-national organisations, such as the European Community or the United Nations will increasingly be involved in the decision making process and will provide the mandate for deployed operations. As a result the international community assumes a responsibility for the successful resolution of the conflict. This inter-nationalisation has advantages as it can provide greater emphasis on conflict resolution prior to the deployment of forces, but once military operations become necessary the wider international community can contribute to the deployed force structures. This approach is demon-strated in multi-national operations in areas as diverse as Boznia-Hertzegovina, Kosovo, Iraq, Afghanistan and on a number of operations in Africa.

The Commercial Dimension The past 25 years have seen dramatic developments in technology, particularly in the areas of computers and communi-cations. These technologies have trans-formed the way information is handled in all areas of society; privately, commer-cially and increasingly in the defence environment. The ability to have the right information, in the right place, at the right time, and increasingly at the right cost, is relatively easy to achieve in the benign environment of the home or office. The real challenge is achieving this in the operational battlespace. In the majority of countries around the world satellite communications, internet and mobile phone technologies are all readily available. The key to delivering information capability in defence is pulling through commercial technologies and making them relevant to the specific needs of the complex military environment.


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One of the most significant challenges that have to be faced is the sheer pace of change. In the commercial market, techno-logy is developing at an almost frightening pace, with new products being launched on an almost daily basis. In this harsh commercial environment some develop-ments flourish, whilst others perish and this situation poses a number of challenges for defence. The Military Environment The complex nature of the communi-cations and information infrastructures that support military operations demand a level certainty, to ensure the integrity of the information services delivered to the commanders, their staffs and the forces at the sharp end of delivering military capability. The relative ‘chaos’ that exists with the internet is acceptable in the home or in certain aspects of normal office activity, but would be inappropriate for an operational headquarters operating, for example, in southern Afghanistan. This is not to say there is no scope for innovation. The key is to introduce relevant technological developments in a managed way, addressing integration and information management issues, conforming to standards and applying good configuration management prin-ciples. This is a non-trivial challenge, because the aspirations of the end-users also have to be met. A final factor is changing nature of military capability. In the cold war era numbers were really important. The effectiveness of a country’s military force tended to be measured in the scale of its resources, numbers of main battle tanks, fighter aircraft, warships etc. In the 21st century this has changed and measures of

military capability are very much influenced by technology. This is shown in the various Network Enabled Warfare, Capability, Defence, Operations etc initiatives that are underway in virtually every significant military power. The common theme is the utilisation of technology to enable the delivery of mili-tary capability through the employment of smaller, more agile, but technically advanced forces. Industry’s Response Industry has to respond to the challenge of equipping these technically advanced forces and enabling them to operate in joint and multi-national forces, and this is where companies such as LogicaCMG have a significant role to play. Whilst the traditional defence supplier continue to have an important role in providing the platforms for military operations, the delivery of information capability draws on the strengths of the information companies. LogicaCMG’s strength in high technology across multiple market sectors provides it with a breadth of capabilities that are highly relevant to today’s defence require-ments. For example, it has been involved in space programmes for over 30 years and their technology is used in military communications satellites as well as being part of the next generation of geographic positioning systems. The company has also been at the forefront of developing services that exploit the capabilities of mobile telephony. Through a combination of all of these technology capabilities innovative new services can be delivered, as shown by the Merlot series of programmes developed in Finland by WM-data, a LogicaCMG company. These deliver a comprehensive, end-to-end information


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service in support of the emergency services and prehospital care, and there are strong parallels with requirements in defence, especially battlefield healthcare. This is merely one example of where an innovative approach of pulling together technologies from multiple market sectors can be used to deliver an information capability. LogicaCMG is now exploring ways to taking the same approach to information capability requirements in defence, and in particular addressing the international aspects of this requirement.

LogicaCMG With the growth of LogicaCMG over the past 3 years our defence capability has gained an international dimension, enab-ling the company to bring the synergy of our defence teams across Europe to bear on military requirements. The company is now 40,000 strong with operations in 41 countries around the globe. The acquisition of WM-data in 2006 completed our pan-European coverage and gave LogicaCMG particular strength in Scandinavia in

addition to its established positions in the defence markets of UK, Netherlands, France and Germany. LogicaCMG recognises the importance of building business relationships at a local level and all of our defence requirements are managed by the appropriate country team. Their ability to add real value lies in the way they bring the collective capability from across the company to support the local team and utilise the developments in one country for the potential benefit of others. Thus the experience of developing

a battlefield system in one country can be used in meeting a similar requirement elsewhere, providing benefits in terms of development time, international compatibi-lity and economic value. Information capability is a core require-ment for the effective conduct of military operations in the 21st century and LogicaCMG utilises its international capa-bility to deliver innovative solutions to meet the challenges of these complex operational environments.


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ANTENNAS IN UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR (UGS) SYSTEMS

COJOT – more than one wavelength Intrusion detection and perimeter monito-ring are key ingredients of network based defence. Detection and monitoring will revolve around finding new and innovative ways of using new and existing sensor technology. Unattended Ground Sensors make use of numerous low-power sensors to add to the capability of reconnaissance and surveil-lance. Sensor nodes may contain a combi-nation of passive and active sensor, such as acoustic, magnetic, and seismic detection sensors, and potentially nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) sensors. Each sensor also contains a low power transceiver to enable connections to C2 systems. The communications requirements for UGS systems have spawned numerous developments in the area of low profile, low cost, yet high performance transcei-vers. A primary objective is maximum mission life; hence the radios must employ low power circuit designs, and also power-efficient routing protocols and fast acquisi-tion waveforms to support duty cycling. The network architecture is similarly optimized. Typically low power transcei-vers form a local network in which relati-vely closely spaced nodes, typically front line sensors, are interconnected. As with any wireless connection, the antennas employed at the different communication nodes play an important part in securing the quality of the connection.

Antenna Considerations UGS units are often located at or below ground level in an effort to reduce the visual signature. UGS system communi-cation is thus affected by the physics of radio frequency (RF) propagation at low elevations. Depending on the carrier frequency of the signal and the terrain between the transmitting and the receiving end, the signal may take different modes of propagation like the direct wave, the ground wave or the scattered wave. In addition to the free space path loss which is always present there are also numerous other phenomena that may cause attenuation to the signal like reflections, scattering, diffraction and shading due to obstacles as well as attenuation due to vegetation, rain or any other lossy material located in the path of the signal. Further on, any objects (e.g. the earth ground) located in the near field of the transceiver antenna will inevitably shape the radiation pattern of the antenna. Some generally desired requirements of UGS networks are the following: • High data rate (over 1 Mbits/s) • Point-to-multipoint or mesh networks • High lifetime on battery use • Low visibility • Easy deployment in operational use • Usage in forest type terrain


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These requirements have a direct impact on the specifications of the antennas to be used in UGS networks. The required high bit rates have the immediate consequence that in most practical cases relatively high carrier frequencies (at least hundreds of MHz, mostly GHz range) need to be used. In a mesh type network every node needs to be able to keep contact to several other nodes in different directions. This means that in most cases the antenna has to have an omni-directional radiation pattern. Also wide angle directional patterns may find use with nodes located at the edge of the network. The easy deployment require-ment calls for a simple installation procedure where accurate alignment of the antennas should not be required. This further underlines the assumption that high gain directional antennas will not be too practical in these applications. Battery based UGS nodes will not be able to use high transmission power, at least for long periods. Even though the communi-cation waveforms will utilise all possible power saving aspects, high antenna efficiency will be very desirable. Maybe the single most important property of the antenna affecting the quality of the connection of a node to its network, however, is the placement of the antenna and the resulting RF path. For a compact system which is easy to deploy and for reasons of low probability of detection (LPD) it would seem most convenient to place the antenna directly on the UGS node equipment which will be placed on

the ground or even dug into the ground. For the RF connection, however, this location is everything else but optimal. At lower frequencies (below 500 MHz) the radiation towards low angles above ground is strongly affected by the cancelling effect of the ground reflection, whereas at higher frequencies the attenuation caused by vegetation becomes more and more important. Whatever the frequency, a low location of the antenna increases the probability of having important obstacles in the line of sight of the connection. So depending on the distance between the nodes, the available transmission power and receiver sensitivity, it may well be necessary to somehow place the antenna a bit higher above ground. Whatever the practical implementation, one needs to make sure that the achieved gain by doing so is not lost in cable losses and poor antenna efficiency.

Today's highly mobile precision targe-ting operations and digitized networks extend voice and data communication into wider bandwidth than ever before. In addition, electronic warfare equip-ment deployed to intercept and coun-termeasure threats set new require-ments for performance and usability of the antennas. COJOT antennas are the results of more than 10 years' expertise in design, development and deployment of mobile military antennas. We look into the future by focusing on emerging requirements, technologies, and res-ponsiveness.


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CISCO UNIFIED COMMUNICATIONS

CONNECTING PEOPLE AND INFORMATION BETTER FOR AN IMPROVED COMMUNICATIONS EXPERIENCE

Today’s organizations must contend with increasingly complex communications environments featuring a wide array of communications methods. Employees, business partners, and customers commu-nicate with one another through infinite combinations of wired, wireless, and mobile phones; voice messaging; e-mail; fax; mobile clients; and rich media confe-rencing. Too often, however, these tools are not used as effectively as they could be. The result is information overload, lack of agility, and misdirected communications that delay decisions, slow down processes, drive customers away, and reduce produc-tivity. Ineffective communications also result in missed revenue opportunities because businesses are not prepared to quickly react to market changes. IP communications solutions have proven their ability to help organizations solve such problems, enabling them to streamline business processes and reduce costs. For years, companies of all sizes have been realizing the benefits that carrying voice, data, and video communi-cations across a common IP infrastructure can bring. Real integration, real time, real benefits Today, with the Cisco® Unified Commu-nications system of voice, video, mobility, and IP communications products, the abovementioned benefits are greater than

ever. Cisco Unified Communications offers a new way of communicating that is more personal and timely. Instead of simply connecting products, the Cisco Unified Communications system provides structure and intelligence that helps organizations securely integrate their communications more closely with busi-ness processes, and ensure information reaches recipients quickly, through the most appropriate medium.

Cisco Unified Communications The Cisco Unified Communications portfolio is part of an integrated solu-tion for organizations of all sizes that also includes network infrastructure, security, network management pro-ducts, wireless and mobile connecti-vity, and a lifecycle services ap-proach, along with flexible deployment and management options, financing packages, and third-party communi-cations applications. Cisco Systems Finland Oy Lars Sonckin kaari 16 FI-02600 Espoo, Finland Tel: + 358 (0) 204 70 61 Fax: +358 (0) 204 70 6300 www.cisco.fi


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Businesses can collaborate in real time using advanced applications such as video conferencing, integrated voice and Web conferencing, voicemail, and more—from an integrated, easy-to-use interface on a variety of devices—wired or wireless. The solution saves time and helps control costs, while improving productivity and compe-titiveness. In a 2005 Sage Research study, 86 percent of companies using unified communications reported that productivity benefits have grown. More than 60 percent reported savings of three or more hours per week for each mobile worker. Such studies confirm that migrating to a unified com-munications system provides a substantial return on investment (ROI) and a reduced total cost of ownership (TCO).

Wherever, whenever Cisco Unified Communications gives companies the ability to efficiently access data on demand, to effectively interact with virtual teams all over the world, and to manage these interactions on the go in real time... as if you were everywhere at once. Every interaction is more valuable. Everyone is more efficient. All communi-cations are more effective and secure. These capabilities allow you to excel in today’s fast-paced world and give you the agility your business needs to continuously innovate and quickly adapt to today’s ever-changing environment.

Cisco, (NASDAQ: CSCO), is the worldwide leader in networking that transforms how people connect, communicate and collabo-rate. Information about Cisco can be found at http://www.cisco.com. For ongoing news, please go to: http://newsroom.cisco.com


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TIETOSAAB SYSTEMS OY EXPERTISE IN DEFENCE AND SECURITY SOLUTIONS

TietoSaab Systems Oy is a Finnish joint venture established by TietoEnator and Saab. The company, which develops command, control and information systems is exclusively specialised in security solu-tions. For the customers, this translates into absolute expertise drawing on decades of experience. TietoSaab’s expertise is composed of TietoEnator’s operations of more than 40 years in the Finnish defence and civil security business and of the 30-year expertise of Elesco, Saab’s Finnish subsidiary, in the development of defence systems. TietoSaab’s foremost customers comprise the Finnish Defence Forces and civil security authorities in Finland. Exports are a growing sector, especially in civil security, but the number of customers

within the international defence industry is also on the increase. Active interaction creates innovations The wide spectrum of TietoSaab Systems’ products is one indication of its innovative expertise. Products developed for example for the maritime environment constitute one product line while another is com-posed of the provision of tailored solutions to the customers. The planning of a specific solution com-mences from the requirement specifi-cations and general requirements given by the customer. The process progresses in phases to the delivery project, where pro-duct design is finalised. The product can be


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a single software product or a combination of several subsystems. The common thing is that the products are always tailored to the customer’s needs understanding his requirements. Everything is capped by life cycle support services for the systems. One good example of this is the aviation logistics system, which manages the aircraft fleet material of the Finnish Air Force. Each and every aircraft component is included in a massive data system which monitors the component throughout its life cycle. The system reports issues such as flight hours of the component, the G-forces exerted on it, material fatigue and so on. This optimises the use of materials and gives tremendous savings and efficiency. Future co-operation through standard products Demand for complete standard products is a growing challenge in the defence and security industry. This is why TietoSaab is developing applications for standard product needs. These applications include management systems, solutions intended for the naval defence, and tools for aviation and training planning. As an example, the MonoRT Radar Tracker developed for the needs of air defence is also suited for other uses. Radar Tracker integrates the plots created by the target on the radar into a line which can be used for reading the velocity and direction of the target and, on the basis of the radar echo, also its precise properties. TietoSaab’s offers a newly developed product for underwater surveillance; the Portable Route Surveillance System (SURAMG). SURA is an underwater magnetic trip wire detector.

Securing transport by sea, which is essential for the security of supply for the society. Providing a safe harbour against any unwanted entrace. Supplementing the surveillance provided by a Vessel Traffic Service. Preventing terror acts against cruiser ships. Protection and monitoring of naval and coastal military units.

The system can be operated from any-where on the network with multiple operators simultaneously performing sur-veillance duties.

Experienced system integrator The deliveries of TietoSaab Systems are outstandingly based on systems integration. The offering is broken down into the following sectors: - Precision engagement: command

and control systems related to active engagement and electronic warfare.

- Protection and mobility: under-water sensor networks, magnetic silencing, influence minesweeping and shelter technology.

- Information superiority: command, control and information systems producing common situation pisture and decision making support.

TietoSaab Systems Oy Tietotie 6, Box 403 02101 Espoo, Finland. Tel. +358 20 7252 000 www.tietosaab.com


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ROHDE & SCHWARZ RADIOMONITOROINTIJÄRJESTELMIÄ

Viimeisten vuosien kriisit ovat tuoneet radioviestintään liittyvät radiomonitorointi-asiat entistäkin vahvemmin alan keskuste-luihin ja uudelleen harkittavaksi. Se on myös heijastunut myönteisesti alan teolli-suuden tuotekehityspanoksiin ja uusien innovaatioiden tuloon markkinoille. Saksalainen Rohde & Schwarz on ollut aina aktiivisesti mukana kehittämässä radiotiedustelun työkaluja alan ammattilai-sille. 1930-luvulla kehitettyjen ensimmäis-ten kentänvoimakkuusmittauslaitteiden ja vastaanottimien jälkeen kehitys on ollut huimaa. Tämän päivän järjestelmät pohjau-tuvat RF-tekniikan viimeisiin teknologisiin uutuuksiin. Rohde & Schwarz on tiedustelujärjestel-mien keskeisten komponenttien kuten antennien, monitorointivastaanottimien ja suuntimoiden yksi johtavia valmistajia. Vastaanottimista uusimpia ovat esim. PR100, hyvin pienikokoinen (n. 2 kg) kannettava vastaanotin 9 kHz ...7 GHz:iin. LAN-liitäntä mahdollistaa sen käytön myös kauko-ohjattavana vastaanottimena isommissa järjestelmissä. Sen iso ja selkeä värinäyttö taas on etu käyttäjälle, kun lähdetään ulos kentälle tehtävää suoritta-maan. EM 500-sarjan vastaanottimet kattavat taajuusalueen 9 kHz...32 MHz (EM 510) ja 20 MHz...3,6 GHz (EM 550). Ne pohjau-tuvat samaan teknologiaan kuin VXI-pohjaisissa järjestelmissämme käytetyt EM010/EM050 vastaanotinmodulit. Ne täyttävät mainiosti kasvaneet vaatimukset

laajemman VHF/UHF taajuusalueen osalta ja HF-alueella lisääntyneet tarpeet digitaa-listen lähetteiden vastaanoton osalta. EM510 on ns. suora vastaanotin, jossa tulosignaali ohjautuu suoraan A/D-muunti-melle esisuodatuksen jälkeen. Rakenne mahdollistaa 10 MHz:n reaaliaikaisen kais-tanleveyden lisäksi erittäin hyvän herkkyy-den ja nopeuden hakuvastaanottimena. Yksi perusominaisuus on myös vastaan-ottimien hyvä sietokyky voimakkaita häiriösignaaleja vastaan. Ne soveltuvat hyvin sekä kapea- että laajakaistaisten lähetteiden vastaanottoon ja prosessointiin, mihin aiemmin usein tarvittiin erilliset vastaanottimet.

R&S EM510 is a fully digitized HF receiver and covers the frequency range from 9 kHz to 32 MHz. Koko IF signaalinkäsittely tehdään suori-tuskykyisillä signaaliprosessoreilla ja FPGA piireillä. Näin laitteissa itsessään on tehokkaat suodattimet ja erilaisia signaalin evaluointitoimintoja. Tasomittaukset, modulaation mittaukset ja kaistanleveysmittaukset ovat modernin


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vastaanottimen perusominaisuuksia. 34 GHz/s pyyhkäisynopeus maksimiresoluu-tiolla mahdollistaa erityisesti lyhytkestois-ten ja taajuushypintälähetteiden vastaan-oton ja ilmaisun. Taajuuspyyhkäisyjen lisäksi voidaan skannata muistipaikkoja tai kanava-asetusten avulla. Digitaalisten lähetteiden analysointia var-ten vastaanottimille on myös kehitetty valmis PC-ohjelmisto signaalin luokittelua, bittivirran analysointia ja dekoodausta var-ten. Ominaisuuksien ja toimintojen osalta mo-lemmat vastaanottimet ovat periaatteessa identtisiä taajuusaluetta lukuunottamatta.

Rohde & Schwarz on saksalainen elek-troniikka-alan yritys, jonka päätoimi-paikka on Etelä-Saksassa Münchenis-sä. Yli 70 vuotta sitten perustettu yritys on koko historiansa toiminut radioteknii-kan mittauslaitteiden ja radiojärjestel-mien kehityksen uranuurtajana. Tänä päivän yritys työllistää noin 6800 henki-löä liikevaihdon ollessa n. 1,4 mrd EUR. Rohde & Schwarz on Euroopan suurin mittauslaitevalmistaja sekä joh-tava radiojärjestelmien ja monitorointi-laitteistojen toimittaja. Yleisradio- ja TV lähetintekniikka on myös aina ollut osana toimintaa ja olemme useissa maissa uusien DVB ja DVB-H verkkojen lähettimien toimittaja. Suomessa olemme olleet pitkäaikaise-na kumppanina asiakkaillemme yli 50 vuoden ajan ja Itsenäinen tytäryhtiö Rohde & Schwarzin Finland perustettiin 1.7.2004.


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CONTROL EXPRESS MILITARY COMPUTERS

CEF WSx Military Computer Designed and manufactured by Control Express Finland Oy, the CEF WSx is a powerful military computer with particu-larly suitable application for vehicles. The CEF WSx military computer is in a sealed chassis, with cooling effected through heat exchangers. The computer’s heat exchan-gers allow a low internal temperature to be maintained even though air circulating within the chassis has no direct contact with the air outside. With its sealed design the CEF WSx is suited to the most merci-less of environments. The CEF WSx has been designed for installation on a standard width 19” hardware rack. The WSx chassis is 2U high (88 mm) and its installation depth is approximately 50 cm. When closed, the CEF WSx chassis comp-lies fully with the requirements for dust penetration and water splashes specified in the IP54 protection classification. External

connectors on the rear wall of the chassis are fully waterproof in accordance with the MIL standard. Switches, optical drives, hard disks and the computer’s indicator LEDs are protected behind a lockable front mask. Resistance to vibration and shock is ensured by Control Express Finland Oy’s patented CEF Damper 28 suspension and shock absorption system. The most valuable part of a modern mili-tary computer is not the apparatus itself but the data on the hard disk. Consequently, CEF WSx hard disks can be easily removed from the computer after use by means of the quick-release hard disk trays and transferred, for example, to a strong-box until next required. The CEF WSx military computer complies with CE norms and the following EMC standards: MIL STD 461E (1999), Tests RS103, CS101, CS114


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Combat Soldier’s Computer Control Express Finland Oy, in coopera-tion with the Finnish Defence Forces Materiel Command, has developed a new kind of Tablet PC, the Combat Soldier’s Computer.

The Combat Soldier’s Computer comprises load bearing equipment (LBE) worn over other kit, a Tablet PC and a battery. The LBE protects the PC from shocks and moisture, and functions as a carriage mounting for the battery and maps. Dimensions of the Combat Soldier’s Computer are 300 x 240 x 60 mm, and the weight approximately 3 kg. In addition to normal PC technology the equipment features an integrated 10” screen and GPS. The chassis of the Combat Soldier’s Computer is protected to IP65 standard in respect of dust penetration and water splashes. Design of the Combat Soldier’s Computer commenced in August 2006 with a prototype for the Signals School and Military Academy. On the basis of user feedback and new requirements supplied by the customer it was decided to produce a prototype series of 11 for the Finnish The

design project will benefit in future through the accumulation of user experien-ce of the prototype series equipment in a variety of operational situations. On the strength of this further feedback, and toget-her with the customer, we will be able to continue development of the product towards the final production model.

Control Express Finland Oy (CEF) is Savonlinna-based company designing, manufacturing and marketing military and industrial computers, monitors and communications equipment. Our pro-ducts are more reliable than normal office hardware and especially designed for demanding conditions. Our company also designs and implements a variety of automatic and neural network applica-tions, mostly to meet the needs of the processing industry.

The special ability of our company lies in supplying custom-made products, tailo-red to the needs of individual customers. This guarantees that our customers receive products which match their requirements exactly. Our computerized CAD/CAM design technologies and modular production line enable us to react quickly to the changing needs of our customers. In addition to customized products, CEF also manufactures and sells standard devices. We import a large part of the components used in manufacture ourselves in order to guarantee availability and favourable price levels.

Control Express Finland is a member of PICMG, an international organization of industrial computer manufacturers, whose activities include the development of standards for industrial computers and their components.


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PROVIDING INTEGRATION FOR NET-CENTRIC WARFARE

In 2001, the Finnish Defence Forces saw a clear need for a new communication solution which bases on a commercial product in order to integrate different systems and perform different functions simultaneously. This product should also meet new challenges in mobile warfare from a management and command point of view. Traditional technology was conside-red to be limited in its ability to provide sufficient interfaces, flexibility, capacity, mobility, scalability, security and possibili-ties for decentralized operations. The new technology should offer higher capacity, quicker response and more efficient communication for both fixed and mobile troops. This was the basis for the develop-ment of the Ascom openAccess® techno-logy and the Ascom Access Node as a first product built upon it. The Finnish Defence Forces` Communication Needs In the Finnish Defence Forces, communi-cation and command play a vital role. In recent years the role of communication has changed and become more important than ever before. As colonel Kyösti Halonen from the Defence Staff of the Finnish Defence Forces says: “Communication in all of its forms plays a central role in the Finnish Defence Forces. With the help of communication and technology, we can utilize our resources more efficiently.

Communication systems play vital role during co-operation and joint operations within our organization and with other parties. Earlier, the biggest problem was that our information system consisted of several separate systems that did not communicate properly with each other. Transferring data from one system to another was diffi-cult, since these systems were not compa-tible. Maintenance of these systems became expensive, and our own organiza-tion needed a system that would be generally interoperable from one system to another within the Finnish Defence Forces”

Tactical Access Node Ascom Access Node in an Integrator Role At the moment, the Ascom Access Node integrates our systems. As the Army, Navy and Air Force have different and separate


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systems, the Ascom Access Node func-tions as an integrating interface enabling these systems to communicate with each other. On the other hand, the Defence Staff is responsible for the Finnish Defence Forces’ core network and common servi-ces. At this interface, the Ascom Access Node functions as a device which connects the Army, Navy and Air Force to the net-work maintained by the Defence Staff. Thanks to the Ascom Access Node, diffe-rent data networks and information sys-tems now work better together. “Now we can transfer information electro-nically from one system to another. This technology is compatible with various systems used both nationally and inter-nationally. Taking a long-term view, it becomes a cost effective solution as well since we don’t use overlapping systems for the same tasks. Furthermore, this techno-logy and the network are secure. The information is standardized in order to be used by every person of our organization. This improves our means and capabilities in management and command”, Halonen continues. Ascom Access Node in International and Cooperational Crisis Management The benefits of the Ascom Access Node can be attained particularly well in inter-national crisis management operations. Soldiers, civilian authorities and internatio-nal telecom operators work together in crisis management operations. Some of these operators use their own communica-tion systems, and some of them use commercial services. The Ascom Access Node fits well in interfaces where military organizations, civilian organizations and commercial operators should work toget-

her. With the Ascom Access Node, integ-ration between all these systems is easy. There are several possible roles in inter-national crisis management operations and joint operations with various public autho-rities. The Access Node integrates incom-patible communication networks to work together in these operations as well. Ascom Access Node technology is ideal for international collaboration and ensures interoperability. We have used the Ascom Access Node technology in a number of crisis management operations such as the peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Afghanistan. Military operations or civilian crisis mana-gement operations – the Ascom Access Node fits almost every situation, since it enables us to utilize existing networks. The Ascom Access Node can be used if there are local networks already in place, but it can also be used when building totally new systems. On the other hand, when building totally new communication architecture in a disaster area, the Ascom Access Node can be easily moved to be operated by a commercial operator. This means that there is no need for military personnel to manage the system in the way there would be when a purely military system was used. The Ascom Access Node enables the extension and transformation of a military operation into a civilian crisis management operation and further into a network operated by local operators. Esa Kaakinen, Senior Manager at Ascom (Finland) Oy has extensive experience in the fields of communication and command systems. Concerning the impact of the Ascom Access Node he states: “The Ascom Access Node technology has proven to be a decisive technology in ful-filling the communication needs in crisis


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management and disaster relief. Thanks to this technology, we are now able to provi-de versatile solutions for both demanding conditions in the field and broadband service environments in offices. The Ascom Access Node is also an excellent solution for connecting multinational orga-

nizations within the same communication infrastructure, without having to give up established working procedures. Advantages for the Finnish Defence Forces In urgent situations a quick response is needed. The Ascom Access Node can be easily moved from one location to another. On the other hand, the Ascom Access Node uses internationally standardized interfaces and commercial technology which makes it a cost effective solution. The Ascom Access Node can be used to integrate almost any systems. When the

system changes, only a change of inter-faces is required. There is no need for customizing the system itself for every change. This means that the Ascom Access Node technology is also cost effective. Benefits of this system are especially apparent in crisis management operations:

when the operation´s lead country changes, communication systems traditionally have changed also. With the Ascom Access Node, interoperability problems can be solved. A lot of times tactical communica-tion equipment is heavy and consumes a lot of power. We benefit from the Ascom Access Node´s small size and low energy consumption.” Cost Efficiency through Partherships The Finnish Defence Forces have concen-trated on partnership programs with diffe-rent companies. The goal of the partner-


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ship is to secure and lead development, and to produce services cost effectively and reliably. High standards in the partnership and risk management are guaranteed by guidance and control procedures and internal management procedures. Relating to this partnership-oriented strategy, the Finnish Defence Forces have chosen Ascom as a strategic partner for the imple-mentation and development of integrated communication systems. “Right from the beginning the Ascom goal has been to develop a technology platform using the commercially available proven technology that is used in millions of systems. Our solution adapts that techno-logy to the demanding needs of the Finnish Defence Forces. On the one hand, Ascom made it possible to continue using existing networks providing a wide set of adap-tation functionality to connect the existing

systems. On the other hand, we have selected an all-IP approach in the core of the system, making it easy to adapt the latest networking developments and features, such as routing protocols, network security, mobility etc. as part of the Ascom solution” tells Olavi Keränen, Director, R&D and Engineering from Ascom (Finland) Oy. To colonel Halonen the cooperation bet-ween the Finnish Defence Forces and Ascom is very important: ”The only possible way to find a solution for our needs when we don’t have sufficient resources is to develop our systems with partners. Our cooperation has been very successful. Our needs as a customer have been taken into account very well. We hope we can have influence on the development work in the future as well.”

Attaching the radio relay antennas before elevating the mast: Finnish Army tactical communications system in Combined Endeavour 2000 exercise.


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SAVOX COMMUNICATIONS LEADING INNOVATOR AND DESIGNER OF MISSION CRITICAL RADIO INTERFACE

PRODUCTS AND PROFESSIONAL HANDS-FREE SOLUTIONS As the Finnish technology forerunner SAVOX Communications is the leading innovator and designer of performance improving mission critical radio interface products and professional hands-free solutions. Since 1982, SAVOX Communi-cations has provided professionals a variety of integrated communication systems that secure communication in demanding conditions. The products are used by military, police, fire, rescue and industry professionals. In addition to versatile SAVOX® product portfolio, SAVOX Communications offers complete design and product development services. With in-house R&D, strong project mana-gement and cost competitive manufactu-ring services, innovations can be easily turned into commercialised products. Continuous R&D, deep understanding of the industry fields and specialized know-how help SAVOX Communications to stay at the cutting edge of communication solutions. All products are designed in close co-operation with the end user, ensuring that the quality and functions will satisfy even the most demanding profes-sionals. As a design-oriented company, SAVOX also emphasizes the usability and unique strategic design of its products. Integrated communication systems and strategically designed products will give room to concentrate on the task at hand. It is not enough to react to the current needs of professionals, the forerunner has to be able to predict the future needs and outline the used technologies. As other technology fields, also SAVOX is entering the world of wireless solutions.

Technology at SAVOX Communications is also gradually moving towards digital applications such as video processing, voice command and control systems. Furthermore, verbal communication is becoming more supported by the exchange of data. In addition to speech, communi-cation will also include data such as telemetric and biometric readings and posi-tioning information.

Since situational awareness is of key importance for professionals in combat or other challenging environment, communi-cation has to be secured at all times. Constant communication increases aware-ness and improves the chances of soldier


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survival. The exchange of relevant data gives more accurate details on soldier status, making decision-making under pressure easier. Speech and data trans-mission technologies have become a relevant part of modern soldier’s equip-ment and the products used need to meet the requirements. As the forerunner of communication technologies, SAVOX Communications stays at the cutting edge of innovations, always introducing state-of-the-art technologies and applications that fit the modern battlefield. SAVOX Communications have designed several products for military use, rugged and watertight bone conduction headsets being its expertise. Currently, SAVOX Communications is strongly focusing on product development projects. Among the technology innovations is STEAM, a new technology platform that enables wireless group communication on the battlefield. This state-of-the-art platform gives various

opportunities to several kinds of applica-tions and it can enable functions such as sniper detection, instant identification, wireless team vehicle communication or unlimited connectivity to war theatre networks. Under development is also the new SAVOX® waterproof product family, especially designed to meet the water tightness requirements for military use. No matter what the application, the usability is always prioritised in the design of SAVOX® products.

Savox Communications Oy Ab Vitikka 4. FI-02630 Espoo +358-9-416 4111 00 www.savox.com


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DESIGN OF LIGHT-WEIGHT MAST SYSTEM Markku Vuorinen, Mastsystem Int’l Oy, M.Sc.Eng.

Telescopic mast design The requirements for designing and selec-ting a good application specific telescopic mast system are set by the communication system itself. The most important factors are: - Antenna height - Antenna system weight; antennas, RF

unit weight, lightning protection, antenna pointing devices, antenna mounting sys-tems (antenna boom, brackets, adapters) and cables

- Wind speed requirements; maximum wind speed for deployment and for ope-ration, maximum wind speed for survival

- Antenna pointing accuracy at operational wind speed

- Mast transportation; mast transportation length, mast transportation equipment

- Manual or electrical operation - General conditions of use and user

training The list of design factors is long. It is quite clear that some of the factors may well remain open, because the final environ-ment and equipment are simply not known in detail at the point of designing or selecting a mast for a new communications system. Generally, it is strongly recommended to contact a mast manufacturer at as early stage of project as possible for optimizing the performance and cost. Responsible mast manufacturers have good engineering and development support resources for designing even difficult and customer

specific communications mast and antenna systems. Selecting a mast directly from manufacturers catalogues can be mislea-ding, because it is possible to publish only a part of the system design knowledge. Designing a working system in which all parts fit together and optimal performance can be achieved requires close cooperation from three parties: end user, communica-tion system contractor and mast manufac-turer’s engineering department.

Two grid antennas with pointing devices. Mast body construction materials A good mast body can be economically manufactured from three common mate-rials: steel, aluminium and different composites. Choosing best material is nor-mally based on elasticity coefficient and specific weight that define the mast length and weight ratio, corrosion resistance, transportability and general shock resistan-ce. Theoretically steel is the ideal material for constructing different kinds of masts, but for practical reasons it is not possible to utilize the excellent mechanical properties


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fully without making the whole structure quite heavy. The best elasticity coefficient and specific weight combination is achie-ved by using composite materials, typically carbon fibre reinforced composites. Alumi-nium has approximately same elasticity coefficient as carbon fibre composites, but combined with higher specific weight. For transportable telescopic masts the most suitable material has proven to be compo-site, which in addition to the light weight has clear advantage over aluminium due to the smaller electrical conductivity. Simula-ted lightning strike tests have clearly shown that properly designed composite masts can survive surprisingly well full lightning strikes without any major dama-ge. Lack of plastic deformation is also an advantage for certain type of shocks and also shooting tests have shown that compo-site telescope sections do not get stuck together after shooting a bullet through a bundle of sections. This improves the com-munication system survivability. Mast mechanisms Typical required antenna heights for Nordic countries are 20 – 35 metres. Most important and effective way of eliminating or minimizing risks during setting up a mast system is to minimize the free unsupported mast length during erection. Technically this means that only masts that can be guyed section by section during erection are safe and applicable. The opening sequence of a telescopic mast sections is normally controlled by a latch mechanism that locks the upper inner section to the lower outer section until the lower section is fully opened and can be guyed. Masts without latching mechanisms may be used up to 20 m heights with care and depending on wind conditions as well as antenna and mast construction.

34-metre transportable light-weight mast system. Typical mast mechanisms have been different screw drive arrangements and mechanisms based on flexible elements such as steel ropes, chains or belts as well as using pneumatic or hydraulic pressure. Using pneumatic masts has been limited to more favourable environmental conditions than in Nordic countries. The pneumatic masts use the mast section tubes as telescopic cylinders. Despite of the simple and ingenious structure these masts are very vulnerable in demanding environ-ments. Any loose particles or ice that can adhere to the cylindrical outer surface wear the seals between the mast sections very quickly. Any scratch or dent in the alumi-nium tubes is even more difficult to hand-le. The same applies to hydraulic masts to great extent. Screw driven systems are also quite sensitive for sand and dust. Any grease anywhere in any mast gathers dirt


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and dust, which deteriorates the mast long term performance. For Nordic environment belt driven masts have been choice number one for deman-ding applications. Belt drive is not sensiti-ve for dust and dirt and compared to other equivalent hoisting mechanisms it is prac-tically service free and also a light weight solution. Belts are not conductive which is a clear advantage against lightning strikes. Steel rope systems do evaporate in a frac-tion of a second in a lightning strike, which results in immediate collapse of the mast system. Guy stakes Guy stakes have been subject to extensive material research for extended life. At pre-sent only the best guy stakes made of har-dened steels have been the only realistic solution in Nordic countries. Various screw type guy stakes made of different materials may work well in certain soft ground environments, but their life time is extremely limited in typical Nordic envi-ronment, where the ground is frozen for large part of every year. Guy ropes Guy ropes are elements that transfer all the wind loads from the mast to ground. Typical materials used for guy ropes are steel, polyester and aramid core ropes. The main requirements for guy ropes in addition to strength are weight, minimal elasticity and general handling properties. Once again steel has the best mechanical properties, but handling steel ropes in everyday appli-cations is not comfortable. Steel ropes also have a clear tendency to evaporate in lightning strikes.

Aramid ropes have very good strength and weight ratio and they are common-ly used with larger mast systems. Polyester is also a reasonable compro-mise between strength and handling properties due to the considerably lower price of the material, if the anten-na pointing accuracy allows using more elastic guy ropes. Future of mast systems Typical antenna pointing accuracy require-ments have become more critical during the past few years. The higher frequencies and more directive antenna systems require nowadays typically a pointing accuracy of about ±2 degrees for optimal transmission power and reception under all normal weather conditions. The antenna pointing accuracy depends on the whole mast system and its components. Only by proper engineering it is possible to guarantee the system performance. Increased pointing accuracy requirements have lead to stron-ger and stiffer mast constructions than in the past. In future we will see even larger and taller masts than today. The tallest transportable telescopic composite masts so far have been 50 m, weighing only 180 kg. The demands of increased mobility and quicker setting up of communications sys-tems will set new requirements for trans-portability and weight of the whole system. Remotely controlled systems are also one line of development that will change the world of communication. The communi-cations vehicles will have more and more equipment, antennas and masts.


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Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association · between Finland and Estonia in all...

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