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•

TH

t, 1097 C66 1971

Canada Emergency

Measures Organization

Organisation des mesures d'urgence

du Canada

COMMUNITY SHELTER PLANNING

GUIDE

( provisional )

EMO TM 100-3 31 MARCH 1971

•

COMMUNITY SHELTER PLANNING

GUIDE

( provisional )

EMO TM 100-3 31 MARCH 1971

•

•

LIBRARY iBIBLIOTHEQUE

EMERGENCY PLANNING CANADA

eLANIFICAT:ON D'URGENCE CANADA

OTTAWA, ONTARIO

prepared by

Edmond D. Koch, analyst

of Lapointe & Koch, architects

Montréal

CANADA EMERGENCY MEASURES ORGANIZATION

DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENCE

OTTAWA CANADA

FOREWORD

This Community Shelter Planning Guide has been developed to assist local authorities in the develop-ment of plans for sheltering the community in a nuclear waremergency, against the effects of fallout radiation.

Since there are many aspects of shelter planning for

which adequate techniques and procedures have not yet been developed, this document is considered to be pro-visional only.

The Canada Emergency Measures Organiza-tion would appreciate receiving observations and com-ments which would help in further development of the

planning techniques and procedures indicated herein, or on shelter planning generally.

C. R. Patterson, National Coordinator.

•

•

•

•

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I INTRODUCTION IV SPECIFIC SHELTER ALLOCATION

1-1. Purpose and Scope 4-1. Put-pose and Scope

1-2 Public Protection 4-2. Re-evaluation of Planning Factors

1-3. Community Shelter Planning 4-3. Population Estimates

1-4. Action by Local Authority 4-4. Allocation to Specific Facilities

1-5. Basic Information 4-5. Report

Summary Summary

Il BASIC ANALYSIS V EMERGENCY PUBLIC INFCRMATION

•

2-1. Purpose and Scope

2-2. General View of Shelter Situation

2-3. Areas Requiring Planning Decisions

2-4. Analysis of the Environment

2-5. Analysis of Situation

2-6. Fallout Shelter Standards and Evaluation

2-7. Establishing Planning Factors

2-8. Report

Summary

III GENERAL SHELTER ALLOCATION


3-2. General Allocation Areas

3-3. Population in General Allocation Areas

3-4. Movement Route Capacities

3-5. General Shelter Allocation

3-6. Evaluation of General Shelter Allocation

3-7. Preliminary Plan for Public Information Dissemination

3-8. Report

Summary

5-1. Purpose and Sc-ope

5-2. Information Package

5-3. Plan for Information Distribution

5-4. Report

Summary

VI IDENTIFICATION OF SHELTER DEFICITS


6-2. Current Deficits

6-3. Estimated Future Deficits

6-4. Anticipated New Shelter Space

6-5. Report

Summary

VII DEVELOPMENT OF SHELTER SPACE

7-1. Improvement of Existing Space by Added Ventilation

7-2. Protection Oriented Design

7-3. Identification of Additional Spaces

7-4. Report

Summary

Ill

VIII LICENSING AND MARKING

IX PROCEDURES FOR UPDATING THE CSP


9-2. Available Data Sources

9-3. Sequence of Events

9-4. Agencies Responsible

9-5. Report

Summary

X APPROVAL OF COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN

10-1. Requirements and Scope

10-2. Procedures

10-3. Final Report

10-4. Briefing Aids for Local Authority

Summary

XI ANNEXES

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•

Iv •

• CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

•

1-1„ Purpose and Scope

The purpose of this guide is to provide civ-il emergency planners involved in the development and preparation of community shel ter plans with the neces-sary basic procedures and techniques. It is written essentially for use by those who have some knowledge of urban planning, although not necessarily restricted to this group. The user would also require some knowl-edge of population analysis as well as a knowledge of the sources and use of planning data.

The procedures and techniques described in this guide have been generalized to some extent in or-der that they can be applied to all sizes of both urban and rural communities and they may require some mod-ification to suit the particular community. There is a certain sequence of events that should be followed, however, regardless of the size of the area or commu-nity under consideration and this sequence is given by the various sections of this guide. There are eleven sections to the guide and they constitute a step-by-step description of the process of development and prepara-tion of a community shelter plan, oriented towards the planned use of the best existing usable space. They also cover dissemination of emergency public informa-tion concerning the community shelter pl an, identifica-tion of shelter deficits, procedures for development of shelter space and for updating the CEP, as wel I as pro-cedures for approval of the plan.

1-2. Public Protection

The spectrum of activities involved in the planning, development and implementation of a fallout shelter program is quite broad and the total interrela-tionship of these activities with associated activities of other programs at all levels of government tends to be somewhat complex. The principles of fallout pro-tection design however, are relatively simple and as a result of their application to the analysis of structures, a significant amount of protected space has been iden-tified and located in existing structures throughout Ca-nada. This information by itself does not provide an effective casualty limiting defensive system and in or-der to do so therefore, it is necessary to develop in peacetime detailed plans for its optimum use during an emergency.

Planning for protection from the direct ef-fects of nuclear detonations is not covered in this guide, which is concerned only with the development of com-munity shelter plans that will provide some measure of protection against the fallout radiation hazard.

1-3. Community Shelter Planning

The purpose of a community shelter plan is to minimize the number of radiation casualties that could result from the effects of a nuclear attack on North America and to lay a firm base for earliest possible recovery.

In order to do this, the provision of fallout

shelter for the public, and more specifically the proc-ess of development of community shelter plans may be stated in terms of limited objectives. These objec-tives would be to:

-Match people to the best protected space available;

-Provide a realistic movement-to-shelter plan that would permit most effective use of available space;

- Ensure that people know what to do and where to go in the event of nuclear attack;

- Determine shelter defleit/surplus areas so so that development of shelter in areas of need can proceed;

- Develop updating procedures to permit pro-per shelter allocation as population distri-bution and shelter Inventory change;

-Outline the procedures for approval and adoption of the plan by local authorities.

The community shelter plan must be developed in a prac-tical manner and must be credible not only to the local authority, but also to the citizens of the community, if it is to be effective in an emergency.

1-4. Action by Local Authority

The local authority responsible for the muni-cipal emergency planning will usually be the initiator of development of a local community shelter plan. If a local authority decides to move ahead with development of such a plan, then it should be developed in accord-ance with the overall public protection planning re-quirements of the Provincial Emergency Measures Or-ganization. In this regard a brief outline of the ap-proach should be submitted to the province for com-ments.

On receipt ofprovincial comments, the local authority should then request a briefing by the province and that they be provided with all additional necessa-ry information. Briefing the selected local authority project personnel represents the real project start point and this wi ii have lobe careful I y coordinated with any planned public information release.

Consideration should be given by the local authority to establishing a CEP Advisory Committee whose function would be to provide advice and guidance on the various municipal activities as they relate to development of an emergency plan. Such a committee would generally include the local Emergency Measures Coordinator, City/Municipal Engineer, City Planner, Fire Chief, Police Chief, Health and Welfare repre-sentatives and others as appropriate.

1 - 1 .

-Siren coverage: Siren coverage information is available through Canada EMO. •

SUMMARY

- Examine overall publicprotection requirements.

- Prepare brief outline of CSP approach and sub-mit to province for comments.

- Select project personnel and establish CSP Ad-visory Committee.

- Request to province for CSP briefing.

- Collect basic information.

1-5. Basic Information

One of the most important requirements in development of the communi ty shel ter p I an is the earl y collection of necessary information. Some will be provided by the Designated Federal Agency, some by the Provincial Emergency Measures Crganization and the remainder will have to be collected locally. In-formation required will be generally as follows:

-National Inventory Printouts: These are provided to the province by the DFA for distribution to local emergency planning authorities and, therefore, should be available locally. Where an area has been updated for a specific community shel-ter, planning project, updating inventory printouts will be provided by the DFA.

-Population Distribution Details: Population distribution by city block will be provided by the DFA from federal sour-ces where such information is available and is considered to be sufficiently cur-rent. Such Information is usually obtained from the Dominion Bureau of Statistics and will be current only for a short time after each census. The most up-to-date popula-tion figures are usually obtained locally or from provincial regional assessment au-thorities. However, they are not as a rule sufficiently detailed.

-Maps and Plans: The planning department of the local au-thority should be able to supply such Items as: large scale city layout map that can be used as a base map, zoning information, aerial photographs, topographical maps, location plans of public utilities, distri-bution systems, industrial and commercial population details. School and collegiate boards should be able to provide student popu let ion information.

-Base Map: A large-scale map on which al I information can be placed is referred to as the base map. Its purpose is toprovide a single in-formation base from which the necessary maps and tables can be prepared subse-quentlY.

In many cases It maybe necessary to pra.- vide a small scale map, with larger scale maps covering the business districts, town or city centres and areas of high density population and shelters.

-Aerial Photographs, Mosaics, Topograph-ical and Zoning Maps: Maximum use of these items should be made where available in order to determine the physical character of the area or communi-ty. Consideration of land-use distribution, transportation networks, housing, popula-tion density, natural and man-made phys-ical obstacles and terrain, is most impor-tant in developing details of movement-to-shelter patterns and in allocating popula-tion to shelter.

1-2.

• CHAPTER 11

BASIC ANALYSIS

•


The purpose is to determine and identify pro-blems concerning policy and environment prior to pro-ceeding with the detailed analysis for a community. A preliminary analysis is required in order to provide planners with an overall viewof the shelter situation for the area being considered as well as to define those is-sues requiring planning decisions before actual plan-ning can proceed.

The scope of the basic analysis includes:

- obtaining all reference data and maps;

-conducting a visual survey where necessa-ry to clarify data;

- defining areas requiring policy decisions;

-preparing a list of buildings to be surveyed within the scope of the updating survey Fall-out Protection Survey of Canada;

- reviewing planning decisions based on data available;

-reporting work progress for approval.

This work should be considered as a recon-naissance task to recognize the shelter situation, deter-mine what has to be accomplished and develop procedu-res to complete a practical Community Shelter Plan.

2-2. General View of Shelter Situation

An appreciation of the existing shelter situ-ation is obtained by comparing population needing shelter to aval labi I ity of usable spaces for a given area. In small areas this task would not be too ardous. Large com-munities should be sub-divided into small manageable planning areas taking into account likely boundaries and drainage areas. Afull appreciation includes considera-tion of the following planning factors:

-Objectives of the Community Shelter Plan: The main objectives of the CSP are to provide fallout protection for the people of that com-munity, to develop an effective plan and to distribute information for its implementation during an emergency. Additional objectives may well be included, but it is necessary for the planner tofully appreciate the objectives before he starts.

- Available Usable Space and Distribution: The number and location of potential shelter spaces are given in the National 1nVentory printout sheets. Thesepotential spaces are not necessarily usable spaces, however, and therefore, it will be necessary to examine them with respect to existing ventilation and physical usage problems. The planner may be required to undertake this work. Evalua-tion of shelter space is given in Fal lout Shel-ter Standards and Evaluation at Annex 11-1.

Many rural areas may have little or no satis-factory communal shelter capability and the population may be a considerable distance a-way from any available shelter. Under these conditions, consideration should be given to the use of home basements and improvised fal lout shelter as a means of protection. Ho-me shelter may also have to be used to sup-plement a community shel ter plan where there is a significant shortage of other shelter spa-ce.

- Shelter Standards: The concept of community shelter planning must be based on the use of the best available protected space. Two types of shelter space have been established:

(1) Standard Space; (2) Limited Standard Space;

and details are given at Annex 11-1.

-Population Distribution: Consideration of a detailed population distri-bution is paramount to development of an ef-fective plan. Population information by city block is the most useful level of detail and every effort should be made to acquire such Information, since it is extremely difficult to make the specific allocation step without it.

-Al locational Priorities: This will generally cover the priority of al-location of people to shelter spaces in hos-pitals and institutions, taking into account patients and inmates, staff and the public as well as available space.

-Movement to Shelter: Available time for movement to shelter, traf-fic routes and patterns, mode of travel, dis-tance from shelter andpossible weather con-ditions all affect the development of a satis-factory movement to shelter plan.

- Physical Environment: The natural and man-made features of the area, the type of terrain and physical barriers to movement are important considerations in determining the boundaries of drainage areas and routes to shelter. The relationship of physical boundaries to administrative bound-aries should not be forgotten, since it could be mutual I y beneficial perhaps to have an out-lying area, if necessary, as part of the CSP of the adjacent municipality.

2-3. Areas Requiring Planning Decisions

Al though some guidel Ines have been formula-ted for decision making, there will be several issues which can be decided only at the local authority level of government.

2-1. •

I.

• These points should be referred to the local CEP Advisory Committee.

During the preliminary analysis, the planner should note the areas and issues which require a deci-sion before further planning can proceed. These points will include but may not be limited to:

- boundaries (mutual benefits);

-population distribution to be used (peak-day, peak-night, peak-peak);

- shelter facility standards;

- movement to shelter (travel times, travel mo-des).

2-4. Analysis of the Environment

2-4. 1 Base Maps:

A sufficient number of base maps showing the entire community should be available; alter-natively, a base map would have to be prepa-red, which can be readily reproduced. The number of copies required will depend upon the size of the community and the complexity of the environment. For clarity in presenta-tion, large-scale maps of central core areas, having a concentration of shelter facilities, may supplement the base map.

Initially, the sub-division of a large com-munity into planning areas should relate to existing, well defined, natural or man-ma-de barriers.

The planner must realize that it is impera-tive to maintain a master base map shewing the various Implications of data col lected and planning factor decisions made dur ing the de-velopment of the CEP.

2-4.2 Physical Environment Maps:

Each community has unique and special fea-tures which affect the physical environment. The planner needs to reflect these features in the CEP because they may influence bound-aries of sub-divided areas, the movement of people to shelter and land use. Al I avai lable maps, including aerial photographs, should be collected, which provide information re-lated to:

- land use;

-housing;

-population density;

-transportation;

-topography.

Table (2-1) indicates the type of map requi-red for analysis.

The Information col lected should be recorded on maps or overlays. The planner is re-minded that while the ultimate object of ana-lysis is to provide a reproducible plan of the community, the map scale chosen at this sta-ge will greatly influence the efficiency of the work that follows, quality of reproduction, printing costs and distribution.

In some cases, data col lected Is vague or not fully understood. In order to clarify these items, they should be listed, checked during the visual survey and maps revised accord-ingly.

2-5. Analysis of situation

2-5. 1 General:

The analysis of the situation is a prelimina-ry study to compare the number of persons needing shelter with available usable shelter spaces in a community as well as to provide a basis for subsequent steps in the CEP.

The National Inventory contains details of the best available protected shelter space. Be-cause these results (see table 2-2 for sample printout) indicate information relevant to CEP, other than protected space itself, an explanation of the pertinent data is shown in Table 2-3,

POTENTIAL SHELTER SPACES CALCU-LATED FROM THE FINAL SURVEY RE-SULTS MUST NOT BE USED FOR CEP.

If the number of usable spaces has not been evaluated and provided to the planner, this work will be included in the basic analysis. The examination and evaluation procedures to determine the number of usable spaces in potential fal lout shelter areas are outlined in the Fal lout Shelter Standards and Evaluation Guide. This information must be known be-fore attempting to proceed with further ana-lysis.

2-5.2 Shelter Location Map:

Once basic material and data for the area have been col lated and listed in a manner sim-ilar to Form 1 1-5.1.,the shel ter f aci I ity data is transferred to a copy of the base map pref-erably one which is reproducible. The fol-lowing procedure, which is suggested for a

medium size city, should be modified as ne-cessary so that large cities, urban areas and small towns may be adapted:

-Verify building location (ensure that building has not been demolished).

-Identify each shelter facility and locate on the

base map by a symbol, such as a small round sticker.

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2-2. •

• TABLE 2-1,

MAPS REQUIRED FOR ANALYSIS

TYPE OF MAP ENVIRONMENT INFORMATION ANALYSIS USE

Land occupation Residential, commercial, industrial, . Community growth institutional, parks, uncommitted. . Updating CSP

. Movement of people

Topographical(aerial Natural and man-made barriers such .Division of large a-

photos) as rivers, swamps, ridges, canyons, reas, railroads, expressways, canals, air- . movement of people, ports, fenced estates and Institutions. . traffic control, Crossing points to barriers. .Emergency routes.

Street network Street widths and number of lanes per . Travel mode, street, main traffic arteries and flow . drainage routes, patterns, parking areasand capacity, . drainage areas. main bottlenecks.

Services Gas, electrical, water and sewage • Local emergency systems, communications systems (in- measures prepared- cluding radio, T. V. and telephone) ness and planning. and siren coverage.

Projected changes Long term development plans for com- .Updating CSP, munity - include changes envisaged . planning factors. from zoning, population and vehi cu I ar traffic.

Detailed population Summary of population by block and by .Movement of people, area Hotel/Motel registrations. . night-time peak.

Special day popula- Students al school, workers in indus - .Movement of people,

tion try, commerce, special visitors to , day-time peak. conventions, exhibitions, or influx of vacationers, persons in transit (air-craft, trains, buses, ships).

-The symbol should indicate the relevant shel-

ter facility data. The example shown below is given as a guide only:

A -building number, BI -shelter spaces of PC 2, B2 - shelter spaces of PC 3, B3- shelter spaces of PC 4, B4- shelter spaces of PC 5-8, C -estimated number of occu-

pants.

-Data for soma facilities may need clarifica-tion. In such cases, queries should be I isted for inclusion in the visual survey.

-Colour coding may be used to quickly iden-tify high protection categories, mechanical

ventilation and auxiliary power in facilities.

2-5.3 Shelter Situation:

To provide a basis for making a preliminary

analysis of the shelter situation in the com-

munity, maps should be made as they relate

to the peak populations in each planning area.

Usually, three peak populations need to be

considered, these are peak-night, peak-day

and peak-peak.

2-3. •

o o

o o

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.003 6 3276 3276 26208 0 0 0 0 0 o

TABLE 2-2.

NATIONAL INVENTORY SAMPLE PRINTOUT

CANADA EMERGENCY MEASURES ORGANIZATION- FALLOUT PROTECTION SURVEY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS OF CANADA

BUILDINGS FOR SUMMARY - JAN 1969 PROVINCE 3 ZONE 4 SUBZONE 412

BUILDING NUMBER 2924

KEMOLL NUMBER 3 4 412 5 9 02924 Urvi COORDINATES 19 330 5186 PARTS= 5 STOREYS 2 ECOLE DES INFIRMIERES MUN ST MICHEL-ARCHANGE

PEAK OCCUPANTS 84 GAS POWER HYDRO-AUX 116KW + WATER CITY & SEP SANITATION CITY & SEP VENTILATION NAT & MECH

STOREY WALL A WALL 8 WALL C WALL D CEILING REDUCTION PC AREA S-AREA C-AREA VOLUME XMA XMB XMC XMD XCL FACTOR

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.001 0.001 8 2222 2222 1 0.0 0.031 0.001 0.031 0.004 0.067 2 3420 1710 2 0.0 0.007 0.001 0.007 0.028 0.042 3 3420 1710

19998 0 0 0 0 0 23940 0 15 0 15 115

22230


KEMOLL NUMBER 3 4 412 5 9 02925 UTM COORDINATES 19 330 5186 PARTS= 5 STOREYS= 4 ECOLE DES INFIRMIERES MUN ST MICHEL-ARCHANGE

PEAK OCCUPANTS 84 GAS POWER HYDRO-AUX 116KW + WATER CITY & SEP SANITATION CITY & SEP VENTILATION NAT & MECH

STOREY WALL A WALL 8 WALL C WALL D CEILING REDUCTION PC AREA S-AREA C-AREA VOLUME XMA XMB XMC XMD XCL FACTOR

-1 0.000 8

0 0.0 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001 7 4229 4229

1 0.0 0.014 0.010 0.054 0.000 0.078 2 4700 2350

2 0.0 0.002 0.005 0.030 0.001 0.037 3 4700 2350

3 0.0 0.020 0.004 0.023 0.004 0.050 2 4700 2350

4 0.0 0.022 0.003 0.018 0.026 0.069 2 4700 2350

0 50748 0 0 0 0 0

25850 0 0 0 27 0

25850 25850 25850


KEMOLL NUMBER 3 4 412 1 7 02926 UTM COORDINATES 19 331 5187 PARTS= 1 STOREYS= 1 SILO NO 2 PORTS NATIONAUX QUE

PEAK OCCUPANTS 20 NO GAS POWER HYDRO AUX - 0 WATER CITY SANITATION CITY VENTILATION NATURAL

STOREY WALL A WALL B WALL C WALL D CEILING REDUCTION PC AREA S-AREA C-AREA VOLUME XMA XMB XMC XMD XCL FACTOR

1 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.014 0.015 4 16384 8192 0 811008 0 0 0 0 42

• • •

•

•

TABLE 2-3.

EXPLANATION OF INVENTORY PRINTOUTS

Data Interpretation * Analysis Use

1. Building number Identifies building or building part Cross-checking pur- within subzone and zone. poses.

2. UTM Coordinates ' , UniversalTransverse Mercatorugrid Locating building. system locates building within a squa- Estimating shelter re of 1000 meters x 1000 meters. surpluses and defi-

cits by UTM.

3. Parts For computation purposes, complex Define spacesifacill- shaped structures were sub-divided. ty. Each portion called a building part, Note: some facilities was given a building number and the may extend over a total number of building 'parts , per considerable area and structure is stated. may have to be consi-

dered separately.

4. Name and Civic Postal address. Locating building.A1- Number locational priorities

5. Peak Number of Represents maximum number of occu- Assists in est imat Ing Occupants pants usually in building (does not in,- day-time populations.

clude clients in store for example).

6. Services: - gas Type of serviceor system to building Emergency prepared- - power or separate system within building. ness. Emergency - water services available to - sanitation shelterees.

1

- ventilation Natural or mechanical. Elevating usable shelter spaces.

7. Storey Locates floor areas. Protected areas.

8. Reduction Factor The reciprocal of the protection fac- Cal cu I ate protection (RF) tor PF = 1/RF. factor of floor area

under consideration.

9. Protection Factor Each PC represents a range of pro- Best available shel- Category (PC) tection factors, i.e. ter. Planning factors.

PC PF Range

1 2 — 9 2 10 - 19 3 20 - 49 4 50 - 99 5 100 - 199 6 200 - 499 7 500- 1000 8 >1000

10. S-Area The area, in square feet, for which Potential shelter spa- the protection factor does not signi- ces. ficantly fall below the computed value for the geometric centre of the area.

* refer to ' , Fallout Protection Survey of Canada-Interpretation Guide for Survey Resultsn-EMO IM 100-2 for complete details.

2-5. •

•

- widths, conditions and available traffic lanes in thoroughfares;

- the general building and house construction within the community;

- location of sensitive facilities;

- location of service buildings: drugstores, power plants, telephone exchanges, disposal plants, water pumping stations, retail food outlets, bulk fuel outlets, wholesale food

warehouses, jail and special facilities such as tunnels, mines, caverns, caves, subways, basement extensions and others.

2-6. Fallout Shelter Standards and Evaluation

The criteria for estimating fallout shelter space for use in the CSP are difined in the document "Fallout Shelter Standards and Evaluation". Refer to Annex 11-1.

2-7. Establishing Planning Factors

2-7.1 General:

A workable and practical plan for the best protection available requires an accurate e-valuation of the survival optionsfor the com-munity. The planner is not required to make policy decisions, however, he will be expec-ted to prepare planning factor recommenda-tions for review and decision by local public officials. Each factor, determined from sur-vival options, should be clearly stated and should be consistent with all other factors. The final published plan should make sense to the citizens and be credible to them. In addition, the plan needs to be endorsed by the community's leaders and officials.

Planning factors require to be established for:

-Peak-night population: refers to the normal resident population found in the latest DBS (updated) census figures adjusted to accountfor night workers. Since the ratio of night workers to total population is usually insignificant, this adjustment may be neglected in the majority of communities.

-Peak-day population: refers to the location of the normal resident population at work, at school and in the home. The data for peak-day population is compiled from various local services by collating in-formation obtained.

-Peak-peak population: is the higher of the peak-day and peak-night populations for a planning area. The peak-peak population of a community is the sum of the peak-peak populations of each area. The planner may find it advantageous to develop detailed population figures at this time as outlined in section 3-3.

-the actual location of buildings included in the National Inventory;

-buildings which have been demolished but remain listed in survey printouts;

-surveyable new structures not listed in Na-tional Inventory;

-vvhere necessary, usable shelter spaces in the community;

- land occupation use;

-special barriers to movement;

- barrier crossing points;

-location and capacity of parking areas in the vicinity of shelter areas (summer and winter capacities may be different and the lesser should be used);

- main thoroughfares and traffic patterns; The population maps, prepared frompeak po-pulation data, must be compared with iden-tified usable shelter space in each area to determine whether population distributions should be considered for different times of the day in all parts of the community. Allow-able travel time and other planning factors must also be considered in determining po-pulation distributions. In calculations, areas having insufficient usable shelter space(shel-ter deficit) are indicated by negative num-bers. Those with surplus usable shelter spa-ce (shelter surplus) are indicated by positi-ve numbers. The shelter deficit for each area is indicated on the map in large red fig-ures while a shelter surplus is indicated by large green figures.

Maps (or overlays) of population versus shel-ters should be prepared for each peak popu-lation when considering the following pro-tection levels:

-spaces with PF 25 or more;

-spaces with PF 50 or more;

-spaces with PF 100 or more.

These maps will also be used for planning factor decisions such as the number of allo-cations (day, night, seasonal) that should be made, updating requirements, allocational priorities to be made and planning movement to shelter.

The purpose of the visual survey is to pro-vide the planner with a technique by which he can collect information not available from other sources, verify data obtained for the analysis, observe the unique environment

features within the community and provide updating survey details. The actual infor-mation sought during the visual survey will depend I arge I y on the quality of the input data available. The planner may be required to determine:

2-5.4 Visual Survey:

2-6. •

- allocating people to shelter;

- optimum use of shelter facilities;

-time available for movement to shelter;

- travel modes;

-travel distances.

Because factors are closely interrelated their development and application must be based on skill and professional judgement; it is not merely a mechanical or mathematical pro-cess. A brief outline of a few of the more important considerations is given in the fol-lowing paragraphs.

2-7.2 Development of Peak Population Figures:

Selection of the population distribution most suitable for the community may take into ac-count:

-spaces and level of protection desired;

-special day populations;

-visitors in transit or vacationers;

-extension of boundaries for the mutual benefit of adjacent communities;

- travel di stances and modes of travel.

Where there is an extensive amount of shelter space the implications of providing space for use by other communities should be investi-gated.

Dividing families during an emergency may create problems and the family unit should be kept together where distance and circulation considerations allow. A planning decision on this matter is required at the early stages of the CSP development.

Some sensitive facilities such as hospitals may have excellent protected space that could be used by the publ ic. The option to use this space is at the discretion of authorized local off icials. Refer to Annex 11-2 for guidel ines on the use of hospitals areas as fallout shel-ter space. Sensitive faci I ities may be selec-ted by community leaders as non-public shel-ter areas. These should be placed on a pri-ority list for use by occupants and/or desig-nated emergency personnel only.

Decisions made for any one planning factor must not conflict with decisions made with respect to other planning factors.

2-7.3 Optimum Use of Shelter Facilities:

Generally shelter areas which have a capa-city of less than 50 people would not normal ly be regarded as public shelters. However, should the community encounter a serious de-ficit in shelter spaces, it may be deemed necessary to include these shelter areas.

In some deficit areas, shelter space in homes may need to be included so that persons with-out shelter would have protection.

Basically, the problem of optimum use of shelter facilities is how to balance such fac-tors as movement times and shelter resour-ces currently available, to arrive at the best and most vvorkable solution for the communi-ty. Planningfactor decisions made with re-spect to allocations of persons to shelter and optimum use of shelter facilities must be carefully assessed and evaluated.

2-7.4 Time Available for Movement to Shelter:

General planning factors are provided for the time available for movement to shelter. These factors of time-distance relationships must be adapted to reflect the situation in each community, they are:

-warning time (time to reach shelter):

minimum - 15 minutes; maximum - 3 hours (in isolated a- . reas).

The time available to shelter the population will vary according to the arrival times of fallout after nuclear detonations. This will depend on the location of the community rela-tive to likely targets and the decision should be taken after careful consideration of all factors involved.

-movement assumptions:

Table2-4 provides a guide to the rate of tra-vel and acceptable distances for travel mo-des.

TABLE 2-4.

TRAVEL RATE AND DISTANCES

Area Travel rate Maximum capability

Central high Walking: 3mph - density

Suburban Walking: 3mph 2 miles Riding: 20mph 15 miles

Rural Riding: 40mph* 50 miles

*The psychological barrier to driving long distances should be considered for any dis-tance above 40 miles.

Vehicular movement must include planned parking and time to reach shelter will include walking time from parking area to shelter.

-*,

2-7. •

• In rural communities the riding travel rate should be reduced to reflect road conditions, unimproved roads, narrow bridges or other obstructions which tend to reduce traffic flow. Since both warning time and movement as-sumptions are key factors in a workable plan, recommendations concerning the planned time available to reach shelter, for planning pur-poses, should be credible and not conflict with one another.

2-7. 5 Travel Modes:

The mode of travel, whether vehicular or pedestrian must be related to the density of population, density of non-residential activi-ties, available transportation alternatives, adopted movement time, distances to shelter, movement routes, capacity of movement rou-tes, vehicular parking and operational con-cept.

Vehicular traffic should be limited except in cases which allow citizens the best use of shelter and best available shelter. For ins-tance, vehicular traffic may be appropriate for movement of people from remote areas or suburban areas to central districts in large cities or for rural movement.

The use of vehicular traffic should allow for inherent problems, such as:

- obstruction to flow patterns by stalled or a-bandoned vehicles;

-the need for police officers to direct traffic;

-maintening emergency vehicular routes open (fire, ambulance, police),

The time to reach shelter by vehicular traf-fic should include:

-time to enter vehicle;

- time in transit to parking area;

-time for parking;

-time for walking from car to shelter.

In areas with varying densities, where dif-ferent modes of travel are used, the bound-aries that must not be crossed should be clearly defined.

Table 2-5 provides some guidel ines for deter-mining the mode of travel to be used. How-ever, walking should be used whereverpos-sible .

2-7. 6 Travel Distances:

Analysis of the shelter location map will de-fine concentrations of shelter faci I it ies which can be considered as a single unit for defi-ning drainage areas. By estimating the max-imum distances necessary to utilize these shelters, the need for alternative modes of transport and travel times can be determined.

The distance that can be traveled is a func-tion of the time available for movement to shelter, movement assumptions and travel mode. In addition, the planner should adjust calculated distances to allow for time not a-vailable for travel, such as parking time and time locating and entering shelter.

TABLE 2-5. MODE OF TRAVEL

• Indicator Travel Mode

• high population density, walking • limited travel time, • shelters nearby.

• low population density, riding . adequate street capacity, • sufficient travel time, • shelters far away, • parking space available.

. limited parking space riding and nearby shelter, walking

. sufficient travel time, • limited travel routes, • shelters far away.

2-8. Report

A report on the Basic Analysis is required for distribution to the local EMO/CD Coordinator, Pro-vincial EMO/CD Coordinator and the Canada EMO Natio-nal Coordinator. The report shall include:

- a brief description of the work indicated on the flow chart for this stage at Annex 11-7;

-a brief statement of the planning factors and of the general shelter situation;

-a list showing local authority appointment and name of each person on the CSP Advisory Committee;

- a list of new buildings to be included in the updating process;

- a letter from the local EMO/CD Coordinator stating that the local CSP Advisory Commit-tee has reviewed and approved stage II of the CSP.

Approval and comments on the report should be received from the Provincial EMO/CD Coordinator before proceeding with the next stage.

•

2-8. •

SUMMARY

- Define goals and objectives of CSP.

- Determine planning factors.

- Prepare maps.

- Define areas requiring planningfactor decisions.

- Analyse the environment.

- Determine the shelter/population situation.

- Conduct a visual survey.

- Define areas having shelter deficits or shelter surpluses.

- Record new surveyable structures for updating purposes.

- Prepare and submit report.

•

•

• CHAPTER III

GENERAL SHELTER ALLOCATION

•


The basic anal ysis provided a general over-view of the shelter situation in the area or community and identified those areas that required a decision be-fore planning could proceed. It provided the necessary information to enable these decisions to be taken as well as providing a shelter-population comparison.

The general shelter allocation is an aid to preparing the specific shelter allocation and covers the allocation of population to shelter, taking into account the physical characteristics of the area and the travel time established in the basic analysis section. Artifi-cial boundaries are replaced by general drainage areas that take into account the various features that may con-stitute physical obstacles to movement. It also provides confirmation that the planning assumptions are sound, leading to development of a firm base from vvhich the

specific allocation can be made.

This step may be omitted for the preparation

of community shelter plans for smal I communities and for

those that have a simple shel ter-population distribution. In large areas and communities and those having a com-plicated shelter-populationdistribution, the general sh-elter allocation is important because it can serve as an

overall skeletal plan for the region, ensuring that plans

for sub-areas are adequately coordinated and that uni-form planning factors are used. This general shelter allocation for the region can also serve as an interim outline shelter plan in an emergency, should community shelter plans for the region not be completed at that time.

Planning factors and guidelines given in the

Basic Analysis section can also be tested here before the Specific Shelter Allocation step is developed.

3-2. General Allocation Areas

Consistent with the shelter-population dist-ribution information, the community should be divided into logical planning areas between which little cross movement is likely to occur after warning. These areas are usually determined by physical boundaries and obs-tacles such as rivers, highways, railways, swamps, woods and also by low population density areas. In the

case of large communities, dividing each into a few plan-ning areas will help simplify analysis of movement to

shelter.

General drainage areas are determined using

the maps previously mentioned, endeavouring to obtain areas in which population and usable shelter spaces

would be about equal. In doing so the various planning

factors must be kept in mind. Where population from a

shelter deficit area is allocated to an area having sur-plus shelter, the barriers to movement and the distance

time limitation of movement must be considered carefully.

Unsheltered, outlying population should be directed to the high capacity shelters, where it is prac-ticable to do so. Low capacity shelters scattered throug-hout the community should be reserved for population in

the immediate vicinity. Since there is usually a concen-tration of shelter spaces in central business districts,

the time and distance limitations for movement may make it impracticable to use many of these spaces. Travel routes to shelter concentrations must be carefully ana-lyzed and well Indicated on the general allocation map.

A general shelter allocation map should be prepared showing:

- areas of sheltered population;

- areas of unsheltered population;

- areas having surplus shelter;

- areas with shelter deficits;

- most likely drainage routes.

3-3. Population In General Allocation Areas

A summary of sheltered and unsheltered po-pulation is required for each general drainage area for each of the three population distributions prepared in section 2-5.3.This should show locations of Limited Stan-dard Space. Although population distribution informa-tion by city block, enumeration area or polling sub-division may be used in preparing the summary, the ge-neral shelter allocation need not provide an accurate estimate of the sheltered and unsheltered population. Population estimates for the Specific Shel ter Allocation, however, must be careful ly prepared and given In detal I.

It is necessary to determine the type of data and the depth of detail needed to make the population es-timates. Precise population estimates for small areas such as blocks and enumeration areas will be required for the shelter drainage areas, but for the shelter de-ficit areas, larger estimating units can be used, since only the total deficit population must be known. In cases

where the established travel distance Is the limiting fac-tor, rather than the shelter capacity, population esti-mates may not have to be so precise, since the number of available shelter spaces will likely exceed the popu-lation that can use them. This, of course, may not be the case If the area is being considered as a reception area.

3-4. Movement Route Capacities

If vehicular movement is planned for a drai-nage area, or part thereof, then it will be necessary to examine the likely vehicular volume in relation to the capacity of the probable movement routes as well as to the terminal parking facilities. Based upon the results of this examination it may be necessary to adjust the gen-eral drainage area boundaries somewhat to reduce, if necessary, the volume of traffic.

3-1. •

• SUMMARY

- Determine general allocation areas.

- Delermine population and usable shelter spaces for each general area.

- Determine areas of surplus and deficit space.

- Determine movement routes between shelter def-icit and surplus areas.

- Prepare general allocation map.


3-5. General Shelter Allocation

When the general shelter deficit and surplus areas have been determined, it is necessary to match or balance these areas and identify the routes between. This may require further re-adjustment of drainage are-as in order to develop an overall acceptable allocation plan.

3-6. Evaluation of General Shelter Allocation

This stage constitutes an evaluation of all steps taken up to this point and includes assessment of:

- approach to the CSP - is it consistent with planning guidelines -and requirements;

- all planning factors - have any been omitted that could invalidate the plan or that could improve it;

- simpl icity and workabi I fly of the general allo-cation plan.

3-7. Prel iminary Plan for Public Information Dis- semination

A preliminary public information plan should be prepared at this stage to permit concurrent develop-ment of the final public information dissemination plan. Determine here what information is required, to whom it should be distributed and what form it will take so that maps to the required scale may be prepared.

3-8. Report

A report on the General Shelter Allocation is required for distribution to the local EMO/CD Coor-dinator, Provincial EMO/CD Coordinator and the Canada EMO National Coordinator. The report shall include:

-a brief description of the work indicated on the flow chart for this stage at Annex 11-7;

- maps and tabulations showing the general al-location of population to shelter concentra-tions (see Form 11-5 . 2 );

- a letter from the local EMO/CD Coordinator stating that the local CSP Advisory Commit-tee has reviewed and approved stage Ill of the CSP.


•

3-2. •

• CHAPTER IV

SPECIFIC SHELTER ALLOCATION

•


The objective of the specific shelter alloca-tion stage is a detailed plan for al locating the population In smal I areas (city block or equivalent) to specific shel-ter facilities. It is a shelter allocation plan based on the best available usable protected space.

The major. elements involved in the prepara-tion of the specific allocation are:

- Re-evaluation of Planning Factors;

-Population Estimates;

-Allocation to Specific Shelter Facilities;

-Preparation of Public Information Maps.

It will be necessary to update the shelter allocation plan as changes in population and shelter space inventories occur. Procedures for updating are given in Chapter IX.

4-2. Re-evaluation of Planning Factors

Planning factors considered in the Basic A-na I ys is section, that affect allocation of people to shel-ter, should be reviewed here and refined if necessary. In particular, final decision should be made on the num-ber of population distributions (that is night-time, day-time) to be considered, as well as travel time, method of travel and travel distances. The local Emergency Measures Coordinator should participate ful ly in this re-evaluation.

Since details of the specific shelter alloca-tion will have to be translated into instructions that will be readily understood by thepublic, the format and re-quirements for the public information maps should be de-termined prior to undertaking specific shelter alloca-tion.

4-3. Population Estimates

Population estimates are required in some detail by small area for the specific allocation. Census population figures may not be current and, therefore, unless current population figures by city block or pol I ing sub-division are available, new peak population figures should be developed.

The method of determining the drainage area population figures is essentially the same as that used for the general allocation.

4-4. Allocation to Specific Facilities

4-4.1 General:

Four basic pieces of information are requi-red to prepare the specific allocations:

- detailed population by small area;

- usable shelter spaces;

- general allocation information;

- movement route locations and capacities.

The process of specific allocation is one of repetition, of refining the solution until an optimum solution is reached.

4-4.2 Allocation:

The allocation sequence will generally be as fol lows:

- allocate population to specific shelter facili-ties, or shelter clusters, commencing in the area where the greatest number of shelter spaces exist, working outwards towards the deficit areas. Shelter clusters should be considered as one facility for the purpose of allocating people.

-allocate peak population in a block to shel-ter located in that block first and then allo-cate surrounding population until either the capacity of the shelter is reached or the ma-ximum allowable travel distance is reached. Using the allowable travel distance and wor-king outwards from large capacity shelters, a circle should be drawn to provide a guide as to the geographical area from which popu-lation can be directed to Shelter.

-population should be allocated to the nearest facility and people should not be required to pass one shelter to reach another, where possible.

4-4. 3 Movement Routes:

Movement routes for pedestrians and vehicu-lar traffic must be selected with care and normal traffic routes should be incorporated into the movement system where feasible to facilitate use of plan. These routes should be marked on the specific allocation map.

Where any vehicular movement is planned, the specific routes should be selected for each drainage area and terminal parking fa-cilities identified for each shelter or group of shelters. In doing so it will be necessary to consider:

- access routes;

- route capacity;

-parking capacity;

- number and location of persons requiring shelter.

In developing these movement routes it is essential that the local traffic engineer or plan-

4-1. •

SUMMARY

- Re-evaluate planning factors.

- Prepare small area population estimates.

- Compare small area population and shelters.

- Make specific allocation.

- Determine movement routes.

- Consider operational factors.


ner and the police and fire services partici-pate.

4-4.4 Specific Allocation Accounting Forms:

Population al located to shelter and population not allocated to shelter must be recorded on the shelter al location accounting form. These records are required in making shelter allo-cations updating the allocation plan and mo-nitoring the project. Information required includes:

-population distribution - peak night, peak day or peak peak;

- location of small area from which population is allocated;

-location of small area to which population is al located;

- location of shelter facility;

-population allocated to standard space;

- population al located to Limited Standard Spa-ce by protection factor category;

- population not allocated;

-number of Standard Spaces;

- number of Limited Standard Spaces;

-number of spaces allocated.

In deficit areas, community shelter not meet-ing the required standards may have to be u-sed as an interim measure. However, these facilities should be phased out in future up-dating of the allocation plan as additional Standard Space becomes available.

Shelter standards are given at Annex 11-1.

4-4.5 Community Shelter Operational Considera- tions:

4-4. 5. 1 In developing the specific shelter al location, operational requirements should be considered, since they may affect the allocation of space. These requirements should include:

-select ion and development of Municipal Emer-gency Government Headquarters (MEGHQ) (if not already in existence), see Annex11-3;

- special protection for police, fire, rescue, health units and Canadian Forces elements;

- selection of headquarters for shelter clus-ters;

-provision of communications from MEGHQ to each shelter cluster headquarters and from the shelter cluster headquarters to each shel-ter f aci I ity;

- siren coverage of the community;

-emergency control of traffic and shelter po-pulation.

4-4.5.2 Planning and development relating to these requirements is not considered part of the community shelter plan development, but they are part of the development of the overall community survival plan.

4-5. Report

A report on the Specific Shelter Allocation is required for distribution to the local EMO/CD Coor-dinator, Provincial EMO/CD Coordinator and the Canada EMO National Coordinator. The report shall include:

-a brief description of the work indicated on the flow chart for this stage at Annex 11-7;

-summary of planning factor decisions;

-maps of the specific allocation suitable for use in informing the public;

-tabulations of the allocation on the shelter allocation accounting Form 11-5.3;

-summary of the allocation tabulations for the whole community shelter planning area;

-a detailed description of the method of deter-mining the small area population and the method of allocating population to shelter;

-description of the preparation of the shelter allocation plan, including rationale;

-discussion of operational considerations;

-a letter from the local EMO/CD Coordinator stating that the local CSP Advisory Commit-tee has reviewed and approved stage IV of the CSP.


•

•

4-2. •

- stockpi I ing

-control

- to facilitate distribution;

- decisions for implementation, who, how, when.

• CHAPTER V

EMERGENCY PUBLIC INFORMATION

- timing

•


An essential component of the CSP is the emergency public information plan. Since effectiveness of the community shelter plan in an emergency is depend-ent on the public knowing vvhat to do and vvhere to go, careful development of the emergency public information plan cannot be overemphasized. The requirements, therefore, include preparation of detailed information concerning location of shelters, best routes and likely parking areas, and development of a satisfactory infor-mation distribution system.

The scope includes development of:

-general emergency information material;

-maps showing location of shelters, routes both vehicular and pedestrian, and parking areas, together with necessary instructions for the individual to identify his shelter;

-detailed plan for distributing the CSP infor-mation package to the public;

- detailed plan for advising the public of de-tails of the CSPduring periods of increased international tension.

5-2. Information Package

The information package should contain:

- general emergency information in combina-tion with the detailed local CSP maps;

-special instructions concerning local condi-tions;

-CSP maps indicating location of shelter and method of selection, routes, parking areas (where multi-jurisdictional areas exist, it may be necessary to provide separate maps for each);

-instructions concerning use of home shelter, if applicable.

5-3. Plan for Information Distribution

5-3. 1 Factors:

Development of the plan must include consid-eration of the following:

- recipients - identification, numbers, relative location;

-information - type, size of package, pos-sibility of transmission on radio and television;

- existing methods, their sim-plicity, special or ad hoc arrangements;

- information distribution on completion of CSP in time of

increased international ten-

sion;

5-3.2 Distribution:

Options for distribution may be considerabie, and will certainly include distribution by:

-mailing (separately or with public utility

bills);

- publication in local newspapers, magazines;

-publication in local telephone directories;

- schools, colleges, universities;

-employers;

-available at local post offices.

Distribution for new residents must not be

overlooked and options may include:

-when power and water meters are converted;

- when telephones are installed or connected;

- through a 'welcome wagon' or similar proce-dure.

5-4. Report

A report on the Emergency Public Information Plan is required for distribution to the local EMO/CD Coordinator, Provincial EMO/CD Coordinator and the Canada EMO National Coordinator. This report shall include:


- a copy of the complete CSP information pack-age;

-detailed plan for distribution of the CSP information package on completion of CSP and in periods of increased international ten-sion;

-detailed plan for communicating information on the CSP to the public, other than through distribution of the information package, in an emergency and in periods of increased in-ternational tension;

- a letter from the local EMO/CD Coordinator stating that the local CSP Advisory Commit-tee has reviewed and approved stage V of the CSP.

- methods of distribution

5-1.

•

• SUMMARY

- Determine emergency public information require-ments.

- Prepare emergency public information package.

- Determine necessary distribution and select dis-tribution system.

- Develop detailed procedures for distribution of emergency public information package.

- Develop detailed procedures for communicating CSP information.

•

5-2. •

•er

• 6-1. Purpose and Scope

CHAPTER VI

IDENTIFICATION OF SHELTER DEFICITS

-existing shelter space.

This step involves identifying precisely local

deficits of shelter space not meeting the requirements

of standard space, detailed in the document ' , Fallout

Shelter Standards and Evaluation' , and tabulating them

by Protection Factor Category. Both current deficits and anticipated future deficits, based on shelter space expected to be added by new construction or subtracted by demolition as well as on expected population growth,

as of 1976 and 1981, require to be evaluated. Estimates of future shelter space requirements must not be con-fined to areas currently having deficits but also include those areas which have a current surplus of shelter space.

While the purpose of this section is to iden-tify shelter deficits on a uniformbasis throughout Cana-da, by quantity and location, it also provides the basis

for Chapter VII -DEVELOPMENT OF SHELTER SPACE

to ensure that all people can be allocated to shelter spa-

ce meeting minimum standards.

6-2. Current Deficits

6-2.1 Population:

In determining shelter deficits, use the max-imum population figures obtained for the area, whether this be resident, day or night popu-lation.

6-2.2 Shelter Spaces:

The deficit figures are based on the use of existing standard space only. Standard spa-ce should include those identified during the updating survey. Spaces not recorded in the National Inventory are invalid and must not be used.

6-2.3 Situation:

The current shelter deficit situation is de-termined by making a comparison of the num-ber of existing standard spaces that are a-vailable for the population requiring shelter.

The deficits resultingfrom such calculations provide the data on the shelter which must yet be developed, not only in the community but also throughout the nation.

6-3. Estimated Future Deficits

6-3.1 General

The purpose of estimating future deficits is to provide the community with a basis for encouraging the development of shelter space and determining priorities. Required are two series of calculations comparing the estima-ted populations with:

-shelter space which may be available from new future construction;

These are referred to as planned inherent space deficits and unplanned space deficits respectively. The planner's skills, techni-ques and judgement are particularly valuable when estimating population growths and pre-dicting future shelter space.

6-3.2 Population:

Population estimates should be based on or extrapolated from the most recent DBS cen-sus. Figures so obtained should be revised to include population statistics gathered at the local level of government by studies or other records. In estimating population gr-owths, the planner should have an intimate knowledge of the community's future land use as well as the development patterns within the community.

6-3.3 Unplanned Space Deficits:

The populations estimated for years 1976 and 1981 are compared with the number of ex-isting standard shelter spaces previously determined in section 6-2.2. The calculated figures give a preliminary indication of the future deficits should no new shelter spaces be added to the National Inventory .

6-3.4 Planned Inherent Space Deficits:

The National Inventory of protected space is principally made up of buildings which have inherent protected space, that is, buildings that have not been specifically designed to provide protection against fallout radiation. Future construction will provide additional limited protected space which may be availa-ble for public use. The planner must pre-dict the number of standard shelter spaces that will come into being as a result of nor-mal future construction activities within the community. Do not include in predictions the shelter space which may result from any pro-gram designed to develop specific fallout shelter space in the community.

A comparison is made with estimated popula-tions and the sum of existing and additional future standard spaces for years 1976 and 1981. The resulting figures provide an es-timate of the shelter deficits for the area if the local officials do not support and encou-rage development of shelter space in new construction.

6-3.5 Shelter Losses:

Community development may include urban renewal, transit systems and other projects that require buildings contained in the Na-tional Inventory to be demol ished and, hence, loss of available shelter space. These losses

6-1. •

SUMMARY

- Determine current shelter deficits.

- Define population growths and locations.

- Predict shelter losses (1976 and 1981).

- Estimate population requiring shelter (1976 and 1981).

- Predict number of future shelter spaces (1976 and 1981).

- Estimate future shelter deficits.

- Tabulate calculations for submission with com-bined report for stages VI and VII.

should be estimated by analyzing development plans prepared for the community. The es-timated number of shelter losses are to be deducted from the number of existing shelter spaces before the above comparisons are ma-de in this phase of the CSP.

6-4. Anticipated New Shelter Space

6-4.1 General:

Estimates of additional shelter space are to be made, based on those buildings that are likely to be constructed within the scope of the Updating Survey. The Updating Survey is intended to cover all categories of new buildings and major additions having a mini-

mum protection factor of 10 and a minimum floor area of 1000 square feet excepting the following:

- all DND owned and operated buildings;

- mines and caves;

- residential buildings as follows: . detached, semi-detached or double, . town housing or row housing, • duplex, triplex or fourplex, • apartments with fewer than seven units.

6-4.2 Construction Indicators:

In order to evaluate a community's ability to add shelter space to its existing inventory, the planner should examine past and present trends that are relevant to construction. These trends, or construction indicators, provide a basis for estimating the number of shelter spaces that will become available at a future date. Construction indicators in-volve the examination of factors in community growth such as, but not necessarily limited to:

-rate of increase in population;

-land use map;

-construction costs (building permits);

- increase in industry;

- increase in commerce;

-increase in available existing shelter space (Updating Survey);

-short and long term development plans.

In addition, the type of construction involved should also be considered as vve I I as building types. Use of one-storey structures and light weight materials have resulted in buildings that offer little protection against fallout re, diation.

6-4.3 Public and Semi-Public Plans:

Short and long term development plans by Federal, Provincial and local governments

provide data on newfuture facilities planned for the community. These public facilities often give very good protection against fall-out.

Civic organizations, such as school boards, may have well planned construction prog-rams. Because semi-public faci I ities (chur-ches, schools) are distributed in a manner which corresponds to population growth, any resultingnew shelter spaces would be ideal-ly located.

6-4.4 Commercial and Industrial Construction:

By analyzing the labourforce growth and re-lating this growth to construction require-ments for commerce and industry, an estimate can be made of the shelter space that might become available. Data estimated from the National Inventory of shelter space for past years and for the updating survey, also pro-vide a guide in estimating future new shelter space.

Report

The work described in this section will be included in a combined report to be submitted on comple-tion of stage VII.

6-2.

6-5.

•

•

•

• CHIAPTER VII

SUMMARY

- Tabulate Standard and Limited Standard shelter space and current and future (1976 and 1981) def-icits.

- Prepare a list of shelter facilities whose capac-ity can be increased by additional ventilation, indicating the number of additional spaces re-sulting from increased ventilation.

- Consider vulnerability of power sources.

- Identify shelter spaces not allocated.

- Prepare local plan for development of shelter space.

- Prepare combined report for stages VI and VII.

- CSP Advisory Committee review and approval.

DEVELOPMENT OF SHELTER SPACE

7-1. Improvement of Existing Space by Added Ven- tilation

Short-term and long-term plans will be re-quired to alleviate the problem of present and future deficits of shelter space. The short-term solution I ikely to be most productive, particularly from a benefit cost point of view, concerns the improvement of existing space by additional ventilation.

Areas of structures having ventilation rates that cannot support one person per 12 square feet of floor space, in accordance with Fallout Shelter Stand-ards and Evaluation at Annex 11-1, can usually be im-proved by increasing the ventilation rate. That is, the capacity may be increased with the addition, in an emer-gency, of portable ventilation equipment. Those struc-tures indicated in the National Inventory of shelter space as having mechanical ventilation should be examined with a view to utilizing or adapting existing ventilation duct-work in conjunction with portable ventilation equipment.

It is necessary for the planner to develop a list of shelter facilities, particularly in deficit areas, whose capacity could be increased by additional ventila-tion. The list should indicate the number of currently usable shelter spaces and the number of additional shel-ter spaces that could be provided by this additional ven-tilation.(see Form 11-5.5).

7-2. Protection Oriented Design

Protection from fallout gamma radiation re-sults from the existence of mass shielding and from certain considerations of geometry. Buildings must have some mass and by appropriate manipulation of the geom-etry of this mass, that is by rearranging the location of building elements, the protection level of a proposed building may be remarkably improved. Even if no funds are available for the provision of fallout shelter in new buildings, encouraging the use of protection oriented techniques by the planner, at the preliminary design stage can increase significantly over a few years, the number of shelter spaces that might become available.

7-3. Identification of Additional Spaces

In some areas, f al lout shelter space in excess of the immediate requirement may be identified, but the shelter space requirements of an area are likely to increase and, therefore, it is essential that the planner systematically record other potentiel shelter locations for future reference. In addition, it is highly desirable to up-date this inventory by adding references to new buildings, even though this potential is not yet required. The identification of this additional shelter space will provide a basis for developing nevv shelter as required, and for contingency planning for unexpected loss of shel-ters or unexpected shelterees.

7-4. Report

A combined report covering sections VI and

VII is required for distribution to the local EMO/CD Coordinator, Provincial EMO/CD Coordinator and the

Canada EMO National Coordinator. This report shall include:

- a brief description of the work indicated on the flow chart for these stages at Annex 11-7;

- a summary of the shelter deficit situation for the whole community;

-a tabulation of the number of existing stand-ard and limited standard shelter spaces and the number by which these spaces could be increased by added ventilation for each shel-ter area and each shelter facility, see Form 11-5.4.

-a tabulation of the number of standard and limited standard shelter spaces, for each planning area within the boundaries of the community, detai ling current shelter deficits and future shelter deficits (1976 and 1981), see Form 11-5.4.

- a detailed local plan for the development of fallout shelter space in new public and pri-vate construction. This plan will include administrative procedures and assignment of responsib i I ities to local government agencies to encourage incorporation of shelters in new construction;

- the actions to be implemented by the local authority in an attempt to eliminate or reduce shelter deficits;

- a letter from the the local EMO/CD Coordi-nator stating that the local CEP Advisory Committee has reviewed and approved stages VI and VII of the CEP.


7-1.

e

1.1.

• CHAPTER VIII

LICENSING AND MARKING

Details to be prepared.

•

8-1.

e

• CHAPTER IX

PROCEDURES FOR UPDATING THE CSP


The purpose of this section is to outline pro-cedures and responsibilities for periodically updating the community shelter plan as a result of changes that occur in the community which affect or alter the basic plan.

The principal requirement of updating is to record changes in inventory of space and population so that the best available space is allocated should the need arise.

Responsibi I ity will be assigned to specific a-gencies to coordinate and control the updating of commu-nity shelter plans.

It is essential that community shelter plan-ning records are maintained in a proper manner and that the status of the plan is compatible vvith community needs at any future date.

9-2. Available Data Sources

Matching people with fallout protected space involves the number and location of persons in the com-munity and the number and location of shelter spaces a-

vailable to the community. The specific allocation plan which is a basic element in the total community shelter plan will, over a period of time, tend to become obsolete due to population growth, population movement, commu-nity development and general construction.

The outputs from several data sources need to be monitored and channeled to a single resource point to provide inputs for revising community shelter plan-ning records.

Table 9-1. indicates the sources of data and information required for updating purposes.

Sequence of Events

9-3. 1 General:

Updating the community shelter plan will be a continuous operation executed in two major efforts. First, the data collected that upda-tes file records should be transferred to the shelter allocation plan at convenient inter-vals. Second, the entire community shelter plan needs to be reviewed by the planner to ensure that changes envisaged in the plan do not conflict with establ ished planning factors.

9-3.

TABLE 9-1.

INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR UPDATING PURPOSES

SOURCE DATA INPUT TO

• Building permits: . Major construction and de- . Updating survey Local authority molitions

• Updating survey: . Survey printouts . Additional shelter spaces Federal authority . Shelter losses

• Assessment records: . Population density . Population distribution Local and/or provincial au- . Population growth thority

• DBS Census: . Population by block . Night-peak population Federal authority

• Development plans: . Environmental changes • Barriers to movement Local authority . Drainage areas

. Travel modes

• CEP Advisory Committee: . Planning factor decisions • Review decisions Local officials

9-1. •

9-3.2 Updating the CSP Shelter Allocation Plan: - Reinstating the CSP Advisory Committee. • Increases and decreases in both population and shelter space may seriously affect the credibility of the community shelter plan. Since the plan must be credible, it follows therefore, that any changes that occur to these totals should be systematically recorded.

The frequency of updating will be determined by the quantity and occurrence of transitions in the local shelter inventory or population size and distribution. Annual updating may be required in areas of rapid growth; how-ever, in areas that have been developed or rural areas with limited growth potential, updating at longer intervals may suffice.

The defensive capability of the community shelter plan would soon be destroyed if the plan is not kept current. It is for this rea-son that updating must be considered as part of the plan. Procedures are to be developed that will ensure that revisions can be expe-diently incorporated in the shelter allocation plan. These procedures will take into ac-count the following:

- information sources;

-data inputs;

-data recording system;

- evaluation of data;

-updating interval for revising shelter allo-cation plan;

-implications of the revisions;

-reviewing method of updating;

-responsible agencies.

9-3. 3 Updating the Community Shelter Plan

Application of procedures which revise the shelter allocation plan will serve as a basis for reviewing and updating the CSP. Accrued population and shelter space information col-lected over a period of several months or years may jeopardize the credibility of basic assumptions, planning factors and decisions and hence the overall concept of the plan. The planner is required to develop procedu-res which will update the CSP and retain its overall defensive capability. A suggested time interval for this work is five years or more specifically, years which follow a cen-sus year.

Updating procedures are to be developed for:

-Ensuring that tabulated data and Shelter Al-location Plan reflect the current status of the community.

- Reviewing implications of revisions derived from updating the shelter allocation plan.

- Reviewing planning factors.

- Reporting to Advisory Committee and rec-ommending changes to CSP.

- Implementing Advisory Committee decisions.

-Estimating future shelter deficits for follow-ing two census years.

- Revising shelter allocation plan.

-Preparing and submitting a revised CSP Final Report.

- Out I in ing responsibilities.

-Distributing revised documents to citizens.

- Reviewing method adopted.

In preparing a revised final report as detailed in Annex 11 -4, the planner will also include a section describing the measures taken by the community to overcome shelter deficits and briefly outline the effectiveness of these measures. In communities where a program for developing shelter space has not been effective, the planner is to give causes for the failure of the program and indicate the steps being taken to correct the problem.

9-4. Agencies Responsible

The responsibilities for the work to be car-ried out in updating should normally be as described below:

9-4. 1 Federal Government:

-Protection surveys for updating;

- establishing field survey work priorities;

-revising the National Inventory of Fallout Shelter space;

-data processing;

-producing and distributing inventory print-outs normally issued to provinces;

-coordinating CSP updating in Canada and providing technical advice to provinces.

9-4. 2 Provincial Government:

- Authorizing Updating of CSP to proceed;

-reviewing CSP updating reports;

-approving revised CSP documents;

- maintaining provincial CSP records;

-establishing provincial priorities;

-distributing inventory printouts;

-coordinating CSP updating in the province.

•

9-2. •

•

•

9-4.3 Local Authority:

- Developing proceduresfor updating the shel-

ter allocation plan and their implementation;

- developing procedures for updating CSP and their implementation.

9-5. Report

A report on the Procedures for Updating the CSP is required for distribution to the local EMO/CD Director, Provincial EMO/CD Coordinator and Canada EMO National Coordinator. This report shall include:


• -the proceduresfor updating the shelter allo-

cation plan;

-the procedures for updating the CSP;

- a letter from the local EMO/CD Coordinator stating that the local CSP Advisory Commit-tee has reviewed and approved stage IX of the CEP.

Approval and comments on the report should be received from the Provincial EMO/CD Coordinator before proceeding vvith the next stage.

SUMMARY

- Establish information sources.

- Obtain basic updating data.

- Evaluate and record updating data.

- Revise shelter allocation plan periodically.

- Consider implications of new data on CEP.

- Reinstate CSP Advisory Committee.

- Review planning factors.

- Recommend revisions to CSP.

- Incorporate CSP Advisory Committee decisions

into CEP.

- Finalize shelter allocation plan.

- Review procedures.

- Prepare and distribute report.

•

CHAPTER X

APPROVAL OF COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN

10-1. Requirements and Scope

Approval of the community shelter plan re-quires the following actions:

- local authority approval (through CSP Advi-sory Committee) of each step of the plan as it is developed, prior to proceeding with sub-sequent step;

-preparation of draft final report;

- distribution of draft final report and receipt of comments;

- preparation of final report;

- submit to local authority for approval.

10-2. Procedures

Throughout development of the community shelter plan, the local authority will have made certain basic decisions concerning the concept as it affects the particular community. However, it is necessary that the local authority approve each step of the plan, lea-ding to approval of the completed plan and its adoption.

Prior to final approval by the local authority, it is necessary to prepare a draft final report on the community shelter plan fordistribution to the local EMO Coordinator, provincial EMO/CD Coordinator and Cana-da EMO National Coordinator for review and comments.

On completion of the review and on receipt of comments, the planner then prepares a final report for submission to the local authority for official appro-val. One copy of the final report should be forwarded to the provincial EMO/CD Coordinator and one copy to the National Coordinator, Canada EMO.

Official approval must include approval of:

-the shelter allocation plan;

-emergency public information;

-procedures for disseminating the emergency public information;

- procedures for developing shelter in deficit areas;

- procedures and responsibility for updating shelter allocation and for updating, (if re-quired) the complete community shelter plan;

- any recommended bylaw concerning incorpo-ration of shelter into proposed public and private buildings.

A detailed sequence of events is given in the community shelter planning flow chart at Annex 11-7.

10-3. Final Report

The final report should include:

- a summary of the planning factors considered and the planning criteria used in allocating the population to shelter;

- a summary of specific shelter allocation, location of deficit areas, amount of deficit, number of people for whom no public shelter is available;

-supporting information to explain specific shelter allocation plan, including appropri-ate maps, charts, tables;

- copies of maps and instructions on the-com-munity shelter plan that would be distributed to the public, as well as a summary of plans and procedures for dissemination;

-a summaryof actions to be taken to alleviate shelter deficits, including details of any rec-ommended bylaw for incorporating shelter into proposed public and private buildings;

-details of plans and procedures for keeping the specific shelter allocation plan current in view of estimated population and shelter faci I ity changes (this should include the name of the specific Department or Agency made responsible for the updating and a schedule of estimated man-days required);

-a letter from the local EMO/CD Coordinator stating that the local CSP Advisory Commit-tee and authorities have reviewed and ap-proved the CSP.

An outline format for thefinal report is given at Annex 11-4.

10-4. Briefing Aids for Local Authority

Formal presentation of the Community Shel-ter Plan to local authority officials by the local EMO Coordinator, and/or planner, is required for formal approval and adoption. Maps, charts, tables and other appropriate information suitable for use in making the presentation should be prepared by the planner. This should contribute towards a necessary professional pre-sentation.

10-1.

SUMMARY

- Prepare draft final report and distribute to local EMO/CD Coordinator, Provincial EMO/CD Coor-dinator and Canada EMO National Coordinator for review and comments.

- Preparefinal report on receipt of comments and distribute one copy each to Provincial EMO/CD Coordinator and Canada EMO National Coordi-nator.

- Prepare briefing material and conduct prelimi-nary briefings as required.

- Conduct briefings for formal approval and adop-tion.

•

•

10-2.

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ANNEX 11-1.

FALLOUT SHELTER STANDARDS AND EVALUATION

•

•

•

FALLOUT SHELTER STANDARDS AND EVALUATION

EMO TM 100-4 MARCH 1971

PREPARED BY

OVERHILL ENGINEERING LIMITED

OTTAWA ONTARIO

•

FOR THE

CANADA EMERGENCY MEASURES ORGANIZATION DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENCE

OTTAWA CANADA

•

FOREWORD

This Fallout Shelter Standards and Evaluation Manual has been developed to provide planners in the civil emergency measures field with guidance on the design standards for communal fallout shelters in both existing and new construction and on methods for eval-uating the capacity of potential fallout shelter in existing structures.

The standards given here and the proposed method of evaluating shelter capacity are for communal survival shelters only and do not include details of the requirements for emergency operating centres, hospitals and other special purpose structures.

The Canada Emergency Measures Organization would appreciate receiving observations and comments which would further the development of shelter standards and the method of determining shelter capacities.

C. R. Patterson, National Coordinator.

•

•

0

•

• CONTENTS

Preface

Page

ill

•

1. INTRODUCTION

1. Purpose and Scope 1

2. Applications and Restrictions 1

3. Physiological Limits 1

4. Glossary and Definitions 2

2. SHELTER STANDARDS

t. Introduction 3

2. Radiation Protection 3

3. Space 3

4. Ventilation 4

5. Filters 4

6. Heat 4

7. Power 4

8. Lighting 5

9. Water Storage ew Supply 5

10. Waste Storage 5

11. Fixture Scale 6

12. Condensation 6

13. Noise 6

14. Access E? Egress 6

15. Layout 6

16. Fire Protection 6

V •

EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL SHELTER SPACE

1. Introduction 9

2. Selection of Shelter Areas 9

3. Space 9

4. Ventilation 9

a. Space Type A 10

b. Space Type B 10

c. Space Type C 11

d. Space Type D 12

e. Electrical Ventilation 13

5. Heating 13

6. Power 13

7. Filters 13

Et. Sanitary Facilities 13

9. Water Supply 14

10. Fuel 14

ANNEXES

1. Shelter Ventilation 2

2. Shelter Heating 2

•

•

v i •

( 2 )

• SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION

1. Purpose and Scope 3. Physiological Limits

a. The purpose of this manual is to provide shelter planners in the civil emergency on the following human measures field with;

a. Temperature:

The shelter design standards are based physiological limits:

• c .

Design standards for communal fall-out shelters in both existing and new construction; A standard method of evaluating the population capacity of potential fall-out shelters included in the national inventory of potential fallout shelter space.

b. The manual includes habitability factors (based on 14 days occupancy) , design standards and techniques for evaluating shelter capacity. The shelter environment under fire and/or blast conditions is not included in this manual .

2. Applications and Restrictions

a Application of the standards contained in the manual vvill provide one of the basic data sources of information required to carry out community shelter planning. They are applicable only to survival shelters and do not cover emergency operating centres. Additionally these standards are applicable only to fallout shelters for normal healthy civilian populations

b. Only structures which appear in the national inventory of potential fallout shelter space should be considered and structures that have not been surveyed should be reported to the Canada Emergency Measures Organiza tion . The design standards for new construction are provideci as a guide to consultants and planners . Verification of actual fallout shelter spaces in new construction must be made on completion of the construction vvork.

Temperature R . H. °F. D .B.

Maximum 1 00% so* Minimum 100% 55

* 80°F. Effective Temperature Refer to Annex 1.

b. Oxygen, Carbon *Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide Limits :

Level 02 CO2

CO Period

Minimum 15%* - - 14 day Maximum - 0.5%* 0.005% 14 day Maximum - 3.0%* 0.02% 2 hour

* Unless carbon dioxide scrubbers are used, oxygen levels will always be adequate if carbon dioxide levels are within tolerance.

Oxygen Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Production per Capita :

Oxygen Carbon Dioxide

(cu ft/hr) (cu ft/hr) Prone (at rest) 0.6 0.5 Heavy work 3.0 2.5

Design value 0.9 0.75

1 •

d. Per Capita Metabolic Heat Release: g. Per Capita Toilet Wastes: • Activity Rate (BTU/hr)

Prone (at rest) 300 Sitting quietly 400 Light vvork 660 Heavy work 1500

Design value 400

e. Per Capita Metabolic Heat Losses (400 BTU/hr) :

Dry Bulb Sensible Latent Moisture Temperature Heat Heat Evaporated

oF BTU/hr BTU/hr lb/hr

50 335 65 0.062

60 330 70 0.067

70 300 100 0.096

80 220 180 0.173

90 115 286 0.274

100 0 400 0.384

1. Per Capita Drinking Water Requirements:

75 80 85 90

TEMP. ° F D.B.

Minimum (normal) 1 qt./day Maximum (illness) 2.5 qt./day

4. Glossary and Definitions

Effective Temperature (ET) An index indicating the degree of warmth or cold felt by the human body.

Fallout Shelter A structure designed to protect a group of people from the effects of nuclear fallout gamma radiation.

Protection Factor The relative reduction in the amount of gamma radiation that would be received by an individual in a protected location compared to the amount he would receive if unprotected.

Standard Shelter Space A shelter space is considered to be a Standard Space if it has a protection factor of at least 100 or better and is provided with adequate ventilation to sus-tain at least one person per 12 square feet of floor space.

Limited Standard Space A shelter space is considered to be a Limited Standard Space if it has a pro-tection factor of at least 25 but does not comply with the requirements for standard shelter space.

>- < c 4

■ 23 CC

<2

01 •

2 •

• SECTION 2

SHELTER STANDARDS

1. Introduction

This section applies both to the design of new shelter spaces and to the evaluation of existing shelter spaces. The standards, given as per capita-day requirements , are based on the physiological limits outlined in Section 1. The standards are minimum, resulting in a relatively austere environment and therefore consideration should be given to increasing the per capita allowances where possible in order to improve safety factors and offset physiological stress.

The standards have been selected so that all shelter occupants will have a high probability of survival without a marked depreciation of physical well-being.

• PROPOSED STRUCTURES

2. Radiation Protection

a. The radiation protection factor ( PF ) shall be at least 100.

b. The protection factor may vary through-out a structure but the factor should be at least 100 for all floor area contemplated as shelter space. Particular care must be exercised in examining the loss of pro-tection through doors, windows, ventilation duct openings and other direct entrances into the shelter area . Protection factors shall be calculated in accordance with the methods detailed in EMO Manual No. 5.

3. Space

a. The per capita space allowance for shelters shall be 12 square feet vvith a minimum head room of 6-1/2 feet.

b. The space allowance of 12 square feet per person is a net allowance taking into consideration only free floor space, not the gross building area . The net floor allow-ance is that which is needed for sleeping, activity, cooking, vvashrooms and access-ways .

EXISTING STRUCTURES

2. Radiation Protection

The radiation protection factor ( PF ) shall be the best available but on no account less than 25. This should not be interpreted as implying that a PF of 25 is adequate.

3. Space

No change.

3 •

EXISTING STRUCTURES

4. Ventilation

No change.

• PROPOSED STRUCTURES

4. Ventilation

a. The minimum metabolic ventilation rate shall be 3 cubic feet per minute per person.

b. The minimum rate shall be increased for cooling purposes to restrict the shelter temperature to an average of 80°F effective temperature during vvarmer periods (refer to Annex 1) . Provision should also be made to restrict the ventilation allowance to the minimum of 3 cfm per person during cold periods.

c. Because of the low ventilation rates, provision must be made to distribute air to all shelter areas.

5. Filters 5. Filters

a. Filters are not required for: No change.

Natural ventilation systems; Manually povvered ventilation

systems; Electrically povvered systems with adequately protected air intakes.

b. An adequately protected air intake con-sists of a weather hood installed such that the intake face is at least 5 feet above the ground/roof level and that the intake face velocity does not exceed 40 fpm.

c. If an electrically powered system requires filters, the filters shall be equivalent to the domestic house filter (20 micron, 90% efficiency) , and shall be installed outside the shelter area .

(1) (2)

(3)

6. Heat 6. Heat

Refer to Annex 2. Provision shall be made to maintain occupied shelter temperatures above 55°F. Refer to Annex 2,

7. Power 7. Power

a. The reliability of commercial power No provision for electrical power unless

should always be investigated. The least generating unit exists .

cost per person for shelter capacity may be achieved by the use of stand-by gen-erators in larger shelters. The generator demand will be between 0.02 and 0.07 KVA per person.

4 •

• PROPOSED STRUCTURES EXISTING STRUCTURES

b The power standard includes all power used in the shelter . . The lower figure will not permit any power allowance for shelter heating or water heating , whereas the higher value will allow some use of the generator for these purposes .

8. Lighting 8. l_ighting

Lighting standards for fallout shelters shall consist of :

(1) 2 foot candles for sleeping areas (floor level) ; ( 2) 5 foot candles for activity areas ( table level) ; (3) 20 foot candles for working areas (kitchens , washrooms , machine rooms ) .

One kerosene lamp will be required for every 10 people in larger shelters if the assumption is made that power will not be available.

9. Water Storage and Supply 9. Water Storage and Supply

•

a The minimum water storage recommend-ation in a shelter designed for an average effective temperature of 80°F. is 1-1/2 gal. per person per day. The vvater supply requirements are approximately one gallon for drinking and one half gallon for all vvashing purposes ( kitchen and personal hygiene)

b. If more moderate shelter temperatures are planned, the water storage requirement may be lowered to one gallon per person per day at 75°F. and to a linearly pro-portional volume at intermediate temper-atures .

c. For toilet usage the per capita water storage requirements are as follows:

(1) Sag type toilets Nil (2) Storage vaults Nil (3) Chemical toilets 0.6 gal./day (4) Limited flush toilets 6 gal . /day (5) Standard flush toilets 30 gal ./day

d. Part of the drinking water supply can be stored as food supplies.

No change

10 .Waste Storage 10 .Waste Storage

. The per capita waste storage volumes are:

(1 ) Toilet wastes 1/2 gal . /day ( 2) Washing and liquid

garbage 1/2 gal . /day (3) Dry garbage 1 cu .ft . /day (4) Toilet flushing liquid Varies

No change.

• 5

PROPOSED STRUCTURES EXISTING STRUCTURES • b. Temporary storage may be considered, as wastes can be moved outside the shelter area.

11 . Fixture Scale

a. The fixture scale for toilets shall be 35 persons per fixture for permanent type toilets , water closets , limited flush toilets or single purpose vaults

b. The fixture scale for wash basins (pans or lavatories) shall be 25 persons per unit.

12.Condensation

a. The shelter shall contain troughs and a sump to collect condensation at a rate equal to 50% of the latent heat release by the shelter population.

b. Cold overhead surfaces shall be insulated to prevent dripping water. .

13. Noise

Noise levels in an occupied shelter with all equipment operating shall not exceed the NCA 55 curve, (Approximately 85 db at 20 to 70 Hz, 62 db at 300 to 600 Hz and 55 db at 1200 to 4200 Hz. )

14.Access and Egress

a. A minimum of one main entrance and one emergency exit shall be provided fbr all fallout shelters , except the family shelter, , which will have one entrance only.

b. The main entrance shall have a width of 22 inches for every 200 inhabitants with a minimum width of 24 inches .

c. The shelter entrances shall be designed to admit the design population in 15 minutes.

d. Entrance and exit design shall comply, in all cases, with the local building codes.

15. Layout

a. Fuel storage and generating rooms shall be separated from the shelter living areas by a fireproof vvall with a 2-hour rating.

b. Noisy equipment areas shall be separated from the shelter living areas .

11 .Fixture Scale

a . The fixture scale for toilets shall be 15 persons per fixture for portable type toilets, chemical toilets or bag type toilets.

b. There is no change in the fixture scale for wash basins

12.Condensation

Because of the likelihood of condensation on outer walls and overhead surfaces, buckets and mops should be available in the shelter area .

13. Noise

No special provision, but improvised methods of reducing the noise levels during shelter occupation should be used.

14 .Access and Egress

Best openings available.

15. L_ayout

Dictated by existing structure.

6

•

•

• PROPOSED STRUCTURES EXISTING STRUCTURES

16.Fire Protection 16.Fire Protection

No change. a. Fire protection shall consist of sand pails, asbestos blankets, and water pails (if water is available) . One blanket and one pail shall be installed for each 600 square feet of shelter space.

b. ABC powder extinguishers shall be supplied for the machine and electrical rooms. One twenty pound extinguisher for each room.

•

7 •

•

•

o

•

Warehouse areas filled with heavy material not easily or quickly moved; Storage areas containing inflamm-able or explosive materials; Areas containing pipes which conduct potentially hazardous material, such as, steam, gas , chemicals , and so forth;

(4) Areas storing gaseous fuels or chemicals (propane, gasoline, or chlorine) or more than 200 gallons of stove or diesel fuel unless epecial design ensures safety; Areas containing open high voltage equipment (electrical vaults) .

(2)

(3)

(5)

SECTION 3

EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL. SHELTER SPACE

•

•

1. Introduction

This section describes the techniques of determining capacities of potential shelter areas. Capacities are determined on the basis of space and ventilation and in all cases the lower figure represents the safe shelter population. Although adequate pro-tection and ventilation are vital to survival of the shelter p6pulation, the other consider-ations given in the section on standards are important and probably will be extremely significant in a working situation.

These evaluation techniques are not applicable to the home fallout shelter.

2. Selection of Shelter Areas

All potential shelter areas should be examined. The following areas should not be considered for shelter space:

3. Space

a. The shelter standard for space is 12 square feet per person with a minimum head room of 6 feet 6 inches .

b. The net floor area is usable area only. The allowance is space needed for all shelter functions: sleeping, activity, kitchen, washrooms and equipment areas. Generally the net floor area will be 50% to 90% of the gross area measured by outside wall dimensions

c. Area that must be subtracted to obtain the net floor area will consist of areas based

on outside dimensions for immovables such as walls, pipes, radiators, furnaces, tanks safes, permanent shelving, heavy storage, vital stores or records, and items which cannot be quickly moved outside the shelter area. Furnishings do not decrease the net floor space because they can either be used or quickly removed.

d. In calculations, dimensions should be taken to the nearest six inches , areas calculated to the nearest square foot, and the population rounded off to the nearest whole number. .

4. Ventilation

Potential shelter space must be assessed twice for ventilation purposes; once on the assumption that no power is available, and once assuming that power is available. With no power available> the air flow through the shelter will depend on the augmented natural ventilation rate in an occupied space. With power available, many areas in new, larger buildings will have equipment installed adequate for shelter needs . In either case, the basic ventilation rate must be maintained Further, , to maintain tolerable temperatures the ventilation rate must be increased during warmer periods. The amount of cooling ventilation flow required will depend on ambient temperature conditions and on the amount of heat dissipated through the walls. For further information, refer to Annex 1 and to the map illustrating ventilation zones in Canada.

The metabolic heat release is assumed to be 400 BTU/hr. per capita for an un-powered shelter. To allow for the higher heat release rate of a working individual in shelters with planned manual ventilation equipment, the shelter population must be reduced by four for each manually operated fan.

This ventilation evaluation gives an ap-proximate population only. The inaccuracies are caused by:

(1) Gross averaging of meteorological conditions;

(2) Approximations of heat loss paths; (3) Averaging natural ventilation effects; (4) Ignoring internal air distribution.

9 •

The required ventilation rates for cooling are given on Map No. 1 of Annex 1. The allowable shelter capacities are obtained by dividing the shelter fresh air ventilation flow by the map ventilation factor. For shelter areas with ground-touching surfaces (floors and walls) , the allowable shelter capacity may be further increased because of the heat losses to the relatively cool surfaces in contact with soil. In all cases, the gross shelter capacity should be checked to ensure the shelter population a minimum metabolic ventilation rate of 3 cfm

For selection of the natural ventilation rate in shelters (no power available) , all shelter structures are considered to be in one of the following four types:

Description

All above ground space in buildings 4 storeys or more.

All above ground space in buildings 3 storeys or less °

Basement areas with cross ventil-ation.

Blind areas , rooms with only one entrance.

a. Space Type A

Space Type A is considered to be all above ground space in buildings of 4 storeys or more in which cross ventilation can be arranged. An open window or door lead-ing outside, into a stairwell or an elevator shaft are all regarded as possible ventilation openings. "Blind rooms" (rooms with openings in only one wall) are considered separately as Type D space. In Type A space, the maximum shelter capacity is considered to be limited only by the space available, i.e. the natural ventilation rate is considered adequate for shelter use.

b. Space Type B

Space Type B is considered to be all above ground space in buildings 3 storeys or less in which cross ventilation can be arranged. An open window or door lead-

ing outside, into a stairwell or an elevator shaft are all regarded as possible ventilation openings. "Blind rooms" (rooms with openings in only one wall) are considered separately as Type D space. Type B space is considered to have 3 air changes per hour with a minimum of 160 cubic feet per minute. Total ventilation flow can be calculated by dividing the room volume by 20. Subsequently the shelter capacity is calculated by dividing the ventilation flow by the ventilation Factor from Map 1. If the shelter area has a ground bearing slab, the shelter capacity may be increased be-cause of the heat loss to the floor. The population increase is one person for each 100 square feet of floor area (refer to Table 1). The total capacity figure must be checked to ensure that the ventilation flow is at least 3 cfm per person.

Calculation of the ventilation capacity of a Type B shelter is as follows:

Step 1. Determine gross shelter area

Gross area = room width X length

Step 2. Determine shêlter volume

Volume = gross area X room height

Step 3. Determine air flow

shelter volume Air flow (cfm) 20

Step 4.

Basic capacity - ventilation factor

(from Map 1)

Step 5. Determine capacity increase for ground contact floor slab (if applicable)

Capacity increase gross area

Step 6. Determine final capacity

Add results of Steps 4 and 5

Step 7. Capacity check

Total capacity X 3 must be less than the air flow (Step 3) .

•

-Type

A

Determine basic capacity

air flow

100

•

10 •

Air flow

Capacity

•

•

Example 1

Capacity Calculation for Type 13 Space

Shelter area = 600 sq.ft.

Shelter volume = height X area = 8 X 600 = 4,800 cu.ft.

room volume 20

4,800 = - 240 cfm. 20

air flow

ventilation factor 240 — -- 30 persons

8

Capacity increase because of floor slab in contact with the ground.

shelter ares 100

600 = 100 = 6 persons

Total capacity = 30 + 6 = 36 persons

CHECK Total capacity X 3 is less than air flow

36 X 3 = 108 cfm which is less than 240 cf m.

Shelter ventilation population is 36 persons

c. Space Type C

Space Type C is basement ares with cross ventilation. An open window or door leading outside, into a stairwell, an elevator shaft or a ventilation shaft are all regarded as possible ventilation openings . Unless space is in a blind room (see Type D space) the shelter area is con-sidered to have 1-1/2 air changes per hour with a minimum of 160 cfm. Total ventilation flow can be calculated by divid-ing the room volume by 40, subsequently the shelter population is calculated by divid-ing the ventilation flow by the factor from Map 1. If the shelter has wall and floor slabs in contact with the ground, the shelter population may be increased because of the heat loss to the slabs • The population increase is indicated in Table 1. If only part of the surface is in contact with the soil , the population increase is proportional. The ventilation flow must never be less than 3 cfm per person.

% Losses Capacity Increase

Area Floor Wall Total Floor Wall Total

100 12 38 50 1 3 4

200 12 28 40 2 4 6

300 12 21 33 3 5 8

400 12 18 30 4 6 10

500 12 16 28 5 7 12

750 12 14 26 7 1 q 16 2

1 ,000 12 12 24 10 10 20

1,500 12 10 22 15 13 28

2,000 12 9 21 20 15 35

3,000 12 7 19 30 18 48

4,000 12 6 18 40 20 60

6,000 12 5 17 60 25 85

8,000 12 4 16 80 30 110

10,000 12 4 16 100 35 135

20,000 12 3 15 200 50 250

50,000 12 2 14 500 80 580

75,000 12 1 13 750 90 840

90,000 12 1 13 900 95 995

Table 1. F 1_00R Ea WALL_ LOSSES

Calculation of the ventilation capacity of a Type C shelter is as follovvs :


Gross area = room width X length

Step 2. Determine shelter volume

Volume = gross area X room height

Step 3. Determine air flow

, shelter volume Air flow (cfm/ - 40

Step 4. Determine basic capacity

Basic capacity = air flow ventilation factor

(from Map 1)

Step 5. Determine capacity increase for walls and floors in contact with the ground.

Select capacity increase for appropriate shelter area using Table 1.


Add results of Steps 4 and 5.


Total capacity X 3 must be less than the air flow (SteP 3) .

Capacity

11 •

Capacity air flow

ventilation factor

160 - 20 8

persons

contact vvith the ground as indicated in Table 1. The ventilation flow must never be less than 3 cfm per person.

Example 2 • Capacity Calculation for Type C Space

Shelter area = 600 sq.ft.

Shelter volume = height X area = 8 X 600 = 4,800 cu.ft.

room volume Air flow 40

4 800 - 120 cfm.

40

This is less than 160 cfm therefore use 160 cfm.

Calculation of the ventilation capacity of a Type D shelter is as follows:

Step 1. Determine basic capacity

160 cfm Basic capacity

ventilation factor (from Map 1)


Gross area = room widthX length

Step 3. Determine capacity increase for walls and floors in contact with the ground (if applicable) .

Select capacity increase for appropriate shelter area using Table 1.

Capacity increase because of wall and floor slabs in contact with the ground.

Shelter area = 600 sq.ft. Capacity increase from Table 1 = 14 persons

(If only half the vvalls were underground the increase would be 6+1/2X8 = 10 persons.

Total Capacity = 20 + 14 = 34 persons


34 X 3 = 102 cfm which is less than 160 cfm.


d. Space Type D

Space Type D is a nblind room", i.e. a room with an opening only on one side. Such rooms may be found in any location, in the above ground floors or in the basement of a building. The flow into such areas is limited to the flow through the door and is assumed to be 160 cfm. Care must be exercised in judging such areas. If blind rooms lead off blind rooms the flow is limited to 160 cfm for the total area and not for each room. The doorvvay to the blind room must lead outside or to an area that is cross ventilated with more than 160 cfm.

The shelter capacity is calculated by dividing 160 cfm by the factor from Map 1. Ground floor and basement capacities in blind rooms may be increased because of the heat loss to floor and wall surfaces in


Add results from Steps 1 and 3.


Total capacity X 3 must be less than 160 cfm.

Example 3

Capacity Calculation for Type D Space

Air flow = 160 cfm.

air flow ventilation factor

_ 160 - 20 persons 8

Capacity increase because of wall and floor slabs in contact with the ground. (Consider the case of the floor and one wall in contact with the earth.)

Shelter area 600 sq.ft. Ca- pacity increase from Table 1:

Floor allowance = 6 persons Wall allowance = 1/4X8 = 2 persons

Total increase = 8 persons

Total capacity = 20 + 8 = 28 persons


28 X 3 = 84 which is less than 160 cfm.


Capacity

12 •

• e. Electrical Ventilation Example 5

Calculation of Shelter Heating

•

The maximum ventilation requirements for fallout shelters vary between 1/2 cfm per square foot to just over 1 cfm per square foot. Frequently, ventilation installed for normal use vvill offer comparative ventilation rates. The best check for powered ventilation rates is to use design figures generally available from the building dravvings. If such figures are not available, the powered ventilation rates can be roughly assessed by estimating:

Air conditioning units at Centrifugal fans at Propeller fans at

The exhaust or the supply fans to a shelter should be totalled separately, not together. The shelter capacity can then be assessed by dividing the ventilation rate by the factor from Map 1.

Example 4

Ventilation Calculation With Powered Fans

Supply fans: 1 unit, centrifugal, 3/4 HP. Air flow = 3/4 X 2000 = 1500 cfm.

Exhaust fans: 3 units, propeller, 1/10,1/4, Ed 1/4. Air flow = 0.6 X 3000 = 1800 cfm.

Shelter air flow = 1800 cfm.

5 , Heating

a. Reference to Map 2, Annex 2, will indicate areas that do not require shelter heating provided that:

(1) The shelter air flow is limited to 3 cfm;

(2) The shelter area is fully occupied.

b. In all other areas shelter heating shall be estimated at 5 BTU/sq.ft. per hour.

Shelter volume = 4800 cu .ft. (see Example 2)

Shelter heat required = 4,800 X 5

= 24,000 BTU/hr.

6. Power

a. If the shelter does not have a stand-by generator, , fuel burning lights shall be provided. If a stand-by generator is available, any installed lighting will be adequate for shelter purposes.

b. The size of the stand-by generator should be checked by multiplying the maximum shelter capacity by 0.1 and comparing the results to the generator name-plate rating.

7. Filters

Unless powered ventilation equipment is used for the shelter, filters are not required. If powered ventilation equipment is available for shelter purposes, the normal building entrance filters are adequate. If filters are to be installed, a square foot of household type filter is required for each 500 cfm. of air flow.

8. Sanitary Facilities

a. Shelters with a capacity below 100 do not need separate male and female facilities. Toilets should be available as follows:

(1) 1 flush toilet for every 35 people; (2) 1 portable toilet for every 15 people;

b. Except for bag type toilets or sanitary vaults, extra water for toilets is needed as follows:

Standard flush toilets - 30 gallons/capita

Limited flush toilets - 5 gallons/capita

Chemical toilets - 0.6 gallons/capita

( )

(2) (3)

1000cfm/HP 2000cfm/HP 3000cfm/HP

( 1 )

( 2)

(3)

day;

day;

day.

• 13

1/2 3/4

1

1/2 3/4

1

• c. Lavatories or wash basins should be provided at a scale of 1 unit for each 25 people.

d The use of the municipal system should always be considered because the municipal sevvage system vvill, in many instances, remain operational after a nuclear attack. Failing this , liquid wastes must be stored and disposed of outside the shelter area . One gallon capacity is required for each capita-day.

e. Plastic garbage bags are recommended for dry garbage on the basis of 1 cubic foot of garbage per person per day.

9. Water Supply

The basic vvater supply (metabolic and washing) of 1-1/2 gallons per capita day will be found stored in many buildings.

Possible storage will include vvater pressure tanks (normally 1/5 full) , hot vvater tanks, piping, fire systems , and water storage tanks. Table 2 will assist in estimating storage quantities .

10. Fuel

Fuel storage required can be estimated as follovvs :

Kerosene lamp - 1/2 gal. for 14 days ;

Kerosene cooking - 4 gal. for 14 days ;

Diesel fuel - 0.1 gal/KW-hr.

Diesel lubrication - 0.15 gal/KW for 14 days ;

Heating -2 gal/person for 14 days ;

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

PIPE (Diameters in inc

Outside Diameter

TANKS (Diameters in inches) hes)

Nominal Copper Iron Gal/ft Diameter Gal/ft Diameter Gal/ft

12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 4 6

1-1/2 2

13/16 1-1/16 1-5/16 1-7/8 2-3/8 2-7/8 3-1/2 4-1/2 6-5/8

0.009 0.019 0.034 0.077 0.14 0.21 0.31 0.54 1.22

4.90 6.65 8.70

11.0 13.6 16.5 19.6 23.0 26.6

30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 48

30.6 34.8 39.2 44.0 49.0 54.3 60.0 65.7 78.4

Table 2. ESTIMATING STORAGE QUANTMES

•

14 •

• Annex 1

•

SHELTER VENTILATION

The maximum shelter temperature of 80°F. (Effective Temperature) is estimated to be the average shelter temperature during an average day in July. Map 1 in this Annex indicates the ventilation rates required to control shelter temperatures at this limit. Diurnal temperature variations will result in shelter temperatures rising above, and falling below, 80°F. Record hot spells will result in average shelter temperatures above 80°F, but with the ventilation rates indicated on Map 1, it is not expected that shelter temperature peaks will exceed 86°F. (Effective Temperature) .

Map 1 indicates average ambient conditions. Shelters in geographic areas close to a higher or lower ventilation rate may, in the light of local conditions, be open to interpretation. For example, a large lake to wind-vvard will allow lower ventilation rates as will a high location. Conversely, southern or western slopes may result in higher than average local temperatures, and here the higher ventilation rate should be selected.

Map 1 is only generally applicable. Shelter designs should be based on an analysis of the shelter structure and the local conditions.

The map indicates the fresh air ventilation rate only. Internal air circulation within the shelter must be examined separately.

•

Annex 2

•

SHELTER HEATING

The minimum shelter temperature of 55°F is considered the average shelter temperature during an average day in January. Map 2 in this Annex indicates areas in which shelters do not require heat to maintain this temperature, provided that:

(1 ) The ventilation flow is limited to 3cfm./capita; (2) The shelter has one person per 12 sq .ft . of shelter space.

Ventilation rates higher than 3 cfm. per capita , or lower occupancy rates for the shelter , , will result in shelters requiring heating in all parts of Canada .

Actual heat requirements will depend on the shelter structure and the local weather conditions, but generally a heating rate of 5 STU/hr./cu.ft. is adequate for most of Canada. Shelter insulation, shelter crowding, shelter activity and extra clothing or coverings can offset the shelter heating needs in populated parts of Canada.

•

•

•

ANNEX 11-2.

GUIDELINES FOR USE OF HOSPITAL AREAS AS FALLOUT SHELTER SPACE


ANNEX 11-3

GUIDELINES FOR THE SELECTION OF MUNICIPAL EMERGENCY GOVERNMENT HEADQUARTERS


ANNEX 11-4.

OUTLINE FORMAT FOR FINAL REPORT

11-4.1 Table of Contents

Include list of maps, charts, tables, figures and annexes.

11-4. 2 Introduction and Summary

This section provides the local official with a synopsis of the report, including sufficient information to make a decision on the recommendations.

11-4. 2. 1 Background:

The following areas should be included:

- A brief resumé of the current threat as given in the Canada EMO document: "The Nuclear Threat to Canada".

- The necessity of making plans and prepara-tions in peacetimefor sheltering the popula-tion in a nuclear war emergency and the pur-pose of community shelter planning (for this part use the standard information provided by Canada EMO).

- General description of the community and re-lative geographic location (include location map).

11-4.2.2 Summary and Conclusion:

Include:

- Objectives of loçal community shelter plan (geographic area covered, accomodation al-located to neighbouring communities (if any), planned reception and so on)

- Summary of planning factors and criteria u-sed in allocating people to shelter.

- Summary of specific shelter allocation, lo-cation of deficits areas, amount of deficit and number of people for whom no public shelter is available.

- Summary of plans and procedures for disse-mination of information to the public on the community shelter plan. Include copies of maps and instructions to public.

-Brief statement on the need for development of shelter together with program proposals for alleviating shelter deficits.

- Statement on the need to update local com-munity shelter plans periodically.

11-4. 2. 3 Recommendations:

Recommendations concerning local, provin-cial and federal action should be given here and should include:

- Approval and adoption of community shelter plan and approval for dissemination of emer-gency public information documents.

-Actions to be taken to alleviate shelter defi-cits and approval of any recommended bylaw for incorporating shelter into proposed pu-blic and private buildings.

- Actions required to update the community shelter plan and department or agency to be responsible.

-Actions required at other levels of govern-ment.

-Other actions.

11-4.3 Preparation of Community Shelter Plan

11-4. 3. 1 She I ter Al location Plan:

Cover the following:

-Basic analysisas a basis for the plan.

- Planning factors and criteria.

- Shelter allocation plan.

11-4.3.2 Procedures for development of shelter:

-Future population and shel ter projections.

- Methods of developing shelter space, . adding ventilation; . incorporating shelter into new public

and private construction.

11-4.3. 3 Implementation Plan:

- Emergency public information readiness.

-Updating plans and procedures.

-Maps showing movement- to-shelter routes and parking areas.

11 -4.4 Annexes

11-4.4.1 Description of community and maps showing:

11-4.1.

-Areas of population allocated to shelter.

-Areas deficient in shelter.

-Vehicular travel routes and parking areas.

11-4.4.2 List of shelter facilities by:

- location;

-capacity;

-PF 25 or more;

- PF 50 or more;

- PF 100 or more.

Tabulation of persons:

- Sheltered in standard space;

-Sheltered in limited standard space;

. PF 25 to 49 . PF 50 to 99.

•

•

11-4.2. •

ANNEX 11-5.

FORMS

The following Forms are samples of those which should be used in the reports: ,

11-5.1 Basic Data Tabulation

11-5.2 General Shelter Allocation Accounting Forms

11-5.3 Specific She I ter AI location Accounting Forms

11-5.4 Future Deficit/Surplus Estimates

11-5.5 Possible Shelter Space Increase throughAd- ded Ventilation

_

..,---;:-.0----,,,---GOMMeIN11-Y-SHE s.., BASIC DATA TABULATION LOCALITY: '

PAGE:

' OF:

PROVINCE: r PREPARED BY: DATE;

, Potential shelter spaces Usable shelter spaces

Faci I ity no. UTM Coordinates No. of occupants Protection category Protection categor"y

Parts Building Name and address . Al location Special Remarks

Survey CSP no. Zone Easting Northing Staff Total Total 2 3 4 5 - 8 Total 2 3 4 5 - 8 priority services . , , -■

-

.; i

,

,

Shelter spaces with PF between 20 and 25 must be excluded from CF 3. 11-5.1.

1

COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN GENERAL SHELTER ALLOCATION ACCOUNTING FORM PAGE:

LOCALITY: OF:

PROVINCE: REFER TO MAP NO:

PREPARED BY: DATE:

Limited General Census Special Population Population Population

USABLE SHELTER SPACES Standard standard Area to Population Population Unallocated Remarks

area no. population population distribu- correction used PC 5-8 Surplus PC 4-8 Surplus PC 3-8 Surplus space space which al located to al located to population

of area tion used . (Deficit) (Deficit) (Deficit)

Surplus Surplus deficit is standard limited

,

(Deficit) (Deficit) allocated4 space std. space

•

Shelter spaces with PF between 20 and 25 must be excluded from CP 3. 11-5.2.

COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN SPECIFIC SHELTER ALLOCATION ACCOUNTING FORM PAGE: LOCALITY: OF: PROVINCE: REFER TO MAP NO:

. PREPARED BY: . DATE:

......b,

Specific Census Special Population Population Population CSP In area USABLE SHELTER SPACES Surplus Population Population Population

Over&surplus (deficit)Travel Remarks and priorities area no. population population distribution correction used shelter no. PC 5 - 8 PC 4 PC 3 used by allocated to allocated to unallocated modes of area used no. other standard limited std. PC 5-8 PC 4 pc 3 usable used usable used usable used areas space s•ace

• .

Shelter spaces with PF between 20 and 25 must be excluded from CP 3. 11-5.3.

COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN PAGE: FUTURE DEFICIT/SURPLUS ESTIMATES LOCALITY: OF: PROVINCE: REFER TO MAP NO: PREPARED BY: DATE:

PRESENT POPULATION FIGURES ESTIMATED INCREASES FOR 19 ESTIMATED INCREAF_ES FOR 19 Specific Area No. Population Allocated Allocated Unallocated Population Future spaces Allocated Al located In area Una,' located Population Future spaces Allocated Allocated In area Unallocated Remarks

(used) to standard to limited to standard to limited to standard to I imited Standard Limited std. Standard L_.imited std.

s• ace std. space space std. space space std. space

11-5.4.

COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN POSSIBLE SHELTER SPACE INCREASE THROUGH PAGE: LOCALITY: ADDED VENTILATION OF: PROVINCE: PREPARED BY: DATE:

Present usable shelter spaces Shelter spaces added by improved ventilation Specific Shelter Improvements Remarks

Protection category Protection category area no. faci I ity no. required

Total pc 5 - 8 PC 4 PC 3 Total PC 5 - 8 PC 4 PC 3 \

Shelter spaces with PF between 20 and 25 must be excluded from OP 3. 11-5.5.

ANNEX 11-6.

MAPS

Thefollowing Maps are supplied as examples only:

11-6.01 Barriers to Movement

11-6.02 General Allocation Areas

1 1 -6. 03 Land Use Map

11-6.04 Detailed Population Map

11-6.05 Shelter and Population Distribution

11-6.06 Number of Shelters per Block

11-6.07 Special Day Populations

11-6.08 Street Network Capacity

11-6.09 Available Parking

11-6.10 Deficit and Surplus Areas-PF greater than 100

11-6,11 Deficit and Surplus Areas-PF greater than SO

11-6.12 Deficit and Surplus Areas-PF greater than 25

11-6.13 General Allocation

11-6.14 Movement Map

11-6.15 Available Services

11-6.16 Operating Centers

11-6.17 Communications

11-6.18 Movement Control Points

11-6.19 Map of Projected Changes

11-6.0.

COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN scale

1000 500 0 1000 2000 3000 «all gig F lane II

letereallie eeell ekeilleleger eleeeetelelibigell

lelin°Stree :****e' Mal 011° Inlik 7enethe " *eel»

401 le eel° "fre

e".. 11101041 10101"Ire

• • •

BARRIERS TO MOVEMENT map 11-6.01


GENERAL ALLOCATION AREAS map 11-6.02


1000 2000 4000 3000 5000

feet

1000 500

‘ ill .. MI IIII -\\

uffligliill I pi lli\lif f INIIIIIIMIliii iegiànizeree ik„\miiiiiiillelkli771

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\\,„

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•,,

• •

Commercial

Industrial

I nesstiit eu nt i an a R d l

ot

...

. . .

.... ..; .. .. . ........ . .............. . ..

.. " .. ..... r ....... ...... .... eee . 1;!..! ••;:::;; .....

LEGEND

• •

LAND USE MAP map 11-6.03

LEGEND

COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN sca I e

1000 500 0 1000 2000 3000

/

«mar .11/

A

n'tligfijenvi eeTIR-

ok. et4irsiele, ..weciarter4'calvia teetr cg

seeicetedeetàtitil .4,3eieevemerew,443iihusliere

$ 120

136

7. liettegtiteeLeireeteeteN7 lee leittir" Ile 85 31 lee

-

feet

4000 5000

....

100 Population per city block

according to 1966 census 32

• • •

DETAILED POPULATION MAP map 11-6.04

B2 -

B 3 -

• COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN

imi in Ng ejliellie

- 11

meet „re, its ,4

0:11111111111111 ° Al filligglilliffillirgirilrel-t! ---

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Wee eig .dmi„ Irjrin.y.

.

2 ...„, • 110111ire 3 ;id, B4 - Spaces of PC 5-8 in area

C - Peak peak population in area

SHELTER AND POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

Spaces of PC 2 in area



per general area map 11-6.05

COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN

"

•:>,

fell

249 -->

scale feet

• •

NUMBER OF SHELTERS PER BLOCK map 11-6.06

COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN scale Imem== 1000 500 0 1000

J11111111, :' Iii ,

Iii L'Illonfee ifinowiliiiiiNfirp Lzi friminiiienee eni f htqle 1 ;10 111.4%.*1. 4101.11111itirterierailitleleall lektear4p,iekjekrifieimr ri •

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_dodger- 44/4

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N4,

S-385

LEGEND

S - School

C - Commercial

I - Industrial

• •

SPECIAL DAY POPULATIONS per block map 11-6.07


I

2 Lanes

4 Lanes

4 Lanes- divided

5 Lanes

3 Lanes

scale feet

• • •

STREET NETWORK CAPACITY map 11-6.08

• COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN

1000 500 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

scale

300-- te5e0:0 7%) / l pan

l /

it / PA" if

6 --- •iittergqiiisagrer:Egewaizei ••••••• fereede elev./mil 'Blur es

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1110011e*r111 P3oiest .......

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■ : 0

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feet

LEGEND

•-■\, •

0 200 Parking for 200 cars

AVAILABLE PARKING ma p 11-6.09


1000 500 0

scale feet

3000 4000 5000 gal im „

reffiltel ' il I ) leglillifilig à 4 klifieglinueropl u le_.„„mpouleitee toe, p eteePiiii. lewiggoillilite, • leseyeeet; itere;4weigitt marring tette -.,,,Ill etretêijitir_iiiini '011g7---- `474,Iirieggeivitt I , ••1 etc*. itgbeze. 1 tiie, elejeUt4e4feeleiegliteer irmiteltetikerieeibeteriiii.es t

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, lee e e '■.‘".î 44

, ,ippoe -

ev, fer,, 23

Surplus spaces in area

Deficit spaces in area

DEFICIT AND SURPLUS AREAS

• • •

P F )10 0 map 11-6.10


1000 500 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 sou /

scale feet

•

up if 1 4,1111116p / A camenitedgiturelined 4

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Isonetyke-------eete,

_ sul 'ere' LEGEND


• • •

Deficit spaces in area •••••e4e.

• • •

DEFICIT AND SURPLUS AREAS PF >50 map 11-6. 11


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scale

woo 500

feet

3000 4000 50°°

LEGEND


Deficit spaces in area

• •

DEFICIT AND SURPLUS AREAS PF)2 5 map 11-6.12

COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN feet

3000 4000 5000 1000

Distribution of def icits to surplus areas

scale

1000 500 0

• • •

GENERAL ALLOCATION map 11-6.13

• • COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN

1000 500 0 1000 2000 3000 5000

I

400;

scale se a n IWO

u»

' II Liglillifidill I 1„aralinliwilellie I . 4pasininigue »tie" liteefline glfaiimiare

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-

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- ege - , /

"

feet

1

LEGEND

—a.-- Pedestrian traffic

Emergency vehicular traffic

_ Vehicular and emergency vehicular traffic

fe

MOVEMENT MAP ma p 11-6.14

• • COMMUNITY SHELTER PLAN

• scale

1000 500 0 1000 2000

// //

leV z

44101 WI 14. 11111fillie

111led I

111E111m,rgitill

emzeindAriesi #101/4seeelereal

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LEGEND

feet

3000 4000 5000

■'• \>.

&lion

Fi Itration Plant

Water distribution system

Main power lines

Distribution lines

O Distribution centers

MAP OF AVAILABLE SERVICES map 11-6.15


1000 2000 3009

' /

1000 500 0

• Municipal Emergency General Headquarters

Cluster Headquarters

• • •

OPERATING CENTERS map 11-6.16


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3000 4000 s000

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• • •

Telephone or radio communication

Cluster communication network

Cluster headquarters

COMMUNICATIONS map 11-6.17

• • feet

4000 3000 5000

scale

1000 500 0


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LEGEND

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Control points

Emergency vehicular control point

MOVEMENT CONTROL POINTS map 11-6.18


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LEGEND

------ Proposed new streets

Streets to be widened

scale

1000 500 0 1000 2000

• •

MAP OF PROJECTED CHANGES map 11-6.19

CSP TEAM LOCAL CS P ADVISORY COMMITTEE

CANADA AND PROVINCIAL E MO

Local authority Initiates

I - INITIATION

11-7.

• ANNEX 1 1 -8.

GLOSSARY

•

CENSUS YEé■ IR: The Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Ottawa,takes a census in quinquenial and decenial years, the latter are mayor census years and occur in years ending with numeral 1 (e. g. 1971).

DEFICIT AREA: Community shelter planning areas that contain an excess of population when compared with the number of standard fallout shelter spaces avail-able within the area.

DES IGNATED FEDERAL AGENCY: The federal depart-ment or agency that has agreed to be responsible for a specific task in thedevelopment of community shel-ter plans.

DRAINAGE AREA: Defines the geographic area from which the population is allocated to a shelter facility or group of shelter facilities.

DRAINAGE ROUTES: Defines the routes taken by the population in drainage areas to reach shelter by assigned travel modes.

ENUMERATION AREA: An enumeration area is a sta-tistical area (under a census representative) for which census data is available.

HOME SHELTER: For the purposes of community shel-ter planning, a home shelter is defined as a fallout protected area, primarily in residential construction, whichwill provide additional shelter space in plan-ning areas which have a serious deficit of standard shelter spaces and limited standard shelter spaces.

IMPROVISED FALLOUT SHELTER: Any area within a building, normally not considered as a fallout pro-tected area, which has been altered in such a manner that protection againstfal lout is provided, is termed improvised fallout shelter.

KEMOLL NUMBER: A number designed to classify, according to geographical location, ownership and type, all buildings, within the scope of the Fallout Protection Survey of Canada, which may afford some measure of protection against radioactive fallout. (Refer to EMO IM 100-2 - Interpretation Guide for Survey Results for complete details.)

NEW CONSTRUCTION: The term "new construction" refers to structures or buildings, including major additions, which have been constructed within the scope of the Updating Survey requirements, and erected since the main survey or latest updating field survey work was carried out.

POTENTIAL SPACE: The Fallout Protection Survey of Canada identifies and locates all potential fallout shelter space which maybe available for public use. A potential space is, by definition, 12 square feet of floor area listed as S-area in the National Inventory printouts.

PROTECTED SPACE (SHELTER SPACE): Floor areas which have been identified as having a protection factor equal to or more than 25 are considered as protected space.

RADIATION CASUALTIES: Persons who become ill as a result of exposure tofal lout radiation are referred to as radiation casualties.

RESIDENT POPULATION: Population living in an area as tabulated by the latest Dominion Bureau of Sta-tistics census or obtained from local government as-sessment offices.

SENSITIVE FACILITIES: All protected space in some buildings may not be available for public protection purposes during an emergency. Operational use, se-curity or designated use would prevent this space from being included in the CSP as public shelter space. Facilities such as these are known as sen-sitive facilities.

SHELTER AREA: The National Inventory lists each building (or building part) by storey and indicates the total floor area for each storey as well as the S-Area (shelter area). The S-Area is the area of that part of the floor where the protection factor does not drop significantly below that computed for the geometric center. The S-Area is also referred to as potential shelter space.

SHELTER CLUSTER: A group of shelter facilities so close together that they can be considered as a unit for community shelter planning purposes.

SHELTER DEFICIT: In an area where the CSP population figure used exceeds the number of standard fallout shelter spaces available for public use, the area contains a shelter deficit.

SHELTER FACILITY: A whole building comprising one or more building parts listed in the National Invento-ry of shelter space and meeting at least the Limited Standard Space requirements described in Fallout Shelter Standards and Evaluation.

SHELTER RESOURCES: Normally, shelter resources refer to all fallout shelter space, having a protection factor over 25, listed in the National Inventory. However, in areas having a serious shelter deficit of standard shelter spaces and I imited standard shel-ter spaces, shelter resources would include other space, such as the basements of single family resi-dences, so that the best available protected space may be utilized.

SHELTER SURPLUS: In an area where the CSP popu-lation figure used is less than the number of standard fallout shelter spaces available for public use, the area contains a shelter surplus.

SHELTEREES: Persons allocated to shelter.

SHELTERED POPULATION: The total number of shel-terees in an area.

SPECIFIC FALLOUT SHELTER SPACES: Spaces in buildings or structures, meeting the requirements of standard space, that become available for public use as a result of a community shelter development pro-gram are referred to as specific fallout shelter spaces.

11-8.1. •

TOTAL DEFICIT POPULATION: The total population within a specific CSP area for which shelter is not available.

UNSHELTERED POPULATION: The total number of persons not allocated to shelter in a small area.

UPDATING: Defines the actions necessary to ensure that the status of records, documents, procedures and plans relating to CSP are kept current.

USABLE SPACES: Potentiel shelter space that has been examined in accordance with the procedures detailed in Fallout Shelter Standards and Evaluation, will determine the usable spaces for a given shelter facility.

•

•

PSEPC/SPPCC LIB/BIBLIO

1. 1111 I 91

TH 1097 C66 1971

Community shelter planning guide

(provisional)

DATE DUE SLIP

•

F255 o

•

Archived Content Contenu archivé 1097 c66 1971-eng.pdf · 2-2. General View of Shelter Situation...

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