12/23/2009MTR Corporation

Area Navigation and Required Navigation Performance

Yuuji IzumoVATSIM Hong KongStanding Committee on Aviation Resource and Education Development

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Conventional Navigation-Conventional radio navigation rely on ground equipment

- Routes are linked by ground equipments Like VOR / NDB

- Ground Equipments must be functional

- Aircraft must flying with ground equipment

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RNAV- INS or IRS can help aircraft navigate with virtual waypoints and ground equipment

- Routes were linked by waypoints

- Aircraft can fly without ground equipment but navigate by onboard waypoint database

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RNP- RNP (Required Navigation Performance) is based on RNAV

- However it required aircraft cannot drift from the route for over some nautical miles.

- Like RNP 10 = aircraft cannot drift from the route over 10 nm, now using on cross ocean flights.

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RNPOcean Airway and Terminal Ocean Airway and Terminal

RNAV 10 RNAV 5 RNP4 RNP 2

RNAV 2 RNP 1

RNAV 1 RNP 0.3

RNP 0.1

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RNP- As under RNP navigation, aircraft will not allowed drift from the route away

-RNP0.3 / 0.5 now used on critical terrain approach routes

- In busy airports, aircraft separation can be reduced under RNP operation

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Summary

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Map - Conventional Map were made by Mercator Projection method

- However this method treat our Earth as a perfect sphere

- After Human invented satellite, we found the Earth was actually oval shape

- Therefore charts nowadays are WGS84 standard to ensure we have correct position

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