2

Area 4,523,000 km²

Population 568,300,000

Density 126 people per km²

Countries 11Territories 13GDP $900 billion

$2.8 trillion (purchasing power parity)

GDP per capita

$1,584 $4,927 (purchasing power parity)

Time Zones

UTC +5:30 (Andaman and Nicobar Islands) to UTC +9:00 (Indonesia)

Capital cities

Bandar Seri BegawanBangkokDiliHanoiJakartaKuala LumpurManilaNaypyidawPhnom PenhSingaporeVientiene

http://en.wikipedia.org/

Crop JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

TEMPERATURE 20~27 22~28 26~29 28~30 28~30 27~29 26~28 26~28 26~28 26~27 23~27 21~27

Banana (AAA)

Coconut

Durian

Grape

Guava

Jackfruit

Java apple

Langsat

Lime

Litchi

Longan

Mango

Mangosteen

Papaya

Pineapple

Pummelo

Rambutan

Strawberry

Sweet orange

Sweet tamarind

Tangerine

World map with the tropics highlighted in red

The Tropics, seated in the

equatorial regions of the world,

are limited in latitude by the

Tropic of Cancer in the northern

hemisphere at approximately

23°26' (23.4°) N latitude, and the

Tropic of Capricorn in the

southern hemisphere at 23°26'

(23.4°) S latitude.

The Tropics includes all the areas

on the Earth where the sun

reaches a point directly overhead

at least once during the solar year.

The seasons in the tropics are

dominated by the movement of

the tropical rain belt, which then

forms from the northern to the

southern tropics over the course of

the year in the winter, thus causing

the dry season and the wet season

in turn.

Tropical climate is warm to hot

and moist year-round, often with

the sense of lush vegetation.

5

http://en.wikipedia.org/

The climate in Southeast Asia is

mainly tropical–hot and humid all

year round. There is a lot of

rainfall. Southeast Asia has a wet

and dry season caused by seasonal

shift in winds or monsoon. The

tropical rain belt causes

additional rainfall during the

monsoon season.

A monsoon is a seasonal

prevailing wind that lasts for

several months.

The term referred to the big

seasonal winds blowing from the

ocean or sea bringing heavy

rainfall to the area.

6

http://en.wikipedia.org

General Background

20o 23’ ~ 5o 37’ N 97o 22’ ~105o 37’ E

North

Northeast

East

Central

South

3 seasons

Hot : Mar. ~ May

Rain : June ~ Oct.

Cool : Nov. ~ Feb.

Tropical zone

Facts of Thailand Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the

Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma Geographic

Coordinates: 15 00 N, 100 00 E

Area: total: 514,000 sq km (321,250,000 rai)

land: 511,770 sq km (319,856,250 rai)water: 2,230 sq km

Land use: arable land: 27.54%

permanent crops: 6.93% (~22,166,000 rai)

other: 65.53% (2005)

Irrigated land: 49,860 sq km (2003)https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/

last updated on 18 October, 2007

Facts of Thailand Climate: tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-

May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid

Terrain: central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains

elsewhere

Elevation extremes: lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m

highest point: Doi Inthanon 2,576 m

Natural resources: tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum,

timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land

Population: 65,068,149

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/last updated on 18 October, 2007

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Production Area of Fruit in Thailandhttp://www.doae.go.th/agriculture/index.html

ACFS designed standards for food and agricultural commodity, which are divided into agricultural commodity standards (4 for fruit in 2004), system standards, and general standards.

Standard for Pineapples, TACFS 4-2003, published in the Royal Gazette Volume 120, Special Section 145 d, dated December 19, 2003

Standard for Durian, TACFS 3-2003, published in the Royal Gazette Volume 120, Special Section 145 d, dated December 19, 2003

Standard for Mangoes, TACFS 5-2003, published in the Royal Gazette Volume 120, Special Section 145 d, dated December 19, 2003

Standard for Mangosteens, TACFS 2-2003, published in the Royal Gazette Volume 120, Special Section 145 d, dated December 19, 2003

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DurianKing of Tropical Fruit

Cultivar Flowering Bloom Harvest Days

Early

season Early

December

Late

December

Mid

May

153-165

Mid

season Mid

December

Late

December

Early

June

182-190

Late

season

Mid December

Late

December

Mid

July

200-210

Commercial Favorite

Local and New Promising

Early season

Kradum (Button)

Chanee (Gibbon)

Mid Season

Mon Thong (Golden pillow)

Late season

Kan Yao (Long peduncle)

Nok Krajib

Puang Manee

Lub Lae

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Puang Manee

http://picasaweb.google.co

m/lh/photo/pG7YDU2x_RkdZyX4qsPa4A

thaimisc.pukpik.com

Kan Yao www.thummada.com

Mon Thongwww.thaitambon.com

Induce Flowering Flowering period

Pruning

Weeding

Chemical Fertilizer (15-15-15, 8-24-24 or 12-24-12) and Manure application

Irrigation control (induce drought)

Irrigation control

Flower thinning

Pest control

Fertilization assist (pollination by hand)

Ca-B Foliar fertilizer application

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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Blooming Harvesting Flowering

Fruit setting and Development

Fruit Mature

1st Flush 2nd Flush 3rd Flush

Fruit set period

Fruit thinning

Chemical Fertilizer (13-13-21, 0-0-50)

Flushing control (KNO3, 13-0-45)

Irrigation control

Pest control

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<65% 65%

75% 85% 100%

Ripening days =

101.54 - Stage of Maturity

4.135

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In Japan In USA (New York)

Durian chip

Durian paste

23

24

Pruning, Irrigation control, etc.

paclobutrazol 16 g a.i./m2

(specific to cultivar) for bud initiation Soil application

Thiourea for bud breaking

25

26

Grading

Cleaning

Packing

Quality Inspection

Vapor Heat treatment (45-50oC 30 min.)

27

28

Cleaning

Grading

Bagging

Waxing

Wrapping

Packing

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