Arduino Microcontroller

Shyam Mohan MCA

College of Engineering, Trivandrum

OUTLINE• Difference between Microcontroller and Microprocessor• What Exactly Is an Arduino?• Arduino UNO – Block Diagram , I/O Pins• Microcontrollor –ATMEL MEGA 328• Software Programming• Code structure & Sample Programs• Addon Shields & Interfacing• Computer Applications _ Robotics , Defence, Home

Automation , Sensor Networks.• Global Scenario & Future• Different type of Arduinos’• Conclusion• Interaction

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Difference between Microcontroller and Microprocessor

MEMORY

CPU CPU

MEMORY

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What Exactly Is an Arduino ?Arduino is a Microcontroller board.

Developed by Massimo Banzi and Tom Igoe in 2005.

Arduino is an open source electronics platform based on easy-to-use Hardware and Software.

Useful for anyone making interactive projects using Electronics and Computer Science.

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ARDUINO UNOMicrocontroller : ATMEL MEGA 328

Operating Voltage : 5V

Input Voltage : 7-12V

Digital I/O Pins : 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins : 6

Power : 3.3 , 5v , Ground

Flash Memory : 32 KB (ATmega328)

SRAM : 2 KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM : 1 KB (ATmega328)

Clock Speed : 16 MHz

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ARDUINO UNOMicrocontroller : ATMEL MEGA 328

Operating Voltage : 5V









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ARDUINO UNOOperating Voltage : 5V









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MICROPROCESSOR USED IN ARDUINO UNO

ATMEL MEGA 328 131 Instructions ( Most Single Clock Execution )

32 x 8-bit General Purpose Working Registers 23 Programmable I/O Lines

Operating Voltage : 1.8 - 5.5V

Flash Memory : 32 KB SRAM : 2 KB EEPROM : 1 KBClock Speed : 16 MHz

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Bread board organising

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Software Evolution• Software used is IDE ( Integrated

Development Environment )• Evolved from ‘Processing’- a Java based

open source language created by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).• All IDE programs are called sketches.• All C/C++ features are available.• Compiler used is avr - g++

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Algorithm of Programming & Uploading

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Functions in IDEBasic funtions of IDEVoid setup ()Void loop ()

Sub functionsDigital write ()Analog write ()Delay ()

Special functionsInterrupt functionsSerial output functions

Customised Libraries and their functions.Eg: #include<LED.h> #include<serial.h>General C/C++ features like Conditional statements,Branching statements,Arrays etc

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Pulse Width Modulation ( PWM ) PWM is form of Analog output.

Digital +5V == PWM value of 255 Digital 0 == PWM of value 0 PWM can take values from 0 to 255

PWM is used for varying Control mechanism. Example:1) Create multiple colors using an RGB LED

2) To vary the speed of a motor.

PWM can be customised in the programming.

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Innovations with existing Technologies

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Add-on Shields

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) SHIELD

Communicates location co-ordinates with

Arduino board.

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A shield is another microcontroller board which does a specific function to help Arduino to increase it’s capabilities .

Add-on Shields

Wireless ShieldMakes Wi-Fi (data ) communication possible between Arduino board and other computers or devices.

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Add-on Shields

GSM ShieldProvides GPRS ,Voice call, Text messaging between arduino and other cell phones or Internet

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Add-on ShieldsETHERNET SHIELDMakes LAN connection possible and thereby Internet access and communication with arduino board.

Remote controlling.

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Types of Arduinos’

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ARDUINO ROBOT

Used in ROBOTICS


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ARDUINO LILYPADA coin sized arduino


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Arduino Nano

Applications & Innovations• Robotics : Kinetics,Servo motors.

• Defence : Quadrotor Drones, Aerial photography and videography.

• Sensor Networks : Home Automation using Ultrasonic Sensor , Infrared Sensors, Temperature sensor , Photosensitive sensor.

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In a NutshellUsing Arduino we can create Intelligent Systems

by the collaboration of Computer Science and

Electronics at the application level.

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Interaction , Discussion , Analysis

What… ? Why? How ?

Who ?Can We…?

why can't ?Why not ?

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Especially Denin ,Jubin,Tibin & Ashaan

ALL

Arduino Microcontroller

Technology

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