By: Ciera Molloy

ARGENTINA

• The location of Argentina gives the country a diverse geographical make up.

• Argentina is located in on the southern tip of South America located in both the Southern and Western Hemisphere. Argentina is bordered by Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, and Uruguay. The country

• Northern Argentina is a Jungle region, western Argentina is located between the Andes Mountains, Eastern Argentina is 2,899 miles of coast along the Atlantic Ocean, and the Southern tip of Argentina is an artic region 3,000 miles from Antartica.

• The central region of Argentina is made up of “Pampas”, fertile central plains used for agricultural.

GEOGRAPHY

• Climate: The northern region is hot, humid summers and dry winters. Central Argentina has hot summers and is subject to Tornadoes and thunderstorms. The southern region has hot summers and heavy snowfall during winter.

• The hottest and coldest temperatures of South America have been recorded in Argentina.

• The Major rivers in Argentina are the Parana, Paraguay and Uruguay Rivers.

• Aconcagua is the highest mountain in the southern hemisphere and on South America at 6962 meters in height.

• Capital: Buenos Aires

• Major Ports: Bahia Blanca, Deseado, Rosario, Santa Fe

GEOGRAPHICAL LAND MARKS & CLIMATE

2008- populaton: 40,301,927

Argentina has a very diserve ethnic background as of 2001 1,527,320, or

4.2%, were born abroad.

Most Argentines are descendents of colonial-era settlers and of the 19th and 20th century immigrants from Europe

The most popular ethnic groups are Italian and Spanish.

There are European ,Mestizo, Arab, Amerindian, Indian, and Afro Agentines.

90% of of population is Roman Catholic

97% Literacy rate

1/3 of population live in Buenos Aires

PEOPLE

• The indigenous peoples are the Quechua of the northwest and the Mapuche in Patagonia.

• Argentine people are crazy about soccer and like being involved in politics.

• The people of Argentina believe strong in individuality and the symbol of the gaucho. Incorporating Gaucho values into their everyday lifestyle.

• The people believe in being open, frank, and diplomatic. Argentinians can be poetic in their self expression and elaborate in their complimentary expressions.

• Argentines tend to be very affectionate towards one another.

• They tend to have strong opinions, beliefs, and personal views.

PEOPLE

• Culture greatly effected by immigrant population mostly European which contributed to the end of native populations.

• The native language is Spanish but many also speak the language of their home country.

• Since the end of the dictatorship the arts have flourished. Hand crafted merchandise can be found through out Argentina.

• The Tango is the main dance and music form of the country.

• Argentina has many holidays and fiestas through out the year, mainly January thru March. ( Ex. Festival of Tango, Carnival, Grape Harvest Festival, Folklore Festival)

• Family is the most important part of Argentine life. The elders are respected, and family members all take care of eachother.

• The Culture is rich with art, dance, music, literature, and food.

CULTURE

• Argentines usually have four meals a day and are social events. Tapas are popular dishes shared among friends.

• Before dinner people go to cafes. These cafes play a role in social meetings, business appointments, and cultural life.

• Argentines are not that religious. Most do not attend church regulary. They will go visit religious monuments, attend weddings, funerals, and major feast days. Most provinces and cities have a patron saint.

• Buenos Aires has the second largest Jewish population (300,000) in the Americas after New York.

• Education is highly valued in Argentine society. Mandatory education begins at age 6. The Argentine National Council set education standards through out the country. Schools try to accommodate the different circumstances of children.

FOOD, RELIGION, EDUCATION

13,000 years ago the first settlers settled in the Southern tip of Argentina in Patagonia. Estimated population before European settlements was 100,000.

1516-Juan Diaz de Solis, Spanish explorer arrives at Rio de La Plata.

1536- Buenos Aires was first established as Ciudad de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre ( City of our Lady Saint Mary of the Fair Winds) by Pedro de Mendoza a Spanish Explorer. Spanish forced away by attacks from indigenous people.

1580- Second and Permanent Settlement of current day Buenos Aires by Juan de Garay.

1776- Spanish claim the Rio de la Plata and territories under the Vice Royalty of the Rio de la Plata and make Buenos Aires the Capital.

1810- Revolution of May began the formation of independent Spanish states called the United Provinces of Río de la Plata.

May 25,1810- First Argentine Government established

July 9,1816- Argentina formally declare independence from Spanish rule

1820s- Argentina struggled to organize its government control and went thru a domestic struggle

1833- British take over Falkland Islands off the coast of Argentina expelling the Argentinian Government. Great Britain still control the islands and Argentina still wants them back.

1853 -the first National Constitution was created, and Justo Jose de Urquiza became the first president of the Argentine Republic

HISTORY

• Unitarist Government implemented a liberal constitution which allowed foreign countries to invest in the country allowing trade and immigration.

• Cattle and Crops were exported and Europeans immigrated for work in commerce and craft. Argentian become one of the wealthiest countries. Most of the wealth was concentrated in the hands of the elite class. Poverty grew and mass migration to the cities happened creating more poverty.

• 1946- Juan Domingo Peron elected as President and implements new social welfare programs for the people and created a new economic plan. He was popular but was critisized for abusing his power and limiting free press and political debate. Eva Person, his wife, fought for equal rights for women and was considered a voice of the people. She was urged to run for Vice President which was unheard of being a women.

• 1955- New military Regime ended Perons term and tried to destroy his and his wife, Eva Peron’s reputation. Peron returned to power in 1973 and died in 1974.

• The new regime suppressed all forms of opposition from writers to doctors in a movement called Process of National Reorganization. They claimed 30,000 lives and is called “The Dirty War”.

• The successive Presidents from Carlos Menem (1989) to Fernando de la Rua (1999) all had to face severe economic troubles. Nestor Kirchner was voted into office in 2003.

DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN ARGENTINA

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RESOURCES