Architectural masterpiece and symbol of Expo 67, the Biosphere is a unique and spectacular structure, located at Parc Jean-Drapeau in Montréal.

Space:Space: An empty area! An empty area! "the architect left space "the architect left space

in front of the building"; "they stopped in front of the building"; "they stopped at an open space in the jungle"; "the at an open space in the jungle"; "the space between his teeth" space between his teeth"

An inhabited, shared space:People live in a territory (inhabit a territory).

Diversity exists in a territory.

In other words, we are not all the same:

Ex: Age, sex, skin color, religion, sexual orientation, language, jobs, financial status (rich vs. Poor) etc.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwroZ21kRro

Montreal Travel Documentary

Island of MontrealIsland of MontrealAverage Income, After TaxAverage Income, After Tax

Different zones exist in a territory A zone is a part of a territory reserved for

specific activities

a) Industrial Zone:

li

b) Commercial Zoneb) Commercial Zone::

c) Agricultural Zone

d) Residential Zone

What is a COMMUNITY? What is a COMMUNITY? A group of people living in a particular A group of people living in a particular

local area.local area.

Communities are organized and well-planned out:

Communities must provide important services so that residents can live securely and have a better quality of life.

b) School bus servicesb) School bus services

c) c) Water managementWater management for clean, safe waterfor clean, safe water

Sanitary Waste Water Collection

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYfKQb0TAEk&index=4&list=PLigfBiohLCvYrM5y4u09E5Sl5x7mk2HdS

Services and facilities provided Services and facilities provided by communities:by communities:

1.1. Public servicesPublic services: :

a) Public transita) Public transit

MONTREAL MR-73 METRO RIDE - NAMUR TO MONTREAL MR-73 METRO RIDE - NAMUR TO VENDOME STATIONVENDOME STATION

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6khJBfDy6vchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6khJBfDy6vc

STM: electrification of surface systemSTM: electrification of surface system

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKx-WrdfzJYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKx-WrdfzJY

Video: STM testing 100% electric busVideo: STM testing 100% electric bus

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kv1e8jP5naQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kv1e8jP5naQ

d) Waste collection (pick up and dispose trash)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7_HvqvypRs

Toronto Garbage Strike. Week 3 and 5 Toronto Garbage Strike. Week 3 and 5 July 2009July 2009

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTxipqMzFQ8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pq84iJSyvdo

e) Sewage collection

Sanitary Waste Water Collection

2. Administrative services and city rules and regulations (by-law).

A BY-LAW is a rule made by society to control the actions of its members (Ex: speed limits, parking signs etc.).

3. Communities have zoned areas (reserved for industries, businesses, houses and farming).

4. Communities offer access to airports and train stations.

5. Communities have public buildings for:

a. Debating and decision-making (city hall)

b. Activities to its seniors and youth (community centres).

A transformed space

A territory is constantly changing.

It slowly transforms over the years.

Newer buildings replace older ones.

New developments replace farmlands too.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kGLhiKb_Z4

Le transport collectif à Montréal a 150 ans !

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmpLL_VMAtc

Montreal 1976 Olympics - Opening Ceremony Highlighhts

Québec Referendum 1995 LIVE broadcast

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXY7BMRmyxo

Certain events, however, can lead to major changes in a short period of time:

a) War causes major damages (must be rebuilt).

b) Natural disaster can cause severe damage to communities (ex: tornado destroyed Greensburg Kansas) .

c) Inventions may change the landscape (roads allow motor vehicles to travel).

Landscapes:

Natural vs. Man-made

Many different types of landscapes exist.

Either natural or man-made

Outdated and dangerous landscapes renovated or rebuilt (Ex: Turcot Interchange).

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/final-plan-for-turcot-interchange-unveiled-1.1140347

New Turcot Interchange - Simulation aérienne du projet Turcot

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sZXbdAtJuU

We do not always agree with decisions made by community leaders.

Why? Most of us have different ideas on how shared space should be used.

Ex: Target wants to build a new store over an empty field. Should the company be allowed to do so?

1. An environmentalist will most likely disagree because it would mean destroying green space.

2. The C.E.O. (Chief Executive Officer) of Target would push to open a new store because it means more profit for the company.

An economist will agree because opening up a new Target will create new jobs (less unemployment).

Contractor Contractor and and construction crew construction crew that that was given the contract to build the store will was given the contract to build the store will be thrilled because they will be making be thrilled because they will be making money.money.

Local resident against its construction:

Noise pollution

Traffic

Loss of green space

Local resident in favour of its construction:

Job creation Save on gas due to proximity (close by)

of store Convenient*

*Convenience- Anything that saves or simplifies work; anything that is intended to save time, energy etc.

Different points of view often lead to disagreements.

These conflicts become the focus of territorial issues.

The 6 issues territories The 6 issues territories face:face:

1. Housing (buying or renting a 1. Housing (buying or renting a place to live):place to live):

People with low income (poor) have People with low income (poor) have difficulty finding affordable apartments; difficulty finding affordable apartments; especially in downtown areas.especially in downtown areas.

2. Protecting farms Cities are constantly expanding and taking up more

and more space, encroaching (intruding, advancing on) on farmland. THIS IS CALLED URBAN SPRAWL.

3. Transportation (causes traffic):3. Transportation (causes traffic):

Finding ways to Finding ways to reduce traffic reduce traffic is a is a challenge in cities.challenge in cities.

We encourage We encourage commuterscommuters to use to use public public transit transit (ex: buses) and to (ex: buses) and to carpool (instead of driving to work alone). .

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJxAMpJ9HXQ

4. Creating a 4. Creating a balancebalance between between visiting a visiting a national park and protecting itnational park and protecting it::

Visitors go to a national park to admire nature.Visitors go to a national park to admire nature.

Allowing too many tourists at once can harm Allowing too many tourists at once can harm the environment. the environment.

5. Ensuring long-term development of the 5. Ensuring long-term development of the forest:forest:

This involves the challenge of cutting down trees This involves the challenge of cutting down trees while still finding a way to protect the forest while still finding a way to protect the forest (replanting, establishing quotas etc.) (replanting, establishing quotas etc.)

6. Sharing and developing a 6. Sharing and developing a territory:territory:

Aboriginal people want more control over Aboriginal people want more control over economic activities in their territory.economic activities in their territory.