Architecture Design 02
-
Upload
radostin-dechev -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
0
Transcript of Architecture Design 02
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
1/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 63
ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
www.swisspearl.com
PREMIUM SWISS QUALITY PANELS AND SYSTEMS FOR HIGH-END ARCHITECTURE
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
2/64
] DesIgnIng wIth swIsspearl [
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
24
26
26
28
30
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
47
48
49
50
52
53
54
58
Vid fd
Innovation and expertise
Principles
Structure and functionality
Building physics
Cost efciency
Design
Sustainability, embodied grey energy
Buidi yic
Worldwide
Wind effects, high-rise building, seismic
Combination of materials, decorative fasteners
Radar and radio, maritime environment
The joints
Metal and wooden sub-framing
Fastening on metal or woorden sub-framing
Details
t si Cocio
The Swiss Collection, a fascinating range
CARAT, REFLEX
XPRESSIV, custom colours
Colour stability
Solutions for faades
Solutions for interiors
Product features
Fu fo civiy d quiy
Secret xing, curved faades
Inclined faades, decorative elements
Panels coated on both sides, perforations
3-D ornaments
Service range
Life cycle
Dos and donts
.i.com
ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
WITH SWISSPEARL
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
3/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 1
ITALY Residene Via Senigallia, Milan
PHOTO
JRgZImmERmANN,ZRIcH
Thanks to onsistently expanded expertise-
regarding the ore and olouration of faade
panels and revolutionary prodution tehno-
logies, SWISSPEARL has launhed several
worldwide innovations. First, it was the NATURA
range with its unique aspet of ement struture
shining through in subtle shades. Launhed
onto the market as early as the mid-eighties,
millions of m2 have been delivered sine then
throughout Europe. They are the foundation
of the international reputation of reliable long
time proven Swiss quality for high-end arhite-
ture. In the mid-nineties, designers wanted to
] Innovation an expertise[
At all times, exacting architects have been in search of something
new or different to express their architectural vision while sti ll
satisfying their customers wishes in line with the function
and expression of the building and its setting. More and more
frequently, aesthetic changes and new expectations are calling
for different, innovative solutions.
For the past 30 years, SWISSPEARL has been developing the
innovative products and systems that architects want for their
faade visions, and bringing new answers to meet the designers
evolving wishes onto the market at exactly the right time.
In this, the focus is on authentic cement composite materials
that possess a distinct ive character while ensuring the good
behaviour of the panels for decades.
express their arhitetural message with integrally oloured materials and
original surfae aspets. Thus three appealing new ranges were developed
in reliable premium quality: the natural elegane and fasinating expres-
siveness of CARAT, the exciting high-tech REFLEX nish, and the unique
vivid texture of XPRESSIV are ideally suited to ontemporary arhiteture.
Available in many oloured through shades, these ultimate faade and
interior panels rapidly spread all over the world. Of ourse, the Researh
& Development experts are working on the next Swisspearl produt gene-
rations and the new tehnologial hallenges for the next innovative steps:
to serve the designers future needs and reativity.
The tehnologial ompetene is mathed
by the most advaned know-how regarding
ventilated faades, the most reliable system
from the viewpoint of building physis. The
SWISSPEARL ladding system follows the
ultimate tehnology of uninterrupted rear ven-
tilation. This provides the key to energy on-
serving solutions both for winter and summer
and effetively protets the building struture
from the elements for a very long time. The
outstanding, reliable quality of the panels, the
energy- and cost-efciency of the system have
been proven over the past 30 years both in new
and refurbishment projects. The detailing of joints and xations, as well as
a virtually unlimited hoie of panel sizes allow for endless possibilities in
reating uniquely attrative faades with a lifespan of at least 40 years.
Nearly without maintenane.
Let the variety of ideas and suggestions in the following pages inspire
arhitets to bring reative and durable beauty into our lives.
With Swisspearl.
Fascination of Innovation
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
4/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
PHOTO
SANdROLENdLER,ZAgREb
PHOTO
JRgZImmERmANN,ZuRIcH
ITALY Kindergarten, Bolzano
cROATIA University, Rijeka
] Principles an philosophy of ventilate faaes [
considering the areas in whih ventilated faa-
des are prevalent, i.e. the Alpine regions and
Sandinavia, it is quite evident that they were
initially developed to protet buildings and their
outer walls from atmospheri exposure, namely
the ombined ation of wind and rain.
The undisputed advantages of ventilated faadesin terms of thermal and aousti insulation are,
however, not limited to old weather regions
but apply to hot and humid limates as well.
The core concept of ventilated faades utilizes
naturally occurring phenomena. The application
of a ventilated gap between the support structu re
and the external cladding mobilizes the pressure
effects of temperature differences to create
natural ventilation, thus preventing any k ind of
moisture from entering the building structure.
Thus ventilated faades are now being widely
adopted in other regions of Europe and through-
out the world.
As a onsequene of ever inreasing energy
pries, there is a growing demand for thermally
efcient construction systems. Many studieshave determined that ventilated faades are
unbeatable in terms of building physis and
longevity.
While relatively new and widely unknown in other regions
of the world, ventilated faade systems have a long t radition
of usage in central and northern Europe.
Reations
n
Air irulation
n
condensation
and water vapour
Ations
n
Heating and
expansion under
solar irradiation
n
cooling and on-
tration under
rain, humidity,
frost and snow
n
Extreme wind
n
Noise, e.g. trafc
transmitted via
air
n
contamination
due
to dust and soil
n
Seismi
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
5/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 3
usa Thom Bkly sq Hong, Oklnd Ca
PHOTO
R.HALBE,STUTTGART
usa Fdl Bldng, sn Fncco Ca
PHOTO
COLINM
CRAE,BERkELEy
PHOTO
VLAdIMIRP
OPOVIC/
STEVANA
MARkOVICA,ZEMUN
serBia Kndgtn Bl Bd, Blgd
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
6/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
USA Brandeis University, Waltham
PHOTO
SWISSPEARL
IcH
1
Support structure
The non-requirement for a speial
surfae, together with the minimal
load aused by the ladding,
enable ventilated faade systems
to be used with various strutural
types, whether mono-layered
or multi-layered, i.e. formed by
a number of different materials.
It is evident, however, that the
materials seleted for the support
structure will reect on the perfor-
mane of the system as a whole.
4
Cladding
The main funtions of the outer
ladding are both aestheti and
protective. It deects the majority
of rainfall and protets the insula-
tion against limati stresses and
mehanial impat.
The ladding panels, statially
independent of eah other, are
anhored to the exterior wall by
a light and stable sub-struture.
3
Air gap and sub-
structure
The air gap (approx. 20-30 mm)
is plaed between the insulating
layer and the ladding panels,
thereby allowing the temperature
differenes between the outside
air and the air inside the gap
to maintain a onstant vertial
air urrent. To ensure proper
air irulation and ahieve this
"himney effet", the inlet and
outlet openings, as well as the
ross-setion of the air gap, must
be of sustainable width.
Thus the air gap serves two
main purposes. On the one hand
it drains off atmospheri and
internal humidity, as well as any
moisture present in the mason-
ry; while on the other hand, it
regulates the thermal exhangebetween the building and the
environment in terms of natural
ventilation.
2
Insulation
The insulation, applied diretly to
the support struture, regulates
the thermal onditions of the
building, i.e. it prevents heat
loss in winter and heat build-up
in summer.
The insulation usually onsists of
self-supporting, water-repellent
panels, the thikness of whih
an be seleted aording to li-
matic conditions and the specic
requirements of the building.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
7/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 5
1 2 3 4
]Structure an Functionality [
Ventilated type faades consist of multi-layered
structu res characterized by a distinct functional
separation of the individual component layers.
Multi-layered strutures by funtional separation
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
8/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
Dry wall without humidity
Residual humidity brought in during
onstrution or any rainwater pe-
netration is eliminated again by the
air irulation. Funtionality of the
various material layers is maintained.
Heat protetion during summer
Funtional ventilation between the
thermal insulation and the ladding
prevents heat aumulation. Fur-
thermore, it assists in making tempe-
rature hanges (e.g. day and night)
less notieable.
] biling physics [
Living comfort
In hot limates, ventilated faade systems
provide natural air-onditioning and guarantee
optimal interior limate onditions.
The ladding funtions as a heat shield and
the air irulation between the ladding and
the insulation layer prevents heat aumulation.
The ventilation layer has a storage effet that dimi-
nishes temperature hanges, thereby maintain-
ing a more onstant inside temperature a
fator highly appreiated in equatorial and very
old areas.
In addition, owing to their struture of mutually
separated layers, ventilated faades absorb
a signicant amount of noise. Depending on
the materials used, soundproong is thereby
improved by at least 10 dB, thus providing
a high quality of living omfort, espeially in
urban areas.
Humidity protection
Most faade damages result from moisture
penetrating the insulation and the support stru-
ture a problem unknown to ventilated faades.
The cladding deects most of the rainwater,
whilst the remainder evaporates as a result of
the "himney effet" reated by the air irulation
inside the ventilation gap. In this same way, any
residual moisture still present after the onstru-
tion phase, and the vapour generated by the
oupants, is removed. As a onsequene of
this, the insulating material remains dry and in
exellent ondition.
condensation aused by thermal bridges or the
steam impermeability in non-ventilated faade
strutures an have a deteriorating effet on its
insulation performane. However, in ventilated
faades, diffusion is not affeted by any mate-
rial layers, thus eliminating all risks regardingcondensation and reduced insulation efciency.
Thermal insulation
In partiular, ventilated faades offer the ad-
vantage of strutural separation of the different
funtional layers, i.e. ladding, thermal insulation
and support struture. Thus under the aspet
of building physis, ventilated faades are
unsurpassed.
During older weather, thermal losses an be
minimized owing to the uninterrupted insulation
of the support struture, whih prevents thermal
bridges and eliminates ritial areas suh as
oor slabs and separating walls.
The ventilated gap enhanes this effet by re-
taining the heat inside the building and delaying
its dissipation.
During the warmer season, ventilated faades
redue heat transmission towards the interior of
the building. While the outer cladding reects
most of the solar radiation, the ooler air iru-lation in the ventilated gap redues the amount
of heat that is absorbed by the building.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
9/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 7
+ 2020202020
+++++ 1515151515
OOOOOCCCCC
+ 2020202020
+ 4040404040
- 1515151515
OOOOOCCCCC
Protetion of heat of room
The heat of the room is retained in the
wall struture.
Outer ladding dilatation
The outer ladding an dilate without
obstrution and hange in ap-
pearane. Expensive maintenane
work is thus dispensed with.
Fire protetion
cement omposite panels do not
burn.
Fire regulations can be met if a re-
proof thermal insulation is hosen
suh as mineral or glass wool.
Humidity protetion
Under the aspet of building phy-
sis, the ventilated faade is ideal.
Generation of diffusion ondensation
is exluded, diffusion not being
impaired by any material layers.
Installation of vapour barriers an be
dispensed with.
Heat protetion during winter
Thermal insulation applied to the
outside of the strutural support wall
permits ontinuous insulation without
thermal bridges (e.g. eiling fae
sides, separating walls).
Protetion of support walls
The support struture is proteted
against outside temperature hanges
by the thermal insulation layer.
The risk of rak formation is muh
redued. The thermal insulation
applied on the outside improves the
seurity and long life span of the
strutural support wall.
Sound proong
Depending on the type of strutural
support wall and on the ladding
type hosen, and with a mineral type
thermal insulation, soundproofing
is improved by at least 10 dB. This
advantage is appreiated partiularly
along busy roads.
Protetion of the thermal insulation
The ladding protets the thermal
insulation against the weather and
mechanical inuences.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
10/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
PHOTO
m.PATERNOSTER,S.PRILITIJIANdd.POcIVASEk,PIRAN
SLOVENIA Soial Housing Development, Ljubljana-Polje
GREENLAND Jagtvej Housing Development, Nuuk
PHOTO
AdAm
mRk,cOPENHAgEN
Energy
In terms of insulation, ventilated faade systems
enable high adaptability with respet to the
individual buildings limati requirements. The
ventilated gap ensures that the insulation is kept
dry, thereby maintaining its effetiveness and
diminishing energy osts in the long term a
factor of growing signicance in the light of
inreasing energy pries.
Ventilated faades retain heat during older
weather due to the storage abilities of the air
gap, thus reduing thermal losses and offering
signicant savings in terms of heating expense.
During the warmer season, ventilated faades
redue the heat absorption of the building. The
cladding reects most of the solar radiation, and
the "himney effet" provides natural ventilation,
thus reduing the osts of air-onditioning.
] Cost efieny [
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
11/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 9
PHOTO
cLAESWAESTLIN,mALm
POLAND Word Shool, Bydgoszz
SWEDEN Metro Station, Malm
PHOTO
ANTONIOLOZANO,SANPEdROgARZAgARcIA
MEXIcO NH Hotel, Monterrey
PHOTO
PaweUlaTOwski,
WALERIANOWO
Durability and maintenance
The ombined ation of the ladding and the
ventilated gap balanes out the impat of tem-
perature hanges, thereby reduing the risk of
rak formation within the support struture.
Eah faade panel is individually attahed to
the sub-struture and is therefore statially
autonomous of the supporting wall.
The ladding an dilate without restraint in
spite of thermal expansion of sub-framing and
panels. Moreover, the elastiity of the ladding
system absorbs any movement of the support
struture and maintains its funtionality, even
in instanes of light earth tremors. If neessary,
faade panels an be replaed individually,
without affeting the other strutural ompo-
nents.
Despite higher onstrution osts, ventilated fa-
ades have proved to be very ost-effetive over
the long term, given the benets of the systems
longevity, strutural separation of materials,
energy efciency and low-cost maintenance.
Construction and installation
Independent anhoring of the individual faade
panels relieves the bottom elements from the
pressure of all top elements and solves the
problem of ritial height. The system therefore
allows for the onstrution of thinner walls, irre-
spetive of their height. Thus the lightness of the
struture not only diminishes the fundamental
loading but, given its thinness, also provides for
inreased rentable spae. The ladding overs
the support walls, hene there is no requirement
for any speial preparation. Moreover, the ven-
tilation gap keeps the insulation dry without ad-
ditional measures suh as grouting or aulking.
Ventilated faades failitate "dry" installation,
regardless of the season or weather onditions.
Faade panels an be installed quikly and
easily, thus dereasing onstrution time andguaranteeing adherene to projet shedules.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
12/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
PHOTO
JRgZImmERmANN,ZuRIcH
PHOTO
raimOndasUrbakav
iiUs,vilniUs
PHOTO
LEIFdAVIdSON,HELSINgbORg
ITALY Soial Housing Via Senigallia, Milan
LITHUANIA Balsai Shool, Vilnius
AUSTRALIA National Portrait Gallery, canberra
PH
OTO
bRETTbOARdmANN,NEWTON
SWEDEN Ramlsagrden, Helsingborg
] Design[
Conceptualization
Arhiteture is the result of preise oneptual
onsiderations that eventually evolve into atual
strutures. The strutural separation of the
different material layers orresponds with the
oneptual mindset of arhitets. In ventilated
faades the various funtional layers are learly
separated and separable, and the ventilated
gap between the ladding and the insulation
layer reinfores the strutural onept.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
13/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 11
HUNGARY Hotel President, Budapest
BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA Importanne centre, Sarajevo
PHOTO
TAmSbuJNOVS
Zky,SOLymR
PHOTO
SANdROLENdLER,ZAgREb ,
Variety of op tions
On a reative level, the strit funtional sepa-
ration of weather protetion, thermal insulation
and support struture offers a wide range of
possibilities. Due to its fragmentation and the
thinness of the panels, the ladding is easily
reognizable as a sheer protetive layer. Given
its detahment from the remaining struture,
this feature allows for more exibility in design
without being bound to the dimensions and the
funtionality of the support walls.
The laddings independene of the support
struture provides unlimited options for the ar-
hitetural design of the faade, offering a wide
seletion of materials, shapes, dimensions,
panel joints and olours. In warmer regions,
ventilated faades allow for greater exibility
in the appliation of dark oloured materials
without the risk of heat build-up.
In the ase of ement omposite, there is an
additional advantage: the variety of olours and
surfaes utilized allows it to meet the onditions
of the surrounding area. At the same time,
being an industrially manufatured produt, its
uniform and standardized tehnial features are
not tied to any regional ontext. High quality
ement omposite panels an be easily om-
bined with other materials and an be used for
the ladding as well as for the interior design.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
14/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
lEmbodied energy of cladding material [panels without fastener and sub-frame]
Utilization
The work of arhitets has a long lasting impat
on the environment; therefore, not only do they
have a responsibility to their lientele, but to
soiety as a whole. From this viewpoint, the
redution of energy onsumption ensured by
ventilated faades is not only a ost fator, it is
also benecial to the environment. Ventilated
faades provide a onsiderate appropriation
of resoures and help to diminish the cO2
output; in some instanes they even allow for
the integration of photovoltai panels.
] Sustainability [
Recycling
Overall onsideration regarding the life yle of
a building must also inlude its renaturation.
The layered struture of ventilated faades
allows for the easy substitution of different build-
ing parts, aording to their life expetanies.
Moreover, in the ase of a omplete demoli-
tion, SWISSPEARL faades failitate easy
separation of the materials for reyling and
disposal.
Sustainable development as dened by the
Brundtlandt commission is "development that
meets the needs of the present without ompro-
mising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs". Arhitets meet these require-
ments by providing highly adaptable strutural
dispositions, thus guaranteeing exibility over
the long term. Owing to the independene of
the ladding of the support struture, ventilated
faades offer the unique possibility of altering
the outward appearane of a building in keeping
with the interior modications.
Also, due to the lightness of their struture,
ventilated faades an be applied to existing
buildings, enhaning them aesthetially and en-
ergetially, while also providing an elegant solu-
tion for the establishment of a onnetion
between new and existing strutures.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
15/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 13
PHOTO
STEVEWANkE,WARREN,OR ,
USA Reclad Ofce Pacic Plaza, Tacoma, WA
Green labels and certicates
Nowadays, many organisations delare that
particular products or buildings are benecial to
the environment. Unfortunately, the assessment
methods of these various labels or certicates
are not yet onsistent and annot be ompared.
In addition, expetations and environmental
awareness vary from one ountry to another.
Thus, a reliable certication process accepted
both in Europe and overseas will need more
time. Europe is favouring the life yle assess-
ment approah, but so far has not managed to
dene the standards and testing methods to be
aepted by the entire community. In the USA,
the LEED certication assesses the concept and
implementation of a building.
USA
The Pacic Plaza is a $35 million
innovative design solution to the
one deteriorating garage building.
It inorporates multiple energy
efcient and environmentally
sustainable features. In partiular,
the annual energy use has been
reduced by approximately 35%.
This building reeived the LEED
Gold certication from the U.S.
Green Building counil (USGBc).
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
16/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
PHOTO
mIkEkARAkASPHOTOgRAPHy,WINNIPEg
cANADA Firehall, Brandon, Winnipeg
] Building Physics in the worl [
1
Support struture
2
Insulation
3Air gap and sub-framing
4
cladding
Metal sub-frames for ventilated faades must
be bending-resistant and xed to the buildings
load-bearing onstrution.
The following guidelines are to be adhered to:
n
Anhorage only in parts of the building that an
take up and transmit additional loads
n
No anhorage to be applied to non-load-bearing
walls.
Wall design depending on local traditions and buil-
ding codes. Construction methods for external walls
as bearing elements for ventilated faades
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
17/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 15
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
PHOTO
yEOkSAm-dONg,gANgmAN-gu,SEOuL
PHOTO
HuNdVEN-cLEmENTS,OSLO
SOUTH KOREA National Rehabilitation centre, Seoul NORWAY Nydalen High Shool, Oslo
External
wall design
requirements
Strutural engineer/
ontrator shall assume
overall responsibility for
the faade engineering,
inluding hoie of
material and type of sub-
framing, denition of
sizes of all strutural
members as well as of
all fastening details to
sub-framing and panels
all in aordane with
loal building regulations
and pratie.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
18/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
PHOTO
cOLINmcRAE,bERkELEy,cA ,
USA Thomas Berkeley Square condominiums, Oakland, cA
Al l components of external cladding must be des igned/calculated
with a safety factor for a design load pursuant to the local standards
and building regulations.
The strutural engineer/ ontra-
tor shall assume overall respon-
sibility for the faade engineering
inluding
n
hoie of material and type of
sub-framing
n
determination of the size of all
strutural members
n
determination of all fastening
details to sub-framing
Impats on faades are
n
Dead load of the onstrution
n
Sun, rain
n
Ie, snow
n
Sand [abrasion]
n
Wind as a ompressive fore
or sution
n
Resistane to seismi
consequenes/effets on the
faade are
n
Deformation/displaement
n
Stati and dynami load on the
faade, the fastening points and
the sub-framing
] Wind effet [
Responsibility
Strutural engineer/
ontrator shall as-
sume overall respon-
sibility for the faade
engineering.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
19/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 17
L2 L3
h2h1
t1 = L1/10 t2 = L2/10 t3 = L3/10
l3
t3 = l3/10
t3=h1/10
t1=h1/10
t2=h2/10
t3=h1/10
L1
Part 1 Part 3
Part 2
t2=h2/10
Normalarea
Fringearea
Edge situation
Normal and fringe wind pressure and sution area
Wind sution
The edges of the
building are partilarly
affeted by wind
sution.
Thus shorter spaes
between the xin points
are indiated in theseareas.
Two different wind zones have
to be taken into aount on the
faade surfae of a building, one
with a normal wind sution area,
and a fringe area near the edges
as shown on the right.
Denition of normal wind pres-
sure and sution area and fringe
area near the edges, as shown
below.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
20/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
36
72
108
144
180
216
252
PHOTO
JRgZImmERmANN,ZuRIcH
ITALY Fiera Milano, Milan
The wind load aused by the wind veloity is
the main impat for the designing of external
ladding. It depends on
n
the loation
n
the exposition
n
the height
n
the shape
of the building
The relation between wind veloity and wind
load is shown on the right.
Wind pressure and sution [Pa]
Airspeed[meter/sec]
Airspeed[mile/h]
SWISSPEARL panels are engineered/desi-
gned for high-rise buildings without any defet/
lak using a relevant stiff sub-framing.
For a orretly engineered faade, SWISS-
PEARL panels may be used for wind loads up
to 3 kN/m2 and more when fastened with rivets
on the relevant sub-framing.
Wind veloity and wind loads
] High-rise ilings [
Airspeed[km/h]
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
21/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 19
PHOTO
LAuRENTPFEIFFER,SAINT-PIERRE ,
REUNION ISLAND Ofce Building Thiriet, Saint-Pierre
Hurricane test l ive
cylone Gamde raged over Reunion island from 24th to 28th
February, 2007 with wind speeds above 250 km/h and torrential
rains. SWISSPEARL faade of the building on the right, loated
in St. Pierre, had not hanged its appearane after this natural
atastrophe: the carat coral panels were neither displaed nor
showed any alteration in surfae aspet or olour.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
5 5 10 5 10
30
40
51
61
68
75
80
85
90
94
45
56
68
77
84
90
95
98
65
78
86
91
95
Distane
Windspeed[meter/sec]
Heightfromterrain[m]
Category III
Area with regular over of ve-
getation or buildings or with
isolated obstales with separa-
tions of maximum 20 obstales
height (suh as villages, subur-
ban terrain, permanent forest)
Roughness a = 0.28
Category II
Area with low vegetation suh
as grass and isolated obstales
(trees, building) with separations
of at least 20 obstales heights.
Roughness a = 0.16
Category IV
Area in which at least 15%
of surfae is overed with
buildings and their average
height exceeds 15 m
Roughness a = 0.40
Windspeed[meter/sec]
Windspeed[meter/sec]
10
Wind veloity in funtion of height and roughness [Davenport]
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
22/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
LITHUANIA Tower "IYT Kausta"
PHOTO
rOberTasmarceviiUs,vilniUs
] High-rise ilings [
High-rise buildings
In Europe there are many of buildings up to
around 25 stories with classical rear ventilated
faades. This is standard design has been used
in many ountries sine several deades.
Various taller buildings have also been lad with
rear ventilated SWISSPEARL faade systems
in the USA, canada and Mexio.
Many suh projets are in planning all around
the world.
There are no tehnial reasons, not to use
lassial rain sreen laddings on high-rise
buildings.
SWISSPEARLpanels are suitable as ladding
panels for high-rise buildings. Subjet to an ade-
quate quantity of fasteners and sub-framings,
SWISSPEARLpanels do withstand to any wind
load and there is no limit to the building height.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
23/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 21
This table is appliable for 8 mm panels fastened with rivets onto metal sub-framing
Vertial panels Horizontal panels
Windload Windload Wind veloity Spaings Spaings
[kPa = kN/m2] [psf] [km/h] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
horizontally vertially horizontally vertially
x y x y
0.9 19 138 570 720 720 530
1.0 21 145 570 720 720 530
1.1 23 152 570 580 720 530
1.2 25 159 570 580 590 530
1.3 27 166 570 580 590 530
1.4 29 172 380 580 490 530
1.5 31 178 380 580 490 530
1.6 33 184 380 580 490 530
1.7 36 190 380 480 490 530
1.8 38 196 380 480 490 350
1.9 40 201 380 480 490 350
2.0 42 206 380 480 490 350
2.5 52 230 380 480 420 350
3.0 63 252 380 410 420 350
3.5 73 280 280 410 420 260
4.0 84 300 280 360 370 260
4.5 94 > 300 280 320 370 240
WindloadThe value means the
atual wind load ouring
on the ladding.
SpaingsMaximum distane
between panel fasteners.
InterpolationIntermediate values for
wind load/spaing may be
interpolated.
Safety fatorA safety fator of 3.0 is
taken into aount for the
admissible system load
(rivet and panel).
Engineering respon-sibility
Strutural Engineer/
ontrator shall assume
overall responsibility for
the faade engineering.
Maximum distanes between panel fasteners
Video sequenies wind load testing
y
x
Spacing between fasteners
On high rise buildings the wind loads are
generally higher than on low buildings. Loal
engineer to determine appliable loads for all
building zones.
Spaing between panel fasteners to be determi-
ned in aordane with the SWISSPEARL table
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
24/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
ITALY Torre Via Adriano, Milan
BULGARIA Varan Towers, Varan Towers
PHOTO
JRgZImmERmANN,ZuRIcH
PHOTO
ROLANd
HALbE,STuTTgART
] High-rise ilings [
PHOTO
SWISSPEARL
IcH
Ventilation cavity
Minimum thikness for uninterrupted avities
shall be 75 mm for buildings up to a height of
100 m, and 100 mm avity for higher buildings.
For high rise buildings it an be onsidered
to use waterproof horizontal joint flashing
profiles instead of standard SWISSPEARL
L-ashings that are not completely watertight.
When dividing the avity height wise into se-
tions, the avity thikness an be dereased
to 50 mm.
The major riterion for the design of the venti-
lation cavity is certainly the use of non inam-
mable material for insulation, sub-framing and
ladding. Besides adequate sizing of avity and
ventilation openings there are no specic further
SWISSPEARLreommendations regarding the
design of the ventilation avity.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
25/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 23
www.seismo.ethz.h/gshap/
ATI Summary of Results
"The SWISSPEARL exterior wall cladding system has
been proven for an interstory drif t of 6"/152 mm for the
vertical layout and horizontal layout congurations
when congured with the components, assembly and
spans documented in this report." (f 70780.01-120-32)
Interstory drift for horizontal layout conguration [ATI] Flexural displaement apaity
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
26/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
PHOTO
RuNEbA
ckS,cOPENHAgEN
P
HOTO
bENbENScHNEIdER,SEATTLE
PHOTO
JRgZImmERmANN,ZuRIcH
PHOTO
ROLANdHALbE,ST
uTTgART
USA Swedish Medial center, Issaquah, WA
BULGARIA Soa Outlet Center, Soa
SWITZERLAND Tehnopark, Zurih
Combination of materials
Rear ventilated urtain faades are ideal for the
ombination of different faade materials, sine
the protetive weather skin is both funtionally
and struturally separate from the rest of the
wall onstrution.It is possible to hange not
only the ladding materials but also the faade
system itself. The use of different material
thiknesses also permits a more or less "topo-
graphial" struturing of the faade surfae. In
fat, there are hardly any limits to the design
possibilities; however, the transition details
naturally demand a high degree of tehnial
ompetene and knowledge of the system.
Decorative fasteners
Faade laddings protet the underlying
heat insulation layer and are anhored to a
sub-onstrution in the load bearing wall. The
dimensioning of speial anhoring elements
must be statially proved, and the panels
equipped with xed and sliding points in order
to take up the unavoidable movement of the
ladding panels and the sub-onstrution at the
onneting points.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
27/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 25
PHOTOROLANdHALbE,STuTTgART
USA Satellite Operations Faility NOAA, Suitland MA
DENMARK Residential Building, Korsr
Maritime environment
Maritime environment has been proven to be
detrimental to many materials and surfaes due
to orrosion of metals or metalli ingredients in
ontat with hlorides from sea water. A similar
situation exists in winter where road salt is used.
SWISSPEARL faade panels do not ontain
any metalli materials, neither in the panel nor
in the surface coating, whatever the nishing
is. The pure acrylic nish and the use of highly
chemical resistant pigments and llers assure
best durability.
For fastening of SWISSPEARL faade panels in
maritime environment (i. e.distane to the oean
less than 1 km) it is neessary to use stainless
steel fasteners and appropriate sub-framing. Any
aessories must be orrosion proof.
Radaran radio netral
cement omposite panels reat neutrally to
eletromagneti waves and radiation so that
radio waves, staff alling systems and radar
are not affeted.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
28/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
The architectural, design-
orientated function of the joint
Joints are an important element of design for the
optial struturing of faade areas. The proporti-
on of the single faade areas to one another has
a considerable inuence on whether the faade
makes an elegant and omposed impression.
There are so-alled minimized joints and empha-
sized joints. Minimized joints reinfore the planar
effet of a faade; they are usually proteted from
rain water by superimposed proles. Emphasized
joints result in graphi effets that vary aording
to the width of the joints and reinfore the stru-
turing of the faade.
In the case of multi-layered faades, we distinguish between
two basically different functional groups: the technical, constructive
function and the architectural, design-orientated function.
In the case of rear ventilated curtain walls in particular,
considerations relating to design and construct ion are
inseparably connected.
The technical, constructive
function of the joints
The joints form the visible onnetion between
two faade panels. These an either overlap
or be set ush with one another. Furthermore,
the joint an be effeted by a usually metal
connecting prole. These are the classic op-
tions for joints in urtain walls.
[Fig. 1]
Temperature- and moisture-dependent ex-
pansion of the panels requires appropriate
exibility in the joints. According to the situation,
onstrution and height of the building, large
amounts of rain water arise whih drain away
over the faade. The speial design of both the
horizontal and vertial joints onforms with the
drainage onept and onsiderably redues
pollution of the faade surfaes.[Fig. 2]
Rear ventilated urtain faades require adequa-
te air irulation. This is ensured by openings
on the top and bottom ends of the faade
area. In the ase of open joints, these provide
additional ventilation. A perforated prole or a
grid is usually used for the air intake and exit
openings in order to protet the hollow spaes
from insets and pests.[Fig. 3]
] Thejo ints[
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
29/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 27
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
30/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
] Construction an installation with metal s-framing [
Panel joints
To be min. 5 mm wide for vertical joints and
min. 6 mm wide for horizontal joints. The wider
the joint, the less notieable are inauraies in
width. Therefore, a typial joint width is 8 mm.
If joints are left open to the weather, inrease
thikness of avity (min. 40 mm).
The additional exposure to rain water, UV radia-
tion, et. is to be taken into aount.
Surfae should be oloured dark, as it is visible
through the open joints.
Fastener 1
Sub-framing 2
Braket 3
Air gap 4
Insulation 5
Vapour barrier 6
Supporting wall 7
The bending resistant sub-frame has the fun-
tion of joining the exterior ladding with the load
bearing struture and transmitting the wind load
and the weight of the ladding safely to the load
bearing struture.
Design, installation and strutural alulations
as per engineers or suppliers specications.
Material expansion and retration due to tem-
perature hange must be duly allowed for with
regard to sub-frame fastening details.
The proles must be interrupted every approx.
3 m (10'), i.e. for installation from oor to oor.
The joints of the load bearing proles must
oinide with the horizontal joints of the panels.They may not be set in the middle of the panel.
Vertical and horizontal joints
The vertical support proles close off the vertical
panel joints and make them almost waterproof.
For horizontal joints > 6 mm, stainless steel
L-ashings can be used to prevent water from
penetrating into horizontal joints.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
31/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 29
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Fastening of sub-framing
contrator to asertain that the load bearing
timber sub-frame members are fastened to
the building struture aording to the require-
ments as set out in the appliable loal build-
ing standards and regulations.
Panel joints
To be min. 5 mm wide for vertical joints and
min. 6 mm wide for horizontal joints. The wider
the joint, the less notieable are inauraies
in width.
Therefore typial joint width is 8 mm.
Fastener 1
EPDM strip 2
Batten 3
Air gap 4
Insulation 5
Vapour barrier 6
Supporting wall 7
] Construction an installation with wooden s-framing [
Timber battens
Dry (max. 16 % moisture content), straight
grown pine. If pressure treated with water
soluble protetive salts, it will not wash out.
Horizontal support battensSupport battens should be spaced at 995 mm
to suit width of thermal insulation mats and to
reduce vertical deection.
Vertical panel support battens
Minimum batten sizes
at panel joints:
27 x 120 mm, gauged
intermediate battens:
27 x 60 mm, gaugedAll faes of the panel support battens must lie
in the same plane (to be shimmed as required).
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
32/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
FF
F FF F
F F
FF
] Fastening onmetal s-framing [
Compatibilit y of material
SWISSPEARL rivetsUse aluminum rivets for aluminum sub-framing.
Use stainless steel rivets for steel sub-framing.
Maritime environment (i. e. distane to oean of
less than 1 km) or other aggressive environment
alls for the use of stainless steel rivets.
Fastening points
The fastening of SWISSPEARL panels to me-
tal sub-framing requires two xed points per
panel. This ensures that the panel is free from
strain aused by the metal sub-framing. The 2
xed points [F] must never be set on the same
support prole.
All other fastening points are expansion points.
The max. spacing of xing points depends on
building height and wind load area.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
33/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 31
Warranty conditions
SWISSPEARL warranty only applies if
n
panels are fastened mehanially onto metal
sub-framing with genuine SWISSPEARL rivets.
In partiular, srewing on metal sub-framing is
not permitted.
n
ompatibility of material is respeted
n
stainless steel rivets are used in oastal areas
(distane to oean less than 1 km).
] Fastening onmetal s-framing [
Rivets head
Aluminium or stainless steel, sauer head
15 mm/0.6", blank or colour matched.
Holes
All holes must be drilled with a diameter of
9.5 mm/0.37". Fixed points to be provided with
a so-called xed point sleeve.
Distances to the panel edge
lateral
40 mm/1.57" to max. 100 mm/3.39"
top and bottom
80 mm/3.15" to max. 100 mm /3.39"
Spacing
between fastening
points may not exeed722 mm/28"
Hole diameter
All holes in panels for
both xed and expan-
sion points to be
of diameter
9.5 mm / 0.37"
All holes in metal sub-
framing for fastening
the panels to be of
diameter
4.1 mm / 0.16"
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
34/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
] Fastening onwooden s-framing [
Vertical panel joints
All battens at vertial joints and all intermediate
battens must be fully overed by EPDM joint
baking strips (see illustration). EPDM strips
to be in one single piee from top to bottom
(no overlaps).
Horizontal panel joints
Use stainless steel L-ashings to prevent water
from penetrating horizontal joints. Cut ash-
ing 2 mm shorter than panel length so as to
avoid the flashings showing in the vertial
joints. Where ashings need to be joined to-
gether, butt the ends within a vertial batten to
support both ends.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
35/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 33
Spacing
between fasteningpoints may
not exeed
722 mm/28"
Hole diameter
All drilled
holes to panels
5.5 mm/0.22"
] Fastening onwooden s-framing [
External building corner-
battensThe timber battens are to be joined together
as per sheme above (same orientation as
panels), in order to avoid the panel fastener
falling between the two joined battens.
Screws
Stainless steel sauer-head srews
4,8 mm x 38 mm (head blank or olour oated),
drive T20.
Holes
All drilled holes to panels
5.5 mm / 0.22".
Distances to the panel edge
lateral
40 mm/1.57" to max. 100 mm/3.39"
top and bottom
80 mm/3.15" to max. 100 mm/3.39"
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
36/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
Corners an windows, Termination top an bottom
]details Metal sub-framing [
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
37/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 35
Corners an windows, Termination top an bottom
] details Wooden sub-framing [
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
38/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
1977
1982
1985
1987
1997
2002
2005
2006
2007
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
5 %
12 %
40 %
11 %
30 %
2 %
SWISSPEARLpanels are produed in
very modern state of the art failities in
Niederurnen (Switzerland) and Vklabrugg
(Austria) operated with low energy and high
environment onsiousness.
They are manufatured from high quality
Portland cement, synthetic bres, cellulose
materials and stable pigments.
The proprietary proesses pioneered by
Switzerland with speial surfae finish,
sealed edges and bak oating ensure
optimal behaviour and durability of the fully
ompressed panels. Millions of panels in-
stalled since 1985 throughout the world prove
the outstanding, reliable long term quality of
the SWISSPEARL ement ore and oating.
For more than 30 years the Swiss Research & Development
teams have continuously expanded their unique expertise
regarding core, coloration and application of high-end
cement composite faade systems.
These huge technological advances are the backbone of the
Swiss quality.
R&D Projet: new reinfore-
ment tehnology for ement
omposite ore
From 1982 onwards until
1990, all produt lines gradu-
ally shifted to new proution
tehnology
Start of development of
olouration tehnology with
transluent oating
NATURA range with trans-
luent surfae oating
launhed as worldwide new
produt generation
Start of development of
through oloured prodution
tehnology and additional
exclusive surface nishing
First pilot projets in 1998.
Several through oloured
shades cARAT available
Through oloured ranges
cARAT SL and REFLEX
available in 42 shades
Start of development of
next produt generation.
Panels perforated aording
to arhitet's design
Market introduction of
- Panels with 3D-ornaments
- Faade system with
secret xing for panels in
thikness 8 mm
Product RangeXPRESSIVlaunhed onto the market
Market introduction of
additional nishing and high-
resistane oating
Millions of m2 installed throughout
Europe with new ore tehnology
and transluent oating
More than 5.6 millions m
of SWISSPEARL
exported worldwide
Portland cement
Pulverized limestone
Reinforcement bres
Process bres
Water
Air
]The swi colletion competence, excellence, innovation [
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
39/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 37
]A fascinating range [
The unique monolithi material aspet available
in different textures provides an appealing
and noble expression for the skin and the
interior surfaces of high prole buildings. A fas-
inating feature for an arhitetural message!
Available in more than 70 nature-inspired sha-
des, cARAT, REFLEX and XPRESSIV faade
panels offer tremendous design potential for
reating ontrasts and spetaular effets orblending harmoniously into the surrounding
settings. In all parts of the world.
Therefore, the natural elegance of the authentic and sober material
in various nishes offers much exibility and tremendous design
potential, all the more as the seductive colours and textures can be
easily combined and also blend harmoniously with other materials.
When developing new products,
SWISSPEARL focuses only on
the architects creative needs to
enable them to p lan and realize
their vision of the faade while
making sure that the clientsexpectations are also met. SWISSPEARL is the only manufaturer in
the world that masters the highly demanding
prodution proesses for integrally oloured
ement omposite panels in suh a wide olour
range and different surfae aspets.
Today, SWISSPEARL is the unparalleled pa-
ragon standard for ement omposite panels
with core and top nishing integrally coloured,
shade in shade. combining outstanding produt
harateristis, unique surfae aspets andproven reliable long term quality.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
40/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
PHOTO
mirankambi,radOvljica
PHOTO
HRAARquITEcTOS,LISbON,P
ORTugAL
PHOTO
mirankambi,radOvljica
SLOVENIA Business Building, Nova Goria
SLOVENIA Hotel Bellevue, Pohorje
PORTUGAL Residential and Business Building, Estoril
SWISSPEARL CARAT SL
cARAT SL panels with transluent or pigmen-
ted top nishing and core coloured through,
shade in shade, play the lead role. The unique
natural look and the timeless beauty of the
material with its deliate vein texture provide
an exiting and noble expression for build-
ings with speial harater.
Available in a wide spetrum of omplementaryshades.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
41/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 39
PHOTO
WARRENJAggER,PROVIdENcE
PHOTO
S.LENdLER,ZAgREb
USA Gilmartin Shool, Waterbury
cROATIA Golf Hotel Spa, Sveti Martin
SWISSPEARL REFLEX
Also with an integrally oloured ore, these
high tech panels bear an iridescent surface n-
ishing on a pure aryli base.
changing lighting and angle of vision produe
interesting nuanes in the olours.These di-
rectional panels come in 15 shades; they are
partiularly suited for ontemporary buildings
of any size and sope with very modern arhi-teture.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
42/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
PHOTO
ROLANdHALbE,STuTTgART
cHINA Giant interative Group corporate Headquarters, Shangai
SWISSPEARL XPRESSIV
NEW in 2007: panels with a very vivid e-
ment omposite struture designed to give
a partiular touh to speial buildings. Soon
available in 8 olours. Shades Light Grey,
Dark Grey, Brown and Red are provided as
oloured through panels, the other 4 olours
bear a pigmented translucent surface nish-
ing.
] Swisspearl: The original [
CARAT F-Color
This coating consists in a ne texture with
spherial hollow glass partiles. This thiker
opaque pigmentation of the oating provides
a very strong protetion against UV radiation.
Available in all standard cARAT olours and
as ustom shades.
CARAT HR
This range with speial surfae treatment
provides a very high resistane to tagging and
surfaes damages whilst material authenti
expression is fully maintained. Therefore,
these panels an be ombined with standard
cARAT panels on the same faade provided
some separation exists by design between the
two surfaes. Available in all standard cARATolours.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
43/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 41
PHO
TO
cRISTINbARAHONA,SANTIAgOdEcHILE
cHILE Metro Station, Santiago di chile
Just ontat the loal authorized SWISSPEARL
distributor to dene surface aspect and target
olour. Switzerland will very rapidly hek the
possibility of meeting this wish and if positive
provide a real ement omposite sample within
short time for approval.
Width 950 and
1250 mm are manu-
fatured as different
prodution bathes
so that the shade may
deviate.
The two widths
should therefore not be
mixed on the same part
of the faade.
cARAT
cARAT-F-cOLOR
cARAT-HR
All shades
Blak Opal
Sapphire
coral , Topaz,
Azurite, Jade,
Onyx, Amber,
Agate
cARAT
cARAT-F-cOLOR
cARAT-HR
Shades
Blak Opal
Sapphire
coral , Topaz,
Azurite, Jade
REFLEX
All olours
REFLEX
colours
exept
champagne
9290
White Satin
9291
XPRESSIV
All shades
XPRESSIV
Light Grey
Width
Length
Thikness
mm ft/inhes
1220 48-1/32
2500 98-7/16
3040 119-11/16
8
12 *
mm ft/inhes
920 * 36-7/32
2500 98-7/16
3040 119-11/16
8
Overwiewof the Panel Range
*Att enti on: longer lead times. Please hek with loal authorized distributor
SWISSPEARLhas unmatched competence and know-how
regarding special colours supplied in various textures.
In the past 10 years, more than 2000 customized shades
were supplied according to architects specications.
] cstom colours[
Standard colours do not exactly
meet your wishes? No problem!
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
44/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
Amber 7083 Original Exposed 3000 hours
Autumn Leaves 9270 Original Exposed 2500 hours
Swisspearl panels have excellent colour stability and
homogeneous ageing.
The Delta E value measured for 2000 hours corresponds to
approximately 5 years of normal exposure, the Delta E value
for 5000 hours to approximately a 12 years use of the panels.
In ountries with higher solar exposure, for
instane between ~40 latitude North and ~30
latitude South or due to partiular loal ondi-
tions, the ageing proess may be aelerated.
Aording to general knowledge, olours are
for instane antiipated to fade twie as fast
in tropial areas as in temperate continental/
European regions.
For faades in suh sunny ountries preferene
should therefore be given to the shades and
textures with the best Delta E performane,
suh as the Onyx, coral, Topaz series or the
the REFLEX or the cARAT F-color ranges.
On request, ustom olours with even more
UV-resistant top nishing may be proposed.
Weathering installation in Switzerland to test
olour fastness of pigments.
] colors stability [
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
45/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 43
Valori Delta E descono le differenze di colore di due campioni (prima/dopo l'esposizione al sole).Delta E valore partendo da un ampione prima dell'esposizione zero.cambiamenti di olore possono dare valori Delta E he vanno a pi di 100
Il test on aro xenon he simula la lue solare un metodo di laboratorio standardizzato per riprodurre l'invehiamento all'aria aperta.Il risultato del test india generalmente il ambiamento di olore (Delta E).
Partiamo dal presupposto he per una durata di 2000 ore orrisponde ad una esposizione di inque anni.
Delta E il risultato di tre modiche
c il livello di luminosit (L) dal nero al bianoc in termini di tonalit (H) blu-verde-rosso-gialloc a saturazione (c) pallido a intenso
Delta E 0 - 1 Non visibile o appena visibile ad ohio nudo in un
onfronto diretto dei due ampioniDelta E 1,5 - 2,5 Visibile a ohio nudo direttamente a onfronto due
campioni afancatiDelta E 3 - 4 Minime variazioni di olore visibili senza ampione
di riferimento
Tutti i olori ambiano nel tempo.Ma importante he il ambiamento avvenga uniformemente su tutta la faiata
Se un Delta E di 3 o pi, il olore della onsegna nuova deve essere adattata a quella dellafacciata esistente se i pannelli sono installati nelle parti adiacenti a quelli gi installati sulla supercie.
Onyx
Champagne
White
Amber
Topaz
Brown
Coral
Sunset
Red
Jade
Green
Azurite Blue
Blue
Black
Black Velvet
CARAT
REFLEX
XPRESSIV
CARAT
CARAT
XPRESSIV
CARAT
REFLEX
XPRESSIV
CARAT
XPRESSIV
CARAT
XPRESSIV
XPRESSIV
REFLEX
7099
9290
8090
7083
7073
8270
7030 R
9230
8230
7050
8050
7040
8040
8220
9221
Weathering
1000 hours
D E
0.36
1.94
0.35
0.38
0.26
0.64
0.29
0.63
0.59
0.76
1.26
0.76
0.13
Weathering
2000 hours
D E
0.42
1.80
0.28
0.34
0.31
0.72
0.21
0.69
0.53
0.87
1.45
0.98
0.24
Weathering
3000 hours
D E
0.30
1.26
0.30
0.45
0.92
0.37
1.05
1.40
0.83
0.37
Weathering
4000 hours
D E
0.28
1.66
0.38
1.30
0.38
1.20
2.03
1.05
1.06
Weathering
5000 hours
D E
0.30
1.60
0.48
1.60
0.33
0.50
1.28
1.69
0.95
1.30
1.19
Explanation of Delta E Values
UV Xenon Ar LightAelerated Weathering ATI York USA, cARAT Panels - Average values
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
46/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
PHOTO
mR.bASHARA
LAEddIN,AdASATSTudIOS,JORdAN
PHOTO
mIkkOkmRINEN,OuLu
PHOTO
RuNEbAckS,cOPENHAgEN
PHOTO
ANgELOkAuNAT,gROSSgmAIN
PHOTO
STEVEWANkE,WARRENOR
FINLAND Kannisto Shool, Vantaa
JORDAN Kilani Ofce Building, Amman
LATVIA Primary Shool, Valmiera
DENMARK Voational college EUc Syd, Aabenraa
AUSTRIA Renovation and Extension Europahaus,Mayrhofen
PHOTO
edgarsgr
ibUsTs,lielvrde
] Swisspearl: the original [
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
47/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 45
PHOTO
ARq.yORLmARc
AmPOS,PORTAmAR
PHOTO
J.
VILA
buRROWS,JudSON&OLIVOSARcHITEcT,SANTIAgOd
EcHILE
USA Lane community college, Eugene
VENEZUELA Shopping center Parque costazul, Isla Margarita
cHILE Estadio Bientenario Nelson Oyarzn Arenas, chilln
PHOTO
ANdREATHIEL-LHOTkOV,PRAguE
cZEcH REPUBLIc Branik House, Prague
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
48/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
PHOTO
R.HALbE,STuTTgART
PHOTO
mirankambi,radOvljica
PHOTO
gONZALOcASANOVA,buENOSAIRES
PHOTO
JRgZImERmANN,ZuRIcH
PHOTO
cRISTINbARAHONA,SANTIAgOdEcHILE
SLOVENIA Aquarium "Humna Fish", Postojna cave
cHILE Metro Station, Santiago de chile
URUGUAY Airport carraso
SPAIN WAF World Arhiteture Festival, Barelona
cHINA Giant Interative Group Headquarters, Shanghai
ISRAL Arhaeology Wing Exhibition, Jerusalem
PHOTO
ASAFkLINgERROyROcHLIN,HOLON
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
49/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 47
SWISSPEARL cARAT altitude 3111 m
] Otstaning product features [
n
cement omposite panels with
top nishing and core coloured
through shade in shade. Speial-
ly designed for the rear ventilated
rainsreen ladding system,
the panels ombine beauty and
durability.
n
Unmathed physial properties.
THE ONLY ement omposite
faade panel to reeive the
highest class rating 5A according
to European cE onformity (EN
12467) -for various shades.
n
High quality reinforcement bers
(< 6 % of cellulose bers).
n
Low water absorption.
n
Very weather resistant. Tempera-
ture resistane guaranteed up to
+80c and down to -40c (176F
to -40F).
n
Not affeted by oastal environ-ment and normal atmospheri
pollutants.
n
Sun, rain (even aid rain), hu-midity and frost have nearly no
inuence on surface aspect.
n
Fire rating: A2-s1, d0 aordingto EN Standard 13501-1/UBC
class I, NFPA class A aording
to ASTM E 84-99.
n
Mostly fatory fabriated for
onsistent high utting/drilling/
sealing quality.
n
Exellent long term olour fast-
ness and onsisteny: depen-
ding on shades, Delta E-values
range between 1 and 3 on the
cIELAB sale after 2000 hours
of exposure (Xenon Ar Light
a. Weathering Test). Ensures
a natural and homogeneous
ageing of the whole surfae of
the panel / faade.
n
Minimal maintenane thanks to
the smooth surface nish of an
inert material.
- Mainly made of mineral raw
materials, 100 % recyclable
- Swiss constrution Authorities
testify 40 years as standard life
expetany for the faade appli-
ation of the panels.
SWISSPEARLfaade and interior panels are supplied by
the only manufacturer in the world with 20 years experi-
ence in cement composite faade panels with real colou-
red through technology.
The legendary Swiss quality rests
especially on the following features:
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
50/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
PHOTO
TOm
bONNER,SANTAmONIcAcA
USA Blair Shool, Pasadena
PHOTO
PHOTOARTLLc,kEITHRIN
EARSON,OkLAHOmA
USA Myriad Gardens, Oklahoma city, OK
sytem SIGMA 8
The faade SWISSPEARL panels are availa-
ble in all the aesthetially unique olour ranges
cARAT, REFLEX, XPRESSIV and F-olor, up
to a maximum effetive panel size of 3048x
1220 mm/10 0"x 4-0" to suit any job-specic
requirements. They are supplied ex fatory
aurately and leanly ut to size, with predrilled
bakside holes, all exeuted under strit quality
ontrol. The system inludes the speial an-
hors and three ingeniously designed hanging
elements to be installed on the job site. This
lever and rational system an be used with any
standard vertial supporting metal or wooden
sub-frame (arried out by others).
Curved faades
SWISSPEARL panels are slightly exible. Thus
they an be bent on the building site during
installation.
] Creativity[
Approximateminimalbending radii
min. r = 16 m
panel bent lengthwise
min. r = 20 m
panel bent rosswise
The faade system SIGMA 8 is designed for
applications with the highest standards
regarding sophisticated presentation.
The specially engineered system combines the
large size SWISSPEARL panels in thickness o f
8 mm (5/16") and a patented, secret xing
concept, which allows a wide scope for
individual expression.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
51/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 49
PHOTO
ROLANdHALbE,STuTTgART
PHOTO
mirankambi,radOvljica
SPAIN centro Esplai, El Prat de Llobregat
SLOVENIA commerial centre Tu, Idrija
SLOVENIA Cultural and Administration Centre, Sveti Jurij ob avnici
PHOTO
mir
ankambi,radOvljica
PHOTOR.HALbE,STuTTgAR
Inclined faades
For roof shaped faades inlined more than
5 from the vertical, CARAT and XPRESSIV
panels require a speial surfae treatment to
ater for inreased exposure to the limate.
Suh surfae oating modifies the surfae
aspet, whih deviates from a standard panel.
Faades inlined inwards and REFLEX panels
as well as F-olor panels do not need suh
treatment.
Decorative elements
Visible, emphasized fasteners are an interesting
way to give an additional dimension to the
faade design.
The subtle interplay of texture and shade of the
panels, of olour and geometry of the exposed
fasteners and the resulting shadows opens up
appealing design possibilities for ontemporary
expression.
Deorative fasteners are available in galva-
nized plain aluminium and partly in stainless
steel for srews and rivets.
] Creativity[
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
52/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
PHOTO
bRucEdAmONTE,SANFRANcIScO
PHOTO
mirankambi,rad
Ovljica
PHOTO
ROLANdHALbE,STuTTgART
PHOTO
S.LENdLER,
ZAgREb
USA University of Primorska, Koper
USA Oberfeld Residene, West Hollywood Hills cA
cROATIA University, Rijeka
SPAIN centro Esplai, El Prat de Llobregat
Any panel may be nished on both sides, either in
the same or a different colour, with the same or a
different type of coating.
Typial appliations are panels for balonies
(minimum thickness: 12 mm, 15/32"), perfo-
rated partition walls partly visible from both
sides, windbreaker panels, sliding shutters, sun
shading elements, louvers, et.
Additional ustomised treatment suh as
perforations, et. are, of ourse, also possible.
Panel oated on oth sies
] Creativity[
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
53/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 51
PHOTO
cHRIScuNNINgHAm
RIcHmONd,VA
USA Virginia University (VT-IDRF), Blaksburg, VA
Creativity solutions are provided with an
outstanding nishing quality. They may be
used individually or in combination together
with plain SWISSPEARL panels in the same
or different shades or with other materials.
Limitationsin designpossibilitiesfor perforationsn
Required thikness de-pends on stati, funtion,
number, size and repartiti-
on of the perforations
n
Stati of eah intended
perforation design is to
hek, depending on
type, size, repartition
and position of wished
perforations.
As guidelines:
Surfae of perforations:
x maximum 18-20 %
depending on panel
thiknessn
Spae between holes
should orrespond to
2 x the size of the per-
foration
n
Approximately 90 mm
border without perfo-
rations.
Also allow for non perfo-
rated surfaes at position
of the fasteners
n
Spaing of fastening
points may have to beadjusted depending on
pattern/statis.
Perforations
These dif ferent appealing
solutions are SWISSPEARL
specialities based on the
integrally coloured panel
platform and Swiss expertise.
They of fer huge exclusive
additional designing
possibil ities and are thus
fantastic options for giving
a unique, special touch to
every high prole building.
] Creativity[
Holes, slots and other shaped perforations
allow very unusual effets. Perforated panels
may have a funtion (lighting, sliding shutters,
wind-sreens, separation, sound absorption,
et.) or be purely deorative.
Perforations are normally hamfered, whih
provides a high quality nishing aspect.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
54/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
PHOTO
R.L.dEALmEIdA,SOPAuLO
BRAZIL Ofces ITMS Telemedicina, So Paulo
PHOTO
mirankambi,radOvljica
SLOVENIA Senior home Murgle, Ljubljana
Limitationsin designpossibilities for3-D ornaments
n
Required thikness de-
pends on stati, number,
size and repartition of the
ornaments.
n
Stati / feasibility of eah
intended pattern have to
be heked.
As guidelines:
Depth of ornaments
x maximum 1.5 mm if
thikness 8 mm
x maximum 4 mm if
thikness 12 mm
Surfae of ornaments
x maximum 18%
if thikness 8 mm
x maximum 20%
if thikness 12 mm
n
Minimum width of grooved
lines, whatever shape and
position: 3 mm
n
No sharp angles, mini-
mum radius 4 mm
n
Spae between 2 ele-
ments of the pattern
should orrespond to
at least 100 mm
n
Approximately 90 mm
border without ornaments
around xing points.
n
Spaing of fastening
points may have to be
adjusted depending on
pattern/statis.
] Creativity[
Also, olour possibilities are huge depending on
the colour of surface nishing and core: same
shade, slight or big differene in shades, elegant
ontrasts, et. that an even be inreased with
ustom olours.
All ornaments are chamfered to approx. 45
with high fabriating quality and fully surfae
nished with a transparent or tinted coating.
Depending on the number of surface nishings,
shades may be slightly different from plain
panels within same olour referene.
3-D ornaments
Geometri designs, ustom patterns at random,
ompany logo, et. the reative possibilities
are unlimited. Ornaments may be within a pa-
nel, hange from one panel to the other or run
over several panels to reate a bigger pattern
or be ombined with plain panels.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
55/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 53
cARAT ranges SL, F-color and HR, REFLEX
and XPRESSIV panels are provided for high-end
projets oahed by the loal authorized SWISS-
PEARL distributor. Our dediated partners are
ommitted to our high standards regarding the
professional support of the designers and our
quality onept until the faade is installed.
Together with the Swiss tehnial servie, they
are always available to answer promptly any
questions relating to the SWISSPEARL systems
and details or ustom tailored solutions and/
or olours.
Assisting designers and ontrators at every
stage of their faade projet, providing the spe-
ciers with job site mock ups, etc., training the
installers and a omprehensive warranty also
belong to the sope of the high level SWISS-
PEARL servie pakage aiming at added value
and ustomer satisfation.
Thanks to a very elaborate logistis onept,
all orders - although only manufatured projet
speifially are delivered with fairly short
lead times. Mostly fatory ut and predrilled,
the panels ready to be installed arrive usually
diretly at the job site where installation will then
progress rapidly.
] unpaireservice range [
SWISSPEARL: Not just a manufacturer a performing partner with
selected distributors to support and help satisfy the speciers
most exacting standards.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
56/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
Reinforcement bres
High quality polivinylalohol syn-
theti organi fibres serve as
reinforement and ensure the
required solidity and longevity of
the produt.
Cellulose
This additional natural bre ensu-
res a smooth prodution proess.
Share is lower than 6% to ensure
an optimal panel stability.
90% of the raw material
originates from soures in
the viinity of the produ-
tion plant (10 60 km).
60% of the electrical
energy onsists of rene-
wable energy.
The cO2 emission was
reduced by 20% by chan-
ging the energy arrier
from oil to natural gas in
the past 3 years, at the
same time eliminating the
emission of olloid dust.
Colouration in the
cement mass
The ement mass is usual-
ly oloured with anorgani
olour pigments.
Cement production
20% of the energy required for
prodution onsists of alternative
fuels (waste material). Sine mid-
2007 the hrome (IV) ontent of
our ement onforms with the EU
regulations 2003/53/EG.
] Life cycle Swisspearl [
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
57/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 55
Curing
The panels are temporarily stored
in onditioning premises for 4
weeks for hardening and drying.
This slow, natural uring of the
base sheets ontributes to the
high quality of the ement ore.
Coating
The oating material onsists
of high quality pure arylate. It
ontains neither solvents nor any
metalli omponents.
With the use of the urtain teh-
nology, the waste of oating ma-
terial is reduced from 30 to 2 % as
ompared to spraying tehnology.
The panels are also oated on
the bak in order to minimize
deformation.
Primary production
The raw material proessing
yle is losed, i.e. edge uttings
and imperfet sheets return to the
material yle immediately after
dissolving in water.
Within the fatory, panels are
only transported by eletri lifting
truks, - i.e. no olloid dust.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
58/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
] Life cycle Swisspearl [
Palletising
The company specic optimisa-
tion programme determines the
best possible yield of the base
sheets to avoid waste of material.
If requested, the panels are pal-
letised in the order needed for
assembly to avoid waste of time
on the job site.
The ut and drilled panels are
dispathed ready for assembly,
whih allows quik and preise
installation without any waste of
material on the building site, en-
suring eonomial and eologial
onditions.
Installation
The different layers of the ven-
tilated faade are installed su-
essively. Depending on job site
organization, several teams an
work at the same time on the as-
sembly of the different elements
of the system.
The SWISSPEARL panels sup-
plied ready-to-install allow easy
and straightforward progress on
the job site.
Transport
The panels are staked on spe-
ial robust pallets, and various
safety measures are taken to
protet them against all possi-
ble danger during transport in
order to ensure that they arrive
at the building site just as they
left the fatory.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
59/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 57
Photo 2005of building installed 2005
Photo 2006of building installed 1978
Dismantling
Sine no elements of the system
are stuck together, efcient dis-
mantling and appropriate sorting
are problem-free. Faades are
"deonstruted", and the various
parts are reyled or dumped.
Maintenance
Over 40 years life.
The surfae of the panels is not
prone to eletrostati harging
and resulting soiling.
Recycling, depository
The manufaturer uses a tried-
and-tested proess for the uti-
lization of omposite ement in
ement kilns. cement omposite
is a high value raw material for
the ement prodution.
Should reutilization in ement
kilns not be possible, omposite
ement an be stored on a inert
material depository (aording to
the European waste atalogue-
waste ipher 170101 [onrete]).
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
60/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
Generalities
n
All loal, state, federal and other appliable sa-
fety regulations must always be omplied with.
n
Purhase SWISSPEARL faade panels/
systems only from appointed authorised
distributors.
n
Use SWISSPEARLfaade panels/systems
only for appliations reommended by ma-
nufaturer.
n
All manufaturers reommendations regard-
ing design, storage, fabriation, installation
and leaning of SWISSPEARLfaade panels/
systems must be fully omplied with in order
for the warranty to apply.
n
Do not install SWISSPEARL faade panels/
systems diretly onto wall surfaes of any
kind.
n
Do not use any EPDM baking strips on metal
sub-framing.
n
Use srews to timber sub-frame, use rivets to
metal sub-frame, do not use srews to metal
sub-frame.
n
Adhesive xing is not warrented.
n
For further information suh as produt data
sheets, et. please refer to web site www.
swisspearl.om.
] dos an don'ts [
Rear venti lated faade
The design principle involves deection of
almost all rain water, but allows minimal
penetration through the panel joints into an
inner zone (ventilated avity), where drain-
age and evaporation an our.
The inner wall surfae towards the ventilated
avity should be of non water absorbing or
water repellent harateristis.
The external wall system does not all for any
water or vapour proong layers, thus minimi-
sing risk of ondensation in both diretions
(outwards and inwards).
External wall design
Arhitet/onsultant/ontrator are to assu-
me responsibility for the orret design and
exeution of the external wall and its ladding
- inluding all thermal, water, vapour and wind
insulation layers all in aordane with good
building pratie.
Faade engineering
Numbers and spaing of fastening points
as set out in the Design and Installation
Manual orrespond to Swiss building stan-
dards, i. e. wind speed up to 140 km/h and
moderate seismi exposure. If for any projet
higher standards are appliable - arhitet/
onsultant/ontrator must ensure that all
required adaptations shall be made in order
to ahieve ompliane with loal standards
and regulations.
Strutural engineer/ontrator shall assume
overall responsibility for the faade enginee-
ring, inluding:
n
hoie of material and type of sub- framing.
n
determine sizes of all strutural
members.
n
determine all fastening details to
sub-framing and panels.
Interior applications
SWISSPEARL standard panels are sui-
table for interior appliations for walls and
eilings, but with the following exlusions:
n
High traffi areas subjeting the panel
surfae to wear and tear. Suh areas all
for CARAT HR nishing.
n
Areas where frequent leaning has to our
suh as in toilets, hange rooms, et.
n
Flooring and re place surroundings.n
Kithen top, sills for window or doors.
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
61/64
SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS I 59
Fastening details in the Design and Instal-
lation Manual relate to building height and
distinguish between normal wind load areas
and fringe zones (faade top and building
orners).
Seismic loads
Loal standards/regulations to be onsidered.
Thermal insulation
The insulation layers must be stable and well
fastened to the installation base so that they
annot detah themselves and obstrut the
ventilation in the avity.
Ventilation cavity
Building toleranes must be allowed for. The
avity may not be redued by horizontal pro-
les or any stray objects such as loose wind
proong layers, etc. Thickness of ventilation
avity depending on height of building, see
Design and Installation Manual.
Air intake and exi t openings
They must have a lear ross setion of at
least half the ross setion of the ventilation
avity. Redutions, e. g. by inset sreens,
must be ompensated for.
Scope of application sub-
framing
SWISSPEARLpanels have been designed for
installation on timber, timber/metal or metal
sub-frame systems. Arhitet, onsultant,
ontrator to hoose appropriate system in
aordane with loal building standards/
regulations.
Sub-framing - general
remarks
Sub-frames are to be designed by strutural
engineer/ontrator. Thermal expansion/
retration is to be aounted for by providing
xed/expansion point brackets
Allowable deection ratio is 1/300 between
panel support proles and has to be res-
peted for the whole faade area.
The sub-framing expansion joints must orres-
pond to the SWISSPEARL panel joints. Build-
ing toleranes are to be taken up within the
sub-framing by shimming.
Sub-framing members made out of timber are
to be proteted from rain water by EPDM strips
overing the whole batten surfae, EPDM strip
to be in 1 piee from top to bottom.
Wind loads
All details regarding the fastening of panels as
set out in the Design and Installation Manual
orrespond to Swiss building standards. If
other standards are appliable, arhitet/
onsultant/ontrator must ensure that all
required adaptations be made in order to
ahieve ompliane with loal standards and
regulations.
SWISSPEARL rivets
Use aluminum rivets for aluminum sub-
framing. Use stainless steel rivets for steel
sub-framing. Maritime environment (i.e.
distane to oean of less than 1 km) or other
aggressive environment alls for the use of
stainless steel rivets.
Building expansion joints
Strutural expansion joints must be applied
to sub-framing and ladding in the idential
position and to the same extent.
Panel joints
To be min. 5 mm wide for vertical joints and
min. 6 mm wide for horizontal joints
The wider the joint, the less notieable are
inauraies in width. Therefore typial joint
width 8 mm.
Sealant
The use of joint sealing ompounds must be
avoided by areful detailing.
Silione, polysulphide and Thiokol sealant
may not be used, as they ould ause
permanent staining to SWISSPEARLpanel.
Where the use of sealant is unavoidable,
ompatibility (inl. primer) with SWISS-
PEARLpanel to be veried, best suitable
would be hybrid polymer, polyurethane or
aryli sealant.
] dos an don'ts [
-
7/27/2019 Architecture Design 02
62/64
I SWISSPEARL ESSENTIALS
] dos an don'ts [
Bending SWISSPEARLpanels
Panels an be bent on building site, whereas
the age of the panel and xing distances are
determining fators regarding minimal bending
radii. Approximately
min. r = 16 m panel bent lengthwise
min. r = 20 m panel bent rosswise.
Inclined faades special
coating
For roof shaped faades inlined more than
5 from the vertical, CARAT and XPRESSIV
panels require a speial surfae treatment to
ater for inreased exposure to the limate.
Such surface coating modies the surface
aspet, whih deviates from a standard
panel. Faades inlined inwards, cARAT
F-color and REFLEX panels do not need
suh treatment.
Shrinkage
SWISSPEARLpanels, like any other produt
ontaining Portland ement, shrink evenly
to reach after 10 years a nal shrinkage of
1.8 mm per linear meter of panel. Therefore
panels should not be butted tightly, thus al-lowing panel joints to beome unnotieably
wider over the years.
Grafti resistant coating
Use cARAT-HR panels for areas prone to
tagging.
Project specic ordering
n
The harateristis of the raw materials deter-
mine properties and appearane of SWISS-
PEARL panels. Subtle visual differenes may