Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware
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Arduino and the Promise ofOpen-Source Hardware
David A. Mellis
February 27, 2012
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Context: Manufacturing in the Digital Age
• Digital Fabrication (CAD/CAM)
• Microcontrollers
• Internet
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Context: Manufacturing in the Digital Age
• Crowd-Sourcing: CUUSOO (Muji, Lego), KickStarter, Quirky
• On-Demand Production: i.materialise, Ponoko, Shapeways, Advanced Circuits
• Online Marketplaces: Etsy, Amazon, eBay
• Generative Design
• Mass Customization
• Open-Source Hardware
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Arduino
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Breathalyzer Genie by Christopher T. Palmer (Photo by Christian Spanring)
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Biomimetic Butterflies by the Barbarian Group
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Photo by Jens Erik Mikkelsen
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Rancilio Silvia espresso machine hacking by Tim Hirzel
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Earthwalk by Jens Franke & Thomas Gläser
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Open-Source Hardware
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“Source”
• Digital design file
• Can be translated into physical object
• Has to be the original
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“Open”
• Sharing online
• Allowing commercial use
• Complicated by expensive CAD software
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Why open-source hardware?
• Economics
• Education
• Moral
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Why does it matter?
• New and growing practice
• Alternative to proprietary production
• Increasingly a norm
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Product
• Developed to be sold
• Useful because you can buy it
• New variations are often new products
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Decentralized
Open-Source Hardware Open-Source Software
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Not very well.
• Lack of software tools
• Differing component selections
• Monetary complications
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Bootstrapping
• Started with $2000
• Continually re-invested revenues
• Possible because of digital (PCB) fabrication
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Ecosystem
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Ecosystem: Derivatives
http://blog.makezine.com/2009/12/11/arduino-open-source-hardware-2009/
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Ecosystem: Accessories
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Ecosystem: DIY Drones
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Ecosystem: LilyPad
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Ecosystem: Robots
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Ecosystem: Devices
Evil Mad Scientist Laboratories
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Ecosystem: Media
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Limits to Openness
• Manufacturing process
• Suppliers
• Trademark / branding
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David Robert Tayo Falase
Hannah Perner-Wilson Jean-Baptiste Labrune
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Tim Kunkel Gonglue Jiang
Andrew Payne Sarah Hirschman
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Design for DIY Manufacturingdiymanufacturing.mit.edu
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Open-Source Hardware Community
• Summit
• Definition
• Logo
• Association
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Thank you.
David A. Mellis ([email protected])
http://web.media.mit.edu/~mellis/http://diymanufacturing.mit.edu/